Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| iatrogenic kaposi's sarcoma after immunosuppressive treatment for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener's). | 2015 | 27051687 | |
| ox40 and 4-1bb downregulate kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication in lymphatic endothelial cells, but 4-1bb and not ox40 inhibits viral replication in b-cells. | kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) belongs to the human gammaherpesvirus subfamily and is associated with malignancies of endothelial origin (kaposi’s sarcoma, ks) and b-cell origin [primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman’s disease (mcd)]. viral lytic replication is known to be required for ks and mcd. as kshv-related tumours mostly develop in human subjects when the immune system is compromised by immunosuppressive regimen, human immunodeficiency virus infection ... | 2015 | 26467721 |
| hiv-associated primary effusion lymphoma presenting as a paracardial mass. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel), a rare type of non-hodgkin's lymphoma, is an aids-defining illness and always associated with human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8). classic presentations involve the pleural, pericardial or peritoneal cavities. infrequently, extracavitary solid tumours develop. treatment of pel requires chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). we report a case of a 46-year-old man, who presented with right-sided chest pain, dyspnoea and night sweats. evaluation revea ... | 2015 | 25725030 |
| multimodality imaging and clinical features in castleman disease: single institute experience in 30 patients. | to analyse imaging features of subtypes of castleman disease (cd), emphasizing differentiating features from lymphoma. | 2015 | 25710283 |
| hits-clip analysis uncovers a link between the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf57 protein and host pre-mrna metabolism. | the kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) is an oncogenic virus that causes kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (pel), and some forms of multicentric castleman's disease. the kshv orf57 protein is a conserved posttranscriptional regulator of gene expression that is essential for virus replication. orf57 is multifunctional, but most of its activities are directly linked to its ability to bind rna. we globally identified virus and host rnas bound by orf57 during lytic reactivation ... | 2015 | 25710169 |
| oncovirus kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) represses tumor suppressor pdlim2 to persistently activate nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) and stat3 transcription factors for tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance. | kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) is the most common cause of malignancies among aids patients. however, how kshv induces tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. here, we demonstrate that one important mechanism underlying the tumorigenesis of kshv is through transcriptional repression of the tumor suppressor gene pdz-lim domain-containing protein 2 (pdlim2). pdlim2 expression is repressed in kshv-transformed human umbilical vascular endothelial cells as well as in kshv-associated cancer cell lin ... | 2015 | 25681443 |
| cd20-negative diffuse large b-cell lymphomas: biology and emerging therapeutic options. | cd20-negative diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) is a rare and heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders. known variants of cd20-negative dlbcl include plasmablastic lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, large b-cell lymphoma arising in human herpesvirus 8-associated multicentric castleman disease and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive dlbcl. given the lack of cd20 expression, atypical cellular morphology and aggressive clinical behavior characterized by chemotherapy resistance and ... | 2015 | 25641215 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus micrornas repress breakpoint cluster region protein expression, enhance rac1 activity, and increase in vitro angiogenesis. | micrornas (mirnas) are small, ∼ 22-nucleotide-long rnas that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes 12 pre-mirnas during latency, and the functional significance of these micrornas during kshv infection and their cellular targets have been emerging recently. using a previously reported microarray profiling analysis, we identified breakpoint cluster region mrna (bcr) as a cellular target of the kshv mirna mir-k12-6-5p (mir-k6-5). bcr ... | 2015 | 25631082 |
| analysis of the orfk1 hypervariable regions reveal distinct hhv-8 clustering in kaposi's sarcoma and non-kaposi's cases. | classical kaposi's sarcoma (cks) is a rare vascular tumor, which develops in subjects infected with human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8). beside the host predisposing factors, viral genetic variants might possibly be related to disease development. the aim of this study was to identify hhv-8 variants in patients with cks or in hhv-8 infected subjects either asymptomatic or with cks-unrelated cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. | 2015 | 25592960 |
| kshv reactivation and novel implications of protein isomerization on lytic switch control. | in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) oncogenesis, both latency and reactivation are hypothesized to potentiate tumor growth. the kshv rta protein is the lytic switch for reactivation. rta transactivates essential genes via interactions with cofactors such as the cellular rbp-jk and oct-1 proteins, and the viral mta protein. given that robust viral reactivation would facilitate antiviral responses and culminate in host cell lysis, regulation of rta's expression and function is a majo ... | 2015 | 25588053 |
| stability of structured kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf57 protein is regulated by protein phosphorylation and homodimerization. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) orf57 plays an essential role in kshv lytic infection by promoting viral gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, we determined that orf57 contains two structurally and functionally distinct domains: a disordered nonstructural n-terminal domain (amino acids [aa] 1 to 152) and a structured α-helix-rich c-terminal domain (aa 153 to 455). the n-terminal domain mediates orf57 interaction with seve ... | 2015 | 25568207 |
| transcriptome analysis of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus during de novo primary infection of human b and endothelial cells. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infects many target cells (e.g., endothelial, epithelial, and b cells, keratinocytes, and monocytes) to establish lifelong latent infections. viral latent-protein expression is critical in inducing and maintaining kshv latency. infected cells are programmed to retain the incoming viral genomes during primary infection. immediately after infection, kshv transcribes many lytic genes that modulate various cellular pathways to establish successful infec ... | 2015 | 25552714 |
| fine-needle aspiration cytology of disseminated kaposi sarcoma of the bone in an aids patient. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) is a vascular neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8). skin and mucous membranes are the most common sites, but other organs may be involved. skeletal ks is rare and occurs either by direct spread of mucocutaneous lesions or through dissemination. patients present with bone pain and lytic lesions for which they may undergo fine-needle aspiration (fna). while there are about 70 published case reports of skeletal ks, there is limited literature specifically describ ... | 2015 | 25547261 |
| global mapping of herpesvirus-host protein complexes reveals a transcription strategy for late genes. | mapping host-pathogen interactions has proven instrumental for understanding how viruses manipulate host machinery and how numerous cellular processes are regulated. dna viruses such as herpesviruses have relatively large coding capacity and thus can target an extensive network of cellular proteins. to identify the host proteins hijacked by this pathogen, we systematically affinity tagged and purified all 89 proteins of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) from human cells. mass spectr ... | 2015 | 25544563 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-associated malignancies: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and advances in treatment. | kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv), a γ2-herpesvirus, also known as human herpesvirus-8, is the etiologic agent of three virally associated tumors: kaposi sarcoma, a plasmablastic form of multicentric castleman disease (kshv-mcd), and primary effusion lymphoma. these malignancies are predominantly seen in people with acquired immunodeficiencies, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and iatrogenic immunosuppression in the setting of organ transplantation, but can also develop in ... | 2015 | 25843728 |
| induction of hyaluronan production by oncogenic kshv and the contribution to viral pathogenesis in aids patients. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiologic agent for kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and primary effusion lymphoma (pel), malignancies arising primarily in immunocompromised patients particularly aids-patients, which still lack effective therapy. hyaluronan (ha) is a large glucuronic acid and has been found closely related to multiple functions in cancer cells, although its role in viral oncogenesis remains largely unknown. here we provide first evidence that kshv de novo infection indu ... | 2015 | 25837851 |
| glycosylation of kshv encoded vgpcr functions in its signaling and tumorigenicity. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a tumor virus and the etiologic agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). kshv g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) is an oncogene that is implicated in malignancies associated with khsv infection. in this study, we show that vgpcr undergoes extensive n-linked glycosylation within the extracellular domains, specifically asparagines 18, 22, 31 and 202. an immunofluorescence assay demonstrates that n-linked glycosylation are necessary for vgpcr trafficking to ... | 2015 | 25835533 |
| 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated multicentric castleman disease: correlation with activity, severity, inflammatory and virologic parameters. | kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv)-associated multicentric castleman disease (mcd) is a lymphoproliferative inflammatory disorder commonly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). its presentation may be difficult to distinguish from hiv and its complications, including lymphoma. novel imaging strategies could address these problems. | 2015 | 25828248 |
| association of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf31 with orf34 and orf24 is critical for late gene expression. | transcription of herpesvirus late genes depends on several virus-encoded proteins whose function is not completely understood. here, we identify a viral trimeric complex of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) open reading frame 31 (orf31), orf24, and orf34 that is required for late gene expression but not viral dna replication. we found that (i) orf34 bridges the interaction between orf31 and orf24, (ii) the amino-terminal cysteine-rich and carboxyl-terminal basic domains of orf31 med ... | 2015 | 25810551 |
| modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded g protein-coupled receptors. | human herpesviruses (hhvs) are widespread infectious pathogens that have been associated with proliferative and inflammatory diseases. during viral evolution, hhvs have pirated genes encoding viral g protein-coupled receptors (vgpcrs), which are expressed on infected host cells. these vgpcrs show highest homology to human chemokine receptors, which play a key role in the immune system. importantly, vgpcrs have acquired unique properties such as constitutive activity and the ability to bind a bro ... | 2015 | 25805993 |
| detecting dna viruses in oral fluids: evaluation of collection and storage methods. | storing saliva for nucleic acid diagnostics is problematic in resource-constrained settings. dna genotek's omnigene™·discover kit aims to stabilise microbial dna at room temperature. we evaluate this for long-term storage, determining dna quantity/purity and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) load as indicator. viral loads and dna degradation were assayed over 14months in hhv-8-negative saliva spiked with cell-associated and cell-free virus and saliva collected fresh frozen and into kits from 10 hiv-po ... | 2015 | 25801777 |
| multi-step regulation of innate immune signaling by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | the innate immune system provides an immediate and relatively non-specific response to infection with the aim of eliminating the pathogen before an infection can be fully established. activation of innate immune response is achieved by production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type i interferon (ifn). the ifn response in particular is one of the primary defenses utilized by the host innate immune system to control pathogen infection, like virus infection. hence, viruses have learned to manipu ... | 2015 | 25796211 |
| diagnostic challenges of oral and cutaneous kaposi's sarcoma in resource-constrained settings. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks), caused by hhv-8, is the most frequent hiv-associated malignancy worldwide and remains a major scourge in sub-saharan africa. ks is also endemic in much of africa. there is a risk of misdiagnosis based solely on clinical appearance and haematoxylin and eosin (h&e) staining, especially with other reactive and neoplastic vascular proliferations which occur in the mouth. this study examined oral and cutaneous biopsies from clinically diagnosed lesions of ks in kenya, using his ... | 2015 | 25782476 |
| xct, not just an amino-acid transporter: a multi-functional regulator of microbial infection and associated diseases. | expression of xct, a component of the xc (-) amino-acid transporter, is essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione (gsh) synthesis and maintenance of the intracellular redox balance. therefore, xct plays an important role not only in the survival of somatic and immune cells, but also in other aspects of tumorigenesis, including the growth and malignant progression of cancer cells, resistance to anticancer drugs, and protection of normal cells against oxidative dam ... | 2015 | 25745420 |
| identification of the essential role of viral bcl-2 for kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic replication. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) evades host defenses through tight suppression of autophagy by targeting each step of its signal transduction: by viral bcl-2 (vbcl-2) in vesicle nucleation, by viral flip (vflip) in vesicle elongation, and by k7 in vesicle maturation. by exploring the roles of kshv autophagy-modulating genes, we found, surprisingly, that vbcl-2 is essential for kshv lytic replication, whereas vflip and k7 are dispensable. knocking out vbcl-2 from the kshv genome re ... | 2015 | 25740994 |
| viral bcl-2 encoded by the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is vital for virus reactivation. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) open reading frame 16 (orf16) encodes a viral bcl-2 (vbcl-2) protein which shares sequence and functional homology with the bcl-2 family. like its cellular homologs, vbcl-2 protects various cell types from apoptosis and can also negatively regulate autophagy. vbcl-2 is transcribed during lytic infection; however, its exact function has not been determined to date. by using bacterial artificial chromosome 16 (bac16) clone carrying the full-length ... | 2015 | 25740992 |
| generation of high-titre virus stocks using brk.219, a b-cell line infected stably with recombinant kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a gamma-2-lymphotropic human oncogenic herpesvirus associated with kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and two b-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman's disease (mcd). kshv establishes latency soon after infection in vivo and in vitro. consequently, it is technically difficult to generate high-titre virus stocks required for infection experiments in tissue culture. currently used methods of kshv stock pro ... | 2015 | 25736227 |
| [kaposi's sarcoma of the vulva]. | kaposi's sarcoma represents multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma--a mesenchymal tumor that affects the blood and lymph vessels. its performance is associated with an infection with human herpes virus type 8--the so called kshv (kaposi's sarcoma -associated virus), and with the human immunodeficiency virus. kaposi's sarcoma is considered as a typical clinical manifestation in male homosexuals suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), while his performance in hiv-positive women ... | 2015 | 26137776 |
| phosphoproteomic analysis of kshv-infected cells reveals roles of orf45-activated rsk during lytic replication. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is an oncogenic virus which has adapted unique mechanisms to modulate the cellular microenvironment of its human host. the pathogenesis of kshv is intimately linked to its manipulation of cellular signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway. we have previously shown that kshv orf45 contributes to the sustained activation of both erk and p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk, a ... | 2015 | 26133373 |
| non-hiv-related kaposi sarcoma in 2 hispanic patients arising in the setting of chronic venous insufficiency. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) is a vascular neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) infection that can be confused with the clinical and histological findings of chronic venous insufficiency. definitive diagnosis of ks can only be achieved by performing a polymerase chain reaction for hhv-8 or by immunostaining for the hhv-8 antigen. we describe 2 unusual clinical presentations of ks in the setting of chronic venous insufficiency with clinical and histologic features consistent with stasis de ... | 2015 | 26125221 |
| pulmonary kaposi sarcoma and disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection in an hiv-infected patient. | we report a case of kaposi sarcoma (ks) and disseminated infection by mycobacterium genavense in a 40-year-old hiv-positive man with cd4+ t-cell count 5/µl. he presented with anorexia, diarrhoea, cachexia and multiple firm violaceous nodules distributed over the face, neck and upper and lower extremities. biopsy of a skin nodule was performed, confirming ks. immunoperoxidase staining for human herpesvirus 8 was strongly positive. endoscopic examination revealed erosive duodenopathy. multiple bio ... | 2015 | 26452414 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: mechanisms of oncogenesis. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv, hhv8) causes three human malignancies, kaposi sarcoma (ks), an endothelial tumor, as well as primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and the plasma cell variant of multicentric castleman's disease (mcd), two b-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. all three cancers occur primarily in the context of immune deficiency and/or hiv infection, but their pathogenesis differs. ks most likely results from the combined effects of an endotheliotropic virus with angiogenic ... | 2015 | 26431609 |
| the kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen dna binding domain dorsal positive electrostatic patch facilitates dna replication and episome persistence. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) has a causative role in several human malignancies. kshv latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) mediates persistence of viral episomes in latently infected cells. lana mediates kshv dna replication and segregates episomes to progeny nuclei. the structure of the lana dna binding domain was recently solved, revealing a positive electrostatic patch opposite the dna binding surface, which is the site of bet protein binding. here we investigate the func ... | 2015 | 26420481 |
| siltuximab: a review in idiopathic (human herpesvirus-8-negative) multicentric castleman disease. | siltuximab (sylvant™), an interleukin (il)-6 chimeric immunoglobulin gк monoclonal antibody, is a currently the only agent approved to treat human idiopathic (herpesvirus-8 negative) multicentric castleman disease (imcd), which is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. imcd is caused by dysregulated production of il-6 in the lymph nodes, and is associated with high morbidity, and potentially fatal consequences. siltuximab binds to human il-6 with high affinity and specificity, thereby preventing i ... | 2015 | 26394632 |
| [human herpesvirus 8-negative primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma with t(8;14)(q24;q32)]. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a large b-cell lymphoma proliferating only in the body cavity effusion. it often occurs in advanced aids patients and is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8). on the other hand, hhv-8 negative effusion lymphoma, which is different from pel in many ways, has also been reported and is referred to as hhv8-unrelated pel-like lymphoma. this lymphoma is very rare and its clinical characteristics have not yet been fully clarified. we therefore report an hiv ser ... | 2015 | 26345571 |
| ceramides promote apoptosis for virus-infected lymphoma cells through induction of ceramide synthases and viral lytic gene expression. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiologic agent for several human cancers including primary effusion lymphoma (pel), a rapidly progressive malignancy arising preferentially in immunocompromised patients. with conventional chemotherapy, pel continues to portend high mortality, dictating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. sphingosine kinase 2 (sphk2) represents a key gatekeeper for sphingolipid metabolism, responsible for conversion of ceramides to sphingosine-1 ... | 2015 | 26327294 |
| epidemiology of human herpes virus 8 in pregnant women and their newborns--a cross-sectional delivery survey in central gabon. | on the background of a high prevalence of hhv-8 infection in pre-pubertal central african children, this study investigated the potential for in utero transmission of hhv-8. | 2015 | 26271897 |
| kaposi sarcoma following postmastectomy lymphedema. | classical kaposi sarcoma (ks) usually appears on lower extremities accompanied or preceded by local lymphedema. however, the development in areas of chronic lymphedema of the arms following mastectomy, mimicking a stewart-treves syndrome, has rarely been described. we report an 81-year-old woman who developed multiple, erythematous to purple tumors, located on areas of post mastectomy lymphedema. histopathological examination evidenced several dermal nodules formed by spindle-shaped cells that d ... | 2015 | 26264753 |
| kaposi's sarcoma, a south african perspective: demographic and pathological features. | the incidence of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) has increased dramatically since the onset of the aids epidemic. of the estimated 66 200 cases of ks worldwide, 58 800 are considered to have occurred in sub-saharan africa. | 2015 | 26242669 |
| a non-canonical escrt pathway, including histidine domain phosphotyrosine phosphatase (hd-ptp), is used for down-regulation of virally ubiquitinated mhc class i. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv) k3 viral gene product effectively down-regulates cell surface mhc class i. k3 is an e3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes lys(63)-linked polyubiquitination of mhc class i, providing the signal for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. endocytosis is followed by sorting into the intralumenal vesicles (ilvs) of multivesicular bodies (mvbs) and eventual delivery to lysosomes. the sorting of mhc class i into mvbs requires many individual proteins of the four ... | 2015 | 26221024 |
| identification of caspase cleavage sites in kshv latency-associated nuclear antigen and their effects on caspase-related host defense responses. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), also known as human herpesvirus-8, is the causative agent of three hyperproliferative disorders: kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman's disease. during viral latency a small subset of viral genes are produced, including kshv latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana), which help the virus thwart cellular defense responses. we found that exposure of kshv-infected cells to oxidative stress, or other inducers of ... | 2015 | 26218605 |
| modulation of the cgas-sting dna sensing pathway by gammaherpesviruses. | infection of cells with dna viruses triggers innate immune responses mediated by dna sensors. cgmp-amp synthase (cgas) is a key dna sensor that produces the cyclic dinucleotide cgmp-amp (cgamp) upon activation, which binds to and activates stimulator of interferon genes (sting), leading to ifn production and an antiviral response. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a dna virus that is linked to several human malignancies. we report that kshv infection activates the cgas-sting path ... | 2015 | 26199418 |
| k-bzip mediated sumo-2/3 specific modification on the kshv genome negatively regulates lytic gene expression and viral reactivation. | sumoylation is associated with epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure and transcription. epigenetic modifications of herpesviral genomes accompany the transcriptional switch of latent and lytic genes during the virus life cycle. here, we report a genome-wide comparison of sumo paralog modification on the kshv genome. using chromatin immunoprecipitation in conjunction with high-throughput sequencing, our study revealed highly distinct landscape changes of sumo paralog genomic modifications ... | 2015 | 26197391 |
| cellular microrna let-7a suppresses kshv replication through targeting map4k4 signaling pathways. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiologic agent of ks, the most common aids-related malignancy. the majority of ks tumor cells harbor latent kshv virus but only a small percentage undergoes spontaneous lytic replication. viral reactivation from latency is crucial for the pathogenesis and development of ks, but the cellular mechanisms underlying the switch between viral latency and replication are not well understood. | 2015 | 26197270 |
| biology and oncogenicity of the kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus k1 protein. | the kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), or human herpesvirus 8, is a gammaherpesvirus etiologically linked to the development of kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphomas, and multicentric castleman disease in humans. kshv is unique among other human herpesviruses because of the elevated number of viral products that mimic human cellular proteins, such as a viral cyclin, a viral g protein-coupled receptor, anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., v-bcl2 and v-flip), viral interferon regulatory ... | 2015 | 26192396 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: the role of lytic replication in targeted therapy. | to discuss the role of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) lytic replication in viral-associated diseases and assess the progress on targeting kshv lytic replication as a strategy to prevent kshv-related malignancies. | 2015 | 26524334 |
| modulation of mitochondrial antiviral signaling by human herpesvirus 8 interferon regulatory factor 1. | mitochondrial lipid raft-like microdomains, experimentally also termed mitochondrial detergent-resistant membrane fractions (mdrm), play a role as platforms for recruiting signaling molecules involved in antiviral responses such as apoptosis and innate immunity. viruses can modulate mitochondrial functions for their own survival and replication. however, viral regulation of the antiviral responses via mdrm remains incompletely understood. here, we report that human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) gene pro ... | 2015 | 26512076 |
| identification of human herpesvirus 8 sequences in conjunctiva intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of ugandan patients. | the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is particularly high in sub-saharan africa with temporal trends similar to those of kaposi sarcoma (ks). human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv8), has not yet been investigated in conjunctiva tumors. in this study biopsies and pbmcs of conjunctiva neoplasia patients along with nonneoplastic conjunctiva tissues have been analyzed for hhv8 sequences by pcr targeting orf26. all amplimers were subjected to nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogene ... | 2015 | 26509162 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interleukin-6 modulates endothelial cell movement by upregulating cellular genes involved in migration. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the causative agent of human kaposi's sarcoma, a tumor that arises from endothelial cells, as well as two b cell lymphoproliferative diseases, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease. kshv utilizes a variety of mechanisms to evade host immune responses and promote cellular transformation and growth in order to persist for the life of the host. a viral homolog of human interleukin-6 (hil-6) named viral interleukin-6 (vil-6) ... | 2015 | 26646010 |
| kaposi sarcoma can also involve the heart. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) is a low-grade angioproliferative tumor associated with infection with human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8). the disease was named after moritz kaposi, a hungarian dermatologist who first described it in 1872 as 'idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of the skin.' hhv-8 infection is required for the development of ks, but not all infected persons develop the disease. ks is also considered an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-defining illness by the centers for disease contro ... | 2015 | 26653688 |
| a screen for extracellular signal-regulated kinase-primed glycogen synthase kinase 3 substrates identifies the p53 inhibitor iaspp. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) lana protein is essential for the replication and maintenance of virus genomes in latently kshv-infected cells. lana also drives dysregulated cell growth through a multiplicity of mechanisms that include altering the activity of the cellular kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk-3). to investigate the potential impact of these changes in enzyme activity, we used protein microarrays to identify ce ... | 2015 | 26109723 |
| screening of the human kinome identifies msk1/2-creb1 as an essential pathway mediating kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic replication during primary infection. | viruses often hijack cellular pathways to facilitate infection and replication. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus etiologically associated with kaposi's sarcoma, a vascular tumor of endothelial cells. despite intensive studies, cellular pathways mediating kshv infection and replication are still not well defined. using an antibody array approach, we examined cellular proteins phosphorylated during primary kshv infection of primary human umbilical vei ... | 2015 | 26109721 |
| kshv induces aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis through hif-1-dependent upregulation of pyruvate kinase 2 in kaposi's sarcoma. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a vascular neoplasm caused by infection of endothelial or endothelial precursor cells with the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv8). research efforts have focused on defining the molecular events explaining how kshv promotes pathological angiogenesis and ks tumor formation. mtor/hif-1 is a fundamental pathway driving these processes through the upregulation of angiogenic and inflammatory proteins, including vegf, angptl4, and angpt2. interestingly, hif-1 h ... | 2015 | 26092770 |
| variability of hhv8 lna-1 immunohistochemical staining across the 3 histologic stages of hiv-associated mucocutaneous kaposi sarcoma: is there a relationship to patients' cd4 counts? | the histologic diagnosis of kaposi sarcoma (ks) can be confirmed with human herpes virus 8 (hhv8) latency-associated nuclear antigen (lna)-1 immunohistochemistry, which may show variability in distribution and intensity. this retrospective study was aimed at addressing the factors that may contribute to this variability. all cases of mucocutaneous ks diagnosed in a 5-year period at the histopathology department at a tertiary hospital in south africa with available patients' cd4 counts and hhv8 l ... | 2015 | 26091511 |
| [seroprevalence of human herpes virus-8 in hiv-positive patients at the general hospital of yaounde - cameroon]. | 2015 | 26090027 | |
| treatment of multicentric castleman’s disease in hiv-1 infected and uninfected patients: a systematic review. | multicentric castleman's disease (mcd) is frequently associated with human-herpesvirus (hhv)-8, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 co-infections. the optimal treatment is unclear. this systematic review provides an overview of available evidence on chemotherapeutic and monoclonal antibody therapies directed against cd20, interleukin (il)6 or il6 receptor. | 2015 | 26087799 |
| activation of dna damage response pathways during lytic replication of kshv. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the causative agent of several human malignancies. human tumour viruses such as kshv are known to interact with the dna damage response (ddr), the molecular pathways that recognise and repair lesions in cellular dna. here it is demonstrated that lytic reactivation of kshv leads to activation of the atm and dna-pk ddr kinases resulting in phosphorylation of multiple downstream substrates. inhibition of atm results in the reduction of overall level ... | 2015 | 26057167 |
| kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus induces ho-1 during de novo infection of endothelial cells via viral mirna-dependent and -independent mechanisms. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) herpesvirus (kshv) infection of endothelial cells (ec) is associated with strong induction of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1), a stress-inducible host gene that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for heme catabolism. ks is an angioproliferative tumor characterized by the proliferation of kshv-infected spindle cells, and ho-1 is highly expressed in such cells. ho-1 converts the pro-oxidant, proinflammatory heme molecule into metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, a ... | 2015 | 26045540 |
| promotion of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of procathepsin d by human herpesvirus 8-encoded viral interleukin-6. | the interleukin-6 homologue (viral interleukin-6 [vil-6]) of human herpesvirus 8 is implicated in viral pathogenesis due to its proproliferative, inflammatory, and angiogenic properties, effected through gp130 receptor signaling. in primary effusion lymphoma (pel) cells, vil-6 is expressed latently and is essential for normal cell growth and viability. this is mediated partly via suppression of proapoptotic cathepsin d (catd) via cocomplexing of the endoplasmic reticulum (er)-localized catd prec ... | 2015 | 26018151 |
| human herpesvirus 8-related primary effusion lymphoma after liver transplantation. | primary effusion lymphoma is a rare subclass of non-hodgkin lymphoma associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection and principally seen in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. we report on the case of a 72-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative male with a hepatic transplant 10 years prior, who presented with a symptomatic right-sided pleural effusion and was found to have primary effusion lymphoma by flow cytometric and cytopathologic examination. immunohistochemistry of his ... | 2015 | 25988353 |
| probing the solution structure of iκb kinase (ikk) subunit γ and its interaction with kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus flice-interacting protein and ikk subunit β by epr spectroscopy. | viral flice-interacting protein (vflip), encoded by the oncogenic kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv), constitutively activates the canonical nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells (nf-κb) pathway. this is achieved through subversion of the iκb kinase (ikk) complex (or signalosome), which involves a physical interaction between vflip and the modulatory subunit ikkγ. although this interaction has been examined both in vivo and in vitro, the mechanism by which vflip a ... | 2015 | 25979343 |
| a rhesus rhadinovirus viral interferon (ifn) regulatory factor is virion associated and inhibits the early ifn antiviral response. | the interferon (ifn) response is the earliest host immune response dedicated to combating viral infection. as such, viruses have evolved strategies to subvert this potent antiviral response. two closely related gammaherpesviruses, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (rrv), are unique in that they express viral homologues to cellular interferon regulatory factors (irfs), termed viral irfs (virfs). cellular irfs are a family of transcription factors that ... | 2015 | 25972548 |
| a ribonucleoprotein complex protects the interleukin-6 mrna from degradation by distinct herpesviral endonucleases. | during lytic kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection, the viral endonuclease sox promotes widespread degradation of cytoplasmic messenger rna (mrna). however, select mrnas escape sox-induced cleavage and remain robustly expressed. prominent among these is interleukin-6 (il-6), a growth factor important for survival of kshv infected b cells. il-6 escape is notable because it contains a sequence within its 3' untranslated region (utr) that can confer protection when transferred to ... | 2015 | 25965334 |
| therapy stratifications and novel approach in pursuit of aids related kaposi's sarcoma management- a paradigm for non invasiveness. | cancer in individuals suffering with hiv and aids has become a common source of morbidity and mortality, especially in the underdeveloped world in which kaposi's sarcoma is the most occurring tumor of vascular endothelium frequently seen in patients suffering from aids. suffering individuals are invariably co-infected with hiv and hhv-8 virus. the conventional modes for chemotherapies may be clinically useful in patients with kaposi's sarcoma. though advancements in treatment modalities of aids ... | 2015 | 25961962 |
| trial watch: tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies for oncological indications. | an expanding panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that specifically target malignant cells or intercept trophic factors delivered by the tumor stroma is now available for cancer therapy. these mabs can exert direct antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects as they inhibit pro-survival signal transduction cascades or activate lethal receptors at the plasma membrane of cancer cells, they can opsonize neoplastic cells to initiate a tumor-targeting immune response, or they can be harnessed to specificall ... | 2015 | 25949870 |
| inefficient codon usage impairs mrna accumulation: the case of the v-flip gene of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | latent kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) genomes encode a homolog of cellular flice-inhibitory proteins (termed v-flip) that activates nf-κb and can trigger important proinflammatory and antiapoptotic changes in latently infected cells. the protein is present at very low levels in infection and has generally been difficult to efficiently express in recombinant vectors. here we show that codon usage in the v-flip gene is strikingly suboptimal. optimization of codon use in expression ... | 2015 | 25926644 |
| recent advances in the study of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis. | it has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8)), and its associated diseases. here we review the current knowledge of kshv biology and pathogenesis, with a particul ... | 2015 | 25924994 |
| do human tumor-associated viruses play a role in the development of synovial sarcoma? | to date, the pathomechanism of soft tissue sarcomas such as synovial sarcoma remains unclear whereas even a viral etiology was suspected. aim of this study was to analyze whether ebv, hhv-8 or hpv play a role in the development of synovial sarcomas. | 2015 | 25922658 |
| plasmablastic microlymphoma arising in human herpesvirus-8-associated multicentric castleman disease in a human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patient with clinical response to anti-interleukin-6 therapy. | 2015 | 25900626 | |
| the guanine exchange factor swap70 mediates vgpcr-induced endothelial plasticity. | the viral g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) is proposed to act as one of the predominant mediators of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), a human herpes virus 8 (hhv8)-elicited disease. the actions of vgpcr manifest pathogenesis, in part, through increased permeability of endothelial cells. endothelial cell-cell junctions have indeed emerged as an instrumental target involved in the vasculature defects observed within the tumor microenvironment. the pathway leading to adherens junction destabilization has b ... | 2015 | 25889342 |
| human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in hiv patients with or without kaposi's sarcoma. an analytic cross-sectional study. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a common neoplastic disease in aids patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, with or without ks manifestations and correlate hhv-8 detection with ks staging. | 2015 | 25885486 |
| [pet-ct documented remission of multicentric castleman disease after treatment with rituximab: case report and review]. | we describe a case of multicentric castleman disease with generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, accompanied by typical b symptoms - loss of 15 kg, fever of non-infectious origin, night sweats, symptoms of anemia. histological examination of the nodes with the highest accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose, taken from mediastinum by thoracoscopy, revealed plasmocellular type of castleman disease. tests for hiv and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) were negative. three recurrences of herpes zoster i ... | 2015 | 25873122 |
| microrna-mediated transformation by the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus kaposin locus. | the human oncogenic kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) expresses a set of ∼20 viral micrornas (mirnas). mir-k10a stands out among these mirnas because its entire stem-loop precursor overlaps the coding sequence for the kaposin (kap) a/c proteins. the ectopic expression of kapa has been reported to lead to transformation of rodent fibroblasts. however, these experiments inadvertently also introduced mir-k10a, which raises the question whether the transforming activity of the locus cou ... | 2015 | 25505059 |
| human herpesvirus 8 seroconversion in a population-based cohort of men in tobago. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is the causal agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). in tobago, ks is not common; however, hhv-8 seropositivity has been reported to be 39.9% in men with prostate cancer compared to <22.9% in healthier women and men. to understand hhv-8 transmission, we examined hhv-8 seroconversion and seroreversion, and risk factors for these changes in tobago men. serum specimens from a sub-cohort of tobago prostate survey men, aged 40-81 years (n = 381/442), were collected at baseline an ... | 2015 | 25612304 |
| association between malaria exposure and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus seropositivity in uganda. | unlike other herpes viruses, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv) is not ubiquitous worldwide and is most prevalent in sub-saharan africa. the reasons for this are unclear. as part of a wider investigation of factors that facilitate transmission in uganda, a high prevalence country, we examined the association between antimalaria antibodies and seropositivity against kshv. | 2015 | 25611008 |
| complete genome sequence of pig-tailed macaque rhadinovirus 2 and its evolutionary relationship with rhesus macaque rhadinovirus and human herpesvirus 8/kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | two rhadinovirus lineages have been identified in old world primates. the rhadinovirus 1 (rv1) lineage consists of human herpesvirus 8, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), and closely related rhadinoviruses of chimpanzees, gorillas, macaques and other old world primates. the rv2 rhadinovirus lineage is distinct and consists of closely related viruses from the same old world primate species. rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (rrv) is the rv2 prototype, and two rrv isolates, 26-95 and 17577, ... | 2015 | 25609822 |
| kshv latent protein lana2 inhibits sumo2 modification of p53. | tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial antiviral role and targeting of p53 by viral proteins is a common mechanism involved in virus oncogenesis. the activity of p53 is tightly regulated at the post-translational levels through a myriad of modifications. among them, modification of p53 by sumo has been associated with the onset of cellular senescence. kaposi´s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) expresses several proteins targeting p53, including the latent protein lana2 that regulates polyubiqu ... | 2015 | 25607652 |
| fda approval: siltuximab for the treatment of patients with multicentric castleman disease. | on april 22, 2014, the fda granted full approval to siltuximab (sylvant for injection; janssen biotech, inc.), a chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibody to il6, for the treatment of patients with multicentric castleman disease (mcd) who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) negative and human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) negative. the approval was primarily based on the results of a randomized, double-blind trial in which 79 symptomatic patients with mcd were allocated (2:1) to siltuximab plus best s ... | 2015 | 25601959 |
| identification of the physiological gene targets of the essential lytic replicative kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf57 protein. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) orf57 gene product is essential for lytic kshv replication and virion production. recombinant orf57-null mutants fail to accumulate several lytic cycle mrnas at wild-type levels, leading to decreased production of lytic proteins necessary for efficient replication. several mechanisms by which orf57 may enhance expression of lytic kshv mrnas have been proposed, including mrna stabilization, mrna nuclear export, increased polyadenylation, and tran ... | 2015 | 25410858 |
| benign lymphangioendothelioma presenting as a giant flank mass. | benign lymphangioendothelioma is a rare lesion of controversial etiology and a histopathologic mimic of kaposi sarcoma and so-called 'well-differentiated' angiosarcoma. its most typical clinical presentation is as a slowly expanding, erythematous patch or plaque; it rarely presents as a large mass. we report the second case of a giant benign lymphangioendothelioma, which arose as a serpiginous mass involving most of the flank of an elderly male with no prior radiation exposure and with a remote ... | 2015 | 25410589 |
| activation of p90 ribosomal s6 kinases by orf45 of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is critical for optimal production of infectious viruses. | we have previously shown that orf45, an immediate-early and tegument protein of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), causes sustained activation of p90 ribosomal s6 kinases (rsks) and extracellular regulated kinase (erk) (e. kuang, q. tang, g. g. maul, and f. zhu, j virol 82:1838-1850, 2008, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02119-07). we now have identified the critical region of orf45 that is involved in rsk interaction and activation. alanine scanning mutagenesis of this region reveale ... | 2015 | 25320298 |
| classic kaposi's sarcoma treated with topical rapamycin. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an angioproliferative disorder caused by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8). current research efforts have focused on the study of the relative role of kshv-encoded genes in kaposi's sarcomagenesis in order to identify novel mechanism-based therapies for patients suffering from this tumor. although several viral genes have potential for ks pathogenesis, compelling data point to the kshv-encoded g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) as a leading candidate viral gene for the initiat ... | 2015 | 25314592 |
| whole-genome sequencing identifies stat4 as a putative susceptibility gene in classic kaposi sarcoma. | classic kaposi sarcoma (cks) is an inflammatory tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) commonly observed in elderly men of mediterranean origin. we studied a finnish family of 5 affected individuals in 2 generations. except for atypical mycobacterial infection of the index case, the affected individuals did not have notable histories of infection. | 2015 | 25492914 |
| facing up to the ongoing challenge of kaposi's sarcoma. | kaposi's sarcoma is a mesenchymal tumour caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8, usually in the context of immunodeficiency. the global incidence of kaposi's sarcoma rose dramatically with the outbreak of hiv and aids. although the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cart) has seen a dramatic decline in kaposi's sarcoma incidence, it remains a significant burden of morbidity and mortality, especially in sub-saharan africa. this review considers the most recent evidence regardi ... | 2015 | 25490104 |
| clinical and experimental study of castleman disease in children. | castleman disease (cd) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease that is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, especially in children. for this reason, we describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of cd in 11 children. | 2015 | 25213773 |
| the role of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in the pathogenesis of kaposi sarcoma. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) is an unusual vascular tumour caused by an oncogenic-herpesvirus, kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (hhv 8). ks lesions are characterized by an abundant inflammatory infiltrate, the presence of kshv-infected endothelial cells that show signs of aberrant differentiation, as well as faulty angiogenesis/ vascularization. here we discuss the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of these histological features of ks, with a ... | 2015 | 25212381 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus promotes tumorigenesis by modulating the hippo pathway. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is an oncogenic virus and the culprit behind the human disease kaposi sarcoma (ks), an aids-defining malignancy. kshv encodes a viral g-protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) critical for the initiation and progression of ks. in this study, we identified that yap/taz, two homologous oncoproteins inhibited by the hippo tumor suppressor pathway, are activated in kshv-infected cells in vitro, ks-like mouse tumors and clinical human ks specimens. the kshv-encod ... | 2015 | 25195862 |
| a multiplex panel of plasma markers of immunity and inflammation in classical kaposi sarcoma. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) risk is affected by perturbed immunity. herein, we compared plasma from 15 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative classic ks cases to plasma from 29 matched controls, using a multiplex panel of immunity markers. of 70 markers, cxcl10 (ip-10), sil-1rii, sil-2ra, and ccl3 (mip-1a) were strongly and significantly associated with ks, after adjustment for age and smoking status. these and previous observations are consistent with a tumor-promoting role for these cytokines, pa ... | 2015 | 25149762 |
| high seroprevalence of human herpesvirus type 8 infection in males with advanced lung carcinoma. | human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8) dna is consistently found in all types of kaposi's sarcoma, which is prevalent in immunocompromised patients. patients with advanced lung carcinoma often showed immunologic abnormalities, and prevalence of hhv-8 infection is unclear. in this study, blood samples from 109 lung carcinoma patients and 109 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were analyzed for lymphocyte and monocyte counts, and for antibody, dna, and genotype of hhv-8. lung carcinoma patients had s ... | 2015 | 25119669 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-associated multicentric castleman disease refractory to antiretroviral therapy: clinical features, treatment and outcome. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated multicentric castleman disease (mcd) is a lymphoproliferation associated with human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8). optimal treatment in patients not responding to antiretroviral therapy (art) is undefined. we report 12 patients with art refractory hiv-mcd. patients with hiv-mcd were identified and baseline characteristics, treatment and outcome considered. median cd4 count at hiv-mcd diagnosis was 295 (60-950) cells/ml. all patients had waxing and waning sy ... | 2015 | 25093377 |
| changes in the pattern of kaposi's sarcoma at ocean road cancer institute in tanzania (2006-2011). | tanzania has high human immunodeficiency virus and human herpes virus-8 rates linked to kaposi's sarcoma. we conducted a study at the ocean road cancer institute in dar es salaam, tanzania to examine changes in proportions of kaposi's sarcoma to all cancers over the period (2006-2011) of increased acquired immune deficiency syndrome management by anti-retroviral therapy. we included 1504 kaposi's sarcoma cases from ocean road cancer institute and abstracted information regarding age, gender, hum ... | 2015 | 25080290 |
| kshv-associated multicentric castleman disease: a tangle of different entities requiring multitarget treatment strategies. | multicentric castleman disease (mcd) is a lymphoproliferative disorder presenting with heterogeneous pathological and clinical features. it comprises disease entities with a complex aetiology and overlapping pathogenesis. mcd can be found in association with hiv infection, plasma-cell dyscrasias, kaposi sarcoma (ks), b-cell lymphomas including primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and its solid variant, and hodgkin lymphoma. in kshv-associated mcd cases, a common association is ks and a specific varia ... | 2015 | 24771491 |
| kshv vcyclin counters the senescence/g1 arrest response triggered by nf-κb hyperactivation. | many oncogenic viruses activate nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) as a part of their replicative cycles. we have shown recently that persistent and potentially oncogenic activation of nf-κb by the human t-lymphotropic virus 1 (htlv-1) oncoprotein tax immediately triggers a host senescence response mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: p21(cip1/waf1) (p21) and p27(kip1) (p27) here we demonstrate that rela/nf-κb activation by kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) latency protein vflip also leads to ... | 2015 | 24469036 |
| an interesting case of 'diabetic foot ulcer' in an hiv-positive patient. | kaposi sarcoma is a highly vascularised tumour affecting the skin, lymph nodes and viscera. kaposi sarcoma is most common in hiv-infected homosexual or bisexual men. we present here a 70-year-old white british male patient, who was under the care of the podiatric team for longstanding 'diabetic foot ulcers'. he was later referred to the dermatology team who took a biopsy; this revealed features of kaposi sarcoma which prompted an hiv test which was positive. this patient had previously presented ... | 2015 | 24841196 |
| primary effusion lymphoma in the absence of hiv infection--clinical presentation and management. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a rare type of non-hodgkin's lymphoma caused by human herpesvirus type 8, also termed kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. it usually occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. a subset of patients is not infected with hiv and their treatment remains poorly defined. to clarify treatment issues in hiv-negative pel patients, we report on two such patients who represent two opposing ends in the spectrum of treatment and review the literatu ... | 2015 | 25413797 |
| deletion of murid herpesvirus 4 orf63 affects the trafficking of incoming capsids toward the nucleus. | gammaherpesviruses are important human and animal pathogens. despite the fact that they display the classical architecture of herpesviruses, the function of most of their structural proteins is still poorly defined. this is especially true for tegument proteins. interestingly, a potential role in immune evasion has recently been proposed for the tegument protein encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus open reading frame 63 (orf63). to gain insight about the roles of orf63 in the life ... | 2015 | 26676769 |
| downregulation of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase 1 by a viral processivity factor facilitates lytic replication of gammaherpesvirus. | in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), poly(adp-ribose) polymerase 1 (parp-1) acts as an inhibitor of lytic replication. here, we demonstrate that kshv downregulated parp-1 upon reactivation. the viral processivity factor of kshv (pf-8) interacted with parp-1 and was sufficient to degrade parp-1 in a proteasome-dependent manner; this effect was conserved in murine gammaherpesvirus 68. pf-8 knockdown in kshv-infected cells resulted in reduced lytic replication upon reactivation with i ... | 2015 | 26157130 |
| evasion of innate cytosolic dna sensing by a gammaherpesvirus facilitates establishment of latent infection. | herpesviruses are dna viruses harboring the capacity to establish lifelong latent-recurrent infections. there is limited knowledge about viruses targeting the innate dna-sensing pathway, as well as how the innate system impacts on the latent reservoir of herpesvirus infections. in this article, we report that murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv68), in contrast to α- and β-herpesviruses, induces very limited innate immune responses through dna-stimulated pathways, which correspondingly played only a ... | 2015 | 25595793 |
| primary effusion lymphoma: cytological diagnosis of a rare entity--report of two cases in hiv-uninfected patients from a single institution. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)-related large b-cell lymphoma often affecting immunocompromised adults. however, several cases in nonimmunocompromised elderly patients have been reported. it usually occurs as a massive, serosal effusion without tumoral masses and lymphadenopathies. the most frequent diagnostic materials are cytological smears, displaying large lymphocytes with variable morphological aspects but with a specific 'null-cell' pheno ... | 2015 | 26658724 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency locus compensates for interleukin-6 in initial b cell activation. | interleukin 6 (il-6) is considered a proliferation and survival factor for b cells. to assess the role of il-6 in kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latency, kshv latency locus-transgenic mice (referred to as latency mice) lacking il-6 were evaluated. il-6(-/-) latency mice had the same phenotypes as the latency mice, i.e., increased frequency of marginal zone b cells, hyperplasia, and hyperglobulinemia, indicating that the kshv latency locus, which includes all viral micrornas (mirnas ... | 2015 | 26656696 |