Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| effect of water deficit irrigation and inoculation with botrytis cinerea on strawberry (fragaria x ananassa) fruit quality. | deficit irrigation (di) detrimentally affected berry size but had a profound effect on fruit physiology and biochemistry. strawberry cv. elsanta fruit from di-treated plants had higher levels of abscisic acid (aba). dry matter content as a proportion of fresh weight was increased by a quarter in fruit from water-stressed plants as compared to fruit harvested from plants held at or near field capacity. concomitant to this, the concentration of some taste-related (viz. monosaccharides and sugar/ac ... | 2007 | 18052034 |
| fumigant activity of essential oils and components of illicium verum and schizonepeta tenuifolia against botrytis cinerea and colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | to develop a natural fungicide against botrytis cinerea and colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a total of 25 essential oils were tested for their fumigant activity against post-harvest pathogens. the vaporous phases of oils were treated to each fungus on potato dextrose agar medium in half-plate separated petri plates at 10 microg per plate. the essential oil of illicium verum strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of both b. cinerea and c. gloeosporioides by over 90%. on the other hand, the essent ... | 2007 | 18062240 |
| mycological flora on tree fruits, crust, leaves and pollen sorbus domestica l. | plant-microbial interactive relations with respect to determine mycoflora of the sorbus domestica l.--fruits, crust, leaves and pollen were studied in 2 slovak regions. on the fruit samples the genera alternaria, botrytis, cladosporium, mucor and penicillium occurred, on the leaves the genera alternaria, cladosporium and penicillium prevailed and on crust the genera alternaria, cladosporium, penicillium and trichoderma appeared to be dominant, respectively. isolates from the sorbus domestica l. ... | 2007 | 18247456 |
| evaluation of the effects of chemical versus biological control on botrytis cinerea agent of gray mould disease of strawberry. | this study investigates on effects of four fungicide and six isolate from trichoderma and gliocladium on botrytis cinerea agent grey mold of strawberry under library and greenhouse condition. the effect of four fungicides i.e. benomyl, dichlofluanid, captan and triadimenol on b. cinerea was studied in the laboratory condition by method mixed poison to culture medium. it was shown that the fungicide including benomyl, triadimenol, dichlofluanid and captan were able to inhibit mycelial growth of b ... | 2007 | 18396812 |
| screening preharvest/postharvest strategies to prevent fruit rot decay. | in fruit growing preharvest sprayings in the orchard are mainly applied to protect fruit from decaying. next to multisite fungicides (captan, thiram, tolylfluanid) the most commonly used products recognized for the belgium market are bellis (pyraclostrobin & boscalid) and the combination of topsin m (thiophanate-methyl) and frugico (diethofencarb). in general the spraying schedule varies depending on weather conditions (infection risk), preharvest interval of available fungicides, fruitgrower an ... | 2007 | 18396828 |
| fungal control of pathogenic fungi isolated from wild plants in taif governorate, saudia arabia. | twenty two plants were collected from taif governorate and identified as: euphorbia glomerifera, juniperus procera, launaea mucronata, capparis dcidua, punica granatum, opuntia ficus, prunus persica, eucalyptus globulus, medicago sativa, artemisia monosperma, trichodesma calathiforme, artemisia judaica, foeniculum vulgare, phagnalon sinaicum, rumex dentatus, asphodelus aestives, pulicaria crispa, launae sonchoides, forsskaolea tenacissima, arnebia hispidissima, avena spp and aerva lanata. pathog ... | 2007 | 18928069 |
| effects of diffuse colonization of grape berries by uncinula necator on bunch rots, berry microflora, and juice and wine quality. | abstract production of grape (principally cultivars of vitis vinifera) for high-quality wines requires a high level of suppression of powdery mildew (uncinula necator syn. erysiphe necator). severe infection of either fruit or foliage has well-documented and deleterious effects upon crop and wine quality. we found that berries nearly immune to infection by u. necator due to the development of ontogenic resistance may still support diffuse and inconspicuous mildew colonies when inoculated approxi ... | 2007 | 18943695 |
| defense responses in grapevine leaves against botrytis cinerea induced by application of a pythium oligandrum strain or its elicitin, oligandrin, to roots. | abstract pythium oligandrum is known to display antagonistic activities against several species of pathogenic fungi. it also produces an elicitor of plant defense named oligandrin, which belongs to the elicitin family (10-kda proteins synthesized by phytophthora and pythium species). here, the potential of p. oligandrum or its purified elicitin to limit the progression of b. cinerea on grapevine leaf and the resulting plant-microorganism interactions are described. p. oligandrum or oligandrin we ... | 2007 | 18943581 |
| hypovirulence and double-stranded rna in botrytis cinerea. | abstract twenty-one strains of botrytis cinerea isolated from 13 species of plants grown in china were compared for pathogenicity on brassica napus, mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar, and presence of double-stranded (ds)rna. the results showed that the strain canbc-1 was severely debilitated in pathogenicity and mycelial growth, compared with the 20 virulent strains. a dsrna of approximately 3.0 kb in length was detected in canbc-1 and 4 hypovirulent single-conidium (sc) isolates of canbc- ... | 2007 | 18943720 |
| oxalate-degrading bacteria can protect arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants against botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea and sclerotinia sclerotiorum secrete oxalic acid as a pathogenicity factor with a broad action. consequently, it should be possible to interfere with the infection process by degrading oxalic acid during the interaction of these pathogens with their hosts. we have evaluated the potential of oxalate-degrading bacteria to protect plants against pathogenic fungi. such bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil and selected on agar plates with ca-oxalate as the sole carbon source ... | 2007 | 17990961 |
| effect of hexanal vapor on the growth of postharvest pathogens and fruit decay. | the effect of the natural volatile hexanal was studied as an antifungal agent on the major postharvest fungal pathogens botrytis cinerea, monilinia fructicola, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, alternaria alternata, and colletotrichum gloeosporioides. the antifungal effect of hexanal vapor was dependent on concentration and treatment duration, but sensitivity of the pathogens varied. all spores of b. cinerea and m. fructicola were killed after exposure to 900 microl/l for 12 h at 20 degrees c, and almos ... | 2007 | 17995777 |
| synthetic pyrazole derivatives as growth inhibitors of some phytopathogenic fungi. | the present study was carried out to investigate the antifungal activity of pyrazole/isoxazole-3-carboxamido-4-carboxylic acids, 4-oxo-5-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiones, and n-alkyl/aryl-n'-(4-carbethoxy-3-pyrazolyl)thioureas against pythium ultimum, botrytis cinerea, and magnaporthe grisea. the results on growth inhibition showed differences in the sensitivity of the three fungi to the tested substances, and in general p. ultimum was shown to be the most sensitive. on all phytop ... | 2007 | 18001038 |
| the developmental selector as1 is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of the plant immune response. | the myb-related gene asymmetric leaves 1 (as1) and its orthologs have an evolutionarily conserved role in specification of leaf cell identity. as1 is expressed in leaf founder cells, where it functions as a heterodimer with the structurally unrelated as2 proteins to repress activity of knotted 1-like homeobox (knox) genes. as1 therefore confines knox activity to the shoot apical meristem, where it promotes stem cell function through the regulation of phytohormone activities. here, we show that l ... | 2007 | 18003921 |
| [characterization and antimicrobial activity of the bioactive metabolites in streptomycete isolates]. | twenty different streptomycete isolates were obtained from soils of southeast serbia. five isolates identified as streptomyces hygroscopicus (sh100, sh101, sh102, sh103, and sh104) showed strong activity against botrytis cinerea, a parasite found in domestic vines. these isolates were extensively studied for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and also antiviral activity against herpes simplex. the results indicated that ... | 2007 | 17974204 |
| transgenic tobacco expressing the hrpn(ep) gene from erwinia pyrifoliae triggers defense responses against botrytis cinerea. | hrpn(ep), from the gram-negative pathogen, erwinia pyrifoliae, is a member of the harpin group of proteins, inducing pathogen resistance and hypersensitive cell death in plants. when the hrpn(ep) gene driven by the oscc1 promoter was introduced into tobacco plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation, their resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, botrytis cinerea, increased. resistance to b. cinerea was correlated with enhanced induction of sa-dependent genes such as pr-1a, pr2, pr3 ... | 2007 | 17978576 |
| hypotin, a novel antipathogenic and antiproliferative protein from peanuts with a sequence similar to those of chitinase precursors. | a protein designated hypotin, with both antifungal and antibacterial activity, was isolated from peanut (arachis hypogaea) seeds. the isolation procedure included extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion chromatography, and gel filtration. the protein exhibited a molecular mass of 30.4 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, indicating that it is a monomeric protein. its n-terminal sequence ... | 2007 | 17979231 |
| botrytis cinerea virulence factors: new insights into a necrotrophic and polyphageous pathogen. | botrytis cinerea is responsible for the gray mold disease on more than 200 host plants. this necrotrophic ascomycete displays the capacity to kill host cells through the production of toxins, reactive oxygen species and the induction of a plant-produced oxidative burst. thanks to an arsenal of degrading enzymes, b. cinerea is then able to feed on different plant tissues. recent molecular approaches, for example on characterizing components of signal transduction pathways, show that this fungus s ... | 2007 | 17986079 |
| biological evaluation of neopeptins isolated from a streptomyces strain. | microbial secondary metabolites are a rich source of antifungal agents and have merit as alternatives to synthetic fungicides. to develop disease control agents against powdery mildew, the lipopeptide antibiotic neopeptins were identified from the culture broth of a streptomyces sp., and in vivo control efficacy of the compounds was evaluated on cucumber plants under glasshouse conditions. | 2007 | 17912683 |
| absence of the endo-beta-1,4-glucanases cel1 and cel2 reduces susceptibility to botrytis cinerea in tomato. | cel1 and cel2 are members of the tomato (solanum lycopersicum mill) endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (egase) family that may play a role in fruit ripening and organ abscission. this work demonstrates that cel1 protein is present in other vegetative tissues and accumulates during leaf development. we recently reported the downregulation of both the cel1 mrna and protein upon fungal infection, suggesting the involvement of egases in plant-pathogen interactions. this hypothesis was confirmed by assessing th ... | 2007 | 17916112 |
| erwinia carotovora elicitors and botrytis cinerea activate defense responses in physcomitrella patens. | vascular plants respond to pathogens by activating a diverse array of defense mechanisms. studies with these plants have provided a wealth of information on pathogen recognition, signal transduction and the activation of defense responses. however, very little is known about the infection and defense responses of the bryophyte, physcomitrella patens, to well-studied phytopathogens. the purpose of this study was to determine: i) whether two representative broad host range pathogens, erwinia carot ... | 2007 | 17922917 |
| 2-epi-botcinin a and 3-o-acetylbotcineric acid from botrytis cinerea. | two metabolites, 2-epi-botcinin a and 3-o-acetylbotcineric acid, were isolated from botrytis cinerea (aem211). the former compound was new, and the latter was known but structurally revised by us. in a test for antifungal activity against magnaporthe grisea, a pathogen of rice blast disease, 2-epi-botcinin a was 8 times less active than botcinin a (mic 100 microm), and the mic value for 3-o-acetylbotcineric acid being 100 microm. | 2007 | 17928694 |
| antifungal effects of volatile compounds from black zira (bunium persicum) and other spices and herbs. | the dish pack method, which measures growth inhibition or promotion effects of volatile compounds on germinating seeds, was applied to measure the antifungal effects of 52 dried samples of spices and herbs against a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus, fusarium oxysporum. black zira showed the strongest effect, followed by cumin and cardamom. headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of black zira identified seven volatile compounds, gamma-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, ... | 2007 | 17932718 |
| oxo-phytodienoic acid-containing galactolipids in arabidopsis: jasmonate signaling dependence. | the jasmonate family of phytohormones, as represented by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (opda), dinor-phytodienoic acid (dn-opda), and jasmonic acid in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), has been implicated in a vast array of different developmental processes and stress responses. recent reports indicate that opda and dn-opda occur not only as free acids in arabidopsis, but also as esters with complex lipids, so-called arabidopsides. recently, we showed that recognition of the two bacterial effector ... | 2007 | 17951463 |
| culturable leaf-associated bacteria on tomato plants and their potential as biological control agents. | culturable leaf-associated bacteria inhabiting a plant have been considered as promising biological control agent (bca) candidates because they can survive on the plant. we investigated the relationship between bacterial groups of culturable leaf-associated bacteria on greenhouse- and field-grown tomato leaves and their antifungal activities against tomato diseases in vitro and in vivo. in addition, the isolated bacteria were analyzed for n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) and indole-3-acetic acid ... | 2007 | 17356949 |
| a permeable cuticle in arabidopsis leads to a strong resistance to botrytis cinerea. | the plant cuticle composed of cutin, a lipid-derived polyester, and cuticular waxes covers the aerial portions of plants and constitutes a hydrophobic extracellular matrix layer that protects plants against environmental stresses. the botrytis-resistant 1 (bre1) mutant of arabidopsis reveals that a permeable cuticle does not facilitate the entry of fungal pathogens in general, but surprisingly causes an arrest of invasion by botrytis. bre1 was identified to be long-chain acyl-coa synthetase2 (la ... | 2007 | 17396154 |
| relay cropping cauliflower with lettuce as a means to manage first-generation cabbage maggot (diptera: anthomyiidae) and minimize cauliflower yield loss. | first-generation cabbage maggot, delia radicum (l.) (diptera: anthomyiidae), can cause extensive damage to newly transplanted brassica crops. this study investigated the use of relay cropping, a form of intercropping that involves overlapping two crops in the same field for a short period, as a means to 1) reduce first-generation d. radicum egg numbers by disrupting female host finding and 2) minimize yield loss by reducing the time that crops overlap. because of the high incidence of two other ... | 2007 | 17598546 |
| sesquiterpenes from the wood of juniperus lucayana. | bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract from the wood of juniperus lucayana afforded three sesquiterpenes named 3-hydroxypseudowiddran-6(7)-en-4-ol (1), 15-hydroxyallo-cedrol (2) and 12-hydroxywiddrol (3) together with six known sesquiterpenes (4-9) and two known flavonoids (10 and 11). their structures were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2d nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. the structures of compounds were identified as 1alpha,4beta, ... | 2007 | 17606274 |
| the pp2c-type phosphatase ap2c1, which negatively regulates mpk4 and mpk6, modulates innate immunity, jasmonic acid, and ethylene levels in arabidopsis. | wound signaling pathways in plants are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) and stress hormones, such as ethylene and jasmonates. in arabidopsis thaliana, the transmission of wound signals by mapks has been the subject of detailed investigations; however, the involvement of specific phosphatases in wound signaling is not known. here, we show that ap2c1, an arabidopsis ser/thr phosphatase of type 2c, is a novel stress signal regulator that inactivates the stress-responsive mapks ... | 2007 | 17630279 |
| comparison of pathogen-induced expression and efficacy of two amphibian antimicrobial peptides, msra2 and temporin a, for engineering wide-spectrum disease resistance in tobacco. | the rapid accumulation of defensive transgene products in plants only on pathogen invasion has clear advantages over their constitutive synthesis. in this study, two antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of frogs, msra2 (n-methionine-dermaseptin b1) and temporin a, were evaluated for engineering pathogen-induced disease resistance in plants. both peptides inhibited plant-specific pathogens in vitro at micromolar concentrations that were not toxic to plant protoplasts. the plant-optimiz ... | 2007 | 17645440 |
| [construction of genetic linkage map and localization of nbs-lrr like resistance gene analogues in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis)]. | nucleotide binding site (nbs) profiling, a new method was used to map resistance gene analogues (rgas) in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis). this method allows amplification and the mapping of genetic markers anchored in the conserved nbs encoding domain of plant disease resistance genes. aflp was also performed to construct the cauliflower intervarietal genetic map. the aim of constructing genetic map was to identify potential molecular markers linked to important agronomic traits t ... | 2007 | 17650494 |
| fungal terpene metabolites: biosynthetic relationships and the control of the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | the structures and biosynthesis of the sesquiterpenoid metabolites of botrytis cinerea and their relationship to the presilphiperfolanes are reviewed. the development of a novel strategy for the control of this phytopathogenic fungus based on analogues of these metabolites is described. there are 75 references. | 2007 | 17653354 |
| induction of a grapevine germin-like protein (vvglp3) gene is closely linked to the site of erysiphe necator infection: a possible role in defense? | germin-like proteins (glp) have various proposed roles in plant development and defense. seven novel glp cdna clones were isolated from grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. chardonnay). reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction expression analysis revealed that the vvglp genes exhibit diverse and highly specific patterns of expression in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic treatments, including challenge by erysiphe necator, plasmopara viticola, and botrytis cinerea, suggesting a diversit ... | 2007 | 17849714 |
| elevated genetic variation within virulence-associated botrytis cinerea polygalacturonase loci. | botrytis cinerea, or gray mold, is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen of hundreds of plant species. the genetic diversity of b. cinerea may contribute to its broad host range; however, the level and structure of genetic variation at pathogenesis-associated loci has not been described. b. cinerea possesses six distinct cell-wall-degrading polygalacturonases (pgs), enzymes of demonstrated importance to pathogenesis and interaction with host plant defenses. sequencing a collection of 34 b. cinerea isol ... | 2007 | 17849715 |
| a biosynthetic gene cluster for a secreted cellobiose lipid with antifungal activity from ustilago maydis. | the phytopathogenic basidiomycetous fungus ustilago maydis secretes large amounts of the glycolipid biosurfactant ustilagic acid (ua). ua consists of 15,16-dihydroxypalmitic or 2,15,16-trihydroxypalmitic acid, which is o-glycosidically linked to cellobiose at its terminal hydroxyl group. in addition, the cellobiose moiety is acetylated and acylated with a short-chain hydroxy fatty acid. we have identified a 58 kb spanning gene cluster that contains 12 open reading frames coding for most, if not ... | 2007 | 17850255 |
| antifungal lactic acid bacteria with potential to prolong shelf-life of fresh vegetables. | the aim of this study was to isolate and identify antifungal lactic acid bacteria from fresh vegetables, and evaluate their potential in preventing fungal spoilage of vegetables. | 2007 | 17850302 |
| [analysis of simple sequence repeats in genomes of sclerotinia sclerotiorum and botrytis cinerea]. | simple sequence repeats or microsatellites have been used as genetic markers in population genetics because of their abundance and length variation between different individuals. this study examined the ssrs in the completely sequenced sclerotinia sclerotiorum and botrytis cinerea genomes. the occurrences, relative abundance, relative density, most common motifs, and the longest ssrs in the two species were analyzed, and compared with other plant pathogenic fungal species, such as fusarium grami ... | 2007 | 17855269 |
| new c-secosteroids from the gorgonian tripalea clavaria. | seven new c-secosteroids were isolated from the gorgonian tripalea clavaria collected from the south atlantic. these compounds have a delta(5), 9,11-secosteroid nucleus together with a 22s hydroxyl group. the absolute configuration of the 22-hydroxyl group was determined with the help of cosy spectra of the mosher esters of the compounds. | 2007 | 17889913 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of arnica longifolia, aster hesperius, and chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils. | essential oils from three different asteraceae obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms). main compounds obtained from each taxon were found as follows: arnica longifolia carvacrol 37.3%, alpha-bisabolol 8.2%; aster hesperius hexadecanoic acid 29.6%, carvacrol 15.2%; and chrysothamnus nauseosus var. nauseosus beta-phellandrene 22.8% and beta-pinene 19.8%. essential oils were also evaluated for their ant ... | 2007 | 17894463 |
| cloning and characterization of bgn16.3, coding for a beta-1,6-glucanase expressed during trichoderma harzianum mycoparasitism. | to clone and characterize the gene coding for bgn16.3, a beta-1,6-glucanase putatively implicated in mycoparasitism by trichoderma harzianum, a biocontrol agent used against plant pathogenic fungi. | 2007 | 17897233 |
| wounding induces resistance to pathogens with different lifestyles in tomato: role of ethylene in cross-protection. | many reports point to the existence of a network of regulatory signalling occurring in plants during the interaction with micro-organisms (biotic stress) and abiotic stresses such as wounding. however, the focus is on shared intermediates/components and/or common molecular outputs in differently triggered signalling pathways, and not on the degree and modes of effective influence between abiotic and biotic stresses nor the range of true plant-pathogen interactions open to such influence. we repo ... | 2007 | 17897407 |
| characterization of pseudomonas corrugata strain p94 isolated from soil in beijing as a potential biocontrol agent. | in an attempt to obtain biologic control agents for grey mildew of tomato, a total of 628 bacterial strains were isolated from agricultural soil samples in beijing, china, and screened for in vitro antibiosis toward botrytis cinerea. strain p94 exhibited the most obvious antagonistic activity. it p94 had no pathogenicity and was identified as pseudomonas corrugata by the biolog identification system combined with 16s rdna sequence analysis and biochemical and physiologic characteristics. the spe ... | 2007 | 17657535 |
| release of acetaldehyde from beta-cyclodextrins inhibits postharvest decay fungi in vitro. | many naturally occurring plant volatiles are known to have antifungal properties. however, they have limited use because they diffuse rapidly in air. in this in vitro study, acetaldehyde was chosen as a prototype volatile in order to study the controlled release of antifungal volatiles from cyclodextrins (cd). the major postharvest pathogens alternaria alternata, botrytis cinerea, and colletotrichum acutatum were exposed to the pure volatile for 7 days at 23 degrees c. acetaldehyde was most effe ... | 2007 | 17658831 |
| the botrytis cinerea hexokinase, hxk1, but not the glucokinase, glk1, is required for normal growth and sugar metabolism, and for pathogenicity on fruits. | hexose kinases play a central role in the initiation of sugar metabolism of living organisms and have also been implicated in carbon catabolite repression in yeasts and plants. in this study, the genes encoding glucokinase (glk1) and hexokinase (hxk1) from the plant-pathogenic ascomycete botrytis cinerea were isolated and functionally characterized. glk1-deficient mutants were indistinguishable from the wild-type in all growth parameters tested. in contrast, deltahxk1 mutants lacking hxk1 showed ... | 2007 | 17660443 |
| calcium-mediated perception and defense responses activated in plant cells by metabolite mixtures secreted by the biocontrol fungus trichoderma atroviride. | calcium is commonly involved as intracellular messenger in the transduction by plants of a wide range of biotic stimuli, including signals from pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. trichoderma spp. are largely used in the biological control of plant diseases caused by fungal phytopathogens and are able to colonize plant roots. early molecular events underlying their association with plants are relatively unknown. | 2007 | 17663762 |
| purification and antimicrobial activity studies of the n-terminal fragment of ubiquitin from human amniotic fluid. | a 4.3-kda antimicrobial peptide was isolated from human amniotic fluid by dialysis, ultrafiltration, and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. this peptide, which we named amniotic fluid peptide-1 (afp-1), possessed antimicrobial activity but lacked hemolytic activity. in addition, afp-1 potently inhibited the growth of a variety of bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus), filamentous fungi (botrytis cinerea, aspe ... | 2007 | 17669700 |
| only an early nitric oxide burst and the following wave of secondary nitric oxide generation enhanced effective defence responses of pelargonium to a necrotrophic pathogen. | participation of nitric oxide (no) in cross-talk between ivy pelargonium (pelargonium peltatum) leaves and botrytis cinerea was investigated using electrochemical and biochemical approaches. in response to the necrotroph, leaves initiated a near-immediate no burst, but the specificity of its generation was dependent on the genetic makeup of the host plant. in the resistant cultivar, a strong no burst was followed by a wave of secondary no generation, shown by bio-imaging with daf-2da. the epicen ... | 2007 | 17688587 |
| the influence of the cationic of quaternized chitosan on antifungal activity. | quaternized chitosan: n-(2-hydroxyl-phenyl)-n,n-dimethyl chitosan (nhpdcs), n-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyl-phenyl)-n,n-dimethyl chitosan (nchpdcs), n-(2-hydroxyl-5-nitro-phenyl)-n,n-dimethyl chitosan (nhnpdcs) and n-(5-bromic-2-hydroxyl-phenyl)-n,n-dimethyl chitosan (nbhpdcs) were synthesized and their antifungal activities against botrytis cinerea pers. (b. cinerea pers.) and colletotrichum lagenarium (pass) ell.et halst (c. lagenarium (pass) ell.et halst) were investigated. the results indicated that ... | 2007 | 17692420 |
| multiplex pcr for species discrimination of sclerotiniaceae by novel laccase introns. | common pcr-based targets for the identification of filamentous fungi and yeasts are the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (its1, 5.8s rdna, its2). within the sclerotiniaceae the its-region is homogenous and the identification is almost impossible. furthermore, the lack of igs-data (intergenic spacer region) requires new specific marker genes for a rapid identification of phytopathogenic sclerotiniaceae. we sequenced and analyzed new laccase2 (lcc2) genes from the phylogenetical ... | 2007 | 17706821 |
| a new technique to prevent the main post harvest diseases in berries during storage: inclusion complexes beta-cyclodextrin-hexanal. | natural occurring volatiles such as hexanal have a well know antifungal capacity but limited post harvest use due to their volatility. taking this into consideration, hexanal was inserted into beta-cyclodextrins (beta-cd) to develop a controlled release mechanism and then evaluated in vitro against colletotrichum acutatum, alternaria alternata and botrytis cinerea, the three main causes of post harvest diseases in berries. different concentrations of both pure volatile hexanal and its inclusion ... | 2007 | 17716762 |
| inhibition of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens in vitro and in planta with ultrashort cationic lipopeptides. | plant diseases constitute an emerging threat to global food security. many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic and nonbiodegradable and cause extended environmental pollution. moreover, an increasing number of phytopathogens develop resistance to them. recently, we have reported on a new family of ultrashort antimicrobial lipopeptides which are composed of only four amino acids linked to fatty acids (a. makovitzki, d. avrahami, and y. shai, proc. natl ... | 2007 | 17720828 |
| expression of the membrane-associated resistance protein rpw8 enhances basal defense against biotrophic pathogens. | the powdery mildew resistance genes rpw8.1 and rpw8.2 from arabidopsis differ from the other isolated plant resistance (r) genes in their predicted protein domains and their resistance spectrum. the two homologous rpw8 genes encode small proteins featuring a predicted amino-terminal transmembrane anchor domain and a coiled-coil domain and confer resistance to a broad spectrum of powdery mildews. here, we show that arabidopsis plants expressing the rpw8 genes have enhanced resistance to another b ... | 2007 | 17722700 |
| fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts. | among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-s-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. the objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: alte ... | 2007 | 17763036 |
| fungi and mycotoxins in vineyards and grape products. | many fungi may occur on grapes during growth in the vineyard, but the main concern from the viewpoint of mycotoxin contamination is the black aspergilli, aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger. these fungi are capable of producing ochratoxin a (oa) which may contaminate grapes and grape products such as wine, grape juice and dried vine fruit. understanding the ecology and physiology of the black aspergilli can provide tools for management of oa at all stages of grape production and processing. in ... | 2007 | 17765989 |
| in vitro inhibition of postharvest pathogens of fruit and control of gray mold of strawberry and green mold of citrus by aureobasidin a. | aureobasidin a (aba), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by aureobasidium pullulans r106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. here we report the inhibitory effects of aba on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal growth of five pathogenic fungi including penicillium digitatum, p. italicum, p. expansum, botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructicola, which are major pathogens causing postharvest diseases of a variety of ... | 2007 | 17765990 |
| effect of carbendazim and physicochemical factors on the growth and ochratoxin a production of aspergillus carbonarius isolated from grapes. | carbendazim is a systemic fungicide that is commonly used on several crops (tobacco, fruit, vegetables, cereals, etc.). this fungicide is used to control fungal infections in vineyards. it is indicated against botrytis cinerea, uncinula necator, plasmopara viticola and other fungi and can be used either alone or coupled with other fungicides. however, there is a lack of in-depth studies to evaluate its effectiveness against growth of aspergillus carbonarius isolated from grapes and ota productio ... | 2007 | 17765991 |
| arabidopsis transparent testa glabra2 is directly regulated by r2r3 myb transcription factors and is involved in regulation of glabra2 transcription in epidermal differentiation. | arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa glabra2 (ttg2) encodes a wrky transcription factor and is expressed in young leaves, trichomes, seed coats, and root hairless cells. an examination of several trichome and root hair mutants indicates that myb and bhlh genes regulate ttg2 expression. two myb binding sites in the ttg2 5' regulatory region act as cis regulatory elements and as direct targets of r2r3 myb transcription factors such as werewolf, glabra1, and transparent testa2. mutations in ttg2 ... | 2007 | 17766401 |
| yeast community structures and dynamics in healthy and botrytis-affected grape must fermentations. | indigenous yeast population dynamics during the fermentation of healthy and botrytis-affected grape juice samples from two regions in greece, attica and arcadia, were surveyed. species diversity was evaluated by using restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of the 5.8s internal transcribed spacer and the d1/d2 ribosomal dna (rdna) regions of cultivable yeasts. community-level profiles were also obtained by direct analysis of fermenting samples through denaturing gradient g ... | 2007 | 17766453 |
| differential regulation of closely related r2r3-myb transcription factors controls flavonol accumulation in different parts of the arabidopsis thaliana seedling. | the genes myb11, myb12 and myb111 share significant structural similarity and form subgroup 7 of the arabidopsis thaliana r2r3-myb gene family. to determine the regulatory potential of these three transcription factors, we used a combination of genetic, functional genomics and metabolite analysis approaches. myb11, myb12 and myb111 show a high degree of functional similarity and display very similar target gene specificity for several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis, including chalcone synthase, ... | 2007 | 17419845 |
| separate and combined disruptions of two exo-beta-1,3-glucanase genes decrease the efficiency of pichia anomala (strain k) biocontrol against botrytis cinerea on apple. | the modes of action of the antagonistic yeast pichia anomala (strain k) have been studied; however, thus far, there has been no clear demonstration of the involvement of exo-beta-1,3-glucanase in determining the level of protection against botrytis cinerea afforded by this biocontrol agent on apple. in the present study, the exo-beta-1,3-glucanase-encoding genes paexg1 and paexg2, previously sequenced from the strain k genome, were separately and sequentially disrupted. transfer of the ura3-blas ... | 2007 | 17427807 |
| a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from grapevine reduces the symptoms of the endopolygalacturonase bcpg2 from botrytis cinerea in nicotiana benthamiana leaves without any evidence for in vitro interaction. | six endopolygalacturonases from botrytis cinerea (bcpg1 to bcpg6) as well as mutated forms of bcpg1 and bcpg2 were expressed transiently in leaves of nicotiana benthamiana using agroinfiltration. expression of bcpg1, bcpg2, bcpg4, bcpg5, and mutant bcpg1-d203a caused symptoms, whereas bcpg3, bcpg6, and mutant bcpg2-d192a caused no symptoms. expression of bcpg2 caused the most severe symptoms, including wilting and necrosis. bcpg2 previously has been shown to be essential for b. cinerea virulence ... | 2007 | 17427809 |
| biocontrol of blue and gray mold diseases of pear fruit by integration of antagonistic yeast with salicylic acid. | this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the biocontrol yeast cryptococcus laurentii and salicylic acid (sa) in suppressing the blue and gray mould rots in pear fruit and to explore possible mode of action involved. our results showed that the combined treatment of pear fruit with c. laurentii with sa at 100 microg ml(-1) resulted in a remarkably improved control of penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea infections, including the pre-inoculated p. expansum, in comparison with the ... | 2007 | 17428566 |
| mutations in lacs2, a long-chain acyl-coenzyme a synthetase, enhance susceptibility to avirulent pseudomonas syringae but confer resistance to botrytis cinerea in arabidopsis. | we identified an arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, sma4 (symptoms to multiple avr genotypes4), that displays severe disease symptoms when inoculated with avirulent strains of pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, although bacterial growth is only moderately enhanced compared to wild-type plants. the sma4 mutant showed a normal susceptible phenotype to the biotrophic fungal pathogen erysiphe cichoracearum. significantly, the sma4 mutant was highly resistant to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, b ... | 2007 | 17434992 |
| a reevaluation of the key factors that influence tomato fruit softening and integrity. | the softening of fleshy fruits, such as tomato (solanum lycopersicum), during ripening is generally reported to result principally from disassembly of the primary cell wall and middle lamella. however, unsuccessful attempts to prolong fruit firmness by suppressing the expression of a range of wall-modifying proteins in transgenic tomato fruits do not support such a simple model. 'delayed fruit deterioration' (dfd) is a previously unreported tomato cultivar that provides a unique opportunity to a ... | 2007 | 17449643 |
| the transcription factor hig1/myb51 regulates indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. | glucosinolates are a class of plant secondary metabolites that serve as antiherbivore compounds in plant defence. a previously identified arabidopsis thaliana activation-tagged line, displaying altered levels of secondary metabolites, was shown here to be affected in the content of indolic and aliphatic glucosinolates. the observed chemotype was caused by activation of the r2r3-myb transcription factor gene hig1 (high indolic glucosinolate 1, also referred to as myb51). hig1/myb51 was shown to a ... | 2007 | 17461791 |
| atplai is an acyl hydrolase involved in basal jasmonic acid production and arabidopsis resistance to botrytis cinerea. | intracellular phospholipase a2 (pla2) plays an important role in regulating oxylipin biosynthesis in mammals, but the molecular and biochemical nature of intracellular pla2 is not well understood in plants. arabidopsis thaliana gene at1g61850 (atplai) encodes a 140-kda protein that is most similar to mammalian calcium-independent pla2, and additionally contains leucine-rich repeats and armadillo repeats. atplai hydrolyzes phospholipids at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, but prefers galactolipi ... | 2007 | 17475618 |
| antifungal properties of schiff bases of chitosan, n-substituted chitosan and quaternized chitosan. | schiff bases of chitosan, n-substituted chitosan, and quaternized chitosan were synthesized and their antifungal properties were analyzed against botrytis cinerea pers. (b. cinerea pers.) and colletotrichum lagenarium (pass) ell.et halst (c. lagenarium (pass) ell.et halst) based on the method of d. jasso de rodríguez and co-workers. the results showed that quaternized chitosan had better inhibitory properties than chitosan, schiff bases of chitosan, and n-substituted chitosan. | 2007 | 17485075 |
| combined expression of chitinase and lipid transfer protein genes in transgenic carrot plants enhances resistance to foliar fungal pathogens. | two pathogenesis-related (pr) protein genes consisting of a barley chitinase (chi-2) and a wheat lipid-transfer-protein (ltp) were introduced singly and in combination into carrot plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) gene as a selectable marker. over 75% of regenerated plants were confirmed to be positive for the transgenes by pcr and rt-pcr and were resistant to the herbicide liberty (0.2%, v/v). northern analysis and immunoblottin ... | 2007 | 17508215 |
| identification of two group a chitinase genes in botrytis cinerea which are differentially induced by exogenous chitin. | chitin-degrading enzymes represent potential targets for pesticides in the control of plant pathogenic fungi. here we describe the cloning, molecular characterization, and expression analysis of two putative chitinases of botrytis cinerea, a pathogenic fungus infecting a wide range of plants. on the basis of conserved motifs from family 18 of the glycosyl hydrolases and group a of the fungal chitinases, two fragments (bcchia and bcchib) were cloned and sequenced. expression of bcchia and bcchib ... | 2007 | 17509848 |
| signaling via the trichoderma atroviride mitogen-activated protein kinase tmk 1 differentially affects mycoparasitism and plant protection. | trichoderma atroviride is a mycoparasite of a number of plant pathogenic fungi thereby employing morphological changes and secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes and antibiotics. the function of the tmk 1 gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) during fungal growth, mycoparasitic interaction, and biocontrol was examined in t. atroviride. deltatmk 1 mutants exhibited altered radial growth and conidiation, and displayed de-regulated infection structure formation in the absence of ... | 2007 | 17509915 |
| the r2r3-myb transcription factor hag1/myb28 is a regulator of methionine-derived glucosinolate biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. | methionine-derived glucosinolates belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites that serve as chemoprotective compounds in plant biotic defense reactions and also exhibit strong anticancerogenic properties beneficial to human health. in a screen for the trans-activation potential of various transcription factors toward glucosinolate biosynthetic genes, we could identify the hag1 (high aliphatic glucosinolate 1, also referred to as myb28) gene as a positive regulator of aliphatic methionine-de ... | 2007 | 17521412 |
| study of the antifungal activity of acinetobacter baumannii lch001 in vitro and identification of its antifungal components. | an acinetobacter strain, given the code name lch001 and having the potential to be an endophytic antagonist, has been isolated from healthy stems of the plant cinnamomum camphora (l.) presl, guided by an in vitro screening technique. the bacterium inhibited the growth of several phytopathogenic fungi such as cryphonectria parasitica, glomerella glycines, phytophthora capsici, fusarium graminearum, botrytis cinerea, and rhizoctonia solani. biochemical, physiological, and 16s rdna sequence analysi ... | 2007 | 17534613 |
| risk factors for allergy due to the two-spotted spider mite (tetranychus urticae) among table grape farm workers. | recent studies have reported an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms among farm workers. the aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with spider mite allergy among table grape farm workers. | 2007 | 17536223 |
| quantitative structure-antifungal activity relationships of some benzohydrazides against botrytis cinerea. | fourteen benzohydrazides have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. the best antifungal activity was observed for the n',n'-dibenzylbenzohydrazides 3b-d and for the n-aminoisoindoline-derived benzohydrazide 5. a quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) study has been developed using a topological substructural molecular design (tops-mode) approach to interpret the antifungal activity of these syntheti ... | 2007 | 17542610 |
| plant signalling components eds1 and sgt1 enhance disease caused by the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. | * botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes grey mould on a wide range of food plants, especially grapevine, tomato, soft fruits and vegetables. this disease brings about important economic losses in both pre- and postharvest crops. successful protection of host plants against this pathogen is severely hampered by a lack of resistance genes in the hosts and the considerable phenotypic diversity of the fungus. * the aim of this study was to test whether b. cinerea manipulates the immu ... | 2007 | 17547673 |
| purification and characterization of an antifungal protein, c-fkbp, from chinese cabbage. | an antifungal protein was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis) by buffer-soluble extraction and two chromatographic procedures. the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry revealed that the isolated chinese cabbage protein was identical to human fk506-binding protein (fkbp). a cdna encoding fkbp was isolated from a chinese cabbage leaf cdna library and named c-fkbp. the open reading frame of the gene en ... | 2007 | 17550265 |
| expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus. | most bursaphelenchus species feed on fungi that colonise dead or dying trees. however, bursaphelenchus xylophilus is unique in that in addition to feeding on fungi it has the capacity to be a parasite of live pine trees. we present an analysis of over 13,000 expressed sequence tags (ests) from b. xylophilus and, by way of contrast, over 3000 ests from a closely related species that does not parasitise plants as readily; b. mucronatus. four libraries from b. xylophilus, from a variety of life sta ... | 2007 | 17560668 |
| impact of the botrytis cinerea strain and metabolism on (-)-geosmin production by penicillium expansum in grape juice. | geosmin, an off-flavour of some rotten grapes, has been implicated in wine defects. botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum were the most common among the numerous microorganisms isolated from rotten grapes. p. expansum produces geosmin on model media but not healthy grape juice. however, geosmin synthesis by p. expansum was demonstrated in grape juice and on crushed grapes that had been pre-cultured with certain b. cinerea strains. 34 out of 156 b. cinerea strains ([bot +] phenotype) isolated ... | 2007 | 17562219 |
| arabidopsis cytochrome p450 monooxygenase 71a13 catalyzes the conversion of indole-3-acetaldoxime in camalexin synthesis. | camalexin (3-thiazol-2-yl-indole) is an indole alkaloid phytoalexin produced by arabidopsis thaliana that is thought to be important for resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens, such as alternaria brassicicola and botrytis cinerea. it is produced from trp, which is converted to indole acetaldoxime (iaox) by the action of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases cyp79b2 and cyp79b3. the remaining biosynthetic steps are unknown except for the last step, which is conversion of dihydrocamalexic acid to ca ... | 2007 | 17573535 |
| resistance to botrytis cinerea in sitiens, an abscisic acid-deficient tomato mutant, involves timely production of hydrogen peroxide and cell wall modifications in the epidermis. | plant defense mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens, such as botrytis cinerea, are considered to be complex and to differ from those that are effective against biotrophs. in the abscisic acid-deficient sitiens tomato (solanum lycopersicum) mutant, which is highly resistant to b. cinerea, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) was earlier and stronger than in the susceptible wild type at the site of infection. in sitiens, h(2)o(2) accumulation was observed from 4 h postinoculation (hpi) ... | 2007 | 17573540 |
| [the screening of interaction factors with bocal and boap1 related to curd formation]. | cal (cauliflower) gene and ap1 (apetala1) gene, which both belong to mads-box transcription factors, are involved in the development of flower apical meristem. in a rabidopsis thaliana, loss of cal and ap1 function at the same time leads to floweral meristems proliferation indeterminately, and the plants display the cauliflower phenotype. but in cauliflower (brasscia oleracea l. var. botrytis), the bobcal single mutant can display the cauliflower phenotype, it is appear that cal and ap1 homolog ... | 2007 | 17580666 |
| positive selection in phytotoxic protein-encoding genes of botrytis species. | evolutionary patterns of sequence divergence were analyzed in genes from the fungal genus botrytis (ascomycota), encoding phytotoxic proteins homologous to a necrosis and ethylene-inducing protein from fusarium oxysporum. fragments of two paralogous genes (designated nep1 and nep2) were amplified from all known botrytis species and sequenced. nep1 sequences of two botrytis species contain premature stop codons, indicating that they may be non-functional. both paralogs of all species encode prote ... | 2007 | 16935013 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship studies for the prediction of antifungal activity of n-arylbenzenesulfonamides against botrytis cinerea. | the botrytis cinerea is one of the most interesting fungal pathogens. it can infect almost every plant and plant part and cause early latent infections which damage the fruit before ripening. the qsar is an alternative method for the research of new and better fungicides against b. cinerea. this paper describes the results of applying a topological sub-structural molecular design (tops-mode) approach for predicting the antifungal activity of 28 n-arylbenzenesulfonamides. the model described 86.1 ... | 2007 | 16782373 |
| occurrence of pathogenic fungal species in tunisian vineyards. | mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi detected in food, such are grapes. ota was evaluated in ten handle musts from different tunisian vineyard. this mycotoxin was found at levels 1.1 mug/l to 4.3 mug/l. a survey was conducted to assess the contamination of the tunisian vineyard with pathogenic fungal species, in particular those responsible of the ota production. the results were evaluated for the first time in parcels cultivated in the north, in the centre and in t ... | 2007 | 17014922 |
| cloning and overexpression of antifungal barley chitinase gene in escherichia coli. | plant chitinases are pathogenesis-related proteins, which are believed to be involved in plant defense responses to pathogen infection. in this study, chitinase gene from barley was cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli. chitinase (35 kda) was isolated and purified. since the protein was produced as insoluble inclusion bodies, the protein was solubilized and refolded. purified chitinase exerted broad-spectrum antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea (blight of tobacco), pestalotia the ... | 2007 | 17029984 |
| rhizobium etli usda9032 engineered to produce a phenazine antibiotic inhibits the growth of fungal pathogens but is impaired in symbiotic performance. | phenazine production was engineered in rhizobium etli usda9032 by the introduction of the phz locus of pseudomonas chlororaphis o6. phenazine-producing r. etli was able to inhibit the growth of botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum in vitro. black bean inoculated with phenazine-producing r. etli produced brownish fix(-) nodules. | 2007 | 17085692 |
| proteomic analysis of phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea as a potential tool for identifying pathogenicity factors, therapeutic targets and for basic research. | botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus causing disease in a substantial number of economically important crops. in an attempt to identify putative fungal virulence factors, the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) protein profile from two b. cinerea strains differing in virulence and toxin production were compared. protein extracts from fungal mycelium obtained by tissue homogenization were analyzed. the mycelial 2-de protein profile revealed the existence of qualitative and quantita ... | 2007 | 17124592 |
| bacisubin, an antifungal protein with ribonuclease and hemagglutinating activities from bacillus subtilis strain b-916. | an antifungal protein, with a molecular mass of 41.9 kda, and designated as bacisubin, was isolated from a culture of bacillus subtilis strain b-916. the isolation procedure consisted of ion exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose fast flow, and fast protein liquid chromatography on phenyl sepharose 6 fast flow and hydroxyapatite columns. the protein was adsorbed on all three chromatographic media. bacisubin exhibited inhibitory activity on mycelial growth in magnaporthe grisease, sclerotinia ... | 2007 | 17129637 |
| three qtls for botrytis cinerea resistance in tomato. | tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is susceptible to grey mold (botrytis cinerea). partial resistance to this fungus was identified in accessions of wild relatives of tomato such as s. habrochaites lyc4. in order to identify loci involved in quantitative resistance (qtls) to b. cinerea, a population of 174 f(2) plants was made originating from a cross between s. lycopersicum cv. moneymaker and s. habrochaites lyc4. the population was genotyped and tested for susceptibility to grey mold using a stem b ... | 2007 | 17136515 |
| influence of carvacrol on survival of botrytis cinerea inoculated in table grapes. | in this paper, the role of carvacrol vapour atmosphere on botrytis cinerea inoculated in pda or in grape berries was studied. four concentrations inside packages were assayed (0.05, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ml l(-1)). all concentrations inhibited totally the growth of b. cinerea in pda, while in berries the reduction of decayed fruits was significantly greater as carvacrol concentration increased. in addition, the fungal growth (area and volume of infection) was also reduced and dependent on carvacrol c ... | 2007 | 17141907 |
| transcriptional activator tsrf1 reversely regulates pathogen resistance and osmotic stress tolerance in tobacco. | increasing evidences show that ethylene-responsive factor (erf) proteins regulate plant stress response and the interaction of different stress responsive pathways through interacting with different cis-acting elements, even other transcription factors. here, we report a transcriptional activator tsrf1, which was previously demonstrated to regulate plant resistance to ralstonia solanacearum, reversely regulates pathogen resistance and osmotic stress tolerance in tobacco. sequence analysis reveal ... | 2007 | 17160455 |
| salicylic acid-mediated innate immunity in arabidopsis is regulated by siz1 sumo e3 ligase. | reversible modifications of target proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) proteins are involved in many cellular processes in yeast and animals. yet little is known about the function of sumoylation in plants. here, we show that the siz1 gene, which encodes an arabidopsis sumo e3 ligase, regulates innate immunity. mutant siz1 plants exhibit constitutive systemic-acquired resistance (sar) characterized by elevated accumulation of salicylic acid (sa), increased expression of pathogenesis ... | 2007 | 17163880 |
| chitin-supplemented foliar application of chitinolytic bacillus cereus reduces severity of botrytis gray mold disease in chickpea under controlled conditions. | to identify and evaluate chitinolytic bacteria for control of botrytis gray mold (bgm), a devastating disease in chickpea. methods and results: two antifungal bacterial isolates, chitinolytic bacillus cereus crs 7 and nonchitinolytic pseudomonas fluorescens crs 31, from the rhizosphere of chickpea, were applied as a prophylactic foliar spray and evaluated for control of bgm. in a controlled environment, the two isolates reduced the severity of bgm on the susceptible cv. jg 62 to 6.0 and 5.6, res ... | 2007 | 17209822 |
| oxaloacetate hydrolase, the c-c bond lyase of oxalate secreting fungi. | oxalate secretion by fungi is known to be associated with fungal pathogenesis. in addition, oxalate toxicity is a concern for the commercial application of fungi in the food and drug industries. although oxalate is generated through several different biochemical pathways, oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (oah)-catalyzed hydrolytic cleavage of oxaloacetate appears to be an especially important route. below, we report the cloning of the botrytis cinerea oaha gene and the demonstration that the disrupt ... | 2007 | 17244616 |
| odorous impact of volatile thiols on the aroma of young botrytized sweet wines: identification and quantification of new sulfanyl alcohols. | specific extraction of volatile thiols using sodium p-hydroxymercuribenzoate revealed the presence of three new sulfanylalcohols in wines made from botrytis-infected grapes: 3-sulfanylpentan-1-ol (ii), 3-sulfanylheptan-1-ol (iii), and 2-methyl-3-sulfanylbutan-1-ol (iv). the first two have citrus aromas, whereas the third is reminiscent of raw onion. in addition, 2-methyl-3-sulfanylpentan-1-ol, which has a raw onion odor, was tentatively identified. like 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (i), already reported ... | 2007 | 17249683 |
| antimicrobial arylcoumarins from asphodelus microcarpus. | a new aryl coumarin glucoside, asphodelin a 4'-o-beta-d-glucoside (1), and its aglycon, asphodelin a (2), were isolated from asphodelus microcarpus. the structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation as 3-(2'-hydroxy-p-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydroxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one (1) and 3-(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydroxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one (2), respectively. these compounds were isolated following bioactivity-directed fractionation, usi ... | 2007 | 17253862 |
| a gain-of-function allele of tpc1 activates oxylipin biogenesis after leaf wounding in arabidopsis. | jasmonates, potent lipid mediators of defense gene expression in plants, are rapidly synthesized in response to wounding. these lipid mediators also stimulate their own production via a positive feedback circuit, which depends on both ja synthesis and ja signaling. to date, molecular components regulating the activation of jasmonate biogenesis and its feedback loop have been poorly characterized. we employed a genetic screen capable of detecting the misregulated activity of 13-lipoxygenase, whic ... | 2007 | 17253984 |
| cuticular defects lead to full immunity to a major plant pathogen. | in addition to its role as a barrier, the cuticle is also a source of signals perceived by invading fungi. cuticular breakdown products have been shown previously to be potent inducers of cutinase or developmental processes in fungal pathogens. here the question was addressed as to whether plants themselves can perceive modifications of the cuticle. this was studied using arabidopsis thaliana plants with altered cuticular structure. the expression of a cell wall-targeted fungal cutinase in a. th ... | 2007 | 17257167 |
| the construction of a solanum habrochaites lyc4 introgression line population and the identification of qtls for resistance to botrytis cinerea. | tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is susceptible to grey mold (botrytis cinerea). partial resistance to this fungus has been identified in accessions of wild relatives of tomato such as solanum habrochaites lyc4. in a previous f(2) mapping study, three qtls conferring resistance to b. cinerea (rbcq1, rbcq2 and rbcq4a) were identified. as it was probable that this study had not identified all qtls involved in resistance we developed an introgression line (il) population (n = 30), each containing a s. ... | 2007 | 17273845 |
| overexpression of pectin methylesterase inhibitors in arabidopsis restricts fungal infection by botrytis cinerea. | pectin, one of the main components of plant cell wall, is secreted in a highly methylesterified form and is demethylesterified in muro by pectin methylesterase (pme). the action of pme is important in plant development and defense and makes pectin susceptible to hydrolysis by enzymes such as endopolygalacturonases. regulation of pme activity by specific protein inhibitors (pmeis) can, therefore, play a role in plant development as well as in defense by influencing the susceptibility of the wall ... | 2007 | 17277091 |
| indole-3-acetic acid enhances the biocontrol of penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea on pear fruit by cryptococcus laurentii. | this study evaluated the efficacy of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) alone or with a biocontrol yeast, cryptococcus laurentii, in the inhibition of blue and gray mold diseases (penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea) on pear fruit. the results demonstrated that a combination of c. laurentii with iaa at 100 microg ml(-1) was more effective in suppressing blue and gray mold infections on pear fruit than application of c. laurentii alone. iaa alone or with c. laurentii stimulated catalase, peroxidase ... | 2007 | 17286561 |