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thirty-year follow-up of patient with gorham disease (massive osteolysis) treated with hip arthroplasty.gorham disease (also known as massive osteolysis or disappearing bone disease) is an exceedingly rare, peculiar entity of uncertain cause and unpredictable prognosis. there is no proven mode of therapy or consensus on treatment. we present 30-year follow-up on a patient successfully treated with resection, total hip arthroplasty, and radiation with no recurrence of disease. our observations in this case suggest that surgical treatment and reconstruction can lead to good long-term function and di ...201120580190
anesthetic management of a pregnant woman with gorham-stout disease.gorham-stout disease is a rare disorder of bone loss and proliferation of lymphatic and vascular tissue (lymphangiomatosis). a 30-year-old nulliparous woman with gorham-stout disease presented at 8weeks of gestation with a fused cervical spine. at 31weeks she developed basilar invagination and neurological symptoms that were managed with a neck brace. anesthetic considerations were those of airway compromise, development of severe preeclampsia and kasabach-merritt coagulopathy. elective tracheos ...201121111606
could local deliver of bisphosphonates be a new therapeutic choice for gorham-stout syndrome?the gorham-stout syndrome is a rare condition in which spontaneous, progressive resorption of bone occurs. even though the prognosis of the condition is generally considered to be good, gorham-stout syndrome can cause severe debilitation. in approximately 13% of recorded cases, death ensues. the treatment modalities for gorham-stout syndrome include surgery, radiation therapy, anti-osteoclastic medications, however there is no known successful treatment. to date, the etiology of gorham-stout syn ...201121044823
spermidine levels are implicated in heavy metal tolerance in a spermidine synthase overexpressing transgenic european pear by exerting antioxidant activities.to verify whether spermidine synthase (spds) can confer long-term multi-heavy metal tolerance, in vitro shoots of a transgenic european pear (pyrus communis l. 'ballad') line #32 overexpressing apple spds (mdspds1), as well as a wild type (wt) line, were subjected to stress using either cdcl(2), pbcl(2), zncl(2), or a combination thereof. based on either shoot height increment or fresh weight and morphological changes upon heavy metal stress, the performance of the transgenic line #32 was better ...201019544002
survey of susceptibility to abamectin of pear psylla (hemiptera: psyllidae) in northern italy.the pear psylla, cacopsylla pyri l. (hemiptera: psyllidae), is a relevant pest of pear, pyrus communis l., trees in emilia-romagna region (northern italy). the susceptibility to the insecticide abamectin was evaluated at different times of the year on c. pyri populations undergoing different control strategies within conventional, integrated, and organic farms. the tests performed were the egg spray and the topic and dip bioassay on adults. the larval mortality was evaluated by dip bioassay on t ...201020568628
gorham-stout syndrome of the petrous apex causing chronic cerebrospinal fluid leak.to describe the clinical course, diagnostic features, and treatment of a case of gorham-stout syndrome involving the petrous apex and causing chronic cerebrospinal fluid (csf) leak.201020502378
cardiovascular images. chylotamponade: an unusual manifestation of gorham-stout syndrome. 201020233864
massive cranial osteolysis, skin changes, growth retardation and developmental delay: gorham syndrome with systemic manifestations?we report on a 16-month-old girl with multiple swellings on her skull due to massive osteolysis, growth retardation, facial anomalies, and wrinkly skin with mosaic hypopigmentation. she also had severe hypercalcemia, which gradually returned to normal levels. the condition likely represents gorham syndrome with systemic manifestations.201020186788
gorham-stout disease of the temporal bone.gorham-stout (gs) disease is a rare disease of the bone and is also known as massive osteolysis. less than 200 cases have been reported in the world literature. a 29-year-old female with a diagnosis of gs disease was identified. she complained of aural fullness and tinnitus bilaterally. demineralization and moth-eaten changes of the osseous structures of the skull base and posterior fossa were prominent. the left mastoid air cells were opacified and erosion extended to the left jugular foramen, ...201020131367
commentary: massive osteolysis or gorham-stout disease. 201020123408
[gorham syndrome, a rare disease...]. 201020087270
use of zoledronic acid in the treatment of gorham's disease.gorham's disease (gorham-stout syndrome) is a rare condition of unknown etiology involving a localized endothelial proliferation of lymph vessels resulting in destruction with bone resorption. the syndrome is rarely seen in the facial skeleton and has a large variety of prognoses and treatments. a case of this syndrome in a 9-year-old boy is presented. the clinical aspects are described, together with the treatment involving zoledronic acid. other treatments described in the literature are revie ...201020074817
conservative treatment of a pathologic fracture in a patient with gorham-stout disease.gorham-stout disease, or massive osteolysis, is an extremely rare idiopathic condition characterized by spontaneous, localized relentless resorption of one or several contiguous bones. there is no known successful treatment. autologous bone graft also resorbs. it is a condition with difficult diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. we report an extreme case of massive osteolysis of the maxillofacial complex. unique to this case is that the patient presented with a mandibular fracture, and was takin ...201020034818
compatible and self-incompatible pollination in pyrus communis displays different polyamine levels and transglutaminase activity.the polyamine (pa) content and the transglutaminase (tgase) activity have been investigated in pyrus communis pollination with compatible and self-incompatible (si) pollen in order to deepen their possible involvement in the progamic phase of plant reproduction. the pa distribution as free, perchloric acid (pca)-soluble and pca-insoluble fractions in ungerminated (ugp), germinating pollen (gp), styles and pollinated styles with compatible and si pollens is discussed in the light of a possible ro ...201020020163
treatment of gorham-stout disease with zoledronic acid and interferon-α: a case report and literature review.gorham-stout disease is a rare disease characterized by osteolysis, angiomatosis, and soft-tissue swelling. it is a diagnosis of exclusion and has an unknown etiology. chylothorax is a common complication of the disease that is associated with a high mortality rate. there is no standard of treatment. we report a case of a 16-year-old female with gorham-stout disease and recurrent pleural effusions who was successfully treated with concurrent zoledronic acid and peg-interferon α-2b.201020962674
mapping of an anthocyanin-regulating myb transcription factor and its expression in red and green pear, pyrus communis.'max red bartlett' is a red bud mutation of the yellow pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivar 'williams' (known as 'bartlett' in north america). anthocyanins are the most important pigments for red colour in fruits. synthesis of anthocyanins is mediated by a number of well-characterized enzymes that include chalcone synthase (chs), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (f3h), dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (dfr), anthocyanidin synthase (ans), and udp-glucose:flavonoid-3-o-glucosyltransferase (ufgt). expression of the ...201020951056
teaching neuroimages: vanishing calvarium in gorham disease. 201020938023
gorham-stout disease.gorham-stout disease is a rare disease of unknown etiology. it is characterized by spontaneous excessive replacement of bone by proliferative non-neoplastic thin-walled lymphatic and/or blood vessels. histology shows positive stain for the lymphatic endothelial marker lyve-1 (lymphatic vascular endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1) and many lymphatic growth factors (pdgf-bb, vegf-c, vegfr-3). patients may present with localized pain and/or weakness and radiographic evidence of massive osteolysis in ...201020727303
a rare cause of dyspnea due to chylothorax.we report the case of an 8-year-old boy who presented to the emergency department of another hospital and was referred to our pediatric intensive care unit with dyspnea and tachypnea of recent onset. the diagnosis of massive chylothorax with mediastinal shift was made on chest radiographs and ct scan. initial investigations revealed no definite cause for the chylothorax. on later radiography and ct imaging with 3d surface rendering, a marked bone loss of the left ribs, clavicle, and shoulder joi ...201020721678
[gorham-stout syndrome (gss) with fulminant aseptic osteonecrosis of the shoulder].we report here a case of the rare gorham-stout syndrome (gss) of the humerus. gss is a disease in the course of which spontaneous idiopathic osteolysis occurs. we describe a case of a 46-year-old business economist who suffered an inadequate trauma and within 3 weeks developed self-limited idiopathic osteolysis of the left humerus head, also affecting the rotator cuff. this could be diagnosed especially on the basis of histopathological findings. hereupon we indicated operative repair by means o ...201020714707
two neutral variants segregating at the gametophytic self-incompatibility locus of european pear (pyrus communis l.) (rosaceae, pyrinae).extensive survey of the s-locus diversity of plant species with rnase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility has failed to identify neutral variation segregating within s-allele specificities. although this is the expected result according to population genetics theory, it conflicts with recent models of s-allele evolution, which suggest that new specificities might arise by a continuous process of subtle changes that individually do not alter the specificity of the s-genes, but whose cumulativ ...201020701704
first report of effective and feasible treatment of multifocal lymphangiomatosis (gorham-stout) with bevacizumab in a child. 201020605931
chronic recurrent gorham-stout syndrome with cutaneous involvement.type iv osteolysis or gorham-stout syndrome is a rare condition characterized by recurrent vascular tumors that disrupt normal anatomical architecture. gorham-stout syndrome is most commonly associated with the skeletal system with resulting replacement of bone with scar tissue following tumor regression. the loss of entire bones has given gorham-stout syndrome the moniker vanishing bone disease. natural progression of gorham-stout syndrome is characterized by spontaneous disease resolution. how ...201021139956
evaluation of several rt-pcr primer pairs for the detection of apple stem pitting virus.detection of apple stem pitting virus (aspv) using rt-pcr based methods was studied in infected apple and pear trees. three virus-specific primers (aspf1cp, aspf2cp, aspr3cp) were designed to target the most conservative regions of the coat protein gene of 10 virus isolates in poland and 7 other aspv sequences available in genbank. the suitability of the primer pairs aspf1cp-aspr3cp and aspf2cp-aspr3cp for detection of 19 virus isolates was checked. both new primer pairs initiated amplification ...201020447421
a new myxosporean species myxobolus sclerii sp. nov. and one known species m. stomum ali et al. 2003 from two indian major carp fishes.the present communication deals with description of one new species of myxobolus (myxozoa: myxosporea: bivalvulida), m. sclerii sp. nov. infecting eye ball of catla catla (hamilton) and redescription of m. stomum infecting scales of labeo rohita (hamilton), two major carps of kanjali and ropar wetlands respectively. spores of m. sclerii sp. nov. measure 7.9-9.5(8.7 ± 1.13) × 4.3-5.7(5 ± 0.98) μm in size. parietal folds absent. polar capsules two, equal and measuring 4-5.4(4.7 ± 0.98) × 1-2.6(1.8 ...201021526031
reduction in bacterial ooze formation on immature fruitlets after preventive treatments of fosethyl-al against fire blight erwinia amylovora.fire blight, caused by the bacterium erwinia amylovora (burill winslow et al.), is a very important bacterial disease on apple and pear orchards with devastating effects in some production area and in some years. fire blight control consists in a whole strategy of measures that should start with control measures in and around the fruit tree nurseries. only the use of vacciplant (laminarin), an inducer of the self-defence mechanism, is registered in belgium since 2009. in other european countries ...201021534464
new remarkable records of microfungi from sardinia (italy).in june 2009 we organized a botanical student excursion to the eastern part of sardinia, italy. on this occasion we were able to collect and identify over 80 species of microfungi growing on higher plants. the collecting sites were spread over a large area, among them were la caletta, capo comino, monte albo, cala gonone, monte maccione, san teodoro, capo testa. the collected microfungi were parasitic or saprophytic; basidiomycotina (uredinales), ascomycotina and deuteromycotina (hyphomycetes, c ...201021534478
immersion of 'coscia' pear fruit in water at 55 degrees c for 60 sec controls penicillium expansum decay and delays ripening during short storage.'coscia' is an early ripening pear with a short postharvest life (1 month) and chemical treatments to prevent decay are generally not undertaken. this, along with the fast deterioration under shelf-life conditions, makes it difficult to contain postharvest moulds. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) has been employed with success to delay ripening and, as a co-effect, the development of decay was contained, but this treatment is not allowed for organically grown crops. here we report the results of an ...201021534485
integrated management of phytoplasma diseases in pome fruit: an overview of efficacy results of ipm insecticides against pear psylla (cacopsylla pyri).phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic mollicutes that cause devastating diseases in various crops worldwide. the closely related pome fruit tree phytoplasmas candidatus phytoplasma mali and candidatus phytoplasma pyri are the causal agents of apple proliferation and pear decline, respectively. they can be transmitted from tree to tree by psyllidae. as pear suckers (cacopsylla pyri) are widely considered to be the most important pest in pear orchards, a good control of this insect vector is a key ele ...201021539243
complete genome sequence of planctomyces limnophilus type strain (mü 290).planctomyces limnophilus hirsch and müller 1986 belongs to the order planctomycetales, which differs from other bacterial taxa by several distinctive features such as internal cell compartmentalization, multiplication by forming buds directly from the spherical, ovoid or pear-shaped mother cell and a cell wall which is stabilized by a proteinaceous layer rather than a peptidoglycan layer. besides pirellula staleyi, this is the second completed genome sequence of the family planctomycetaceae. p. ...201021304691
molecular variability analyses of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus capsid protein.the complete sequences of the coat protein (cp) gene of 26 isolates of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) from india were determined. the isolates were obtained from various pome (apple, pear and quince) and stone (plum, peach, apricot, almond and wild himalayan cherry) fruit trees. other previously characterized aclsv isolates and trichoviruses were used for comparative analysis. indian aclsv isolates among themselves and with isolates from elsewhere in the world shared 91-100% and 70-98% ...201021289443
diversity of the bacterial community in the surface soil of a pear orchard based on 16s rrna gene analysis.a cultivation-independent approach based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified partial small subunit rrna genes was used to characterize bacterial populations in the surface soil of a commercial pear orchard consisting of different pear cultivars during two consecutive growing seasons. pyrus communis l. cvs blanquilla, conference, and williams are among the most widely cultivated cultivars in europe and account for the majority of pear production in northeastern spain. to assess the heter ...201020890846
microfluidic immunosensor with micromagnetic beads coupled to carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (spces) for determination of botrytis cinerea in tissue of fruits.a wide range of plant species, including economically important crops such as vegetables, ornamentals, bulbs, and fundamentally fruits, can be affected by gray mold caused by the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea . this paper describes the development of a microfluidic immunosensor with micromagnetic beads (mmbs) coupled to carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (spces) for the rapid and sensitive quantification of b. cinerea in apple (red delicious), table grape (pink moscatel), and pear (willia ...201020931959
genome sequence of the biocontrol agent pantoea vagans strain c9-1.pantoea vagans is a gram-negative enterobacterial plant epiphyte of a broad range of plants. here we report the 4.89-mb genome sequence of p. vagans strain c9-1 (formerly pantoea agglomerans), which is commercially registered for biological control of fire blight, a disease of pear and apple trees caused by erwinia amylovora.201020952567
differential effect of elicitors on biphenyl and dibenzofuran formation in sorbus aucuparia cell cultures.the rosaceous subtribe pyrinae (formerly subfamily maloideae) is well-known for its economically important fruit trees, such as apple and pear, and also includes sorbus aucuparia. elicitor-treated s. aucuparia cell cultures are used to study the biosynthesis of the pyrinae-specific phytoalexins, biphenyls and dibenzofurans. three biphenyls (aucuparin, noraucuparin, 2'-hydroxyaucuparin) and a dibenzofuran (eriobofuran) were isolated and structure elucidated using gc-ms and nmr. a second dibenzofu ...201020961041
identification of tritrichomonas foetus pseudocysts in fresh preputial secretion samples from bulls.tritrichomonas foetus is a serious veterinary pathogen that causes bovine trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease that eventually leads to abortion and infertility. t. foetus has a simple life cycle that consists of only a trophozoitic form. during unfavorable environmental conditions, the trophozoites, which are polar and flagellated, can adopt a spherical shape and internalize their flagella. these rounded organisms are known as pseudocysts. although it is currently assumed that t. foetu ...201021035271
'candidatus liberibacter europaeus' sp. nov. that is associated with and transmitted by the psyllid cacopsylla pyri apparently behaves as an endophyte rather than a pathogen.'candidatus liberibacter spp.' cause serious plant diseases. 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus', 'ca. l. americanus' and 'ca. l. africanus' are the aetiological agents of citrus greening (huanglongbing) in asia, america and africa. 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' causes diseases in solanaceae in america and new zealand. all four species are vectored by psyllid insects of different genera. here, we show that the pear psyllid pest cacopsylla pyri (l.) hosts a novel liberibacter species tha ...201021040355
selenium accumulation, distribution, and speciation in spineless prickly pear cactus: a drought- and salt-tolerant, selenium-enriched nutraceutical fruit crop for biofortified foods.the organ-specific accumulation, spatial distribution, and chemical speciation of selenium (se) were previously unknown for any species of cactus. we investigated se in opuntia ficus-indica using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, microfocused x-ray fluorescence elemental and chemical mapping (μxrf), se k-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (xanes) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). μxrf showed se concentrated inside small conic, vestigial leaves ...201021059825
complete genome sequence of japanese erwinia strain ejp617, a bacterial shoot blight pathogen of pear.the japanese erwinia strain ejp617 is a plant pathogen that causes bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan. here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain ejp617 isolated from nashi pears in japan to provide further valuable insight among related erwinia species.201021075933
phenotypic and genotypic characterization vibrio cholerae o139 of clinical and aquatic isolates in china.to enhance the understanding of epidemiological impact of environmental vibrio cholerae o139 strains, we characterized 10 clinical and 20 environmental isolates collected from human clinical samples and pear river estuary during 2006 to 2008. isolates were tested by pcr for eight virulence genes: cholera toxin (ctxa), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), hemolysin (hlya), nag-specific heat-stable toxin (st), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa), outer membrane protein (om ...201021079963
multicystic bone disease (gorham-stout syndrome) in a spider monkey (ateles geoffroyi ).in april 2000, a 2.5-year-old pet female geoffroyi's spider monkey presented for reduced activity, a subdued demeanor, and boney enlargement involving both radii.201021158869
insecticidal activity against bemisia tabaci biotype b of peel essential oil of citrus sinensis var. pear and citrus aurantium cultivated in northeast brazil.the fumigant action of peel essential oils of citrus sinensis var. pear (pear orange = po) and c. aurantium (bitter orange = bo) from the northeast of brazil were evaluated against bemisia tabaci biotype b and compared with eugenol as a positive control. the oil concentration in the po at 8.5 microl/l of air caused 97% mortality, while the oil concentration of bo at 9.5 microl/l of air caused 99% mortality. however, the lc50 estimates for both oils (lc50 = 3.80 microl/l of air for po and lc50 = ...201021213990
control of fire blight by pseudomonas fluorescens a506 and pantoea vagans c9-1 applied as single strains and mixed inocula.the biological control agents pseudomonas fluorescens a506 and pantoea vagans c9-1 were evaluated individually and in combination for the suppression of fire blight of pear or apple in 10 field trials inoculated with the pathogen erwinia amylovora. the formulation of pathogen inoculum applied to blossoms influenced establishment of the pathogen and the efficacy of biological control. pantoea vagans c9-1 suppressed fire blight in all five trials in which the pathogen was applied as lyophilized ce ...201020839963
[relationship between ige antibodies to recombinant allergens rbet v 1 and rbet v 2 and food causing oral allergy syndrome in cases of birch-pollen allergy].persons allergic to birch pollen often report oral and pharyngeal hypersensitivity to fruit and vegetables, such as apples and peaches due to immunological cross-reactivity, or oral allergy syndrome (oas) sometimes accompanied by systemic reaction. such cross-reactive antigen reactions involve bet v 1, the main birch-pollen allergen, and bet v 2, birch-pollen profilin. we evaluated the food/antigen relationship.201020845708
[hypoglycemic effect of extracts of cactus pear fruit polysaccharide in rats].to study the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of the extracts of cactus pear fruit polysaccharide (cpfp) in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (stz).201020575420
inhibitory effects of antioxidant reagent in reactive oxygen species generation and penetration of appressoria of alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype.in the japanese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata, h2o2 is generated solely from penetration pegs and not from other portions of subcuticular hyphae within the pectin layers of host leaves. a close association between h2o2 generation and fungal aggressiveness is expected because the pegs are important for fungal penetration into the host epidermis. to determine the potential role of reactive oxygen species in microbial pathogenicity, we studied the inhibitory effects of the antioxidant reag ...201020701480
cornelian cherry (cornus mas l.) juices as a source of minerals in human diet.the aim of this study was to determine the mineral content of cornelian cherry (cornus mas l.), as this fruit and its preservatives may be considered as important nutritional supplements. potassium (k), calcium (ca), sodium (na), iron (fe), zinc (zn), manganese (mn), and copper (cu) were present in cornelian cherry juice as measured by atomic absorption. compared to other juices obtained from plum, pear, and apple, cornelian cherry juice contained high levels of ca, reaching 10-fold higher (323 ...201020706938
sensory profile of a model energy drink with varying levels of functional ingredients-caffeine, ginseng, and taurine.energy drinks have increased in popularity in recent years due to the claimed energy boost provided by functional ingredients. a multitude of functional ingredients have been utilized; however, there is limited research on their sensory effects in energy drink formulations. a 13-member descriptive analysis panel was conducted to investigate the effects on the sensory and rheological properties of 3 common functional ingredients-caffeine, ginseng, and taurine-in a noncarbonated model energy drink ...201020722948
host range, biological variation, and phylogenetic diversity of eutypa lata in california.the objectives of this study were to investigate the host range of eutypa lata in the major grape-growing regions in california and to analyze the phenotypic variation and phylogenetic diversity of e. lata isolates. perithecia of e. lata were found on grapevines, in apricot, almond, cherry, apple, and pear tree orchards, and on ornamentals (oleander) and native plant species (california buckeye, big leaf maple, and willow). multigene phylogenies of ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer, β-tu ...201020839940
genome comparison of the epiphytic bacteria erwinia billingiae and e. tasmaniensis with the pear pathogen e. pyrifoliae.the genus erwinia includes plant-associated pathogenic and non-pathogenic enterobacteria. important pathogens such as erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight and e. pyrifoliae causing bacterial shoot blight of pear in asia belong to this genus. the species e. tasmaniensis and e. billingiae are epiphytic bacteria and may represent antagonists for biocontrol of fire blight. the presence of genes that are putatively involved in virulence in e. amylovora and e. pyrifoliae is of special ...201020565991
a panel of real-time pcr assays for specific detection of three phytoplasmas from the apple proliferation group.we report here on the development of combination of assays for fast, reliable, specific and sensitive detection and discrimination of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali', 'ca. p. prunorum' and 'ca. p. pyri' from the 16sr-x (apple proliferation - ap) group. these phytoplasmas are causal agents of diseases of fruit trees within the family rosaceae, namely apple proliferation (ap), european stone fruit yellows (esfy) and pear decline (pd). the designed panel of assays uses taqman minor groove binder prob ...201020600822
morphological, pathological and molecular variability in botryodiplodia theobromae (botryosphaeriaceae) isolates associated with die-back and bark canker of pear trees in punjab, india.thirteen isolates of botryodiplodia theobromae collected from pear varieties grown in various regions of punjab were studied for morphological, pathological and molecular characterization. the mycelial growth of b. theobromae isolates was classified as fluffy or depressed, uniform to irregular and cottony white turning to black. colony growth rate varied from 19.1 to 24.9 mm per day. pycnidia were produced either on the edge, centered or scattered on petri dishes after 20 to 34 days of incubatio ...201020603807
some factors influencing patulin production by penicillium expansum in pome fruits.the objective of our study was to examine the effects of penicillium expansum on patulin production in relation to isolates, species and cultivar type, incidence and severity of decay. in addition, patulin production at different incubation times and its diffusion were also investigated. these factors were evaluated in pome fruits inoculated with p. expansum and kept at 20 °c for short periods of time.201020623709
detection of babesia vogeli in stray cats of metropolitan bangkok, thailand.the combination of a rapidly growing stray animal population and the lack of animal control in bangkok has resulted in a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential role of companion animals as sentinels and reservoirs of infectious diseases, including several of those caused by vector-borne parasites. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the distribution of babesia species infections among stray cats in bangkok. blood samples were collected from ...201020638794
detection of european mountain ash ringspot-associated virus-specific rna and protein p3 in the pear leaf blister mite phytoptus pyri (eriophyidae).the means by which european mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (emarav), a minus-strand ssrna virus and the type member of the genus emaravirus, is naturally spread, is unknown. in attempts to identify an emarav vector, galls induced by the eriophyid mite phytoptus pyri were frequently found on infected leaves. by immunofluorescence microscopy, the presence of emarav nucleocapsid protein p3 was demonstrated in p. pyri individuals collected from diseased plants. furthermore, rt-pcr analysis o ...201020401694
determination of the folate content in cladodes of nopal (opuntia ficus indica) by microbiological assay utilizing lactobacillus casei (atcc 7469) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.prickly pear cactus has been an important food source in mexico since ancient times due to its economical and ecological benefits and potential nutraceutical value. nevertheless, studies on the nutritional aspects and health benefits have been scarce. the purpose of this study was to assess, apparently for the first time, the folate contents of cladodes of nopal by a microbiological assay, using lactobacillus casei (atcc 7469) in extracts that were enzymatically treated to release the bound vita ...201020441169
blood parasites of mound-building mouse, mus spicilegus petényi, 1882 (mammalia, rodentia).mound-building mice, mus spicilegus, were studied for the blood parasites in eastern slovakia, vicinity kechnec village near kosice town (kosická kotlina basin, 21 degrees 14' e, 48 degrees 33' n) during years 2002-2005. overall, 251 specimens were examined. the parasites were detected using microhematokrit centrifugation technique and on the giemsa's method stained blood smears and light microscopy. the parasites were found in 3.57% of specimens; 1.20% of mice were infected with bartonella sp., ...201020450010
virulence characteristics accounting for fire blight disease severity in apple trees and seedlings.the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, the most destructive bacterial disease of rosaceous plants, including apple and pear. here, we compared the virulence levels of six e. amylovora strains (ea273, cfbp1367, ea581a, e2002a, e4001a, and hkn06p1) on apple trees and seedlings. the strains produced a range of disease severity, with hkn06p1 producing the greatest disease severity in every assay. we then compared virulence characteristic expression among th ...201020465409
contribution of peroxisomes to secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in the fungal plant pathogen alternaria alternata.the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata includes seven pathogenic variants (pathotypes) which produce different host-selective toxins and cause diseases on different plants. the japanese pear pathotype produces the host-selective ak-toxin, an epoxy-decatrienoic acid ester, and causes black spot of japanese pear. previously, we identified four genes, akt1, akt2, akt3, and aktr, involved in ak toxin biosynthesis. akt1, akt2, and akt3 encode enzyme proteins with peroxisomal targeting signal typ ...201020348386
mice drinking goji berry juice (lycium barbarum) are protected from uv radiation-induced skin damage via antioxidant pathways.the goji berry, lycium barbarum, has long been recognised in traditional chinese medicine for various therapeutic properties based on its antioxidant and immune-modulating effects. this study describes the potential for orally consumed goji berry juice to alter the photodamage induced in the skin of mice by acute solar simulated uv (ssuv) irradiation. in skh:hr-1 hairless mice, 5% goji berry juice significantly reduced the inflammatory oedema of the sunburn reaction. dilutions of goji berry juic ...201020354657
inhibition of the mechanical activity of mouse ileum by cactus pear (opuntia ficus indica, l, mill.) fruit extract and its pigment indicaxanthin.we investigated, using an organ bath technique, the effects of a hydrophilic extract from opuntia ficus indica fruit pulp (cactus fruit extract, cfe) on the motility of mouse ileum, and researched the extract component(s) responsible for the observed responses. cfe (10-320 mg of fresh fruit pulp equivalents/ml of organ bath) reduced dose-dependently the spontaneous contractions. this effect was unaffected by tetrodotoxin, a neuronal blocker, n(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide ...201020518499
transcriptional studies of the hrpm/opgh gene in pseudomonas syringae during biofilm formation and in response to different environmental challenges.pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain ff5 is a phytopathogen that causes a rapid dieback on ornamental pear trees. in the present study, the transcriptional expression of hrpm/opgh, algd, hrpr and rpod was evaluated in p. syringae ff5 and ff5.m2 (hrpm/opgh mutant). the temporal expression of these genes was evaluated during biofilm formation, the hypersensitive reaction (hr) on tobacco plants, and when the bacteria were subjected to different environmental stresses. the results indicate that ...201020132277
structure of sterol aliphatic chains affects yeast cell shape and cell fusion during mating.under mating conditions, yeast cells adopt a characteristic pear-shaped morphology, called a "shmoo," as they project a cell extension toward their mating partners. mating partners make contact at their shmoo tips, dissolve the intervening cell wall, and fuse their plasma membranes. we identified mutations in erg4, encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of ergosterol biosynthesis, that impair both shmoo formation and cell fusion. upon pheromone treatment, erg4delta mutants polarized gr ...201020150508
prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing jerusalem artichoke inulin: a human intervention study.the present study aimed to determine the prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing inulin derived from jerusalem artichoke (ja). a three-arm parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out with sixty-six healthy human volunteers (thirty-three men and thirty-three women, age range: 18-50 years). subjects were randomised into three groups (n 22) assigned to consume either the test shots, pear-carrot-sea buckthorn (pcs) or plum-pear-beetroot (ppb), containing ja inul ...201020187995
application of a potentiometric sensor array as a technique in sensory analysis.this paper reports on the application of a potentiometric sensor array used for monitoring changes in probiotic fermented milk during storage, classification of probiotic fermented milk according to flavor and to accurately predict the results from a human sensory panel. for that purpose the potentiometric electronic tongue consisting of seven sensors and an ag/agcl reference electrode was used. the samples of plain, strawberry, apple-pear and forest-fruit probiotic fermented milk were stored du ...201020188937
complete genome sequence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora cfbp 1430 and comparison to other erwinia spp.fire blight, caused by the enterobacterium erwinia amylovora, is a devastating disease of rosaceous plants that has global economic importance for apple and pear production and trade. the complete genome of e. amylovora cfbp 1430 was sequenced, annotated, and compared with the genomes of other erwinia spp. several singleton and shared features of the e. amylovora cfbp 1430 genome were identified that offer a first view into evolutionary aspects within the genus erwinia. comparative genomics iden ...201020192826
selection of a biocontrol agent based on a potential mechanism of action: degradation of nicotinic acid, a growth factor essential for erwinia amylovora.this work describes a medium-based screening method for selecting microbial biocontrol agents against erwinia amylovora based on the degradation of a specific growth factor. erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the devastating fire blight disease, requires nicotinic acid or nicotinamide as an essential growth factor. potential biocontrol agents are either selected for antimicrobial production in plate or directly on immature pears or apple blossoms. in this work, we have attempted to streamlin ...201021404214
[research advances in the effects of host plant volatiles on cydia pomonella behaviors and the application of the volatiles in pest control].codling moth (cydia pomonella) is a worldwide pest of stone fruit trees, and an important quarantine target in china. its occurrence, damage, and potential expansion in this country should be seriously concerned. host plant volatiles, the species-specific attractants of c. pomonella, have attracted extensive attention. this paper reviewed the researches on the interactions between host plant source volatiles and c. pomonella, with the focus on the effects of the volatiles on the behaviors of c. ...201021265171
exposure to methoxyfenozide-treated surfaces reduces the responsiveness of adult male codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) to codlemone and pear ester lures in a wind tunnel.the responsiveness of male codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), exposed to surfaces treated with the ecdysteroid agonist methoxyfenozide, toward lures loaded with the synthetic sex pheromone codlemone and/or the pear ester kairomone were investigated in wind tunnel experiments. five different kinds of commercially available codling moth monitoring lures (obtained from tr6c6 inc., adair, ok) were used in the bioassay: pherocon cm standard lure (loaded with 1 mg of codlem ...201021061970
comparison of lures loaded with codlemone and pear ester for capturing codling moths, cydia pomonella, in apple and pear orchards using mating disruption.abstract studies were conducted in apple, malus domestica borkhausen and pear, pyrus communis l. (rosales: rosaceae), orchards to evaluate the attractiveness of grey halobutyl septa loaded with 1 (l2) and 10 (mega) mg of codlemone, 8e, 10e-dodecadien-1-ol, 3 mg of pear ester, ethyl (e,z)-2,4-decadienoate (da2313), and 3 mg of pear ester plus 3 mg of codlemone (combo) to adult codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae). all studies were conducted in orchards treated with pherom ...201020883133
improved monitoring of female codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) with pear ester plus acetic acid in sex pheromone-treated orchards.the performance of clear delta traps baited with 3.0 mg of pear ester, ethyl (e,z)-2,4-decadienoate, and 5.0 ml of acetic acid in separate lures was compared with orange delta traps baited with a single lure containing 3.0 mg of both pear ester and the sex pheromone, (e,e)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), in apple, malus domestica (borkhausen). residual analyses and field tests demonstrated that both the pear ester and acetic acid lures were effective for ...201022127179
characterization of microencapsulated pear ester, (2e,4z)-ethyl-2,4-decadienoate, a kairomonal spray adjuvant against neonate codling moth larvae.codling moth (cm), cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae), is the key pest of apples, pears, and walnuts worldwide. the pear-derived kairomone, ethyl (2e,4z)-2,4-decadienoate, the pear ester (pe), evokes attraction and arrestment of cm larvae. microencapsulated pe formulation (pe-mec) enhances the control efficacy of insecticides when used as a spray adjuvant. characterization of the microencapsulated kairomone, including microcapsule size, concentrations, emission rates, and larval response ...201020527813
increased catch of female codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in kairomone-baited clear delta traps.the relative performance of a clear delta trap baited with individual or combination sex pheromone and kairomone lures for codling moth, cydia pomonella l., was evaluated against three vertical clear pane and colored delta traps in field trials within apple, malus domestica (borkhausen). the clear caught significantly more moths of each sex than an orange delta trap when baited with ethyl (e,z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) and acetic acid (pe+aa) and performed similarly to oil-coated pane traps ...201020388291
oxidative stress and senescence-like status of pear calli co-cultured on suspensions of incompatible quince microcalli.this work presents a simple in vitro system to study physiological, biochemical and molecular changes occurring in a pear callus (pyrus communis l., cv. beurré bosc) grown in close proximity to spatially separated undifferentiated homologous (pear) or heterologous (quince; cydonia oblonga mill., east malling clone c) cells in its neighboring environment. after a 7-day co-culture period, the presence of heterologous cells produced negative effects on the pear callus, whose relative weight increas ...201020190345
diuretic and antioxidant effects of cacti-nea, a dehydrated water extract from prickly pear fruit, in rats.dehydrated extract of the prickly pear fruit opuntia ficus indica, cacti-nea, was evaluated for its chronic diuretic and antioxidant effects in wistar rats. cacti-nea was orally administered daily for seven days at the dose of 240 mg/kg/day. a positive group was orally treated with hydrochlorothiazide at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day and a control group with vehicle. daily measurements of body weight, urine volume, and concentration of sodium, potassium and uric acid in urine were performed for each ...201019777503
clostridium arbusti sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from pear orchard soil.an obligately anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterial strain, designated sl206(t), was isolated from pear orchard soils. strain sl206(t) cells were straight or slightly curved rods, with motility by peritrichate flagella. cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; wall sugars were glucose, rhamnose and mannose. the major fatty acids were c(16 : 0), c(18 : 1)omega9c and summed feature 10 (containing c(18 : 1)omega11c/9t/6t). api 20a reactions were negative for oxidase, catalase and ...201019915114
plasma vegf determination in disseminated lymphangiomatosis-gorham-stout syndrome: a marker of activity? a case report with a 5-year follow-up.disseminated lymphangiomatosis and gorham-stout disease are being considered as two forms of a single rare disease, characterized by a proliferation of lymphatic vessels, triggered by lymphangiogenic factors. there is no biological marker of the disease. plasma vegf might be a useful tool since the recent demonstration of its pivotal role in the mechanism of this disease. a 45-year-old woman with a history of disseminated lymphangiomatosis involving mediastinum, retroperitoneum, spleen and syste ...201019931435
purification and biochemical characterization of polygalacturonase produced by penicillium expansum during postharvest decay of 'anjou' pear.a polygalacturonase (pg) was extracted and purified from decayed tissue of 'anjou' pear fruit inoculated with penicillium expansum. ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and cation exchange chromatography were used to purify the enzyme. both chromatographic methods revealed a single peak corresponding to pg activity. pg enzyme activity from healthy and wounded pear tissue was undetectable, which supports the claim that the purified pg is of fungal origin. the purified enzyme had a mole ...201019968548
gorham-stout syndrome: a rare clinical entity and review of literature.gorham-stout syndrome is a very rare bone condition of unknown etiology. it is characterized by the spontaneous onset of bone resorption. bones that previously appeared normal begin to resorb, partially or completely. sometimes only a thin shell of cortical bone remains, and there is usually a little replacement by fibrous tissue. this process can continue for years but may stop spontaneously. bone loss can occur in one bone or spread to soft tissue and adjacent bones. although the disease may s ...201019969488
proteomic analysis of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler responds to cos fumigation.carbonyl sulfide (cos) is a new fumigant which has been a potential alternative to methyl bromide and phosphine in many applications. in this study, we investigated the fungitoxicity of cos towards the pathogen of pear black spot disease alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler (a. alternata). moreover, proteomic analysis and rt-pcr was performed and our results showed that during the fumigation, the regulation of 21 proteins in protein expression and mrna accumulation levels is involved, which respo ...201020036892
paramphistomum cervi: surface topography of the tegument of adult fluke.adult paramphistomum cervi or rumen fluke are pear-shaped, slightly concave ventrally and convex dorsally. the worm measures about 5-13 mm in length and 2-5 mm in width across the mid-section. as observed by scanning electron microscopy (sem), the tegumental surface in all part of the body, appears highly corrugated with transverse folds alternating with grooves and is spineless. at high magnification, the surface of the fold is composed of microfolds or ridges separated by microgrooves or pits. ...201020045698
identification of genes differentially expressed during interaction of resistant and susceptible apple cultivars (malus x domestica) with erwinia amylovora.the necrogenic enterobacterium, erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of the fire blight (fb) disease in many rosaceae species, including apple and pear. during the infection process, the bacteria induce an oxidative stress response with kinetics similar to those induced in an incompatible bacteria-plant interaction. no resistance mechanism to e. amylovora in host plants has yet been characterized, recent work has identified some molecular events which occur in resistant and/or susceptible host ...201020047654
complete genome sequence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae dsm 12163t and comparative genomic insights into plant pathogenicity.erwinia pyrifoliae is a newly described necrotrophic pathogen, which causes fire blight on asian (nashi) pear and is geographically restricted to eastern asia. relatively little is known about its genetics compared to the closely related main fire blight pathogen e. amylovora.201020047678
complete genome sequence of the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora strain atcc 49946.erwinia amylovora causes the economically important disease fire blight that affects rosaceous plants, especially pear and apple. here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of strain atcc 49946. the analysis of the sequence and its comparison with sequenced genomes of closely related enterobacteria revealed signs of pathoadaptation to rosaceous hosts.201020118253
food allergy due to olive.we report the case of a 28-year-old man who presented palatal itching and genaralized urticaria following ingestion of olive 3 years after being diagnosed with olive pollinosis. the patient did not have a history of food allergy or urticaria. the results of skin prick tests with aeroallergens including latex were positive for house dust mite and olive pollen. the results of prick tests and prick-to-prick tests for olive fruit were positive, as were those of specific immunoglobulin e tests to oli ...200920128426
[cystoscopy in a heifer with rupture of a patent urachus].this case report describes the clinical, ultrasonographic and cystoscopic findings and treatment in a two-year-old swiss braunvieh heifer with rupture of a patent urachus. the lead signs in the seven-month-pregnant heifer were markedly abnormal general condition and demeanour and a pear-shaped abdomen. the heifer had severe azotaemia, and abdominal ultrasonography revealed ascites, which was diagnosed as uroperitoneum based on an elevated creatinine level in the fluid. a patent urachus was ident ...200919885799
quantitative detection of pear-pathogenic stemphylium vesicarium in orchards.abstract isolates of stemphylium vesicarium causing brown spot of pear can be distinguished from nonpathogenic isolates of s. vesicarium from pear or from other hosts on the basis of distinctive amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting profiles. dna fragments specific for isolates pathogenic to pear were identified and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed on the sequence from one of these specific dna loci. this taqman pcr has a high sensitivity with a dynami ...200919900004
temperature-dependent emergence of osmia cornifrons (hymenoptera: megachilidae) adults.japanese hornfaced bees osmia cornifrons (radoszkowski) (hymenoptera: megachilidae) are used for pollination of spring blooming fruit crops such as apple, pear, and blueberry. because o. cornifrons has a short adult life span, synchronization of bee emergence with bloom is critical to maximize crop pollination. this study was conducted to determine lower temperature thresholds (ltds), optimum temperatures, and required degree-day accumulation for emergence of o. cornifrons adults. patterns of te ...200920069827
determination and confirmation of nicotinic acid and its analogues and derivates in pear and apple blossoms using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, a serious disease of apple and pear. the bacterial pathogen colonizes the flower stigma and hypanthium, where it multiplies and then invades through natural openings (nectarthodes). e. amylovora requires nicotinic acid as growth factor, and competition for nicotinic acid is being explored as a novel biocontrol strategy. the ability of e. amylovora to substitute nicotinic acid with analogues or derivates as growth factors has not been investigated yet. furthe ...200919835358
function of genes encoding acyl-coa synthetase and enoyl-coa hydratase for host-selective act-toxin biosynthesis in the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata.the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata produces host-selective act-toxin and causes alternaria brown spot disease. sequence analysis of a genomic cosmid clone identified a part of the actt gene cluster and implicated two genes, actt5 encoding an acyl-coa synthetase and actt6 encoding an enoyl-coa hydratase, in the biosynthesis of act-toxin. genomic southern blots demonstrated that both genes were present in tangerine pathotype isolates producing act-toxin and also in japanese pear patho ...200919271978
erwinia amylovora: modern methods for detection and differentiation.erwinia amylovora is the causative agent of fire blight, a very destructive disease of numerous members of the rosaceae. the primary route of infection for host species, including commercially grown apple and pear, is the newly opened blossom. susceptibility of flowers to infection for only a few days creates narrow window for infection. not surprisingly, the risk of disease is related to e. amylovora population size. as a result, methods that supply quick, accurate and sensitive quantification ...200919301751
population structure of potebniamyces pyri in the u.s. pacific northwest and evidence of outcrossing inferred with sequence-characterized amplified region markers.potebniamyces pyri is the cause of phacidiopycnis rot of d'anjou pear, which is grown primarily in washington and oregon. to estimate the population structure of p. pyri, 146 single-spore isolates were sampled from five major pear-production areas and scored for variation at eight sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) loci. significant genetic differentiation was detected among five subpopulations and a total of 54 multilocus genotypes were identified, with significant genotypic diversi ...200919351249
specific detection and quantification of the phytopathogenic agent 'candidatus phytoplasma prunorum'.'candidatus phytoplasma prunorum' is a wall-less bacterium associated with european stone fruit yellows (esfy), a severe disease of prunus spp. (mainly apricot and japanese plum trees). it can be spread by one insect vector, cacopsylla pruni, and by the trade of infected material. the availability of pcr-based methods allowing a sensitive and specific detection of 'ca. p. prunorum' is crucial for this phytoplasma because, at present, it is uncultured and cannot be detected serologically. we deve ...200919401232
a familial case of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type i.trichorhinophalangeal type i (trps i) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by variable clinical expression of sparse and slow-growing hair, pear-shaped nose, elongated philtrum, and bone deformities, including cone-shaped epiphyses of the phalanges and short stature. we describe three members of a family who consulted us because of slow-growing scalp hair with craniofacial and radiological features typical of trps i.200919419465
fine structure of the bird parasites trichomonas gallinae and tetratrichomonas gallinarum from cultures.the trophozoites of trichomonas gallinae and tetratrichomonas gallinarum were studied by means of light and electron microscopy after cloning and cultivating them axenically. t. gallinae trophozoites varied in shape reaching from ovoidal to pyriform and had a size of about 7-11 microm. they were provided with four free flagella and a fifth recurrent one, which did not become free at the posterior pole. the nucleus was ovoid, had a size of about 2.5-3 microm, and was situated closely below the ba ...200919421777
first report on the presence of fire blight resistance in linkage group 11 of pyrus ussuriensis maxim.fire blight, caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora (burrill) winslow et al., is a dangerous disease of pome fruits, including pear. a pear breeding program for fire blight resistance was initiated in 2003 at the department of pomology, warsaw university of life sciences, poland. since several asian species are considered to be potential sources of resistance to fire blight, the susceptible pyrus communis 'doyenne du comice' was crossed with the resistant p. ussuriensis. the f1 ...200919433906
stress tolerance and environmental fitness of pseudomonas fluorescens a506, which has a mutation in rpos.establishment of suppressive populations of bacterial biological control agents on aerial plant surfaces is a critical phase in biologically based management of floral diseases. periodically, biocontrol agents encounter inhospitable conditions for growth on plants; consequently, tolerance of environmental stresses may contribute to their fitness. in many gram-negative bacteria, including strains of pseudomonas spp., the capacity to survive environmental stresses is influenced by the stationary p ...200919453226
role of rpos in stress tolerance and environmental fitness of the phyllosphere bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens strain 122.bacteria living epiphytically on aerial plant surfaces encounter severe and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions, and their capacity to withstand environmental stress contributes to epiphytic fitness. the stationary phase sigma factor rpos is a key determinant in stress response of gram-negative bacteria, including pseudomonas spp. this study focused on the role of rpos in stress response and epiphytic fitness of pseudomonas fluorescens strain 122 on aerial plant surfaces. rpos had a sig ...200919453227
systems level analysis of two-component signal transduction systems in erwinia amylovora: role in virulence, regulation of amylovoran biosynthesis and swarming motility.two-component signal transduction systems (tcsts), consisting of a histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr), represent a major paradigm for signal transduction in prokaryotes. tcsts play critical roles in sensing and responding to environmental conditions, and in bacterial pathogenesis. most tcsts in erwinia amylovora have either not been identified or have not yet been studied.200919470164
mycobased synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into sodium alginate films for vegetable and fruit preservation.biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using trichoderma viride and their incorporation into sodium alginate for vegetable and fruit preservation has been demonstrated in this study. aqueous silver (ag(+)) ions when exposed to the filtrate of t. viride are reduced in solution. these extremely stable silver nanoparticles were characterized by means of uv-vis spectrophotometer, ftir, tem, and eds. the nanoparticles exhibit maximum absorbance at 421 nm in the uv spectrum. the presence of proteins was ...200919552418
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