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empiric antibiotics are justified for infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection presenting with respiratory failure: a prospective study and evidence review.although some studies indicate a low risk of serious bacterial infection in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), these studies focused on patients who did not progress to respiratory failure. we hypothesized the composite diagnosis of concomitant bacterial pneumonia (cbp) is common in lower risk infants with rsv who present in respiratory failure. the aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of cbp in low-risk infants mechanically ventilated for rsv respiratory failure and to ...201019838143
respiratory syncytial virus infection of camels (camelus dromedaries).this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in camels in sudan. a total of 272 camel lung specimens showing pneumonia were collected from slaughter houses at four different areas in sudan, additionally 8 specimens were collected from outbreaks of respiratory infection in camels. using sandwich elisa kits for rsv antigen detection 4 out of 280 tested lungs (1.4%) were positive, all were from central sudan (tambool slaughter house). fat was used t ...201019840769
the requirement for cellular transportin 3 (tnpo3 or trn-sr2) during infection maps to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid and not integrase.recent genome-wide screens have highlighted an important role for transportin 3 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection and preintegration complex (pic) nuclear import. moreover, hiv-1 integrase interacted with recombinant transportin 3 protein under conditions whereby moloney murine leukemia virus (mlv) integrase failed to do so, suggesting that integrase-transportin 3 interactions might underscore active retroviral pic nuclear import. here we correlate infectivity defects in t ...201019846519
haplotype of il-8 -251t and 781c is associated with the susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus.to study the association of haplotypes of il-8 -251t/a and 781 c/t single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) with the susceptibility of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).201019887538
newcastle disease virus-like particles containing respiratory syncytial virus g protein induced protection in balb/c mice, with no evidence of immunopathology.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of serious respiratory infections in children as well as a serious cause of disease in elderly and immunosuppressed populations. there are no licensed vaccines available to prevent rsv disease. we have developed a virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine candidate for protection from rsv. the vlp is composed of the np and m proteins of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and a chimeric protein containing the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of the n ...201019889768
vaccination to induce antibodies blocking the cx3c-cx3cr1 interaction of respiratory syncytial virus g protein reduces pulmonary inflammation and virus replication in mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes substantial morbidity and some deaths in the young and elderly worldwide. there is no safe and effective vaccine available, although it is possible to reduce the hospitalization rate for high-risk children by anti-rsv antibody prophylaxis. rsv has been shown to modify the immune response to infection, a feature linked in part to rsv g protein cx3c chemokine mimicry. this study determined if vaccination with g protein polypeptides or peptides spa ...201019864390
intranasal immunization of mice with a bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine induces superior immunity and protection compared to those by subcutaneous delivery or combinations of intranasal and subcutaneous prime-boost strategies.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infects cells of the respiratory mucosa, so it is desirable to develop a vaccination strategy that induces mucosal immunity. to achieve this, various delivery routes were compared for formalin-inactivated (fi) brsv formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) and polyphosphazene (pp). intranasal delivery of the fi-brsv formulation was superior to subcutaneous delivery in terms of antibody, cell-mediated, and mucosal immune responses, as well as reducti ...201019864487
high incidence of recurrent wheeze in children with down syndrome with and without previous respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is associated with the subsequent development of recurrent wheeze. in a recent study, we found a high incidence (9.9%) of hospitalization for rsv-induced lrti among children with down syndrome (ds), indicating ds as a new risk factor for rsv-induced lrti. in the current study we aimed to investigate the development of long-term airway morbidity in children with ds after hospitalization for rsv-induced lrti.201019907362
surfactant protein a2 polymorphisms and disease severity in a respiratory syncytial virus-infected population.to examine whether genetic variations within the surfactant protein a2 (sp-a2) gene are associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease severity in infected children.201019914637
[epidemiological and clinical description of human metapneumovirus infectious diseases in children].human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a recently identified respiratory virus, is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection in children during winter. the aims of this study were to outline epidemiological and clinical presentations of hmpv infectious diseases in young children.201019932012
impact of palivizumab on rsv hospitalizations for children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease.the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of palivizumab prophylaxis on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalizations among children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (chd). in 2003, the american academy of pediatrics (aap) revised the bronchiolitis policy statement and recommended the use of palivizumab in children <24 months old with hemodynamically significant chd (hs-chd). california statewide hospital discharge data from years 2000-2002 (pre-aap pol ...201019915892
elevated temperature triggers human respiratory syncytial virus f protein six-helix bundle formation.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. the rsv fusion (f) protein mediates fusion of the viral envelope with the target cell membrane during virus entry and is a primary target for antiviral drug and vaccine development. the f protein contains two heptad repeat regions, hr1 and hr2. peptides corresponding to these regions form a six-helix bundle structure that is thought to play ...201019922971
sole pathogen in acute bronchiolitis: is there a role for other organisms apart from respiratory syncytial virus?acute bronchiolitis (ab) is a common disease of young children with peak incidence during the winter season. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major causative organism, yet recent relatively small sized studies have suggested an increased role of other organisms as sole or codetected organisms. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sole- and mixed-organisms infections in hospitalized children with ab, using combined antigen-based and polymerase chain reaction assays (pcr).201019935450
clinical presentation and severity of viral community-acquired pneumonia in young nepalese children.most deaths from pneumonia in children <5 years of age occur in developing countries, where information about the clinical impact and severity of viral causes of respiratory infections is limited.201019935451
respiratory syncytial virus infections in central australia.little is known about the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in arid desert regions and in the aboriginal population. we describe the seasonality and epidemiology of rsv infection in central australia, an arid area with a large aboriginal population.201019943864
ki polyomavirus detected in respiratory tract specimens from patients in st. louis, missouri.studies have reported the presence of ki polyomavirus (kipyv) and wu polyomavirus (wupyv) in respiratory secretions of young patients. so far, evidence has not supported a link between infections with either virus and respiratory tract disease; however, there has not been a large comparison of kipyv-infected patients to age-matched patient groups.201019949359
development of a rapid automated influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus a/b multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay and its use during the 2009 h1n1 swine-origin influenza virus epidemic in milwaukee, wisconsin.rapid, semiautomated, and fully automated multiplex real-time rt-pcr assays were developed and validated for the detection of influenza (flu) a, flu b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from nasopharyngeal specimens. the assays can detect human h1n1, h3n2, and swine-origin (s-oiv) h1n1 flu a viruses and were effectively used to distinguish flu a infections (of all subtypes) from flu b and rsv infections during the current s-oiv outbreak in milwaukee, wi. the analytical limits of detection we ...201019959800
respiratory syncytial virus induces airway insensitivity to beta-agonists in balb/c mice.beta-adrenergic agonists (beta-agonists) are commonly used to treat respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis but are generally ineffective for unknown reasons. we have previously shown that rsv strain a2 inhibits bronchoalveolar epithelial responses to beta-agonists in a balb/c mouse model by inducing heterologous keratinocyte cytokine (kc)/cxcr2-mediated desensitization of epithelial beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. the aim of the current study was to determine whether rsv also induces airw ...201019965982
binding of a potent small-molecule inhibitor of six-helix bundle formation requires interactions with both heptad-repeats of the rsv fusion protein.six-helix bundle (6hb) formation is an essential step for many viruses that rely on a class i fusion protein to enter a target cell and initiate replication. because the binding modes of small molecule inhibitors of 6hb formation are largely unknown, precisely how they disrupt 6hb formation remains unclear, and structure-based design of improved inhibitors is thus seriously hampered. here we present the high resolution crystal structure of tmc353121, a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial v ...201019966279
cost effectiveness of palivizumab in spain: an analysis using observational data.to assess the cost effectiveness of palivizumab for prevention of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in high-risk infants in spain, incorporating country-specific observational hospitalisation data.201019967425
the interleukin 6 -174 c/c genotype predicts greater rhinovirus illness.in adults and children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, a polymorphism in the interleukin 6 (il-6) promoter at position -174 predicts illness magnitude. in addition, polymorphisms in the interleukin 10 (il-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) genes are associated with immune responsiveness and the frequency of complications. here, the effect of these polymorphisms on illness and seroconversion during infection with rhinovirus type 39 (rv ...201020001857
increased prevalence of otitis media following respiratory syncytial virus infection.the aim of this study was to analyse whether, during the 18 months following a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants, there were differences in the prevalence of common infections such as acute otitis media (aom), compared with controls. we also wanted to see whether passive smoking could be a contributory factor.201020002623
mathematical modelling of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv): vaccination strategies and budget applications.we propose an age-structured mathematical model for respiratory syncytial virus in which children aged <1 year are especially considered. real data on hospitalized children in the spanish region of valencia were used in order to determine some seasonal parameters of the model. weekly predictions of the number of children aged <1 year that will be hospitalized in the following years in valencia are presented using this model. results are applied to estimate the regional cost of paediatric hospita ...201020003640
vitamin d decreases respiratory syncytial virus induction of nf-kappab-linked chemokines and cytokines in airway epithelium while maintaining the antiviral state.epidemiological studies suggest that low vitamin d levels may increase the risk or severity of respiratory viral infections. in this study, we examined the effect of vitamin d on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected human airway epithelial cells. airway epithelium converts 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 (storage form) to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (active form). active vitamin d, generated locally in tissues, is important for the nonskeletal actions of vitamin d, including its effects on immune respon ...201020008294
motavizumab for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk children: a noninferiority trial.palivizumab reduces respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization in children at high risk by approximately 50% compared with placebo. we compared the efficacy and safety of motavizumab, an investigational monoclonal antibody with enhanced anti-rsv activity in preclinical studies, with palivizumab.201020008423
implementation of real-time rt-pcr for detection of human metapneumovirus and its comparison with enzyme immunoassay.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is responsible for outbreaks of bronchiolitis in winter and early spring in young children. due to the relatively recent discovery of hmpv, the diagnostic opportunities are limited, while differential diagnosis with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains important. we validated the rt-pcr by comparing various methods of rna extraction, one-step rt-pcr kits and primer-probe combinations. the optimized rt-pcr was evaluated using 47 nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) co ...201020013132
a systemic neutrophil response precedes robust cd8(+) t-cell activation during natural respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants.severe primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are characterized by bronchiolitis accompanied by wheezing. controversy exists as to whether infants suffer from virus-induced lung pathology or from excessive immune responses. furthermore, detailed knowledge about the development of primary t-cell responses to viral infections in infants is lacking. we studied the dynamics of innate neutrophil and adaptive t-cell responses in peripheral blood in relation to the viral load and paramete ...201020015982
genomewide association analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, with about half being infected in their first year of life. yet only 2 to 3% of infants are hospitalized for rsv infection, suggesting that individual susceptibility contributes to disease severity. previously, we determined that akr/j (susceptible) mice developed high lung rsv titers and showed delayed weight recovery, whereas c57bl/6j (resistant) mice demonstrated low lung rsv titers and rapid ...201020015999
population based external validation of a european predictive model for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization of premature infants born 33 to 35 weeks of gestational age.prospectively collected population-based data on 2529 danish infants born at 33 to 35 weeks of gestation were used to validate an european predictive model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization. the model was found to be robust with a diagnostic accuracy of 65.9% to distinguish between rsv-hospitalized versus non-rsv-hospitalized danish infants born at 33 to 35 weeks of gestation.201020016397
human bocavirus infection in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in lanzhou, china.human bocavirus (hbov) is a recognized human parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection. however, hbov has yet to be established as a causative agent of respiratory disease. in this study, the epidemiological and virological characteristics of hbov infection were studied in children with acute respiratory tract infection in china. in total, 406 children younger than 14 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection were included in this prospective 1-year study. hbov was d ...201020029808
role of surfactant protein a and d (sp-a and sp-d) in human antiviral host defense.sp-a and sp-d contribute to host defense against respiratory viral infection. the most extensive body of evidence relates to influenza a viruses (iav), and evidence from gene-deleted mice also indicate a role for surfactant collectins in defense against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus. some important respiratory pathogens including rhinovirus and metapneumovirus have not yet been examined. viral pathogens that enter the body via the respiratory tract (e.g., ebola virus), replica ...201020036966
activation of interferon response through toll-like receptor 3 impacts viral pathogenesis and pulmonary toll-like receptor expression during respiratory syncytial virus and influenza infections in the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus model.interferon (ifn) therapy in humans often causes flu-like symptoms by an unknown mechanism. poly iclc is a synthetic dsrna and a toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) agonist with a strong ifn-inducing ability. in this work, we analyzed the effect of poly iclc on pulmonary responses to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in the cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) model. viral replication, pulmonary inflammation, and expression of ifn, tlr, and chemokines were monitored and compared. antiv ...201020038196
double-stranded rna-activated protein kinase regulates early innate immune responses during respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of childhood viral bronchiolitis and lung injury. inflammatory responses significantly contribute to lung pathologies during rsv infections and bronchiolitis but the exact mechanisms have not been completely defined. the double-stranded rna-activated protein kinase (pkr) functions to inhibit viral replication and participates in several signaling pathways associated with innate inflammatory immune responses. using a functionally defectiv ...201020038207
description of the outcomes of prior authorization of palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a managed care organization.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. most children are exposed to the virus before they are 2 years old and experience such symptoms as cough, fever, and irritability. in a select population of infants, the virus can cause hypoxemia and hospitalization. to avoid hospitalization, good infection control practices should be employed, and for those infants at high risk, prophylaxis with palivizumab is in ...201020044843
medical utilization associated with palivizumab compliance in a commercial and managed medicaid health plan.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization in infants. palivizumab is currently the only available agent for prevention of rsv infection in high-risk infants. this high-cost injectable requires monthly dosing during the rsv season. compliance with the injection schedule is important in the prevention of rsv infection and respiratory complications. managed care organizations have an interest in the relationship between complian ...201020044844
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and excessive thrombocytosis. 201020064137
respiratory viral infections in infants: causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology.in global terms, respiratory viral infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. infancy, in particular, is a time of increased disease susceptibility and severity. early-life viral infection causes acute illness and can be associated with the development of wheezing and asthma in later life. the most commonly detected viruses are respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rhinovirus (rv), and influenza virus. in this review we explore the complete picture from epidemiology and virology to clin ...201020065326
inhibitory effect of melatonin on lung oxidative stress induced by respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice.previous research has shown that antioxidant (butylated hydroxyanisole) treatment ameliorates respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced disease and lung inflammation. melatonin has been reported to exhibit a wide varieties of biological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammation, and has no evident toxicity and side effect. but it is not known whether melatonin would modify rsv-induced lung disease and oxidative stress. the present study was to establish the involvement of oxidative st ...201020070490
effects of tetrabromobisphenol a, a brominated flame retardant, on the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice.effects of the brominated flame retardants (bfrs), decabrominated diphenyl ether (dbde), hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd), and tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa), on host immunity of mice were evaluated using respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. five-week-old female mice were fed a diet containing 1% bfrs for 28days, and subsequently infected with rsv. no toxicological sign was observed in bfr-treated mice before infection. tbbpa significantly increased the pulmonary viral titer in the infected ...201020074668
pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylglycerol inhibits respiratory syncytial virus-induced inflammation and infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of hospitalization for respiratory tract infection in young children. it is also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals and in persons with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. currently, no reliable vaccine or simple rsv antiviral therapy is available. recently, we determined that the minor pulmonary surfactant phospholipid, palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (popg), could markedly attenuat ...201020080799
anti-inflammatory effect of muc1 during respiratory syncytial virus infection of lung epithelial cells in vitro.muc1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells and plays an anti-inflammatory role during airway bacterial infection. in this study, we determined whether the anti-inflammatory effect of muc1 is also operative during the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the lung epithelial cell line a549 was treated with rsv, and the production of tnfalpha and the levels of muc1 protein were monitored temporally during the course of infection by elisa ...201020081068
the role of tnf-alpha in eosinophilic inflammation associated with rsv bronchiolitis.the purpose of our study was to investigate whether tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha correlates with eosinophilic inflammation that occurs during a lower respiratory tract infection with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children. sixty children with rsv bronchiolitis (rsv group) and 20 healthy children with no respiratory symptoms (control group) were enrolled. we measured the nasal lavage fluid (nlf) th2 cytokine (il-5), proinflammatory cytokine (tnf-alpha, il-8), eosinophil-active cyt ...201020088864
duration of shedding of respiratory syncytial virus in a community study of kenyan children.our understanding of the transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection will be better informed with improved data on the patterns of shedding in cases not limited only to hospital admissions.201020096106
structural basis of respiratory syncytial virus neutralization by motavizumab.motavizumab is approximately tenfold more potent than its predecessor, palivizumab (synagis), the fda-approved monoclonal antibody used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the structure of motavizumab in complex with a 24-residue peptide corresponding to its epitope on the rsv fusion (f) glycoprotein reveals the structural basis for this greater potency. modeling suggests that motavizumab recognizes a different quaternary configuration of the f glycoprotein than that observed ...201020098425
distribution of airborne influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in an urgent care medical clinic.considerable controversy exists with regard to whether influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are spread by the inhalation of infectious airborne particles and about the importance of this route, compared with droplet or contact transmission.201020100093
burden of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized infants and young children in amman, jordan.acute respiratory infections (ari) play a major role in hospitalizations in the middle east, but the specific viral causes are unknown. we conducted prospective viral surveillance in children <5 y of age admitted with ari and/or fever at 2 dissimilar hospitals in amman, jordan during peak respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) season. we collected prospective clinical and demographic data and obtained nose/throat swabs for testing for rsv by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). we obtained c ...201020100116
ldh concentration in nasal-wash fluid as a biochemical predictor of bronchiolitis severity.because the decision to hospitalize an infant with bronchiolitis is often supported by subjective criteria and objective indicators of bronchiolitis severity are lacking, we tested the hypothesis that lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), which is released from injured cells, is a useful biochemical indicator of bronchiolitis severity.201020100751
ccl20/ccr6 blockade enhances immunity to rsv by impairing recruitment of dc.chemokines are important mediators of the immune response to pathogens, but can also promote chronic inflammatory states. chemokine receptor 6 (ccr6) is found on immature dc and effector/memory t cells, and binds a single ligand, ccl20, with high affinity. here, we investigated the role of ccl20 and ccr6 in a pulmonary viral infection caused by rsv, a ubiquitous virus that can cause severe pulmonary complications. neutralization of ccl20 during rsv infection significantly reduced lung pathology ...201020101616
inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by zinc finger reactive compounds.infectivity of retroviruses such as hiv-1 and mulv can be abrogated by compounds targeting zinc finger motif in viral nucleocapsid protein (nc), involved in controlling the processivity of reverse transcription and virus infectivity. although a member of a different viral family (pneumoviridae), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) contains a zinc finger protein m2-1 also involved in control of viral polymerase processivity. given the functional similarity between the two proteins, it was possible ...201020102602
detection of multiple respiratory pathogens during primary respiratory infection: nasal swab versus nasopharyngeal aspirate using real-time polymerase chain reaction.in this study, we present the multiple detection of respiratory viruses in infants during primary respiratory illness, investigate the sensitivity of nasal swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates, and assess whether patient characteristics and viral load played a role in the sensitivity. healthy infants were included at signs of first respiratory tract infection. paired nasopharyngeal aspirates and nasal swabs were collected. real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out for 11 respirator ...201020111881
recombinant respiratory syncytial virus f protein expression is hindered by inefficient nuclear export and mrna processing.studies of the fusion activity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f protein are significantly hindered by low recombinant expression levels. while infection produces f protein levels detectable by western blot, recombinant expression produces undetectable to low levels of f protein. identifying the obstacles that hinder recombinant f protein expression may lead to improved expression and facilitate the study of f protein function. we hypothesized that nuclear localization and/or inefficient rn ...201020111897
[viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in children from wenzhou between 2007 and 2008].to study the viral etiology of acute respiratory infection (ari)in children from wenzhou, zhejiang between 2007 and 2008.201020113631
acute viral bronchiolitis in children- a very common condition with few therapeutic options.acute viral bronchiolitis remains a cause of substantial morbidity and health care costs in young infants. it is the most common lower respiratory tract condition and most common reason for admission to hospital in infants. many respiratory viruses have been associated with acute viral bronchiolitis although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains the most frequently identified virus. most infants have a mild self limiting illness while others have more severe illness and require hospital admi ...201020113991
outcomes of palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at a single hospital in korea from 2005 to 2009.this study was performed to evaluate the utilization and outcomes of palivizumab in high risk children born prematurely with chronic lung disease (cld). a retrospective review of 128 patients was conducted from september 2004 to march 2009 at the ajou university hospital. all patients were diagnosed with cld, were born at <or=35 weeks of gestation, were <2 yr old at the onset of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) season, and had received medical therapy within six months prior to the rsv season. ...201020119579
pulmonary cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) and cox-2 cellular expression and distribution after respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infection.prostaglandins (pgs) play an important role in pulmonary physiology and various pathophysiological processes following infection. the initial step in the biosynthesis of pgs is regulated by two distinct cyclooxygenase enzymes, cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) and cox-2. the goal of this study was to investigate the pulmonary cellular localization and distribution of cox-1 and cox-2 in a neonatal lamb model following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus 3 (pi3) infection, organisms t ...201020121401
early-life viral infection and allergen exposure interact to induce an asthmatic phenotype in mice.early-life respiratory viral infections, notably with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), increase the risk of subsequent development of childhood asthma. the purpose of this study was to assess whether early-life infection with a species-specific model of rsv and subsequent allergen exposure predisposed to the development of features of asthma.201020122285
[evolution of the number of rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children hospitalised in a french university hospital between 1998 and 2005].respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rotavirus infections represent up to 30% of cross infections in pediatric units. as they are a major public health problem, we studied their evolution and distribution at the dijon university hospital.201019081201
transmission of respiratory syncytial virus at the paediatric intensive-care unit: a prospective study using real-time pcr.transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from children with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) at a paediatric intensive-care unit (picu) was examined using a highly sensitive real-time pcr. twenty-four children with rsv lrti were admitted during the study period (total days of potential transmission: 239). forty-eight rsv-negative patients were followed up for rsv acquisition every 5 days (total days of exposure: 683). no single rsv transmission was documented with this highly se ...201019523052
respiratory syncytial virus impairs macrophage ifn-alpha/beta- and ifn-gamma-stimulated transcription by distinct mechanisms.macrophages are the primary lung phagocyte and are instrumental in maintenance of a sterile, noninflamed microenvironment. ifns are produced in response to bacterial and viral infection, and activate the macrophage to efficiently counteract and remove pathogenic invaders. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibits ifn-mediated signaling mechanisms in epithelial cells; however, the effects on ifn signaling in the macrophage are currently unknown. we investigated the effect of rsv infection on ifn ...201019502390
exploratory spatial analysis of in vitro respiratory syncytial virus co-infections.the cell response to virus infection and virus perturbation of that response is dynamic and is reflected by changes in cell susceptibility to infection. in this study, we evaluated the response of human epithelial cells to sequential infections with human respiratory syncytial virus strains a2 and b to determine if a primary infection with one strain will impact the ability of cells to be infected with the second as a function of virus strain and time elapsed between the two exposures. infected ...201021994640
respiratory syncytial virus testing during bronchiolitis episodes of care in an integrated health care delivery system: a retrospective cohort study.bronchiolitis has the highest incidence rate of any lower respiratory infection among infants and children <2 years of age. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common etiology of bronchiolitis. the american academy of pediatrics does not recommend routine rsv testing for infants and children with bronchiolitis. the clinical predictors of rsv testing are unknown. objectives: the aims of this study were to identify the rates and predictors of rsv testing during bronchiolitis and to explo ...201021316538
[frequency of respiratory viruses and clinical characteristics in children attending a care center in mexico city].to describe the frequency of respiratory viruses and clinical characteristics in children with respiratory signs and symptoms in a tertiary care center in mexico.201021271012
high rate of viral identification and coinfections in infants with acute bronchiolitis.to determine the viruses and risk factors associated with hospital and intensive care unit (icu) admissions in infants with acute bronchiolitis.201021243286
local cytokine response upon respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of childhood hospitalization and respiratory distress and has been recognized for several decades as a major health and economic burden worldwide. this virus has developed several virulence mechanisms to impair the establishment of a protective immune response to re-infection. accordingly, inefficient immunological memory is usually generated after exposure to this pathogen. furthermore, it has been shown that rsv can actively promote the in ...201021195729
[human metapneumoviruses were isolated from infants and children with acute respiratory infections in beijing].to obtain isolated human metapneumovirus (hmpv) strains from clinical specimens collected from infants and children in beijing and to promote the investigation on this important respiratory pathogen.201021215024
mortality attributable to pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 in san luis potosí, mexico.acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. starting in 2009, pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus has become one of the leading respiratory pathogens worldwide. however, the overall impact of this virus as a cause of mortality has not been clearly defined.201021306570
using the full spectral capacity (six channels) of a real-time pcr instrument can simplify diagnostic laboratory screening and typing protocols for pandemic h1n1 influenza.timely reporting of influenza a virus subtype affects patient management. real-time pcr is a rapid and sensitive method routinely used to characterise viral nucleic acid, but the full spectral capability of the instruments is not employed.201021306574
influenza and other respiratory viruses in three central american countries.despite the disease burden imposed by respiratory diseases on children in central america, there is a paucity of data describing the etiologic agents of the disease.201021306576
the impact of prophylaxis on paediatric intensive care unit admissions for rsv infection: a retrospective, single-centre study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in children aged <2 years. the aim of this retrospective, single-centre study was to examine the characteristics of patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (picu) with rsv infection following the implementation of a rsv prophylaxis programme. electronic hospital medical records of all picu admissions for rsv infection were searched from 2003 to 2009. data on baseline de ...201021174120
[a pathogenic and clinical study of 882 cases of adult influenza-like illness in guangzhou].this study was undertaken to describe the viral etiology and clinical features in patients with influenza-like illness (ili) in guangzhou.201021176504
evaluation of the 3m rapid detection test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children during the early stages of the 2009 rsv season.we report the results of the 3m rapid detection respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assay. this study includes pediatric patient results from nasopharyngeal swabs submitted from october to december 2009. there was a sensitivity of 74% and specificity approaching 100% compared to the pcr-based xtag respiratory viral panel.201021177903
structural and functional analysis of the rous sarcoma virus negative regulator of splicing and demonstration of its activation by the 9g8 sr protein.retroviruses require both spliced and unspliced rnas for replication. accumulation of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) unspliced rna depends upon the negative regulator of splicing (nrs). its 5'-part is considered as an ese binding sr proteins. its 3'-part contains a decoy 5'-splice site (ss), which inhibits splicing at the bona fide 5'-ss. only the 3d structure of a small nrs fragment had been experimentally studied. here, by chemical and enzymatic probing, we determine the 2d structure of the entire r ...201021183462
aik-c measles vaccine expressing fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus induces protective antibodies in cotton rats.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants, and no vaccine is available. in this report, recombinant aik-c measles vaccines, expressing the rsv g or f protein of subgroup a (mvaik/rsv/g or f), were investigated as a rsv vaccine candidate. mvaik/rsv/g or f had the original ts phenotype and expressed rsv/g or f protein. cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against rsv subgroups a and b were detected in cotton rats immunized intramuscularly with ...201021185852
clinical prediction rule for rsv bronchiolitis in healthy newborns: prognostic birth cohort study.our goal was to determine predictors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) among healthy newborns.201021187309
respiratory syncytial virus represses glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene activation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. although antiinflammatory in nature, glucocorticoids have been shown to be ineffective in the treatment of rsv-induced bronchiolitis and wheezing. in addition, the effectiveness of glucocorticoids at inhibiting rsv-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in cell culture has been questioned. in this study, we have investigated the effect of rsv infection on glucocorticoid-induced gene activation in lung epitheliu ...201021190962
decreased serum antibody responses to recombinant pneumocystis antigens in hiv-infected and uninfected current smokers.serologic studies can provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission of pneumocystis jirovecii. exposure to p. jirovecii can be assessed by serum antibody responses to recombinant antigens from the major surface glycoprotein (msgc), although factors that influence the magnitude of the antibody response are incompletely understood. we determined the magnitudes of antibody responses to p. jirovecii in comparison to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hiv-infected ...201021191078
respiratory outcomes, utilization and costs 12 months following a respiratory syncytial virus diagnosis among commercially insured late-preterm infants.to determine, among a commercially-insured population of late-preterm infants, utilization of healthcare resources and costs during the 1 year following a diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infection (rsv lri).201021192761
pulmonary surfactant in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: the role in pathogenesis and clinical implications.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection, and the most frequent reason for hospitalization among infants throughout the world. in addition to the acute consequences of the disease, rsv bronchiolitis in early childhood is related to further development of recurrent wheezing and asthma. despite the medical and economic burden of the disease, therapeutic options are limited to supportive measures, and mechanical ventilation in severe ...201021194166
the burden of hospitalized lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in rural thailand.we describe the epidemiology of hospitalized rsv infections for all age groups from population-based surveillance in two rural provinces in thailand.201021152047
performance of a rapid antigen test (binax now® rsv) for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus compared with real-time polymerase chain reaction in a pediatric population.infants from alaska's yukon-kuskokwim delta (ykd) have a high respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rate (104/1000/yr). appropriate patient management requires rapid and accurate rsv diagnosis. antigen-based methods are often used in clinical settings, but these tests can lack sensitivity.201021163694
gene structures, classification and expression models of the ap2/erebp transcription factor family in rice.we identified 163 ap2/erebp (apetala2/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein) genes in rice. we analyzed gene structures, phylogenies, domain duplication, genome localizations and expression profiles. conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny construction using the ap2/erf conserved domain sequence suggest that in rice the osap2/erebp gene family can be classified broadly into four subfamilies [ap2, rav (related to abi3/vp1), dreb (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein) and erf ( ...201021169347
serum sp-d levels as a biomarker of lung injury in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.to evaluate whether sp-d concentration is a useful biomarker of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, we determined sp-d concentrations in patients with rsv bronchiolitis with or without chronic heart disease. we enrolled 52 patients who had been diagnosed with rsv bronchiolitis and required admission to the hospital at the department of pediatrics of fukushima medical university school of medicine from 2004 through 2005. these patients were divided into two groups: gr ...201021171185
the use of a neonatal mouse model to study respiratory syncytial virus infections.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most significant cause of viral death in infants worldwide. the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this disease underscores the urgent need for the development of an rsv vaccine. the development of an rsv vaccine has been hampered by our limited understanding of the human host immune system, which plays a significant role in rsv pathogenesis, susceptibility and vaccine efficacy. as a result, animal models have been developed to ...201021133663
management of rsv infections in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of seasonal respiratory viral infection in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. rsv usually presents as an upper respiratory tract infection in this patient population but may progress rapidly to lower respiratory tract infection. available therapies that have been used for the treatment of rsv infections are limited to ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and palivizumab. the use of aerosolized ribavirin, alon ...201021139081
fine mapping of qstv11tq, a major gene conferring resistance to rice stripe disease.the indica rice cultivar, teqing, shows a high level of resistance to rice stripe virus (rsv). it is believed that this resistance is controlled by the gene, qstv11(tq). for positional cloning of the resistance gene, a set of chromosome single segment substitution lines (csssls) was constructed, all of which had the genetic background of the susceptible japonica cultivar, lemont, with different single substituted segments of teqing on chromosome 11. by identifying the resistance of the csssls-20 ...201021140255
antiviral and lung protective activity of a novel rsv fusion inhibitor in a mouse model.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes bronchiolitis in young children and common colds in adults. there is no licensed vaccine, and prophylactic treatment with palivizumab is very expensive and limited to high risk infants. ribavirin is used as an antiviral treatment in infants and immunosuppressed patients, and its use is limited due to side effects, toxicity to the recipient and staff and evidence of marginal clinical efficacy. we therefore studied the in vivo kinetics, antiviral and protec ...201021148224
lipopeptide-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus virosomes: a safe and immunogenic non-replicating vaccine formulation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in children and the elderly. there is no registered rsv vaccine. early experimental non-replicating vaccines have been found to exacerbate rsv symptoms upon infection causing enhanced respiratory disease. here we show that immunization of mice with reconstituted virosomes produced from rsv envelopes and containing the lipopeptide adjuvant (p3csk4), induces high-titer virus-neutralizing antibodies, and the secretion of ifn-gamma ...201020600502
genome-wide analysis of nac transcription factor family in rice.we investigated 151 non-redundant nac genes in rice and 117 in arabidopsis. a complete overview of this gene family in rice is presented, including gene structures, phylogenies, genome localizations, and expression profiles. we also performed a comparative analysis of these genes in rice and arabidopsis. conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny construction using the nac conserved domain sequence suggest that osnac gene family was classified broadly into two major groups (a and b) and sixteen ...201020600702
[experimental research on anti-respiratory syncytial virus effect in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid].to explore the antivirus function in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid (ecf) by researching its effect on inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).201021110430
[research on the methods for titrating respiratory syncytial virus].respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants. it is very important to quantitative assay of rsv titer in the study on rsv pathogenesis, candidate vaccine and antiviral treatment. therefore, we develop real-time quantitative pcr (q-pcr) assay and enzyme immunospots (eis) for titrating rsv and compare them with traditional 50% tissue culture infectious doses (tcid50).201021110441
detection of respiratory syncytial virus using nanoparticle amplified immuno-polymerase chain reaction.in traditional immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-pcr), a single antibody recognition event is associated with one to three dna tags, which are subsequently amplified by pcr. here we describe a nanoparticle-amplified immuno-pcr (npa-ipcr) assay that combines antibody recognition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a 50-fold nanoparticle valence amplification step prior to tag amplification by pcr. the assay detects a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) surface protein using an ...201021111702
bayesian inference of the number of factors in gene-expression analysis: application to human virus challenge studies.nonparametric bayesian techniques have been developed recently to extend the sophistication of factor models, allowing one to infer the number of appropriate factors from the observed data. we consider such techniques for sparse factor analysis, with application to gene-expression data from three virus challenge studies. particular attention is placed on employing the beta process (bp), the indian buffet process (ibp), and related sparseness-promoting techniques to infer a proper number of facto ...201021062443
performance of a nurse-led paediatric point of care service for respiratory syncytial virus testing in secondary care.to evaluate respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-point-of-care-testing (poct) performance among paediatric patients with respiratory symptoms, using the binaxnow(®) rsv assay performed by trained nurses on the paediatric ward, and compare results with those obtained by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr).201021073893
[two cases of symptomatic west syndrome suffering from severe respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis].we report two cases of symptomatic west syndrome with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis: one was a 9-month-old boy who was hospitalized for shock, and the other was a 15-month-old boy in pre-shock condition. both cases needed mechanical ventilation for approximately 2 weeks. seizures from the primary disease worsened in both patients during the infection, and both needed long periods of hospitalization, which resulted in a considerable reduction in their quality of l ...201021077358
treatment of respiratory syncytial virus with palivizumab: a systematic review.palivizumab has proven efficacy for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants with prematurity or congenital heart disease. despite a paucity of data, palivizumab is sometimes used to prevent progression when high-risk patients present with upper respiratory tract infection (urti) due to rsv, or as therapy when any patients present with severe lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) caused by rsv.201021080142
efficient lung recruitment of respiratory syncytial virus-specific th1 cells induced by recombinant bacillus calmette-guérin promotes virus clearance and protects from infection.infection by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause extensive inflammation and lung damage in susceptible hosts due to a th2-biased immune response. such a deleterious inflammatory response can be enhanced by immunization with formalin- or uv-inactivated rsv, as well as with vaccinia virus expressing the rsv-g protein. recently, we have shown that vaccination with rbcg-expressing rsv ags can prevent the disease in the mouse. to further understand the immunological mechanisms responsible ...201021084664
[full-length cdna sequence analysis of avian leukosis viruses subgroup j isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma].to understand the molecular characteristics of subgroup j avian leukosis viruses (alv-j) isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma, as well as to get more information for controlling the spread of alv-j in layer chickens flocks.201021090269
risk factors in children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis versus non-rsv bronchiolitis.the trends in hospitalization rates and risk factors for severe bronchiolitis have not been recently described, especially after the routine implementation of prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections.201021098154
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the major genes in respiratory syncytial virus isolated from infants with bronchiolitis.we performed the genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolated from 17 infants with bronchiolitis in kanagawa prefecture, japan in 2005 and 2006. the major genes in these samples (attachment [g] glycoprotein gene, fusion [f] protein gene, and nucleoprotein [n] gene) were sequenced and analyzed genetically. phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that 7 and 10 strains could be classified into subgroups a and b, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the ...201021099088
right ventricular function in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis.previous studies have demonstrated the development of myocardial damage and hepatitis in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the aim of this study was to assess right ventricular function in children with severe rsv disease and to investigate an association with disease severity, myocardial damage, and hepatitis.201021102401
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