Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| postgenomics biomarkers for rabies—the next decade of proteomics. | rabies is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. the pathogenic mechanisms by which rabies virus infection leads to development of neurological disease and death are still poorly understood. analysis of rabies-infected proteomes may help identify novel biomarkers for antemortem diagnosis of the disease and target molecules for therapeutic intervention. this article offers a literature synthesis and critique of the differentially expressed proteins that have been previously reported from va ... | 2015 | 25611201 |
| knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and exposure to bats in two rural communities in guatemala. | rabies is a fatal encephalitis caused by rabies virus, of the genus lyssavirus. the principal reservoir for rabies in latin america is the common vampire bat (desmodus rotundus), which feeds routinely on the blood of cattle, and when livestock are scarce, may prey on other mammals, including humans. although rabies is endemic in common vampire bat populations in guatemala, there is limited research on the extent of exposure to bats among human populations living near bat refuges. | 2015 | 25576098 |
| a preliminary study of recombinant human interferon-α-2a activity against rabies virus in murine model. | rabies remains an important public health problem in the world due to uncontrolled enzootic rabies. although rabies associated fatalities may be prevented with timely immunoprophylaxis, but till date a therapeutic molecule has remained elusive. we investigated the role of rhuifn α-2a in murine model challenged with rabies virus. titre of 10(4.25) ld50/0.03 ml of 10% w/v rv cvs stock suspension were obtained. based on 1ld50 titre, challenge dose of 50 ld 50 was administered along with rhuifn α-2a ... | 2015 | 25560017 |
| neuroepithelial circuit formed by innervation of sensory enteroendocrine cells. | satiety and other core physiological functions are modulated by sensory signals arising from the surface of the gut. luminal nutrients and bacteria stimulate epithelial biosensors called enteroendocrine cells. despite being electrically excitable, enteroendocrine cells are generally thought to communicate indirectly with nerves through hormone secretion and not through direct cell-nerve contact. however, we recently uncovered in intestinal enteroendocrine cells a cytoplasmic process that we name ... | 2015 | 25555217 |
| lymph node but not intradermal injection site macrophages are critical for germinal center formation and antibody responses to rabies vaccination. | replication-deficient rabies virus (rabv)-based vaccines induce rapid and potent antibody responses via t cell-independent and t cell-dependent mechanisms. to further investigate early events in vaccine-induced antibody responses against rabv infections, we studied the role of macrophages as mediators of rabv-based vaccine immunogenicity. in this report, we show that a recombinant matrix gene-deleted rabv-based vaccine (rrabv-δm) infects and activates primary murine macrophages in vitro. immuniz ... | 2015 | 25540370 |
| cell-penetrating and neurotargeting dendritic sirna nanostructures. | we report the development of dendritic sirna nanostructures that are able to penetrate even difficult to transfect cells such as neurons with the help of a special receptor ligand. the nanoparticles elicit strong sirna responses, despite the dendritic structure. an sirna dendrimer directed against the crucial rabies virus (rabv) nucleoprotein (n protein) and phosphoprotein (p protein) allowed the suppression of the virus titer in neurons below the detection limit. the cell-penetrating sirna dend ... | 2015 | 25522332 |
| expression of interferon gamma by a recombinant rabies virus strongly attenuates the pathogenicity of the virus via induction of type i interferon. | previous animal model experiments have shown a correlation between interferon gamma (ifn-γ) expression and both survival from infection with attenuated rabies virus (rabv) and reduction of neurological sequelae. therefore, we hypothesized that rapid production of murine ifn-γ by the rabies virus itself would induce a more robust antiviral response than would occur naturally in mice. to test this hypothesis, we used reverse engineering to clone the mouse ifn-γ gene into a pathogenic rabies virus ... | 2015 | 25320312 |
| study of rabies virus by differential scanning calorimetry. | differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) has been used in the past to study the thermal unfolding of many different viruses. here we present the first dsc analysis of rabies virus. we show that non-inactivated, purified rabies virus unfolds cooperatively in two events centered at approximately 62 and 73 °c. beta-propiolactone (bpl) treatment does not alter significantly viral unfolding behavior, indicating that viral inactivation does not alter protein structure significantly. the first unfolding ... | 2015 | 29124221 |
| prokaryotic expression, purification, and polyclonal antibody production of a truncated recombinant rabies virus l protein. | rabies virus (rabv) is a deadly neurotropic virus that causes the disease of rabies in humans and animals. l protein is one of the large structural protein of rabies virus, which displays multiple enzymatic activities, and is required for viral transcription and replication. | 2015 | 28959286 |
| very-long-range disynaptic v1 connections through layer 6 pyramidal neurons revealed by transneuronal tracing with rabies virus. | neurons in primary visual cortex (v1) integrate across the representation of the visual field through networks of long-range projecting pyramidal neurons. these projections, which originate from within v1 and through feedback from higher visual areas, are likely to play a key role in such visual processes as low contrast facilitation and extraclassical surround suppression. the extent of the visual field representation covered by feedback is generally much larger than that covered through monosy ... | 2014 | 28539788 |
| comparison of safety and immunogenicity of pvrv and pcecv immunized in patients with who category ii animal exposure: a study based on different age groups. | the aim of this study was to compare the safety and immunogenicity between purified vero cell rabies vaccine (pvrv) and purified chick embryo cell vaccine (pcecv) in patients with who category ii animal exposure, especially in different age groups. | 2014 | 25522244 |
| alterations in brain cerebral cortex proteome of rabies-infected cat. | comparative proteome analysis using brain cerebral cortex tissues from cats and dogs infected with/without rabies virus were conducted using both two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis (2-de) and 2-d fluorescence difference gel- electrophoresis (2d-dige) methods. the 2-de gel images of all samples revealed >1,000 protein spots in each gel. quantitative intensity analysis revealed the same overall protein pattern in certain regions of the gel, but the rabies-infected brains exhibited more protein sp ... | 2014 | 25507598 |
| laboratory data of dog rabies in southern cameroon from 2010 to 2013. | dog rabies is endemic in most african countries and the risk of human rabies is estimated to be high in cameroon according to who estimations in 2010. this study aimed to describe the circulation rabies virus (rabv) among dogs in the southern regions of cameroon from 2010 to 2013 in a context, where mass vaccination campaigns are launched annually in order to control rabies in domestic animals including dogs and cats. | 2014 | 25495597 |
| cell culture extraction and purification of rabies virus nucleoprotein. | rabies is a major zoonotic viral disease and is detected using the world health organization standard diagnostic techniques. rabies detection is preferably done using the fluorescent antibody technique (fat) that provides reliable diagnosis with almost 100% accuracy for all variant strains, if a proper conjugate is used. rabies virus nucleoprotein (np) is the most important protein used in production of a specific diagnostic conjugate. | 2014 | 25485056 |
| severe abdominal pain as the first manifestation of rabies. | rabies is an acute fatal viral disease that is generally transmitted from animals to humans following wild and domestic animal bites. the rabies virus enters the body from the area where the individual is bitten, and then the virus moves towards the brain and involves the nerves. | 2014 | 25485053 |
| a randomized open-labeled study to demonstrate the non-inferiority of purified chick-embryo cell rabies vaccine administered in the zagreb regimen (2-1-1) compared with the essen regimen in chinese adults. | the zagreb regimen has been used for 20 years in various countries. in china, until 2010, the zagreb schedule was only approved for purified chick embryo cell vaccine (pcecv) and purified vero cell rabies vaccines (pvrv). in this phase iii clinical trial, we aimed to demonstrate the safety and immunogenic non-inferiority of the zagreb regimen compared with the essen regimen in healthy adult chinese immunized with pcecv (rabipur®). the study enrolled 825 subjects aged 18 to 50 years; serum sample ... | 2014 | 25483635 |
| lack of protection against rabies in neighbourhood dogs in some peri-urban and rural areas of ogun and oyo states, nigeria. | rabies is a highly fatal zoonosis that causes severe destruction to the central nervous system and remains underreported in developing countries like nigeria. | 2014 | 26949794 |
| tissue culture isolation of lyssa viruses from apparently healthy unvaccinated dogs in nigeria. | there have been previous reports of inapparent infection and intermittent secretion of rabies virus in the saliva of apparently healthy dogs in some african countries, including nigeria. | 2014 | 26949792 |
| gene order rearrangement of the m gene in the rabies virus leads to slower replication. | the matrix protein (m) is one of only five genes in the rv genome and is an important multifunctional protein. besides to allow for the release of newly replicated virions pairing with g, the m protein also functions in virus replication, pathogenicity, and host cell apoptosis. the goal of present study is to generate recombinant viruses with m gene rearranged, thus laying the foundation for further exploring what will happen when the gene for m is relocated on the rv single-strand rna. we used ... | 2014 | 25674605 |
| effect of corticosteroids on rvna production of a patient with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following rabies vaccination as well as administration of hrig. | it has not been reported that administration of combining rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin resulted in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) yet. this report described that an old man acquired adem after being administrated with purified vero cell rabies vaccine (pvrv) and human rabies immunoglobulin (hrig). then he was given intravenous and oral glucocorticoids. simultaneously, rabies vaccination was continued with purified chick embryo cell vaccines (pcecv) instead of pvrv. furthermore ... | 2014 | 25668669 |
| [emergency reserve of life-saving anti-infective drugs]. | problems with importing non-registered medicines for treating rare life-threatening infectious diseases led to establishment of the emergency anti-infective drug reserve (eaidr) for the czech republic. | 2014 | 25135139 |
| rabies and rabies virus in wildlife in mainland china, 1990-2013. | the number of wildlife rabies and wildlife-associated human and livestock rabies cases has increased in recent years, particularly in the southeast and northeast regions of mainland china. to better understand wildlife rabies and its role in human and livestock rabies, we reviewed what is known about wildlife rabies from the 1990s to 2013 in mainland china. in addition, the genetic diversity and phylogeny of available wildlife-originated rabies viruses (rabvs) were analyzed. several wildlife spe ... | 2014 | 24911887 |
| early diagnosis of irkut virus infection using magnetic bead-based serum peptide profiling by maldi-tof ms in a mouse model. | early diagnosis is important for the prompt post-exposure prophylaxis of lyssavirus infections. to diagnose irkut virus (irkv) infection during incubation in mice, a novel method using magnetic bead-based serum peptide profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been established. for this test, serum peptides were concentrated by adsorption to and elution from the magnetic bead-based weak cation ion exchanger. mass spectrograms obt ... | 2014 | 24670473 |
| [rl-rvg inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro]. | to infect lung adenocarcinoma a549 cells with recombinant lasota strain newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (rl-rvg), and explore the effect of rl-rvg on proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells. | 2014 | 24796735 |
| raccoonpoxvirus safety in immunocompromised and pregnant mouse models. | numerous poxviruses infect humans and animal hosts, and a poxvirus vaccine with an improved safety profile is needed as the current vaccinia virus vaccine is contraindicated in individuals that have a history of eczema or heart disease, or are immunocompromised or pregnant. in addition, poxviruses make excellent vaccine vectors for other infectious diseases and cancer. raccoonpoxvirus is a naturally occurring attenuated north american poxvirus, and thus it is of interest as a vaccine vector plat ... | 2014 | 24837508 |
| immunology of bats and their viruses: challenges and opportunities. | bats are reservoir hosts of several high-impact viruses that cause significant human diseases, including nipah virus, marburg virus and rabies virus. they also harbor many other viruses that are thought to have caused disease in humans after spillover into intermediate hosts, including sars and mers coronaviruses. as is usual with reservoir hosts, these viruses apparently cause little or no pathology in bats. despite the importance of bats as reservoir hosts of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic ... | 2014 | 25494448 |
| [not available]. | important preventive measures carried out in the herds of domestic animals have found improving the health status of farms, particularly for contagious diseases subject to mandatory declaration and accompanying drastic but necessary eradication measures in infected flocks. however it is more difficult to apply these same biosecurity measures on wildlife that may have been contaminated or not by domestic animals. the growing number of emerging infectious diseases of wildlife may reflect increased ... | 2014 | 27120911 |
| rabies virus glycoprotein and immune response pattern using recombinant protein or recombinant rna viral vectors. | the present study shows the humoral and cellular aspects of immune response generated by a recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (rrvgp) as compared to those generated by viral vector carrying the rna coding for this protein (rvgp-rna). the rrvgp was synthesized by stably transfected drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2) cells and the rvgp-rna was carried by a recombinant semiliki forest virus (sfv-rvgp). the data show that protein as well as the rna vaccine was capable of inducing reasonably ... | 2014 | 24598721 |
| the stimulus selectivity and connectivity of layer six principal cells reveals cortical microcircuits underlying visual processing. | sensory computations performed in the neocortex involve layer six (l6) cortico-cortical (cc) and cortico-thalamic (ct) signaling pathways. developing an understanding of the physiological role of these circuits requires dissection of the functional specificity and connectivity of the underlying individual projection neurons. by combining whole-cell recording from identified l6 principal cells in the mouse primary visual cortex (v1) with modified rabies virus-based input mapping, we have determin ... | 2014 | 25175879 |
| assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of dog owners to canine rabies in wukari metropolis, taraba state, nigeria. | canine rabies is endemic and occurs throughout the year in all parts of nigeria. a descriptive cross sectional study was designed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of dog owners towards rabies, to check for the presence of rabies antigens in brain tissue of dogs slaughtered for human consumption and to assess rabies vaccination coverage of dogs in wukari. structured questionnaires were prepared and administered to 200 dog owners by face to face interview. the questionnaire sought inform ... | 2014 | 25168987 |
| assessment of rabies exposure risk in a group of u.s. air force basic trainees - texas, january 2014. | in january 2014, members of the joint base san antonio (jbsa)-lackland, texas, preventive medicine and public health teams evaluated a u.s. air force basic training squadron for potential exposure in sleeping bays to rabies virus carried by mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis). exposure to bats while asleep or otherwise unaware is an important risk factor for rabies in the united states. over the past several decades, most indigenous human rabies infections in the united states have ... | 2014 | 25166925 |
| rabies virus hijacks and accelerates the p75ntr retrograde axonal transport machinery. | rabies virus (rabv) is a neurotropic virus that depends on long distance axonal transport in order to reach the central nervous system (cns). the strategy rabv uses to hijack the cellular transport machinery is still not clear. it is thought that rabv interacts with membrane receptors in order to internalize and exploit the endosomal trafficking pathway, yet this has never been demonstrated directly. the p75 nerve growth factor (ngf) receptor (p75ntr) binds rabv glycoprotein (rabv-g) with high a ... | 2014 | 25165859 |
| molecular epidemiology of reemergent rabies in yunnan province, southwestern china. | yunnan province in china borders 3 countries (vietnam, laos, and myanmar) in southeast asia. in the 1980s, a large-scale rabies epidemic occurred in this province, which subsided by the late 1990s. however, 3 human cases of rabies in 2000 indicated reemergence of the disease in 1 county. in 2012, rabies was detected in 77 counties; 663 persons died of rabies during this new epidemic. fifty two rabies virus strains obtained during 2008-2012 were identified and analyzed phylogenetically by sequenc ... | 2014 | 25144604 |
| characterization of the biological properties and complete genome sequence analysis of a cattle-derived rabies virus isolate from the guangxi province of southern china. | in this study, a street rabies virus isolate, gxhxn, was obtained from the brain of one rabid cattle in guangxi province of southern china. to characterize the biological properties of gxhxn, we first evaluated its pathogenicity using 4-week-old adult mice. gxhxn was highly pathogenic with a short incubation period and course of disease. its ld50 of 10(-6.86)/ml is significantly higher than the ld50 of 10(-5.19)/ml of gxn119, a dog-derived rabies virus isolate. it also displayed a higher neurotr ... | 2014 | 25142164 |
| [hematophagous bats as reservoirs of rabies]. | rabies continues to be a challenge for public health authorities and a constraint to the livestock industry in latin america. wild and domestic canines and vampire bats are the main transmitter species and reservoirs of the disease. currently, variations observed in the epidemiological profile of rabies, where the species of hematophagous bat desmodus rotundus constitutes the main transmitting species. over the years, knowledge has accumulated about the ecology, biology and behavior of this spec ... | 2014 | 25123871 |
| rabies in the insectivorous pallas's mastiff bat (molossus molossus) in northeastern brazil. | we describe the pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in five cases of rabies in the insectivorous pallas's mastiff bat (molossus molossus) in the city of patos, state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. all cases were found during the day, in different neighborhoods, prostrate and unable to fly. no significant lesions were observed at necropsy or on histologic examination. the brains of the five bats showed strong immunohistochemical labeling for rabies virus in the form of large corpuscles ... | 2014 | 25121411 |
| [study on the b cell linear epitopes of rabies virus cvs-11 nucleoprotein]. | to study the b cell linear epitopes of rabies virus cvs-11 nucleoprotein, peptides were synthesized according to the amino acid sequences of b cell linear epitopes. linear epitopes predicted by bioinformatics analysis were evaluated with immunological techniques. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that titers of antibodies to peptides (355-369 and 385-400 residues of rabies virus cvs-11 nucleoprotein) were above 1:12 800 in mouse sera. the antibodies recognized denatured rabies vi ... | 2014 | 25118379 |
| diagnosis and molecular typing of rabies virus in samples stored in inadequate conditions. | the exposure of nervous tissue samples to high temperatures affects the sensitivity of rabies virus diagnostic tests, causing degradation of the viral structure. this study evaluated reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the diagnosis and molecular characterization of brain tissue samples in an advanced state of decomposition and poorly conserved viral isolates by comparing it with routine diagnostic tests. | 2014 | 25116668 |
| organization of monosynaptic inputs to the serotonin and dopamine neuromodulatory systems. | serotonin and dopamine are major neuromodulators. here, we used a modified rabies virus to identify monosynaptic inputs to serotonin neurons in the dorsal and median raphe (dr and mr). we found that inputs to dr and mr serotonin neurons are spatially shifted in the forebrain, and mr serotonin neurons receive inputs from more medial structures. then, we compared these data with inputs to dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (vta) and substantia nigra pars compacta (snc). we found that d ... | 2014 | 25108805 |
| removing residual dna from vero-cell culture-derived human rabies vaccine by using nuclease. | the clearance of host cell dna is a critical indicator for vero-cell culture-derived rabies vaccine. in this study, we evaluated the clearance of dna in vero-cell culture-derived rabies vaccine by purification process utilizing ultrafiltration, nuclease digestion, and gel filtration chromatography. the results showed that the bioprocess of using nuclease decreased residual dna. dot-blot hybridization analysis showed that the residual host cell dna was <100 pg/ml in the final product. the residua ... | 2014 | 25108516 |
| enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability is required for intravenously administered virus neutralizing antibodies to clear an established rabies virus infection from the brain and prevent the development of rabies in mice. | rabies virus (rabv) is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal disease in humans and animals. currently there is no cure for rabies once clinical signs appear. it is believed that once rabv enters the central nervous system (cns), virus neutralizing antibodies (vnas) in the periphery cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and into the cns. furthermore, it has been hypothesized that vnas produced in the cns by invading b cells, rather than those produced in the periphery and then transpo ... | 2014 | 25108172 |
| cartography of serotonergic circuits. | serotonin is an essential neuromodulator, but the precise circuit connectivity that regulates serotonergic neurons has not been well defined. using rabies virus tracing strategies weissbourd et al. (2014) and pollak dorocic et al. (2014) in this issue of neuron and ogawa et al. (2014) in cell reports provide a comprehensive map of the inputs to serotonergic neurons, highlighting the complexity and diversity of potential upstream cellular regulators. | 2014 | 25102556 |
| rabies in poland in 2012. | evaluation of the epidemiological situation of rabies in poland in 2012. | 2014 | 25391011 |
| alterations in brain cerebral cortex proteome of rabies-infected cat. | comparative proteome analysis using brain cerebral cortex tissues from cats and dogs infected with/without rabies virus were conducted using both two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis (2-de) and 2-d fluorescence difference gel- electrophoresis (2d-dige) methods. the 2-de gel images of all samples revealed >1,000 protein spots in each gel. quantitative intensity analysis revealed the same overall protein pattern in certain regions of the gel, but the rabies-infected brains exhibited more protein sp ... | 2014 | 25427348 |
| safety and immunogenicity of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (vaxirab n) administered intradermally as post exposure prophylaxis. | the affordability to rabies vaccine for intramuscular administration in post exposure prophylaxis is a major constraint. therefore, in countries, where there are financial constraints, world health organization recommends intradermal rabies vaccination that reduces the quantity and cost of vaccination. this study was done to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of indigenously developed rabies vaccine (vaxirab n) in comparison to a who recommended rabies vaccine (rabipur) with demonstrated eff ... | 2014 | 25424951 |
| analysis of adaptive evolution in lyssavirus genomes reveals pervasive diversifying selection during species diversification. | lyssavirus is a diverse genus of viruses that infect a variety of mammalian hosts, typically causing encephalitis. the evolution of this lineage, particularly the rabies virus, has been a focus of research because of the extensive occurrence of cross-species transmission, and the distinctive geographical patterns present throughout the diversification of these viruses. although numerous studies have examined pattern-related questions concerning lyssavirus evolution, analyses of the evolutionary ... | 2014 | 25415197 |
| protective effect of different anti-rabies virus vhh constructs against rabies disease in mice. | rabies virus causes lethal brain infection in about 61000 people per year. each year, tens of thousands of people receive anti-rabies prophylaxis with plasma-derived immunoglobulins and vaccine soon after exposure. anti-rabies immunoglobulins are however expensive and have limited availability. vhh are the smallest antigen-binding functional fragments of camelid heavy chain antibodies, also called nanobodies. the therapeutic potential of anti-rabies vhh was examined in a mouse model using intran ... | 2014 | 25347556 |
| comparative analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms of street rabies virus strains with different virulence levels. | to characterize two strains of street rabies virus (rabv) isolated from the brain tissue of cattle from inner mongolia. differences in the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the brain tissue of infected mice were determined to reveal variation in the pathogenesis of infection between street rabies virus strains. | 2014 | 25341810 |
| bufotenine is able to block rabies virus infection in bhk-21 cells. | rabies is a fatal zoonotic neglected disease that occurs in more than 150 countries, and kills more than 55.000 people every year. it is caused by an enveloped single stranded rna virus that affects the central nervous system, through an infection initiated by the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, according to many authors. alkaloids, such as acetylcholine, are widespread molecules in nature. they are present in numerous biological fluids, including the skin secretion of many amphibians ... | 2014 | 25337122 |
| recombinant rabies virus expressing ifnα1 enhanced immune responses resulting in its attenuation and stronger immunogenicity. | several studies have shown that type 1 interferons (ifns) exert multiple biological effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. here, we investigated the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant rabies virus (rabv) expressing canine interferon α1 (rhep-caifnα1). it was shown that kun ming (km) mice that received a single intramuscular immunization with rhep-caifnα1 had an earlier increase and a higher level of virus-neutralizing antibody titers compared with immunization of the ... | 2014 | 25310498 |
| right place, wrong species: a 20-year review of rabies virus cross species transmission among terrestrial mammals in the united states. | in the continental us, four terrestrial mammalian species are reservoirs for seven antigenic rabies virus variants. cross species transmission (cst) occurs when a rabies virus variant causes disease in non-reservoir species. | 2014 | 25295750 |
| [sequencing and analysis of n gene of street rabies virus isolated from different hosts in zhejiang province]. | to elucidate the characteristics of genetic variability and its relationship with prevalence, through sequencing and analysis of n gene among street rabies virus isolated from different hosts (homo sapiens, ferret badger, dog) in zhejiang province. | 2014 | 25294078 |
| rabies in rodents and lagomorphs in the united states, 1995-2010. | to assess the epidemiology of rabies in rodents and lagomorphs and provide information that will enable public health officials to make recommendations regarding postexposure prophylaxis for humans after contact with these animals. | 2014 | 25029313 |
| rabies. | 2014 | 25015507 | |
| transient expression of rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp) in drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2) cells. | the transient transfection process has been developed to allow rapid production of recombinant proteins. in this paper, we describe the transient expression of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp) in drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2) cells. different cell transfection reagents were evaluated, together with the effects of different cell cultivation procedures on rvgp expression. yields of rvgp in the range 50-90ng/10(7) cells were obtained in multi-well plate transfection experimen ... | 2014 | 25011097 |
| effects of carcase decomposition on rabies virus infectivity and detection. | carcases received for rabies diagnosis are occasionally decomposed due to delays in finding, submitting or storing them. positive diagnostic results from such samples are reliable but negative results may be invalid. previous studies assessed the effect of decomposition on rabies detection using excised brains. to better reflect decomposition in the field, intact infected mouse carcases were stored at three temperatures for up to 70 days. the brains were then removed and tested using routine rab ... | 2014 | 25010791 |
| characterization of long descending premotor propriospinal neurons in the spinal cord. | the motor function of the spinal cord requires the computation of the local neuronal circuits within the same segments as well as the long-range coordination of different spinal levels. implicated players in this process are the propriospinal neurons (ppns) that project their axons across different levels of the spinal cord. however, their cellular, molecular, and functional properties remain unknown. here we use a recombinant rabies virus-based method to label a specific type of long-projecting ... | 2014 | 25009272 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of a plasmid dna rabies vaccine incorporating myd88 as a genetic adjuvant. | myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88), a ubiquitous toll-like receptor adaptor molecule, has been reported to play important roles in b cell responses to infections and vaccination. the present study evaluated the effects of genetic adjuvanting with myd88 on the immune responses to a plasmid dna rabies vaccine. | 2014 | 25003094 |
| control of canine rabies in developing countries: key features and animal welfare implications. | over 90% of human deaths from rabies worldwide are caused by dog bites. mass vaccination, along with the effective control of dog populations, has been used successfully in industrialised countries to control this disease. a lower success rate in developing countries is due to a number of factors, including vaccination campaigns that do not cover a sufficient number of animals or reach all communities, and a wide biodiversity that increases the number of reservoirs of the rabies virus. education ... | 2014 | 25000804 |
| comparison of antibody response to a non-adjuvanted, live canarypox-vectored recombinant rabies vaccine and a killed, adjuvanted rabies vaccine in eld's deer (rucervus eldi thamin). | captive eld's deer (rucervus eldi thamin) were evaluated for the presence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition after vaccination with either a live canarypox-vectored recombinant rabies vaccine or a killed monovalent rabies vaccine. twelve deer were vaccinated with 1.0 ml of killed, adjuvanted, monovalent rabies vaccine at 5-33 mo of age then annually thereafter, and 14 deer were vaccinated with 1.0 ml nonadjuvanted, live canarypox-vectored rabies va ... | 2014 | 25000692 |
| a recombinant rabies vaccine expressing the trimeric form of the glycoprotein confers enhanced immunogenicity and protection in outbred mice. | rabies is a disease characterized by an invariably lethal encephalitis of viral origin that can be controlled by preventive vaccination programs of wildlife, domestic animals and humans in areas with a high risk of exposure. currently available vaccines are expensive, cumbersome to produce and require intensive immunization and booster schemes to induce and maintain protective immunity. in the present study, we describe the development of candidate recombinant subunit rabies vaccines based on th ... | 2014 | 24962755 |
| alterations in microrna expression profile in rabies virus-infected mouse neurons. | rabies virus (rabv) is known to cause a fatal infection in many mammalian species, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. this study was performed to analyze the microrna (mirna) expression profiles in rabv-infected primary neurons of mice. a total of 53 mirnas were found to be differentially expressed in rabv-infected samples compared with mock samples in a time-dependent manner. among them, the expression of ten mirnas was validated by real-time rt-pcr. potential target genes of diffe ... | 2014 | 24957716 |
| complete genome sequence of a rabies virus isolated from a human in central african republic. | to validate the feasibility of using next-generation sequencing in an african context, the complete genome of a rabies virus isolated from a human patient was obtained by high-throughput sequencing after virus isolation in mice and random unbiased amplification. phylogenetic analysis suggested that this virus belongs to the africa ii clade. | 2014 | 24948767 |
| a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for the quantitation of rabies virus nucleoprotein in the rabies vaccine. | sensitive, precise and rapid detection tests are needed in the quality control of rabies vaccine for rabies virus nucleoprotein. previous studies for quantitation of rabies virus nucleoprotein focused on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a novel immunoassay for rapid determination of rabies virus nucleoprotein in rabies vaccine was first established by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (trfia). based on a sandwich-type immunoassay format, analytes in samples were captured by one monoclona ... | 2014 | 24928690 |
| genetically targeted binary labeling of retinal neurons. | a major stumbling block to understanding neural circuits is the extreme anatomical and functional diversity of interneurons. subsets of interneurons can be targeted for manipulation using cre mouse lines, but cre expression is rarely confined to a single interneuron type. it is essential to have a strategy that further restricts labeling in cre driver lines. we now describe an approach that combines cre driver mice, recombinant adeno-associated virus, and rabies virus to produce sparse but binar ... | 2014 | 24899708 |
| how do we walk and chew gum at the same time? | a genetic approach has been used to map the neural circuits that control and coordinate the tongue and jaw muscles. | 2014 | 24894467 |
| the adaptation of a ctn-1 rabies virus strain to high-titered growth in chick embryo cells for vaccine development. | rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies, a central nervous system disease that is almost invariably fatal. currently vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing rabies, and vaccines are most commonly produced from cultured cells. although the vaccine strains employed in china include ctn, ag, pm and pv, there are no reports of strains that are adapted to primary chick embryo cells for use in human rabies prevention in china. | 2014 | 24885666 |
| the analysis of vh and vl genes repertoires of fab library built from peripheral b cells of human rabies virus vaccinated donors. | a human combinatorial fab antibody library was generated from immune repertoire based on peripheral b cells of ten rabies virus vaccinated donors. the analysis of random fab fragments from the unselected library presented some bias of v gene usage towards ighv-genes and iglv-gen families. the screening of the fab library on rabies virus allowed specific human fab antibody fragments characterized for their gene encoding sequences, binding and specificities to rv. genetic analysis of selected fabs ... | 2014 | 24862931 |
| rabies in europe: what are the risks? | rabies remains a serious endemic disease in animal populations in many european countries. oral vaccination by use of rabies vaccine baits has proved to be durably efficient for controlling and eliminating terrestrial rabies. however, the recurrence of rabies in some countries highlights the fragility of rabies-free country status and the need for continuous surveillance. in eastern and southern countries, the rabies control programmes for foxes should be accompanied by stray dog management meas ... | 2014 | 24847903 |
| sequencing and molecular characterization of ctncec25, a china fixed rabies virus vaccine strain ctn-1 adapted to primary chicken embryo cells. | rabies virus is the main etiologic agent of the widespread neurological disease rabies. recently, the china rabies virus vaccine strain ctn-1 adapted to chicken embryo cells, which has been designated as ctncec25, was obtained and demonstrated to have high immunogenicity. however, the full genome sequence of ctncec25 and its phylogenetic relationship with other rabies virus street and vaccine strains have not been characterized. | 2014 | 25287886 |
| re-emergence of rabies in the guangxi province of southern china. | human rabies cases in the guangxi province of china decreased from 839 in 1982 to 24 in 1995, but subsequently underwent a sharp increase, and has since maintained a high level. | 2014 | 25275567 |
| anterograde glycoprotein-dependent transport of newly generated rabies virus in dorsal root ganglion neurons. | rabies virus (rabv) spread is widely accepted to occur only by retrograde axonal transport. however, examples of anterograde rabv spread in peripheral neurons such as dorsal root ganglion (drg) neurons indicated a possible bidirectional transport by an uncharacterized mechanism. here, we analyzed the axonal transport of fluorescence-labeled rabv in drg neurons by live-cell microscopy. both entry-related retrograde transport of rabv after infection at axon endings and postreplicative transport of ... | 2014 | 25275124 |
| [not available]. | more than 1 240 species of bats are known; many of them are insectivorous, others are frugivorous and some american species are haematophagous. more than 100 diferent viruses are associated with these mammals, particularly rhabdoviridae (lyssavirus like rabies virus), paramyxoviridae (like nipah and hendra viruses), filoviridae (ebola and marburg viruses) and coronavirida (viruses causing sars and mers). these infections are usually asymptomatic in bats but the mechanism of this tolerance is not ... | 2014 | 27120912 |
| clinical features and pathobiology of ebolavirus infection. | there has clearly been a deluge of international press coverage of the recent outbreak of ebolavirus in africa and is partly related to the "fear factor" that comes across when one is confronted with the fact that once infected, not only is the speed of death in a majority of cases rapid but also the images of the cause of death such as bleeding from various orifices gruesome and frightening. the fact that it leads to infection and death of health care providers (10% during the current epidemic) ... | 2014 | 25260583 |
| rabies vaccination in a pediatric patient with acute myeloid leukemia during the course of chemotherapy: a case report. | rabies is a fatal neurological infection caused by rabies virus. the deadly rabies virus could enter into human body via the wound that has caused by mammal bite. since rabies is a fatal disease without existing effective treatment, the best way is prevention. the widely examined preventive method for rabies is the use of post exposure rabies vaccination. in this specific case report, the author has presented an interesting case report of post exposure rabies vaccination in a pediatric patient w ... | 2014 | 25250158 |
| paralytic rabies following cat scratch and intra-dermal anti-rabies vaccination. | only few reports of failure of intradermal postexposure prophylaxis for rabies following cat scratch exist in the published literature. we are reporting such a case in a 15-year-old girl. the child had category iii cat scratch on her face. she presented with progressive paralysis, finally developing quadriplegia and respiratory paralysis. typical hydrophobia and aerophobia were absent. she received intra-dermal anti-rabies cell culture vaccine. she did not receive anti-rabies immunoglobulin. the ... | 2014 | 25250074 |
| the chaperonin cctα is required for efficient transcription and replication of rabies virus. | negri bodies (nbs) are formed in the cytoplasm of rabies virus (rabv)-infected cells and are accompanied by a number of host factors to nbs, in which replication and transcription occur. here, it was found that chaperonin containing tcp-1 subunit alpha (cctα) relocalizes to nbs in rabv-infected cells, and that cotransfection of nucleo- and phospho-proteins of rabv is sufficient to recruit cctα to the nbs' structure. inhibition of cctα expression by specific short hairpin rna knockdown inhibited ... | 2014 | 25082455 |
| [rhinoorbitocerebral zygomycosis caused by rhizopus microsporus in a roe deer (capreolus capreolus)]. | an one-year-old male roe deer (capreolus capreolus) with abnormal behaviour was shot in order to exclude rabies virus infection. the 12.8 kg weighing animal was emaciated and revealed an asymmetric head with protruding left eye and expositional keratitis. there was a grey whitish soft mass within the caudal nasal cavity, which had infiltrated the frontal cerebrum through the cribriform plate and the retrobulbar tissue through the orbita. histologically, the mass consisted of a chronic granulomat ... | 2014 | 25080823 |
| bat rabies in guatemala. | rabies in bats is considered enzootic throughout the new world, but few comparative data are available for most countries in the region. as part of a larger pathogen detection program, enhanced bat rabies surveillance was conducted in guatemala, between 2009 and 2011. a total of 672 bats of 31 species were sampled and tested for rabies. the prevalence of rabies virus (rabv) detection among all collected bats was low (0.3%). viral antigens were detected and infectious virus was isolated from the ... | 2014 | 25080103 |
| rabies virus isolates of india - simultaneous existence of two distinct evolutionary lineages. | rabies is a fatal viral disease of serious public health implication. the disease is enzootic in india. in the present study, thirty six rabies virus isolates were obtained from terrestrial mammals of india during 2002-2012. ecto-domain coding region of the glycoprotein gene from all the isolates were sequenced and the phylogenetic analysis was performed in relation to the global rabies and rabies related virus isolates. the indian isolates grouped into two distinctly separate lineages with majo ... | 2014 | 25077994 |
| hematologic profile of hematophagous desmodus rotundus bats before and after experimental infection with rabies virus. | hematophagous desmodus rotundus bats play an important role in the rabies lifecycle. this study describes the hematological profile of these bats before and after experimental infection with rabies virus. | 2014 | 25075489 |
| evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic rabies field surveillance test on samples collected from military operations in africa, europe, and the middle east. | the anigen rapid rabies antigen test kit (bionote, inc, hwaseong, korea) was evaluated using 80 clinical samples collected by us military veterinary units. samples for the study were obtained from brain specimens of domestic and wildlife animals that were submitted to the us army public health command's veterinary laboratory europe in landstuhl, germany, for rabies testing with the direct fluorescent antibody test. the rapid immunodiagnostic test was able to detect rabies virus antigen in clinic ... | 2014 | 25074599 |
| the role of viral evolution in rabies host shifts and emergence. | despite its ability to infect all mammals, rabies virus persists in numerous species-specific cycles that rarely sustain transmission in alternative species. the determinants of these species-associations and the adaptive significance of genetic divergence between host-associated viruses are poorly understood. one explanation is that epidemiological separation between reservoirs causes neutral genetic differentiation. indeed, recent studies attributed host shifts to ecological factors and select ... | 2014 | 25064563 |
| limited brain metabolism changes differentiate between the progression and clearance of rabies virus. | central nervous system (cns) metabolic profiles were examined from rabies virus (rabv)-infected mice that were either mock-treated or received post-exposure treatment (pet) with a single dose of the live recombinant rabv vaccine trigas. cns tissue harvested from mock-treated mice at middle and late stage infection revealed numerous changes in energy metabolites, neurotransmitters and stress hormones that correlated with replication levels of viral rna. although the large majority of these metabo ... | 2014 | 24763072 |
| molecular characterization of cryptically circulating rabies virus from ferret badgers, taiwan. | after the last reported cases of rabies in a human in 1959 and a nonhuman animal in 1961, taiwan was considered free from rabies. however, during 2012-2013, an outbreak occurred among ferret badgers in taiwan. to examine the origin of this virus strain, we sequenced 3 complete genomes and acquired multiple rabies virus (rabv) nucleoprotein and glycoprotein sequences. phylogeographic analyses demonstrated that the rabv affecting the taiwan ferret badgers (rabv-twfb) is a distinct lineage within t ... | 2014 | 24751120 |
| efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies against major structural proteins of rabies virus with suckling mouse brain antigen. | the rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal disease in humans and animals. however, not all commercial antibodies against rabies virus (rabv) structural proteins are generally available, and production of high-quality monoclonal antibodies (mabs) requires high purification of virus particles and special facilities and is time-consuming. by using rabv-infected suckling mouse brain as antigens in this study, 11 hybridoma cells secreting mabs against rabv were obtained, which showed s ... | 2014 | 24746150 |
| aptamers targeting rabies virus-infected cells inhibit street rabies virus in vivo. | rabies is a viral infection of the cns that is almost always fatal once symptoms occur. no effective treatment of the disease is available and novel antiviral strategies are urgently required. street rabies viruses are field isolates known to be highly neurotropic. aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind their targets with high affinity and specificity and thus have potential for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. in this study, we demonstrate that the aptamers fo24 ... | 2014 | 24735817 |
| [rabies in potos flavus identified in madre de dios, peru]. | the potos flavus is a nocturnal mammal that lives in neotropical forests from central america to south america. a study of four cases of rabies in potos flavus was conducted; these occurred in april 2012 in the madre de dios region in peru and were collected as part of epidemiological surveillance. the analysis performed in the regional reference laboratory of madre de dios determined the presence of the rabies virus antigen in three of the brain tissue samples. results were verified in the labo ... | 2014 | 24718532 |
| generation of recombinant rabies virus cvs-11 expressing egfp applied to the rapid virus neutralization test. | the determination of levels of rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (vna) provides the foundation for the quantitative evaluation of immunity effects. the traditional fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test (favn) using a challenge virus standard (cvs)-11 strain as a detection antigen and staining infected cells with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled monoclonal antibody, is expensive and high-quality reagents are often difficult to obtain in developing countries. indeed, it is ess ... | 2014 | 24714411 |
| diagnosis, management and post-mortem findings of a human case of rabies imported into the united kingdom from india: a case report. | human rabies infection continues to be a significant public health burden globally, and is occasionally imported to high income settings where the milwaukee protocol for intensive care management has recently been employed, with limited success in improving survival. access to molecular diagnostics, pre- and post-mortem, and documentation of pathophysiological responses while using the milwaukee protocol, can add useful insights for the future of rabies management. | 2014 | 24708671 |
| ginsenoside re as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response to the inactivated rabies virus vaccine in mice. | the inactivated rabies virus vaccine (rv) is a relatively expensive vaccine, prone to failure in some cases. ginsenoside re (re) is a saponin isolated from panax ginseng, and has an adjuvant property. here the adjuvant effect of re to improve the immune response to the rv is evaluated in mice. icr mice were immunized with saline, 2.50mg/kg re, 20μl rv, 100μl rv, or 20μl of rv adjuvanted with re (1.25, 2.50 or 5.00mg/kg). different time points after boosting, we measured serum antibodies in blood ... | 2014 | 24680943 |
| a large-scale, rapid public health response to rabies in an organ recipient and the previously undiagnosed organ donor. | this article describes and contrasts the public health response to two human rabies cases: one organ recipient diagnosed within days of symptom onset and the transplant donor who was diagnosed 18 months post-symptom onset. in response to an organ-transplant-related rabies case diagnosed in 2013, organ donor and recipient investigations were conducted by multiple public health agencies. persons with potential exposure to infectious patient materials were assessed for rabies virus exposure. an exp ... | 2014 | 24673934 |
| phylodynamics of vampire bat-transmitted rabies in argentina. | common vampire bat populations distributed from mexico to argentina are important rabies reservoir hosts in latin america. the aim of this work was to analyse the population structure of the rabies virus (rabv) variants associated with vampire bats in the americas and to study their phylodynamic pattern within argentina. the phylogenetic analysis based on all available vampire bat-related n gene sequences showed both a geographical and a temporal structure. the two largest groups of rabv variant ... | 2014 | 24661865 |
| spatial patterns of neutral and functional genetic variations reveal patterns of local adaptation in raccoon (procyon lotor) populations exposed to raccoon rabies. | local adaptation is necessary for population survival and depends on the interplay between responses to selective forces and demographic processes that introduce or retain adaptive and maladaptive attributes. host-parasite systems are dynamic, varying in space and time, where both host and parasites must adapt to their ever-changing environment in order to survive. we investigated patterns of local adaptation in raccoon populations with varying temporal exposure to the raccoon rabies virus (rrv) ... | 2014 | 24655158 |
| [calbindin and parvalbumin distribution in spinal cord of normal and rabies-infected mice]. | rabies is a fatal infectious disease of the nervous system; however, the knowledge about the pathogenic neural mechanisms in rabies is scarce. in addition, there are few studies of rabies pathology of the spinal cord. | 2014 | 24652212 |
| molecular characterization of three ferret badger (melogale moschata) rabies virus isolates from jiangxi province, china. | ferret badger (fb) rabies viruses jx09-17(fb), jx09-18 and jx10-37 were isolated from three different regions in jiangxi province, china, in 2009 and 2010. the complete nucleotide sequence identity between these three isolates was 87-93 %. compared with the other chinese rabies virus isolates and vaccine strains, 101 substitutions (53 in jx10-37, 23 in jx09-17(fb) and 25 in jx09-18) in the five structural proteins were observed, and 47 of these substitutions (27 in jx10-37, 14 in jx09-17(fb) and ... | 2014 | 24643334 |
| oral vaccination and protection of striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) against rabies using onrab®. | skunks are one of the most important rabies vector species in north america due to their wide geographic distribution, high susceptibility to the rabies virus, and tendency to inhabit areas around human dwellings and domestic animals. oral vaccination is a cost-effective, socially acceptable technique often used to control rabies in terrestrial wildlife; however, control of rabies in skunks has proven especially challenging due to the lack of a vaccine effective by the oral route in this species ... | 2014 | 24814554 |
| reemergence of rabies in the southern han river region, korea. | recently, 11 cases of animal rabies were reported in the southern region (suwon and hwaseong cities) of gyeonggi province, south korea. the cases were temporally separated into two cases in dogs (canis lupus familiaris) in spring 2012 and nine cases in domestic animals and wildlife in winter 2012-13. all carcasses were submitted for histopathologic examination and viral antigen identification. sequences of the glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and glycoprotein-large polymerase protein intergenic nonc ... | 2014 | 24807360 |
| safety and immunogenicity of ontario rabies vaccine bait (onrab) in the first us field trial in raccoons (procyon lotor). | in 2011, we conducted a field trial in rural west virginia, usa to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live, recombinant human adenovirus (adrg1.3) rabies virus glycoprotein vaccine (ontario rabies vaccine bait; onrab) in wild raccoons (procyon lotor) and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis). we selected onrab for evaluation because of its effectiveness in raccoon rabies management in ontario and quebec, canada, and significantly higher antibody prevalence rates in raccoons compared with a ... | 2014 | 24807178 |
| vampire bat rabies: ecology, epidemiology and control. | extensive surveillance in bat populations in response to recent emerging diseases has revealed that this group of mammals acts as a reservoir for a large range of viruses. however, the oldest known association between a zoonotic virus and a bat is that between rabies virus and the vampire bat. vampire bats are only found in latin america and their unique method of obtaining nutrition, blood-feeding or haematophagy, has only evolved in the new world. the adaptations that enable blood-feeding also ... | 2014 | 24784570 |