Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mechanism of interference mediated by human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. | viral interference is characterized by the resistance of infected cells to infection by a challenge virus. mechanisms of viral interference have not been characterized for human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3), and the possible role of the neuraminidase (receptor-destroying) enzyme of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein has not been assessed. to determine whether continual hn expression results in depletion of the viral receptors and thus prevents entry and cell fusion, we tested ... | 2000 | 11090179 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 infections in hematopoetic stem cell transplant recipients: response to ribavirin therapy. | parainfluenza virus (piv) infection can be a problem among hematopoetic stem cell transplant recipients. 125 patients were prospectively evaluated for respiratory viral infections. we describe 5 patients with piv 3 infection and their response to early treatment with ribavirin. | 2000 | 11096028 |
| adult croup: a rare but more severe condition. | we report the first adult patient with virologically confirmed croup caused by parainfluenza virus type 3 and review 10 cases of adult croup described in the english-language literature. circumstantial evidence of viral infection was present in only 1 other case, in which there was a rise in antibody titer against influenza b virus. ten patients (91%) required intensive care support. none of the 11 patients died. a comparison was also made between the 11 adults with croup and 43 children hospita ... | 2000 | 11124654 |
| a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3. | the fusion glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type-3 (piv-3) mediate virus entry and syncytium formation. interaction between the fusion protein of rsv and rhoa, a small gtpase, facilitates virus-induced syncytium formation. we show here a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits rsv and syncytium formation induced by rsv and piv-3, both in vitro by inhibition of cell-to-cell fusion and in vivo by reduction of peak titer by 2 log10 in rsv-infected mice. t ... | 2000 | 10613821 |
| a live attenuated recombinant chimeric parainfluenza virus (piv) candidate vaccine containing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion glycoproteins of piv1 and the remaining proteins from piv3 induces resistance to piv1 even in animals immune to piv3. | using a reverse genetics system for piv3, we previously recovered recombinant chimeric piv3-piv1 virus bearing the major protective antigens of piv1, the hemaglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins, on a background of piv3 genes bearing temperature sensitive (ts) and attenuating mutations in the l gene. immunization of hamsters with this virus, designated rpiv3-1.cp45l, induced a high level of resistance to replication of wild type (wt) piv1 and, surprisingly, also induced a moderate amount o ... | 2000 | 10618533 |
| detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 in clinical samples of pediatric patients by multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. | we describe a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (m-rt-pcr) assay that is able to detect and differentiate all known human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs). serial dilution experiments with reference strains that compared cell culture isolation and m-rt-pcr showed sensitivities ranging from 0.0004 50% tissue culture infective dose (tcid(50)) for hpiv type 4b (hpiv-4b) to 32 tcid(50)s for hpiv-3. as few as 10 plasmids containing hpiv pcr products could be detected in all cases. when 201 nasopharyng ... | 2000 | 10699020 |
| a recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) in which the nucleocapsid n protein has been replaced by that of bovine piv3 is attenuated in primates. | the shipping fever (sf) and kansas (ka) strains of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) are restricted in their replication in rhesus monkeys 100- to 1,000-fold compared to human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), and the ka strain also was shown to be attenuated in humans. to initiate an investigation of the genetic basis of the attenuation of bpiv3 in primates, we produced viable chimeric hpiv3 recombinants containing the nucleoprotein (n) open reading frame (orf) from either bpiv3 ka or ... | 2000 | 10708435 |
| precise mapping of the replication and transcription promoters of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | the terminal rna regions of the genomic and antigenomic rnas of the paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses are known to contain sequences essential for directing rna replication and transcription. the 3' terminus (leader region) of the negative-sense, genomic rna of the rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses is known as the leader (le) promoter and directs synthesis of positive-sense replication and transcription products. the 3' terminus of the antigenome is termed the trailer complementary (trc) promote ... | 2000 | 10725212 |
| specific phosphorylated forms of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase associate with human parainfluenza virus type 3 and inhibit viral transcription in vitro. | we previously reported specific interaction of cellular glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), the key glycolytic enzyme, and la protein, the rna polymerase iii transcription factor, with the cis-acting rnas of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) and packaging of these proteins within purified virions (b. p. de, s. gupta, h. zhao, j. z. drazba, and a. k. banerjee, j. biol. chem. 271:24728-24735, 1996). to gain further insight into these molecular interactions, we analyzed the vir ... | 2000 | 10729139 |
| african green monkeys provide a useful nonhuman primate model for the study of human parainfluenza virus types-1, -2, and -3 infection. | human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) types-1, -2, and -3 are significant causes of both upper and lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children. although there are two live attenuated vaccines for the prevention of hpiv-3 disease in phase 1 clinical trials, vaccines are not currently available for prevention of hpiv-1 or -2 disease. our laboratory is developing candidate vaccines for the prevention of hpiv-1, -2, and -3 disease, and a suitable nonhuman primate model is needed for evaluatio ... | 2000 | 10738104 |
| paramyxoviridae use distinct virus-specific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response. | stat1 and stat2 are cellular transcription factors involved in interferon (ifn) signaling and are thus critical for the ifn-induced antiviral state. we have previously shown that the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) blocks both type i and type ii interferon (ifn) signaling by targeting stat1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. to determine whether this is a feature common to all paramyxoviridae, we examined the abilities of sv5, sendai virus (sev), human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and ... | 2000 | 10753717 |
| effect of parainfluenza-3 virus challenge on cell-mediated immune function in parainfluenza-3 vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves. | a group of four conventional, colostrum-fed calves was vaccinated with live parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus vaccine at 1 and 5 weeks of age. a group of four control calves was treated with cell culture medium at the same time. two weeks after the second vaccination, both groups of calves were challenged with pi-3 virus by a combined respiratory route. blood and nasal mucus samples were collected at intervals, and alveolar macrophages were recovered before and after challenge by bronchoalveolar ... | 2000 | 10756139 |
| a step ahead. infant protection through maternal immunization. | the concept of maternal immunization to prevent infectious diseases during a period of increased vulnerability in infants is not new and is supported by historical experience and carefully conducted studies of various viral and bacterial vaccines. candidate vaccines should be minimally reactogenic, immunogenic, and safe for maternal immunization to be considered as a disease prevention strategy. the possibilities increase as more potential candidate vaccines for use during pregnancy become avail ... | 2000 | 10761514 |
| filamentous particle formation by human parainfluenza virus type 2. | some paramyxoviruses form long filamentous virus particles: however, the determinants of filament formation and the role of such particles in virus transmission and pathogenicity are not clearly defined. by using conventional immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv2) forms filamentous particles ranging from 5 to 15 microm in length in virus-infected, polarized epithelial cells. the formation of filamentous particles was found to be virus type-specific ... | 2000 | 10769073 |
| [rapid diagnosis of principal respiratory viruses in the city of havana, 1995-97]. | acute respiratory diseases (ard) are the most common infections in humans and difficult to prevent. viruses have been recognized as predominant ethiological agents. in cuba, ard constitute a major problem of health and are the first cause of morbidity and important cause of mortality. in this paper, rapid diagnosis was performed to 516 clinical samples which arrived to the reference respiratory viruses laboratory of the pedro kourí institute of tropical medicine (ipk) from different parts of hav ... | 2000 | 10785939 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses in a community hospital. | an indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa) procedure was used for the rapid detection of respiratory viruses in direct clinical specimens and for determining the epidemiology of viruses in a community hospital setting. viral respiratory diseases were monitored for 10 consecutive respiratory seasons. the bartels viral respiratory screening and identification kit is an ifa method that contains pooled and individual monoclonal antibodies for seven common respiratory viruses. compared with 8,670 conven ... | 2000 | 10799452 |
| virus- and bradykinin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. | the involvement of bradykinin in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) in guinea pig airways in vivo was determined with the b(2)-receptor antagonist hoe 140. the efficacy of hoe 140 treatment was assessed through its effect on the bradykinin-induced (up to 2.5 microgram/100 g b.w. administered intravenously) decrease in blood pressure (bp). hoe 140 (0.1 micromol/kg), administered subcutaneously twice a day for 5 d almost completely blocked bradykinin-induced changes in bp. four days af ... | 2000 | 10806173 |
| isolation of respiratory bovine coronavirus, other cytocidal viruses, and pasteurella spp from cattle involved in two natural outbreaks of shipping fever. | to identify cytocidal viruses and pasteurella spp that could be isolated from cattle involved in 2 natural outbreaks of shipping fever. | 2000 | 10825949 |
| role of nh(2)- and cooh-terminal domains of the p protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 in transcription and replication. | the phosphoproteins (p proteins) of paramyxoviruses play a central role in transcription and replication of the viruses by forming the rna polymerase complex l-p and encapsidation complex (n-p) with nucleocapsid protein (n) and binding to n protein-encapsidated genome rna template (n-rna template). we have analyzed the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) p protein and deletion mutants thereof in an in vitro transcription and in vivo replication system. the in vitro system utilizes purified ... | 2000 | 10846069 |
| respiratory syncytial virus g and/or sh glycoproteins modify cc and cxc chemokine mrna expression in the balb/c mouse. | chemokine mrna expression by pulmonary leukocytes following infection of balb/c mice with two strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and one strain of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) was determined. the results suggest that rsv g and/or sh proteins inhibit early mip-1alpha, mip-1beta, mip-2, mcp-1, and ip-10 mrna expression. tca-3 mrna expression was found to be increased during piv-3 infection. | 2000 | 10846112 |
| replacement of the ectodomains of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion glycoproteins of recombinant parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) with their counterparts from piv2 yields attenuated piv2 vaccine candidates. | we sought to develop a live attenuated parainfluenza virus type 2 (piv2) vaccine strain for use in infants and young children, using reverse genetic techniques that previously were used to rapidly produce a live attenuated piv1 vaccine candidate. the piv1 vaccine candidate, designated rpiv3-1cp45, was generated by substituting the full-length hn and f proteins of piv1 for those of piv3 in the attenuated cp45 piv3 vaccine candidate (t. tao et al., j. virol. 72:2955-2961, 1998; m. h. skiadopoulos ... | 2000 | 10864657 |
| sequence determination and molecular analysis of two strains of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 that are attenuated for primates. | the kansas/15626/84 (ka) and shipping fever (sf) strains of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) replicate less efficiently than human piv3 (hpiv3) in the upper and lower respiratory tract of rhesus monkeys, and bpiv3 ka is also highly attenuated in humans and is in clinical trials as a candidate vaccine against hpiv3. to initiate an investigation of the genetic basis of the observed attenuation phenotype of bpiv3 in primates, the complete genomic sequences of ka and sf genomes were determi ... | 2000 | 10872880 |
| analysis of rna secondary structure in replication of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | the terminal rna regions of the genomic and antigenomic rnas of the paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses are known to contain sequences essential for rna replication and transcription. the 3'- and 5'-termini of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) genomic rna, termed leader and trailer sequences, respectively, are capable of forming stable stem-loop structures. additionally, the 17 terminal bases of the leader and trailer are complementary and therefore also capable of forming a helical structu ... | 2000 | 10873757 |
| long nucleotide insertions between the hn and l protein coding regions of human parainfluenza virus type 3 yield viruses with temperature-sensitive and attenuation phenotypes. | recombinant parainfluenza virus 3 (rpiv3) is being developed as a vector to express foreign genes as a bivalent or multivalent live attenuated virus vaccine. in the present study, we examined the effect of inserted foreign sequence on virus replication in vitro and in vivo, focusing on the parameter of insert length. in one type of construct, foreign sequence of increasing length was flanked by piv3 transcription signals and inserted as an additional gene unit (gu insert) between the hn and l ge ... | 2000 | 10873765 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) expressing the hemagglutinin protein of measles virus provides a potential method for immunization against measles virus and piv3 in early infancy. | recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) was used as a vector to express the major protective antigen of measles virus, the hemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein, in order to create a bivalent piv3-measles virus that can be administered intranasally. the measles virus ha open reading frame (orf) was inserted as an additional transcriptional unit into the n-p, p-m, or ha-neuraminidase (hn)-l gene junction of wild-type piv3 or into the n-p or p-m gene junction of an attenuated derivative of p ... | 2000 | 10888621 |
| sensitivity comparison for detection of respiratory bovine coronaviruses in nasal samples from feedlot cattle by elisa and isolation with the g clone of hrt-18 cells. | a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect respiratory bovine coronavirus (rbcv) antigens in nasal swabs collected from cattle showing signs of respiratory tract disease following shipping. these samples had been previously tested for rbcv by inoculation of g clone cultures of human rectal tumor cells (hrt-18g) and for bovine herpes virus 1, parainfluenza virus 3, bovine adenovirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine viral di ... | 1999 | 9925206 |
| alternative mechanisms of interaction between homotypic and heterotypic parainfluenza virus hn and f proteins. | cell fusion by human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) type 2 or type 3 requires the coexpression of both the fusion (f) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins from the same virus type, indicating that promotion of fusion requires a type-specific interaction between f and hn. in this report we have further investigated the interaction of the ectodomains of the f and hn glycoproteins from hpiv2 and hpiv3. we constructed mutants of the hpiv2 f and hpiv3 f proteins (f'-kdel) lacking a transme ... | 1999 | 9934692 |
| a live attenuated chimeric recombinant parainfluenza virus (piv) encoding the internal proteins of piv type 3 and the surface glycoproteins of piv type 1 induces complete resistance to piv1 challenge and partial resistance to piv3 challenge. | the recovery of wild type and attenuated human parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) recombinant viruses has made possible a new strategy to rapidly generate a live-attenuated vaccine virus fof piv1. we previously replaced the coding sequences for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins of piv3 with those of piv1 in the piv3 antigenomic cdna. this was used to recover a fully-viable, recombinant chimeric piv3-piv1 virus, termed rpiv3-1, which bears the major protective antigens of piv1 ... | 1999 | 10195620 |
| comparison of the immunogenicity and efficacy of a replication-defective vaccinia virus expressing antigens of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) with those of a live attenuated hpiv3 vaccine candidate in rhesus monkeys passively immunized with piv3 antibodies. | two parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) vaccine candidates-cp45, a live attenuated derivative of the js wild type (wt), and a replication-defective vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase or fusion glycoprotein of human piv3 (modified vaccinia virus ankara [mva]/piv3 recombinants)-were evaluated in rhesus monkeys to determine whether successful immunization could be achieved in the presence of passively transferred piv3 antibodies. the cp45 virus, administered intrana ... | 1999 | 10228053 |
| two nucleotides immediately upstream of the essential a6g3 slippery sequence modulate the pattern of g insertions during sendai virus mrna editing. | editing of paramyxovirus p gene mrnas occurs cotranscriptionally and functions to fuse an alternate downstream open reading frame to the n-terminal half of the p protein. g residues are inserted into a short g run contained within a larger purine run (angn) in this process, by a mechanism whereby the transcribing polymerase stutters (i.e., reads the same template cytosine more than once). although sendai virus (sev) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) are closely related, the g inserti ... | 1999 | 9847338 |
| identification of mutations contributing to the temperature-sensitive, cold-adapted, and attenuation phenotypes of the live-attenuated cold-passage 45 (cp45) human parainfluenza virus 3 candidate vaccine. | the live-attenuated human parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3) cold-passage 45 (cp45) candidate vaccine was shown previously to be safe, immunogenic, and phenotypically stable in seronegative human infants. previous findings indicated that each of the three amino acid substitutions in the l polymerase protein of cp45 independently confers the temperature-sensitive (ts) and attenuation (att) phenotypes but not the cold-adaptation (ca) phenotype (29). cp45 contains 12 additional potentially important poin ... | 1999 | 9882342 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 up-regulates major histocompatibility complex class i and ii expression on respiratory epithelial cells: involvement of a stat1- and ciita-independent pathway. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) infection causes severe damage to the lung epithelium, leading to bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup in newborns and infants. cellular immunity that plays a vital role in normal antiviral action appears to be involved, possibly because of inappropriate activation, in the infection-related damage to the lung epithelium. in this study, we investigated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and ii molecules on human lung epithelial ... | 1999 | 9882346 |
| [an outbreak of parainfluenza 3 virus infection in the elderly in a ward]. | in the d ward of nagoyashi-koseiin geriatric hospital (36-beds), upper respiratory illnesses were recognized in all the inpatients between july and august in 1995, and we studied 7 elderly subjects with parainfluenza 3 infection diagnosed by serology and viral culture. the outbreak of upper respiratory illnesses occurred in the ward during the 17 days from july 21 through august 6, 1996. fifteen of the 18 elderly persons with upper respiratory illnesses were tested by serology; parainfluenza 3 i ... | 1999 | 10356886 |
| the versatility of paramyxovirus rna polymerase stuttering. | paramyxoviruses cotranscriptionally edit their p gene mrnas by expanding the number of gs of a conserved angn run. different viruses insert different distributions of guanylates, e.g., sendai virus inserts a single g, whereas parainfluenza virus type 3 inserts one to six gs. the sequences conserved at the editing site, as well as the experimental evidence, suggest that the insertions occur by a stuttering process, i.e., by pseudotemplated transcription. the number of times the polymerase "stutte ... | 1999 | 10364305 |
| investigation of seroprevalence of respiratory virus infections in an infant population with a multiantigen fluorescence immunoassay using heel-prick blood samples collected on filter paper. | respiratory viruses are an extremely common cause of childhood morbidity. however, the current seroprevalence of viruses in infant populations is difficult to establish because invasive venipuncture may be technically and ethically unacceptable. this prospective study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of respiratory viruses in an infant population by use of a novel multiantigen fluorescence immunoassay against common respiratory viruses, using heel-prick blood samples collected on filter pap ... | 1999 | 10367768 |
| immune responses and protection induced by dna vaccines encoding bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins. | this study was designed to assess the parameters influencing the magnitude and type of immune responses generated to plasmids encoding the hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins of bovine parainfluenzavirus type 3 (bpiv3). mice immunized with plasmids expressing hn or f under control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter were primed, but they did not develop measurable immune responses. in contrast, strong humoral and cellular immune responses were induced wit ... | 1999 | 10405354 |
| attenuation of the recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 cp45 candidate vaccine virus is augmented by importation of the respiratory syncytial virus cpts530 l polymerase mutation. | a phenylalanine to leucine mutation at position 521 in the l polymerase of cpts530, a live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cold-passaged (cp), temperature-sensitive (ts) candidate vaccine, specifies the ts and attenuation (att) phenotypes. sequence alignment of this region in the l proteins of several distantly related paramyxoviruses revealed that this phenylalanine is conserved. using reverse genetics, the analogous phenylalanine at position 456 in the l protein of wild-type piv3 ... | 1999 | 10405364 |
| eotaxin levels and eosinophils in guinea pig broncho-alveolar lavage fluid are increased at the onset of a viral respiratory infection. | in previous studies we found that guinea pigs demonstrate an increase in airway reactivity and eosinophil numbers 4 days after a respiratory infection with parainfluenza-3 (pi3) virus. clinical data support the possible involvement of eosinophils in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. eotaxin, a newly discovered chemokine, could be involved in eosinophil migration to the airways. in this study, eosinophil numbers were counted in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and related with ... | 1999 | 10421826 |
| betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. | in this study the effect of betamethasone was investigated in guinea pigs that demonstrate airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after a viral respiratory tract infection with parainfluenza-3 (pi3) virus. guinea pigs were pretreated with saline or betamethasone 8 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice a day for five consecutive days, starting on day 0 and ending on day 4. on day 1, the guinea pigs were inoculated with either control solution (medium) or pi3 virus. on day 5, airway responsive ... | 1999 | 10421828 |
| parainfluenza virus infection among adults hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection. | to better define the contribution of human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) to lower respiratory tract infection in adults, we tested acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens from hospitalized adults participating in a population-based prospective study of lower respiratory tract infection during 1991-1992. we tested all available specimens from the epidemic seasons for each virus and approximately 300 randomly selected specimens from the corresponding off-seasons for antibodies to hpiv-1, hpi ... | 1999 | 10433576 |
| health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in oregon. | during 1996 and 1997, the u.s. fish and wildlife service conducted a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) fawns on hart mountain national antelope refuge (hmnar) located in southeastern oregon (usa). as part of that study, blood, fecal, and tissue samples from 104 neonatal fawns, 40 adult does, and nine adult male pronghorns were collected to conduct a health evaluation of the population. physiological parameters rel ... | 1999 | 10479084 |
| clinical characteristics of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in seoul, 1996-1998. | this study was performed to investigate the etiologic agents, age distribution, clinical manifestations and seasonal occurrence of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. we confirmed viral etiologies using nasopharyngeal aspirates in 237 patients of the ages of 15 years or younger who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) from march 1996 to february 1998 at samsung seoul hospital, seoul, korea. the overall isolation rate was 22.1%. the viral pa ... | 1999 | 10485620 |
| diagnosis of respiratory tract viruses in 24 h by immunofluorescent staining of shell vial cultures containing madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. | nine hundred and seventy-eight clinical specimens were examined taken from patients with respiratory tract viruses (rv)-like syndrome between november 1996 and july 1998. the study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of centrifuge-enhanced shell vial cultures (svc) containing madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, combined with immunofluorescent (if) staining in 24 h. this technique rapidly detects and identifies respiratory tract viruses. the conventional tube culture system with mult ... | 1999 | 10488764 |
| mutations in the c, d, and v open reading frames of human parainfluenza virus type 3 attenuate replication in rodents and primates. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a single-stranded negative-sense rna virus belonging to the respirovirus genus of the paramyxoviridae family in the order mononegavirales. the p gene encodes at least four proteins, including the c protein, which is expressed from an open reading frame (orf) that overlaps the p orf, and the d protein, which is encoded when the p orf is fused to the d orf by transcriptional editing. the p mrna also contains a third orf for the v protein, although it is ... | 1999 | 10497117 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr for the detection of parainfluenza viruses 1-3 in clinical samples. | parainfluenza viruses (piv) are an important cause of respiratory morbidity. conventional diagnostic methods for detection of piv are time consuming or lack sensitivity. a multiplex pcr that detects piv 1-3 was developed using novel primers for piv viruses 1 and 2 and primers for piv 3 described previously. following rna extraction a single multiplex reverse transcription was undertaken using antisense primers specific for each virus type. this was followed by a 40-cycle multiplex pcr using prim ... | 1999 | 10507408 |
| involvement of actin microfilaments in the transcription/replication of human parainfluenza virus type 3: possible role of actin in other viruses. | multifunctional involvement of actin microfilaments during viral infection has been documented in many studies. the molecular mechanism underlying this important host-virus interaction, however, remains poorly understood. we have investigated the role of actin microfilaments in the life cycle of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), a paramyxovirus that causes severe respiratory illness in children. in vitro transcription with purified viral ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex showed a requireme ... | 1999 | 10523790 |
| acute lower respiratory infections in hospitalized children over a 6 year period in tokyo. | acute lower respiratory infections are major causes of hospitalization in children and are mainly caused by respiratory viruses. in the present study, we investigated the etiologic agents responsible for acute lower respiratory infections from the period november 1986 to october 1992 in order to determine the seasonal pattern and different characteristics of age distribution of respiratory infectious agents, mainly virus infections. | 1999 | 10530065 |
| seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus and other viruses of the bovine respiratory complex in venezuela (apure state). | six hundred and fifteen serum samples obtained from cows in five districts of apure state, venezuela, were tested by elisa for antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the same samples were also elisa-tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). additionally, the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test was used for detecting antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3). overall, seroprevalence to bvdv was 36+/-7% (se); ser ... | 1999 | 10530426 |
| virus-receptor interactions of human parainfluenza viruses types 1, 2 and 3. | human parainfluenza viruses types 1, 2 and 3 (hpf 1, 2 and 3) are important pathogens in children. while these viruses share common structures and replication strategies, they target different parts of the respiratory tract; the most common outcomes of infection with hpf3 are bronchiolitis and pneumonia, while hpf 1 and 2 are associated with croup. while the hpf3 fusion protein (f) is critical for membrane fusion, our previous work revealed that the receptor binding hemagglutinin-neuraminidase ( ... | 1999 | 10545258 |
| viral infections in interferon-gamma receptor deficiency. | interferon-gamma receptor deficiency is a recently described immunodeficiency that is associated with onset of severe mycobacterial infections in childhood. we describe the occurrence of symptomatic and often severe viral infections in 4 patients with interferon-gamma receptor deficiency and mycobacterial disease. the viral pathogens included herpes viruses, parainfluenza virus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus. we conclude that patients with interferon-gamma receptor deficiency and mycoba ... | 1999 | 10547254 |
| rescue of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna analog by bovine, human and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses confirms the "functional integrity" and "cross-recognition" of brsv cis-acting elements by hrsv and orsv. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' leader and 5' trailer regions were determined for genomic rna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a-51908. the leader and trailer sequences are '45' and '161' nucleotides in length, respectively. the functionality of brsv leader and trailer sequences and their recognition by hrsv and ovine respiratory syncytial virus (orsv) proteins were examined with a in vitro transcribed brsv genomic rna analog carrying the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl tr ... | 1999 | 10550670 |
| parainfluenza type 3 viral outbreak in a neonatal nursery. | an outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 infection that occurred in a special neonatal care unit is described. birth weights of affected infants ranged from 1860 to 2080 g and gestational ages were between 28 and 32 weeks. three infants presented with recurrent episodes of apnoea associated with oxygen desaturations on postnatal ages of 16 days, 26 days and 66 days respectively; upper respiratory tract infection symptoms such as coryza were absent in them. two older infants who had oxygen depen ... | 1999 | 10561755 |
| the use of a quantitative fusion assay to evaluate hn-receptor interaction for human parainfluenza virus type 3. | sialic acid is the receptor determinant for the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein, the molecule responsible for binding of the virus to cell surfaces. in order for the fusion protein (f) of hpf3 to promote membrane fusion, hn must interact with its receptor. in addition to its role in receptor binding and fusion promotion, the hpf3 hn molecule contains receptor-destroying (sialidase) activity. the putative active sites are in the extracellular ... | 1999 | 10603317 |
| the associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. | blood samples from 32 groups of calves (n = 700) were taken on arrival and after 28-35 days at the feedlot. eleven groups were housed in feedlots in ontario, and 21 groups in feedlots in alberta. serum antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), mycoplasma dispar and m. bovis, plus data on bovine corona virus (bcv) from a previous study were investigated for t ... | 1999 | 12001336 |
| respiratory viruses in children attending a major referral centre in saudi arabia. | viral respiratory infections are common causes of illness in infants and children. examination of clinical specimens submitted for diagnosis during a 3-year period (august 1993-july 1996) at king faisal specialist hospital and research center (kfsh & rc) in riyadh revealed a wide spectrum of diseases associated with the isolation of five respiratory viruses. severity of disease ranged from mild upper respiratory illness to threatening lower respiratory illnesses including bronchiolitis and pneum ... | 1998 | 9924568 |
| outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 in an intermediate care neonatal nursery. | of the four serotypes of human parainfluenza virus, parainfluenza type 3 causes the majority of infections in young children and infants. parainfluenza type 3 can occur in newborns, although most are born with neutralizing antibodies. there have been only infrequent reports of parainfluenza type 3 causing nosocomial respiratory infection in the newborn nursery setting. we report an outbreak occurring in the intermediate care nursery (imcn) at st. boniface hospital, winnipeg, canada. | 1998 | 9469395 |
| isolation of a cytopathogenic virus from a case of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and its characterization as parainfluenza virus type 2. | from a lung of a fetus of a breeding sow showing prrs-like symptoms a viral agent could be isolated. it was characterized as an enveloped, hemagglutinating rna virus. ultrastructural examination of purified virus revealed paramyxovirus-like pleomorphic virions of approx. 200 nm in diameter. the helical nucleocapsids were about 18 nm in diameter. the virus was found to be antigenically related to simian virus 5 (sv5) a prototype strain of parainfluenza virus type 2, but not to bovine respiratory ... | 1998 | 9856104 |
| impact of rnase l overexpression on viral and cellular growth and death. | the biologic actions of interferons (ifns) are complex and involve multiple biochemical mechanisms, including the 2-5a system, a regulated rna decay pathway. the 2-5a system is implicated in the antipicornavirus activity of ifn and in the control of apoptosis. to further investigate involvement of the 2-5a system in the control of viral and cellular growth and death, human rnase l cdna was stably expressed in murine 3t3 cells from a constitutive cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter. a clonal cell line ... | 1998 | 9858317 |
| an epidemiological study of postviral olfactory disorder. | postviral olfactory disorder develops after infection with the common cold, and is a relatively severe and prolonged disorder without rhino-sinusitis. this epidemiological study aimed to characterize its clinical pathology and determine the causative virus. postviral olfactory disorder occurs most commonly in middle-aged women and is most prevalent in spring and summer. a comparison of the monthly frequency of the disorder with the incidence of isolation of various viruses suggest that the influ ... | 1998 | 9879419 |
| immune responses of infants to infection with respiratory viruses and live attenuated respiratory virus candidate vaccines. | respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the parainfluenza viruses (piv), and the influenza viruses cause severe lower respiratory tract diseases in infants and children throughout the world. experimental live attenuated vaccines for each of these viruses are being developed for intranasal administration in the first weeks or months of life. a variety of promising rsv, piv-3, and influenza virus vaccine strains have been developed by classical biological methods, evaluated ... | 1998 | 9711783 |
| myopericarditis associated with parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. | 1998 | 9721970 | |
| detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in the airways of adults with chronic asthma. | infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. however, the role of m. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma has not been defined. eighteen asthmatics with chronic, stable asthma and 11 nonasthmatic control subjects underwent evaluation of the upper and lower airways and serologic analysis to determine the presence of m. pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and seven respiratory viruses through culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) and polymerase c ... | 1998 | 9731038 |
| membrane fusion promoted by increasing surface densities of the paramyxovirus f and hn proteins: comparison of fusion reactions mediated by simian virus 5 f, human parainfluenza virus type 3 f, and influenza virus ha. | the membrane fusion reaction promoted by the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) fusion (f) proteins and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) proteins was characterized when the surface densities of f and hn were varied. using a quantitative content mixing assay, it was found that the extent of sv5 f-mediated fusion was dependent on the surface density of the sv5 f protein but independent of the density of sv5 hn protein, indicating that hn serves only a ... | 1998 | 9733810 |
| genetic characterization of parainfluenza virus 3 derived from guinea pigs. | to understand the relationship between novel parainfluenza virus 3 (piv-3), which has recently been isolated from the lungs of guinea pigs, and other piv-3 strains, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the novel piv-3 (gpv) genome. a comparison of the nucleotide sequence among piv-3s, including bovine piv-3, revealed that gpv is closely related to human piv-3. the results of the phylogenetic analysis clearly showed that gpv is a lineage of human piv-3, suggesting that gpv has probab ... | 1998 | 9764404 |
| direct detection of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus in clinical respiratory specimens by a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay. | diagnosis of respiratory virus infections currently involves detection by isolation or antigen detection, which usually identifies only a single suspected agent. to permit identification of more than one respiratory virus in clinical specimens, a rapid detection method involving a single-step, multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay was developed. the assay included five primer sets that amplified the rna of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes a and b, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, ... | 1998 | 9774555 |
| pulmonary infections associated with systemic capillary leak syndrome attacks in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. | systemic capillary leak syndrome (scls) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by recurrent hypovolemic shock attacks associated in most cases with a serum monoclonal immunoglobulin. prophylactic therapy is usually disappointing and the outcome is often fatal. we report on a patient with recurrent hypovolemic shocks consistent with the diagnosis of scls associated with severe serum panhypogammaglobulinemia but no detectable monoclonal immunoglobulin or b cell proliferation. attack ... | 1998 | 9803337 |
| serological diagnosis of respiratory viral infections. a five-year study of hospitalised patients. | the results of a five-year study of paired sera from 410 hospitalised patients-mainly children-with respiratory illness are reported. samples were divided into groups based on clinical diagnosis. the data of each group were analysed in relation to patient age (under or over 1 year of age). the percentage of positive serological diagnoses ranged from 29.4% in the respiratory viral illness group to 46.2% in the bronchiolitis group. each group showed a prevalent serological diagnosis. respiratory v ... | 1998 | 9812318 |
| simultaneous multiple viral infections in childhood acute lower respiratory tract infections in southern taiwan. | thirty paediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) caused by simultaneous multiple viral infections (smv) in a 3-year interval were reviewed. twenty patients were infected with two viruses simultaneously; nine patients with three viruses; and one patient with four viruses. the frequency of individual viruses were: adenovirus, 18 (60 per cent); respiratory syncytial virus, 7 (23 per cent); influenza virus type a, 6 (20 per cent); influenza virus type b, 15 (50 per cen ... | 1998 | 9819497 |
| immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines prepared with parainfluenza viruses type 1 and type 3, administered experimentally by nasal or oral route. | the inactivated vaccines prepared with parainfluenza viruses type 1 and type 3, administered to mice by nasal or oral route, either as monovalent preparations in succession or as bivalent associated preparations according to the experimental models used, imparted a significant protection against the infection with the homologous active viruses. the routes of administration of vaccines, nasal and oral, which make equal demands upon the immune secretory serum and cell system, as well as the altern ... | 1998 | 10892431 |
| three amino acid substitutions in the l protein of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 cp45 live attenuated vaccine candidate contribute to its temperature-sensitive and attenuation phenotypes. | studies were initiated to define the genetic basis of the temperature-sensitive (ts), cold adaptation (ca), and attenuation (att) phenotypes of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) cp45 live attenuated vaccine candidate. genetic data had previously suggested that the l polymerase protein of cp45, which contains three amino acid substitutions at positions 942, 992, and 1558, contributed to its temperature sensitivity (r. ray, m. s. galinski, b. r. heminway, k. meyer, f. k. newman, and r. b ... | 1998 | 9499025 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus a and b and parainfluenzavirus 3 sequences in respiratory tracts of infants by a single pcr with primers targeted to the l-polymerase gene and differential hybridization. | a reverse transcription-pcr and hybridization-enzyme immunoassay (rt-pcr-eia) has been developed to identify the major agents of bronchiolitis in infants: respiratory syncytial viruses a and b (rsva and rsvb) and parainfluenzavirus 3 (piv3). two primer sets (p1-p2 and p1-p3) were selected in a conserved region of the polymerase l gene. in infected cell cultures, this method detected rsva (n = 14), rsvb (n = 13), and piv3 (n = 13), with the exclusion of piv1 (n = 4), piv2 (n = 3), measles virus ( ... | 1998 | 9508315 |
| sendai viruses with altered p, v, and w protein expression. | wild-type sendai virus expresses three proteins containing the n-terminal half of the p protein open reading frame due to mrna editing; a full-length p protein (ca. 70% of the total), a v protein with the n-terminal half fused to a cys-rich zn(2+)-binding domain (ca. 25% of the total), and a w protein representing the n-terminal half alone (ca. 5% of the total). to examine the role of these proteins in the virus life cycle, we have prepared recombinant viruses in which the normal v mrna expresse ... | 1998 | 9514977 |
| involvement of actin microfilaments in the replication of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | several studies indicate that paramyxoviruses require a specific cellular factor(s) for transcription of their genomic rnas. we previously reported that the cellular cytoskeletal protein actin, in its polymeric form, participates in the transcription of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) in vitro. in the present study, we investigated the role of the polymeric form of actin, i.e., the actin microfilaments of the cytoskeletal framework, in the reproduction of hpiv3 in vivo. pulse-chase labe ... | 1998 | 9525582 |
| recovery of a fully viable chimeric human parainfluenza virus (piv) type 3 in which the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion glycoproteins have been replaced by those of piv type 1. | the recent recovery of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) from cdna, together with the availability of a promising, highly characterized live attenuated piv3 vaccine virus, suggested a novel strategy for the rapid development of comparable recombinant vaccine viruses for human piv1 and piv2. the strategy, illustrated here for piv1, is to create chimeric viruses in which the two protective antigens, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) envelope glycoproteins, of an attenuated ... | 1998 | 9525616 |
| cluster headache associated with parainfluenza virus, preceded and succeeded by migraine. | a serologically proven case of parainfluenza viral infection was associated with the onset and disappearance of cluster headache. the patient had long-standing migraine that ceased during the cluster headache period and recurred when the latter stopped. possibly, the virus was neurally transmitted to the trigeminal-autonomic system, creating an inflammatory response that transiently precipitated cluster headache and obliterated migraine. | 1998 | 9529770 |
| simultaneous detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 from clinical samples by multiplex pcr. | reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assays have been widely described for use in the diagnosis of human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and other respiratory virus pathogens. however, these assays are mostly monospecific, requiring separate amplifications for each hpiv type. in the present work, we describe multiplex rt-pcr assays that detect and differentiate hpiv serotypes 1, 2, and 3 in a combined reaction. specifically, a mixture of three pairs of primers to conserved regions of the hemagglutinin-n ... | 1998 | 9574711 |
| effect of heparin on hemagglutination by equine arteritis virus. | heparin inhibited hemagglutination (ha) by equine arteritis virus (eav) as well as did ha by aujeszky's disease virus (adv), but failed to inhibit ha by parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3). the minimal concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 ha u of eav was 0.1 u/ml. in addition, most eav hemagglutinin was retained by heparin acrylic beads, as was adv hemagglutinin, but was not piv-3 hemagglutinin. mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with the ha inhibitory factor of heparin. however, mous ... | 1998 | 9592716 |
| viral aetiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized saudi children. | a total of 1429 saudi children of either sex and under 5 years of age who were admitted to king khalid university hospital, riyadh during a three year period (april 1993-march 1996) with complaints suggestive of acute respiratory tract infections (arti) were investigated for viral aetiology of the infection. viruses could be detected in 522 (37 per cent) cases with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) the most commonly detected (79 per cent) followed by parainfluenza type 3 (8 per cent). detection ... | 1998 | 9604599 |
| rapid simultaneous diagnosis of infections with respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 by multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex). | a multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex; prodesse, milwaukee) was developed and used to rapidly detect and quantitate rna of respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 in nasal wash specimens in a single test. primers and probes originated from highly conserved regions of each viral genome. six and a half primer pairs were mixed for the simultaneous detecti ... | 1998 | 9636869 |
| molecular epidemiology of two consecutive outbreaks of parainfluenza 3 in a bone marrow transplant unit. | two consecutive nosocomial outbreaks of parainfluenza 3, in which 5 of 15 infected patients died, occurred in an adult bone marrow transplant unit. parainfluenza 3 strain variation was assessed by reverse transcription-pcr sequencing of part of the parainfluenza 3 f gene, including the noncoding region, directly from clinical samples. sequence data from the outbreaks were compared with those from 15 other parainfluenza 3 isolates circulating concurrently in the community; altogether, 13 strains ... | 1998 | 9666007 |
| the immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasally or parenterally administered replication-deficient vaccinia-parainfluenza virus type 3 recombinants in rhesus monkeys. | immunization of rhesus monkeys with modified vaccinia ankara (mva) recombinants expressing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) was compared with an intranasally-administered live, attenuated hpiv3 vaccine candidate, the cp45 derivative of the js strain of wildtype hpiv3. the mva recombinants, when given parenterally (i.m.) or as a parenteral-local (i.m. and i.t.) combination, induced an antibody response comparable to that ... | 1998 | 9682397 |
| functional characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins expressed by adenovirus recombinants. | we constructed replication-competent human adenovirus type 5 (had5) recombinants (had5-hn and had5-f) containing the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) gene under the control of the simian virus 40 (sv40) regulatory sequences. these genes were inserted in the early region 3 (e3) of the had5 genome in the e3 parallel orientation. expression of hn or f in had5-hn- or had5-f-infected cell extracts, respectively, was observed by immunoprecipitati ... | 1998 | 10325535 |
| [efficacy of an indirect immunofluorescence technique in the rapid diagnosis of parainfluenza virus type 3 infection]. | 1997 | 9147513 | |
| an infectious clone of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | a full-length clone of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) genome (called phpiv-3) was constructed, and recombinant, infectious hpiv-3 was generated by transfecting phpiv-3 and support plasmids encoding the hpiv-3 np, p, and l proteins into hela cells infected with a vaccinia virus recombinant which expresses t7 rna polymerase. t7 rna polymerase promoters on the transfected plasmids direct the synthesis of transcripts encoding the np, p, and l proteins and a full-length, positive-sense ... | 1997 | 9151814 |
| role of sensory neuropeptides in piv-3-infection-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. | viral respiratory tract infections are known to induce transient airway hyper-responsiveness. the role of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic neuropeptide system on virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in the guinea pig. ten guinea pigs were inoculated with parainfluenza 3 virus (piv-3.2 x 10(6) pfu) by nasal route. 16 animals served as untreated controls. viral infection was proven by histological changes and by demonstration of viral antigen using immunohistochemical techniques. f ... | 1997 | 9154673 |
| the bovine parainfluenza virus type-3 (bpiv-3) hemagglutinin/neuraminidase glycoprotein expressed in baculovirus protects calves against experimental bpiv-3 challenge. | despite the availability of numerous vaccine schedules, "shipping fever", an acute bronchopneumonia brought on in part by a complex of bovine respiratory viruses, remains a major source of economic loss in the beef and dairy industries. we are exploring new strategies of bovine vaccine design which we hope may provide more effective and more cost-efficient control of these pathogens. in this report, we examined the possible use of subunit vaccines, using as an example the hemagglutinin/neuramini ... | 1997 | 9178475 |
| [effects of roxithromycin (rxm) on viruses and cultured cells]. | 1997 | 9597468 | |
| phosphorylation of canine distemper virus p protein by protein kinase c-zeta and casein kinase ii. | transcription by nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses is mediated by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase and transcriptional cofactor p. the p protein is activated by phosphorylation, an event initiated by cellular kinases. the kinase used differs among this group of rna viruses; vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus utilize casein kinase ii (ckii), whereas human parainfluenza virus type 3 utilizes pkc isoform zeta (pkc-zeta) for activation of its p protein. to identi ... | 1997 | 9185603 |
| prevalence of antibodies against respiratory viruses (parainfluenza virus type 3, respiratory syncytial virus, reovirus and adenovirus) in relation to productivity in syrian awassi sheep. | awassi sheep sera from all the provinces of the syrian arab republic were tested for rsv, p13, reo and adeno viruses (iif and agid tests). rsv was the most prevalent infection with 63.6% of samples seropositive, followed by reo, p13 and adenovirus with seroprevalences of 27.3%, 24% and 8.1% respectively. animals were more frequently infected by rsv alone. mixed infections were also identified but the occurrence was not high. the rsv and reo virus infections occurred more frequently when transhum ... | 1997 | 9203308 |
| viral regulation of cd95 expression and apoptosis in t lymphocytes. | t lymphocyte apoptosis has been observed in vivo in association with viral infections. one mechanism known to mediate t cell apoptosis is the cd95 (fas/apo-1) ag apoptotic pathway. cd95 is a cell surface protein that is expressed on activated t cells and is capable of relaying an intracellular apoptotic signal upon binding with cd95 ligand. cd95-dependent apoptosis has been shown to be involved in the homeostatic control of peripheral t cell numbers; however, the functional significance of the c ... | 1997 | 9233613 |
| minimum protein requirements for transcription and rna replication of a minigenome of human parainfluenza virus type 3 and evaluation of the rule of six. | a reconstituted transcription and rna replication system for human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) was developed using components expressed intracellularly from transfected plasmids driven by t7 rna polymerase supplied by a vaccinia virus recombinant. the system is based on a negative-sense analog of hpiv3 genomic rna in which the viral genes were deleted and replaced with that encoding bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat). the n, p, and l proteins expressed from cotransfected p ... | 1997 | 9234948 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus 3, adenovirus and rhinovirus sequences in respiratory tract of infants by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization. | immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of viral antigens in nasal aspirates is largely used for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenzavirus (piv) type 3 and adenovirus (adv) infections, whilst rhinovirus (rv) are detected by virus isolation technique (vit) only. using the two techniques, ifa and vit, a significant number of specimens remain negative in spite of clinical and epidemiological presumptions of viral infection. | 1997 | 9248656 |
| prevalence of respiratory viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae in sputum samples from unselected adult patients. | sputum samples from adult patients are routinely used for bacteriological tests, but not for the diagnosis of viral/mycoplasmal infections. we examined 511 sputum samples submitted for bacterial tests from patients at the royal adelaide hospital. each specimen was tested directly (and after six days of cell culture amplification) for antigens to influenza a and b, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and mycoplasma pneumoniae. respiratory viruses or m. pneumoni ... | 1997 | 9271022 |
| recovery of infectious human parainfluenza virus type 3 from cdna. | infectious hpiv3 was produced by the intracellular coexpression of four plasmid-borne cdnas. these separately encoded a complete hpiv3 genome (negative-sense), the hpiv3 nucleocapsid protein n, the phosphoprotein p, and the polymerase protein l. the cdna-encoded hpiv3 genome differed from the js wildtype (wt) strain of hpiv3 used in its construction by seven point mutations: four of these are silent mutations in the hn or l gene coding regions that serve as markers of a cdna-derived virus, two w ... | 1997 | 9281512 |
| effect of heparin on infection of cells by equine arteritis virus. | the number of plaques formed by equine arteritis virus (eav) and aujesky's disease virus (adv) was reduced to 14% and 5% of the untreated control (100%), respectively, by 10 u/ml of heparin, but could not be reduced below to 13 and 4%, respectively, by use of concentration up to 100 u/ml. an inhibitory effect of heparin, at concentration up to 100 u/ml, was not observed on parainfluenza virus 3 (piv-3). heparinase treatment of rk13 cells reduced the number of eav-, as well as adv-induced plaques ... | 1997 | 9300374 |
| effect of heparin on a haemagglutinin of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | heparin inhibited haemagglutination by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and by aujesky's disease virus, but failed to inhibit haemagglutination by parainfluenza virus type 3. the minimal inhibitory concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 ha u of prrsv haemagglutinin ranged from 0.1 to 1 u ml-1. mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with the haemagglutination inhibitory factor of heparin. however, mouse erythrocytes treated with heparinase had greatly reduced aggl ... | 1997 | 9300545 |
| [molecular evolution of paramyxoviruses]. | we reviewed immunological relationships between paramyxoviruses and molecular evolution of paramyxoviruses. (1) paramyxoviruses are divided into two groups by the basis of the immunological relationship, i.e., parainfluenza type 1 virus group and type 2 virus group; (2) according to the np and m proteins sequences, paramyxoviruses are divided into parainfluenza type 1 virus and type 2 virus groups; the former group is composed of hpiv-1, sv, hpiv-3 and bpiv-3, and the latter group consists of hp ... | 1997 | 9301318 |
| elevation of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses in pulmonary fibrosis. | the aim of this study was to determine whether latent viral infection is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf), an interstitial lung disease whose aetiology remains to be elucidated. cytomegalovirus (cmv) immunoglobulin g (igg) and complement fixation (cf), epstein-barr (eb) viral capsid antigen (vca) igg, herpes simplex virus (hsv) igg, adenovirus cf, and parainfluenza 3 virus haemagglutinin inhibition (hi) titres were measured in the serum from patients with pulmonary diseases. t ... | 1997 | 9311499 |
| cytokine- and virus-stimulated airway smooth muscle cells produce il-11 and other il-6-type cytokines. | inflammation and smooth muscle abnormalities coexist in human airway disorders, and inflammation modulates the proliferative and contractile properties of airway smooth muscle cells. to determine whether human airway smooth muscle (hasm) cells have the ability to regulate local inflammatory processes, we characterized the interleukin (il)-6-type cytokine production of hasm cells in vitro. we demonstrated that hasm cells are potent producers of il-11 when stimulated with il-1 or transforming grow ... | 1997 | 9316501 |
| current status of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) vaccine development: memorandum from a joint who/niaid meeting. | a joint who/national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (niaid) meeting on the current status of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) vaccine development was held in bethesda, md, from 30 september to 1 october 1996. the meeting summarized the worldwide impact of rsv and piv3; presented the current status of development of rsv and piv3 vaccines; and examined the applications of recombinant dna technology to the development and characterization of vacc ... | 1997 | 9342889 |