Publications

analysis of bipolar and amacrine populations in marmoset retina.	about 15 parallel ganglion cell pathways transmit visual signals to the brain, but the interneuron (bipolar and amacrine) populations providing input to ganglion cells remain poorly understood in primate retina. we carried out a quantitative analysis of the inner nuclear layer in the retina of the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). vertical vibratome sections along the horizontal meridian were processed with immunohistochemical markers. image stacks were taken with a confocal microscope, and densiti ...	2015	25262625
postnatal development of dendritic structure of layer iii pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of marmoset.	in the primate cerebral cortex, dendritic spines rapidly increase in number after birth up to infancy or mid-childhood, and then decrease towards adulthood. abnormalities in these processes accompany several psychiatric disorders. in this study, we examined developmental changes of basal dendrites and spines of layer iii pyramidal cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) of the common marmoset. the mpfc consists of several areas with distinct features in layer organization, histochemistry, c ...	2015	25064470
testing efficacy of administration of the antiaging drug rapamycin in a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset.	this report is the first description of dosing procedures, pharmacokinetics, biochemical action, and general tolerability of the antiaging drug rapamycin in the common marmoset, a small and short-lived monkey. eudragit-encapsulated rapamycin was given orally to trained marmosets in a short-term (3 weeks) and a long-term (14 months) study. circulating trough rapamycin levels (mean = 5.2 ng/ml; 1.93-10.73 ng/ml) achieved at roughly 1.0 mg/kg/day was comparable to those reported in studies of roden ...	2015	25038772
role of central serotonin in anticipation of rewarding and punishing outcomes: effects of selective amygdala or orbitofrontal 5-ht depletion.	understanding the role of serotonin (or 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht) in aversive processing has been hampered by the contradictory findings, across studies, of increased sensitivity to punishment in terms of subsequent response choice but decreased sensitivity to punishment-induced response suppression following gross depletion of central 5-ht. to address this apparent discrepancy, the present study determined whether both effects could be found in the same animals by performing localized 5-ht dep ...	2015	24879752
primordial germ cell development in the marmoset monkey as revealed by pluripotency factor expression: suggestion of a novel model of embryonic germ cell translocation.	primordial germ cells (pgcs) are the embryonic progenitors of sperm and egg cells. mammalian pgcs are thought to actively migrate from the yolk sac endoderm over long distances across the embryo to reach the somatic genital ridges. the general principles of mammalian pgc development were discovered in mice. in contrast, little is known about pgc development in primates due to extremely limited access to primate embryos. here, we analyzed 12 well preserved marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) emb ...	2015	25237007
long-term fidelity of foraging techniques in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the formation of behavioral traditions has been considered as one of the main building blocks of culture. numerous studies on social learning in different animal species provide evidence for their capability of successful transmission of information. however, questions concerning the memory and maintenance of this information have received comparably little attention. after the innovation and initial spread of a novel behavior, the behavior should stabilize and be maintained over time. otherwise ...	2015	25231356
exchanging grooming, but not tolerance and aggression in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	in this study, we investigated the reciprocal exchanges of grooming, tolerance and reduced aggression in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), a cooperatively breeding primate whose groups are typically characterized by uniformly high genetic relatedness and high interdependency between group members. both partner control and partner choice processes played a role in the reciprocal exchanges of grooming. in contrast, we did not find any evidence of reciprocity between grooming and tolerance ove ...	2015	25230834
the common marmoset as a model for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. the more clinically concerning form of the disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nash), is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning degeneration. here we describe a naturally occurring syndrome in the common marmoset that recapitulates the pathologic findings associated with nafld/nash in humans. hepatomegaly determined to result from nafld was observed in 33 of 183 ma ...	2015	24913270
histological and electrophysiological analysis of the corticospinal pathway to forelimb motoneurons in common marmosets.	using histological and electrophysiological methods, we identified the neuroanatomical properties of the common marmoset corticospinal tract (cst), which underlies hand/arm motor control. biotinylated dextran amine (bda) was injected into the primary motor cortex to anterogradely label cst axons in the cervical segments, revealing that most cst axons descend in the contralateral dorsolateral funiculus (dlf; 85.0%), and some in the ipsilateral dlf (10.7%). terminal buttons were mainly found in th ...	2015	26093181
high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging of vocalization processing in marmosets.	vocalizations are behaviorally critical sounds, and this behavioral importance is reflected in the ascending auditory system, where conspecific vocalizations are increasingly over-represented at higher processing stages. recent evidence suggests that, in macaques, this increasing selectivity for vocalizations might culminate in a cortical region that is densely populated by vocalization-preferring neurons. such a region might be a critical node in the representation of vocal communication sounds ...	2015	26091254
production of a high-affinity monoclonal antibody reactive with folate receptors alpha and beta.	folate receptors α (frα) and β (frβ) are two isoforms of the cell surface glycoprotein that binds folate. the expression of frα is rare in normal cells and elevated in cancer cells. thus, frα-based tumor-targeted therapy has been a focus area of laboratory research and clinical trials. recently, it was shown that a significant fraction of tumor-associated macrophages expresses frβ and that these cells can enhance tumor growth. although frα and frβ share 70% identity in their deduced amino acid s ...	2015	26090596
complex and dynamic expression of cadherins in the embryonic marmoset cerebral cortex.	cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule widely expressed in the nervous system. previously, we analyzed the expression of nine classic cadherins (cdh4, cdh6, cdh7, cdh8, cdh9, cdh10, cdh11, cdh12, and cdh20) and t-cadherin (cdh13) in the developing postnatal common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) brain, and found differential expressions between mice and marmosets. in this study, to explore primate-specific cadherin expression at the embryonic stage, we extensively analyzed the expression of these ca ...	2015	26081465
bone disease in the common marmoset: radiographic and histological findings.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate that is used in biomedical research due to its small size and relative ease of handling compared with larger primates. although bone disease in common marmosets is well recognized, there are very few detailed descriptions in the literature that cover the range of lesions seen in these animals. for all animals used to model human disease, it is important to be aware of background lesions that may affect the interpretation of study fi ...	2015	26077785
behavioral and trait rating assessments of personality in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the study of personality in animals is a rapidly growing scientific field and numerous species have been reported to show consistent personality profiles. much animal personality research has focused on nonhuman primates, with the main emphasis being placed on old world primates, particularly rhesus macaques and chimpanzees. so far, little work has been done on cooperatively breeding nonhuman primates and new world species. here, we study personality in the cooperatively breeding common marmoset ...	2015	26075516
improved hematopoietic differentiation of primate embryonic stem cells by inhibition of the pi3k-akt pathway under defined conditions.	hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (hspcs) derived from embryonic stem cells (escs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) have potential therapeutic applications in humans. to assess the safety and efficacy of esc/ipsc-based therapies, reliable animal models are required prior to their clinical application. the common marmoset (cm) was recently found to be a useful nonhuman primate animal model for drug development and safety assessment. however, a method for the efficient hematopoietic di ...	2015	26073521
natural and anthropogenic hybridization in two species of eastern brazilian marmosets (callithrix jacchus and c. penicillata).	animal hybridization is well documented, but evolutionary outcomes and conservation priorities often differ for natural and anthropogenic hybrids. among primates, an order with many endangered species, the two contexts can be hard to disentangle from one another, which carries important conservation implications. callithrix marmosets give us a unique glimpse of genetic hybridization effects under distinct natural and human-induced contexts. here, we use a 44 autosomal microsatellite marker panel ...	2015	26061111
filamentous fungi isolated from the fur microbiota of callitrichids kept in captivity in brazil.	this study aimed to isolate filamentous fungi from the fur of primates of the genus callithrix kept in the centre for rehabilitation of wild animals (crwa) at the tietê ecological park, são paulo, sp, brazil. samples of the fur of 19 specimens of black-tufted marmosets (callithrix penicillata) and 6 specimens of white-tufted-ear marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were obtained by the square carpet technique. the samples were plated on mycosel™ agar medium (difco™) and incubated at 25°c for 21 days. ...	2015	26056892
comparative analysis of meissner's corpuscles in the fingertips of primates.	meissner's corpuscles (mcs) are tactile mechanoreceptors found in the glabrous skin of primates, including fingertips. these receptors are characterized by sensitivity to light touch, and therefore might be associated with the evolution of manipulative abilities of the hands in primates. we examined mcs in different primate species, including common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, n = 5), baboon (papio anubis, n = 2), rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta, n = 3), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes, n = 3), bon ...	2015	26053332
parturition signaling by visual cues in female marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	new world monkeys have polymorphic color vision, in which all males and some females are dichromats, while most females are trichromats. there is little consensus about which selective pressures fashioned primate color vision, although detection of food, mates and predators has been hypothesized. behavioral evidence shows that males from different species of neotropical primates seem to perceive the timing of female conception and gestation, although, no signals fulfilling this function have bee ...	2015	26047350
allogeneic neural stem/progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells promote functional recovery after transplantation into injured spinal cord of nonhuman primates.	: previous studies have demonstrated that neural stem/progenitor cells (ns/pcs) promote functional recovery in rodent animal models of spinal cord injury (sci). because distinct differences exist in the neuroanatomy and immunological responses between rodents and primates, it is critical to determine the effectiveness and safety of allografted embryonic stem cell (esc)-derived ns/pcs (esc-ns/pcs) in a nonhuman primate sci model. in the present study, common marmoset esc-ns/pcs were grafted into ...	2015	26019226
voxel-based morphometry of the marmoset brain: in vivo detection of volume loss in the substantia nigra of the mptp-treated parkinson's disease model.	movement dysfunction in parkinson's disease (pd) is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic (da) neurons in the substantia nigra (sn). here, we established a method for voxel-based morphometry (vbm) and automatic tissue segmentation of the marmoset monkey brain using a 7-t animal scanner and applied the method to assess da degeneration in a pd model, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated animals, with tyrosine-hydroxylase staining. the most significant decreases of local ...	2015	26012491
muscle contractile properties as an explanation of the higher mean power output in marmosets than humans during jumping.	the muscle mass-specific mean power output (pmms,mean) during push-off in jumping in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) is more than twice that in humans. in the present study it was tested whether this is attributable to differences in muscle contractile properties. in biopsies of marmoset m. vastus lateralis (vl) and m. gastrocnemius medialis (gm) (n=4), fibre-type distribution was assessed using fluorescent immunohistochemistry. in single fibres from four marmoset and nine human vl biopsies, the ...	2015	25987730
multipotent stromal cells derived from common marmoset callithrix jacchus within alginate 3d environment: effect of cryopreservation procedures.	multipotent stromal cells derived from the common marmoset monkey callithrix jacchus (cjmscs) possess high phylogenetic similarity to humans, with a great potential for preclinical studies in the field of regenerative medicine. safe and effective long-term storage of cells is of great significance to clinical and research applications. encapsulation of such cell types within alginate beads that can mimic an extra-cellular matrix and provide a supportive environment for cells during cryopreservat ...	2015	25980899
common marmoset cd117+ hematopoietic cells possess multipotency.	analysis of the hematopoiesis of non-human primates is important to clarify the evolution of primate-specific hematopoiesis and immune regulation. however, the engraftment and development of the primate hematopoietic system are well-documented only in humans and are not clear in non-human primates. callithrix jacchus (common marmoset, cm) is a new world monkey with a high rate of pregnancy and small size that lives in closed colonies. as stem cell factor (scf) is an essential molecule for hemato ...	2015	25977306
preclinical study of novel gene silencer pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeting human tgf-β1 promoter for hypertrophic scars in a common marmoset primate model.	we report a preclinical study of a pyrrole-imidazole (pi) polyamide that targets the human transforming growth factor (htgf)-β1 gene as a novel transcriptional gene silencer in a common marmoset primate model. we designed and then synthesized pi polyamides to target the htgf-β1 promoter. we examined effects of seven pi polyamides (gb1101-1107) on the expression of htgf-β1 mrna stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) in human vascular smooth muscle cells. gb1101, gb1105 and gb1106 s ...	2015	25938472
characterization of long-term motor deficits in the 6-ohda model of parkinson's disease in the common marmoset.	research aimed at developing new therapies for parkinson's disease (pd) critically depend on valid animal models of the disease that allows for repeated testing of motor disabilities over extended time periods. we here present an extensive characterization of a wide range of motor symptoms in the 6-ohda marmoset model of pd when tested over several months. the severity of motor deficits was quantified in two ways: (i) through manual scoring protocols appropriately adapted to include species spec ...	2015	25934488
vocal turn-taking in a non-human primate is learned during ontogeny.	conversational turn-taking is an integral part of language development, as it reflects a confluence of social factors that mitigate communication. humans coordinate the timing of speech based on the behaviour of another speaker, a behaviour that is learned during infancy. while adults in several primate species engage in vocal turn-taking, the degree to which similar learning processes underlie its development in these non-human species or are unique to language is not clear. we recorded the nat ...	2015	25904663
the role of inhibition in a computational model of an auditory cortical neuron during the encoding of temporal information.	in auditory cortex, temporal information within a sound is represented by two complementary neural codes: a temporal representation based on stimulus-locked firing and a rate representation, where discharge rate co-varies with the timing between acoustic events but lacks a stimulus-synchronized response. using a computational neuronal model, we find that stimulus-locked responses are generated when sound-evoked excitation is combined with strong, delayed inhibition. in contrast to this, a non-sy ...	2015	25879843
motion dependence of smooth pursuit eye movements in the marmoset.	smooth pursuit eye movements stabilize slow-moving objects on the retina by matching eye velocity with target velocity. two critical components are required to generate smooth pursuit: first, because it is a voluntary eye movement, the subject must select a target to pursue to engage the tracking system; and second, generating smooth pursuit requires a moving stimulus. we examined whether this behavior also exists in the common marmoset, a new world primate that is increasingly attracting attent ...	2015	25867740
measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin d(2&3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(2&3) by tandem mass spectrometry: a primate multispecies comparison.	vitamin d metabolites are widely studied for their roles in bone health, immune functions, and other potential physiologic roles in humans. however, the optimal blood levels of vitamin d metabolites are still unclear. various methods for measuring vitamin d metabolites have been used and recently liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (lc-ms/ms) has been adopted as the gold standard for vitamin d metabolite measurement. here, we report the use of lc-ms/ms to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( ...	2015	25845705
body weight-associated differences in ovarian morphology in captive common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	in captivity, callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) is on average heavier than their wild-living counterparts, and has a tendency to produce triplet litters rather than the normal twins. to provide initial basic information about possible weight-related differences among the ovaries, a morphometric study of follicular phase ovaries from 48 young adult marmosets has been carried out. nearly 90% of these ovaries were found to contain some degree of luteal tissue composed of large and/or small cells ...	2015	25842250
take the monkey and run.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small, new world primate that is used extensively in biomedical and behavioral research. this short-lived primate, with its small body size, ease of handling, and docile temperament, has emerged as a valuable model for aging and neurodegenerative research. a growing body of research has indicated exercise, aerobic exercise especially, imparts beneficial effects to normal aging. understanding the mechanisms underlying these positive effects of exercis ...	2015	25835199
brain/minds: brain-mapping project in japan.	there is an emerging interest in brain-mapping projects in countries across the world, including the usa, europe, australia and china. in 2014, japan started a brain-mapping project called brain mapping by integrated neurotechnologies for disease studies (brain/minds). brain/minds aims to map the structure and function of neuronal circuits to ultimately understand the vast complexity of the human brain, and takes advantage of a unique non-human primate animal model, the common marmoset (callithr ...	2015	25823872
current models of the marmoset brain.	since the availability of the common marmoset monkey as a primate model in neuroscience research has recently increased, much effort has been made to develop a reliable guide of the brain structures of this species. in this article, we review the development of the marmoset brain atlas and discuss a newly developed brain model, which was reconstructed from histological sections under volume-rendering technology. this kind of brain model allows virtual sections to be constructed on any axis, with ...	2015	25817023
cognitive bias, hand preference and welfare of common marmosets.	common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have hand preferences for grasping pieces of food and holding them while eating and these are stable throughout adult life. we report here that left-handed marmosets have negative cognitive bias compared to right-handed marmosets. twelve marmosets were trained to expect a food reward from a bowl with a black lid and not from one with a white lid, or vice versa. in probe tests with ambiguous, grey-lidded bowls a left-handed group (n=7) were less likely to rem ...	2015	25813746
developmental expression patterns of chemokines cxcl11, cxcl12 and their receptor cxcr7 in testes of common marmoset and human.	the chemokine receptor cxcr7 interacts with the chemokines cxcl11 and cxcl12. during development, this ligand receptor system (c-x-c) provokes cell-type-specific responses in terms of migration, adhesion or ligand sequestration. it is active in zebrafish and rodents but no data are available for its presence or function in primate testes. real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed in monkeys to detect cxcl11, cxcl12 and cxcr7. at the protein level, cxcl12 and cxcr7 were local ...	2015	25810367
proteomic analysis of cerebellum in common marmoset exposed to methylmercury.	the cerebellum is known as the major target regions of methylmercury (mehg) toxicity, but the mechanisms are still not fully understood. we studied the effects of mehg exposure in the cerebellum of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) using a shotgun proteomic approach with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. a total of 1000 common proteins were identified in all samples, and 102 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the cerebellum of common marmoset with orally ...	2015	25809596
noninvasive genotyping of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) by fingernail pcr.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate that is a useful model for medical studies. in this study, we report a convenient, reliable, and noninvasive procedure to genotype a living common marmoset by using fingernails. this method was used to successfully genotype dna by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) pcr without prior purification, by using the kod fx pcr enzyme kit. additionally, there is no sample contamination from hematopoietic chimera derived from fu ...	2015	25805040
the serotonin 5-ht₁a receptor agonist tandospirone improves executive function in common marmosets.	previous pilot clinical studies have shown that the serotonin 5-ht1a receptor agonist tandospirone has beneficial effect on cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. in the present study, we evaluated the cognitive efficacy of tandospirone, given alone or in combination with the antipsychotic blonanserin, risperidone or haloperidol, on executive function in marmosets using the object retrieval with detour (ord) task. treatment with tandospirone alone at 20 and 40 mg/kg increased the numb ...	2015	25804359
non-viral generation of marmoset monkey ips cells by a six-factor-in-one-vector approach.	groundbreaking studies showed that differentiated somatic cells of mouse and human origin could be reverted to a stable pluripotent state by the ectopic expression of only four proteins. the resulting pluripotent cells, called induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells, could be an alternative to embryonic stem cells, which are under continuous ethical debate. hence, ips cell-derived functional cells such as neurons may become the key for an effective treatment of currently incurable degenerative dise ...	2015	25785453
an experimental model for exudative age-related macular degeneration with choroidal neovascularization using the common marmoset.	this study aimed to establish an experimental exudative age-related macular degeneration (amd) model in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), which is a small new world monkey. choroidal neovascularization (cnv) was induced by laser irradiation on the left eye of each animal under anesthesia. eight laser spots were applied around the macular area using the image-guided laser system (532 nm) attached with micron iii at 650 mw-2,000 mw power. laser pulse duration and spot size were fixed at 10 ...	2015	25760220
analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus in dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets.	marmosets are diurnal new world monkeys that show sex-linked cone photopigment polymorphism, whereby all males and some females are dichromats ("red-green colorblind"), but most females show trichromatic color vision. here we asked whether trichromats express chromatic-specific circuitry in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn). the volume of parvocellular (p), magnocellular (m), and koniocellular (k) layers was calculated in nissl-stained sections from the lgn of adult marmosets (callithrix jacc ...	2015	25753496
isolation and identification of cultivable bifidobacterium spp. from the faeces of 5 baby common marmosets (callithrix jacchus l.).	ninety-two bifidobacterial strains were obtained from the faeces of 5 baby common marmosets, three known species bifidobacterium aesculapii, bifidobacterium callithricos and bifidobacterium reuteri and 4 novel putative bifidobacterial species were retrieved. the occurrence of bifidobacteria in non-human primate babies is described for the first time.	2015	25746741
purification and partial characterization of α1-proteinase inhibitor in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-pi) concentration has been to diagnose enteric protein loss in dogs and cats. chronic lymphocytic enteritis is commonly seen in the marmoset (callithrix jaccus) and is characterized by hypoalbuminemia. as a prelude to immunoassay development for detecting enteric protein loss, marmoset serum α1-pi was purified using immunoaffinity chromatography and ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. partial characterization was performed by reducing gel electrophoresis ...	2015	25745866
common marmosets show social plasticity and group-level similarity in personality.	the social environment influences animal personality on evolutionary and immediate time scales. however, studies of animal personality rarely assess the effects of the social environment, particularly in species that live in stable groups with individualized relationships. we assessed personality experimentally in 17 individuals of the common marmoset, living in four groups. we found their personality to be considerably modified by the social environment. marmosets exhibited relatively high plas ...	2015	25743581
activation and deactivation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine by cytochrome p450 enzymes and flavin-containing monooxygenases in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the potential proneurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) induces parkinson-like syndromes in common marmosets, other primates, and humans. mptp is metabolically activated to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (mpdp(+) and mpp(+), respectively) by desaturation reactions. mptp is deactivated to 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (ptp) by n-demethylation and is also deactivated to mptp n-oxide. the roles of cytochrome p450 (p450) enz ...	2015	25735838
development of a modified artificial insemination technique combining penile vibration stimulation and the swim-up method in the common marmoset.	the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, is used as a new world monkey species in biomedical studies because of its small body size and good reproduction in captivity. a modified artificial insemination technique was developed in this species to encourage breeding of lines carrying interesting genes and traits. fresh semen was collected by penile vibratory stimulation. medium containing highly motile sperm was inseminated into the uterus using a catheter. seven females were inseminated using fre ...	2015	25732321
hyperhexosemia-induced retinal vascular pathology in a novel primate model of diabetic retinopathy.	the paucity of animal models exhibiting full pathology of diabetic retinopathy (dr) has impeded understanding of the pathogenesis of dr and the development of therapeutic interventions. here, we investigated whether hyperhexosemic marmosets (callithrix jacchus) develop characteristic retinal vascular lesions including macular edema (me), a leading cause of vision loss in dr. marmosets maintained on 30% galactose (gal)-rich diet for 2 years were monitored for retinal vascular permeability, develo ...	2015	25732190
critical estradiol dose optimization for oocyte in vitro maturation in the common marmoset.	the aim of the present study was to critically evaluate the effect of different concentrations of estradiol (e2) during ivm of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) oocytes from antral follicles. the doses tested were 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 μg/ml e2 (referred to as 0 e2, 0.1 e2, 1 e2, and 10 e2 groups). after a preincubation, the concentration of e2 in ivm drops under oil was approximately 20% of the amount added (0.02; 0.2 and 1.9 μg/ml, respectively) because of absorption into the oil. oocyte progres ...	2015	25720580
the marmoset monkey as a model for visual neuroscience.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has been valuable as a primate model in biomedical research. interest in this species has grown recently, in part due to the successful demonstration of transgenic marmosets. here we examine the prospects of the marmoset model for visual neuroscience research, adopting a comparative framework to place the marmoset within a broader evolutionary context. the marmoset's small brain bears most of the organizational features of other primates, and its smooth s ...	2015	25683292
prospects for genetically modified non-human primate models, including the common marmoset.	genetically modified mice have contributed much to studies in the life sciences. in some research fields, however, mouse models are insufficient for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of pathology or as disease models. often, genetically modified non-human primate (nhp) models are desired, as they are more similar to human physiology, morphology, and anatomy. recent progress in studies of the reproductive biology in nhps has enabled the introduction of exogenous genes into nhp genomes or the alt ...	2015	25683291
[morphological and functional diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the common marmoset].	retinal ganglion cells are projecting neurons that send visual information from the retina to the brain. they generate different patterns of action potentials in response to different kinds of visual information. in the retinas of mammals such as mice or rabbits, there are functionally and morphologically diverse retinal ganglion cells. however, in the primate retina, midget and parasol cells are believed to be dominant, and show less diversity. in this study, we performed organotypic culture of ...	2015	25681364
development of a novel postnatal neurobehavioral scale for evaluation of common marmoset monkeys.	common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) monkeys when compared to rhesus macaques (macaca mullatta) present several advantages for disease modeling, especially transgenic initiatives, as they commonly give birth to twins, which increases sample size, have accelerated development and a shorter life span that facilitates the analysis of the onset of age-related diseases. yet, no tools are currently available to assess marmoset neurodevelopment during the initial first month of life. here we report the ...	2015	25676438
high emotional reactivity toward an experimenter affects participation, but not performance, in cognitive tests with common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	when testing primates with cognitive tasks, it is usually not considered that subjects differ markedly in terms of emotional reactivity toward the experimenter, which potentially affects a subject's cognitive performance. we addressed this issue in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), a monkey species in which males tend to show stronger emotional reactivity in testing situations, whereas females have been reported to outperform males in cognitive tasks. in a two-phase experiment, we first qua ...	2015	25636914
gene expression ontogeny of spermatogenesis in the marmoset uncovers primate characteristics during testicular development.	mammalian spermatogenesis has been investigated extensively in rodents and a strictly controlled developmental process has been defined at cellular and molecular levels. in comparison, primate spermatogenesis has been far less well characterized. however, important differences between primate and rodent spermatogenesis are emerging so it is not always accurate to extrapolate findings in rodents to primate systems. here, we performed an extensive immunofluorescence study of spermatogenesis in neo ...	2015	25624265
functional mapping of face-selective regions in the extrastriate visual cortex of the marmoset.	the cerebral cortex of humans and macaques has specialized regions for processing faces and other visual stimulus categories. it is unknown whether a similar functional organization exists in new world monkeys, such as the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a species of growing interest as a primate model in neuroscience. to address this question, we measured selective neural responses in the brain of four awake marmosets trained to fix their gaze upon images of faces, bodies, objects, and co ...	2015	25609630
the spinal cord of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the marmoset spinal cord possesses all the characteristic features of a typical mammalian spinal cord, but with some interesting variation in the levels of origin of the limb nerves. in our study nissl and chat sections of the each segment of the spinal cord in two marmosets (ma5 and ma8), we found that the spinal cord can be functionally and anatomically divided into six regions: the prebrachial region (c1 to c3); the brachial region (c4 to c8) - segments supplying the upper limb; the post-brac ...	2015	25575643
the olfactory bulb and the number of its glomeruli in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the olfactory system has been well studied in mammals such as mice and rats. however, few studies have focused on characterizing this system in diurnal primates that rely on their sense of smell to a lesser extent due to their ecological environment. in the present study, we determined the histological organization of the olfactory bulb in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). we then constructed 3-dimensional models of the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, and estimated the number of glomeru ...	2015	25573718
positron emission tomography imaging of the social brain of common marmosets.	positron emission tomography (pet) is a molecular imaging modality that can visualize functional neurochemical processes throughout the brain in the living condition, and is useful in bridging the gap between experimental animals and humans. we applied pet to common marmosets to study the brain mechanisms underlying social behaviors. common marmosets are known for their high level of sociality within a cooperative breeding system, which is rare among non-human primates, and they could represent ...	2015	25573717
mini-atlas of the marmoset brain.	a mini-atlas of the brain is designed to help students and young researchers who are not familiar with neuroanatomy. in the mini-atlas, a limited number of important nuclei and fiber tracts are shown on a small number of brain sections from posterior end to the anterior end of the brain. the first mini-atlas was introduced for the rat brain (watson et al., 2010). here we present a mini-atlas of the common marmoset (callithrix jaccus), which is one of representative experimental primates for mode ...	2015	25573716
non-invasive blood pressure measurement: values, problems and applicability in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, c. j.) is an established primate model in biomedical research and for human-related diseases. monitoring of cardiovascular parameters including blood pressure (bp) is important for the health surveillance of these experimental animals and the quantification of diseases or pharmaceutical substances influencing bp. measurement guidelines for c. j. do not exist yet; therefore, the present study was carried out to establish a practicable protocol based on rec ...	2015	25552521
high fat diet decreases beneficial effects of estrogen on serotonin-related gene expression in marmosets.	the administration of estradiol-17β (e) to animal models after loss of ovarian steroid production has many beneficial effects on neural functions, particularly in the serotonin system in nonhuman primates (nhps). e also has anorexic effects, although the mechanism of action is not well defined. in the us, obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and blame is partially directed at the western style diet, which is high in fat and sugar. this study examined the interaction of e and diet in surgica ...	2015	25542371
metabolome-wide association study of phenylalanine in plasma of common marmosets.	little systematic knowledge exists concerning the impacts of cumulative lifelong exposure, termed the exposome, on requirements for nutrients. phenylalanine (phe) is an essential dietary amino acid with an aromatic ring structure similar to endogenous metabolites, dietary compounds and environmental agents. excess plasma phe in genetic disease or nutritional deficiency of phe has adverse health consequences. in principle, structurally similar chemicals interfering with phe utilization could alte ...	2015	25526869
angular momentum and arboreal stability in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	despite the importance that concepts of arboreal stability have in theories of primate locomotor evolution, we currently lack measures of balance performance during primate locomotion. we provide the first quantitative data on locomotor stability in an arboreal primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), predicting that primates should maximize arboreal stability by minimizing side-to-side angular momentum about the support (i.e., lsup ). if net lsup becomes excessive, the animal will be ...	2015	25523444
the adenosine a2a receptor antagonist, istradefylline enhances the anti-parkinsonian activity of low doses of dopamine agonists in mptp-treated common marmosets.	the adenosine a2a receptor antagonist, istradefylline, enhances anti-parkinsonian activity in patients with advanced parkinson׳s disease (pd) already treated with combinations of l-dopa and dopamine agonist drugs but who are still exhibiting prolonged 'off' periods. in contrast, the effects of istradefylline on motor function when administered in combination with low dose dopamine agonist therapy in early pd are unknown. we now investigate whether istradefylline administered with a threshold dos ...	2015	25499739
the cortical motor system of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	precise descriptions of the anatomical pathways that link different areas of the cerebral cortex are essential to the understanding of the sensorimotor and association processes that underlie human actions, and their impairment in pathological situations. many years of research in macaque monkeys have critically shaped how we currently think about cortical motor function in humans. however, it is important to obtain additional understanding about the homologies between cortical areas in human an ...	2015	25498953
internal capsule stroke in the common marmoset.	white matter (wm) impairment and motor deficit after stroke are directly related. however, wm injury mechanisms and their relation to motor disturbances are still poorly understood. in humans, the anterior choroidal artery (acha) irrigates the internal capsule (ic), and stroke to this region can induce isolated motor impairment. the goal of this study was to analyze whether acha occlusion can injure the ic in the marmoset monkey. the vascular distribution of the marmoset brain was examined by co ...	2015	25453768
comparative analysis of developmentally regulated expressions of gadd45a, gadd45b, and gadd45g in the mouse and marmoset cerebral cortex.	the cerebral cortex is an indispensable region that is involved in higher cognitive function in the mammalian brain, and is particularly evolved in the primate brain. it has been demonstrated that cortical areas are formed by both innate and activity-dependent mechanisms. however, it remains unknown what molecular changes induce cortical expansion and complexity during primate evolution. active dna methylation/demethylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that can modify gene expression via ...	2015	25450958
susceptible period of socio-emotional development affected by constant exposure to daylight.	as a diurnal experimental primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has recently contributed to numerous kinds of studies of neurobiological psychiatry as an essential pre-clinical model. the marmoset matures sexually within one or two years after birth. thus, we can observe how the primate learns and develops psycho-cognitive functions through experiences in experimental environment for a much shorter period compared to that of humans. longer daylight exposure may affect psychological d ...	2015	25305341
dense understory and absence of capuchin monkeys (sapajus xanthosternos) predict higher density of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) in the brazilian northeast.	understanding the effects of habitat structure and other environmental variables on the density of a species can help define its habitat preferences and key ecological determinants of population parameters. the present study evaluated the effects of fragment size, the presence of a key predator/competitor, the yellow-breasted capuchin (sapajus xanthosternos), primary productivity, the abundance of bromeliads, and habitat structure on the population density of the common marmoset (callithrix jacc ...	2015	25407393
congenital malformation of the vaginal orifice, imperforate vagina, in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the following is a report on a congenital vaginal malformation, imperforate vagina, in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). this anomaly was observed for the first time in an adult female in our research colony. there was no uterine and vaginal aplasia or atresia in her grossly normal genital tract. the plasma progesterone concentration suggested that the ovarian cycle had ceased. however, this may not be related to a functional anomaly, but rather to suppressed ovulation resulting from sub ...	2015	25391536
molecular and cellular characteristics of human and non-human primate multipotent stromal cells from the amnion and bone marrow during long term culture.	multipotent stromal cells (mscs) are among the key candidates in regenerative medicine. however variety of msc sources and general heterogeneity lead to controversial data in functional characterization. furthermore, despite intensive usage as preclinical animal model, little is known about mscs of the common marmoset monkey.	2015	26297012
histopathological characterization of renal tubular and interstitial changes in 5/6 nephrectomized marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus).	common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have become a useful animal model, particularly for development of biopharmaceuticals. while various renal failure models have been established in rodents, there is currently no acceptable model in marmosets. we analyzed the damaged renal tubules and tubulointerstitial changes (inflammation and fibrosis) of 5/6 nephrectomized (nx) common marmosets by histopathological/immunohistochemical methods, and compared these findings to those in 5/6 nx sd rats. in nx ...	2015	25446802
on-going elucidation of mechanisms of primate specific synaptic spine development using the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	recently, pathophysiology of human psychiatry originates from abnormal numbers of synapses/spines. there are generally two-types of development of spines from birth depending on species. one is, after birth, synaptogenesis occurs, and there is a clear peak of spines, and then rapidly pruning occurring, which are called "overshoot-type" of development of synapses/spines. primates including human belong to this type. in other type including rodents, even after a peak, general number of spines does ...	2015	25433092
treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-β1b improves outcome of mers-cov infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset.	middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe disease in human with an overall case-fatality rate of >35%. effective antivirals are crucial for improving the clinical outcome of mers. although a number of repurposed drugs, convalescent-phase plasma, antiviral peptides, and neutralizing antibodies exhibit anti-mers-cov activity in vitro, most are not readily available or have not been evaluated in nonhuman primates. we assessed 3 repurposed drugs with potent in vitro anti- ...	2015	26198719
animal models of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.	the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012 marked the second time that a new, highly pathogenic coronavirus has emerged in the human population in the 21st century. in this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of animal models of mers-cov infection. commonly used laboratory animal species such as syrian hamsters, mice and ferrets are not susceptible to mers-cov, due to differences in the mers-cov receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4). the i ...	2015	26192750
septo-temporal distribution and lineage progression of hippocampal neurogenesis in a primate (callithrix jacchus) in comparison to mice.	adult born neurons in the hippocampus show species-specific differences in their numbers, the pace of their maturation and their spatial distribution. here, we present quantitative data on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a new world primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) that demonstrate parts of the lineage progression and age-related changes. proliferation was largely (∼70%) restricted to stem cells or early progenitor cells, whilst the remainder of the cycling pool could be assig ...	2015	26175670
functional mri of visual responses in the awake, behaving marmoset.	the visual brain is composed of interconnected subcortical and cortical structures that receive and process image information originating in the retina. the visual system of nonhuman primates, in particular macaques, has been studied in great detail in order to elucidate principles of human sensation and perception. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small new world monkey of growing interest as a primate model for neuroscience. marmosets have advantages over macaques because of their ...	2015	26149609
striatal and extrastriatal dopamine release in the common marmoset brain measured by positron emission tomography and [(18)f]fallypride.	previous studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia show greater sensitivity to psychostimulants than healthy subjects. sensitization to psychostimulants and resultant alteration of dopaminergic neurotransmission in rodents has been suggested as a useful model of schizophrenia. this study sought to examine the use of methylphenidate as a psychostimulant to induce dopamine release and that of [(18)f]fallypride as a radioligand to quantify the release in a primate model of schizoph ...	2015	26232153
strongly bonded family members in common marmosets show synchronized fluctuations in oxytocin.	oxytocin is a key regulator of social bonding and is positively linked to affiliation and prosocial behavior in several mammal species. in chimpanzees, this link is dyad-specific as affiliative interactions only elicit high oxytocin release if they involve strongly bonded individuals. these studies involved isolated dyads and sampling events. little is known about the role of oxytocin in affiliation and social bonding, and about potential long-term patterns of bonding-related and dyad-specific o ...	2015	26232089
murine k2p5.1 deficiency has no impact on autoimmune neuroinflammation due to compensatory k2p3.1- and kv1.3-dependent mechanisms.	lymphocytes express potassium channels that regulate physiological cell functions, such as activation, proliferation and migration. expression levels of k2p5.1 (task2; kcnk5) channels belonging to the family of two-pore domain potassium channels have previously been correlated to the activity of autoreactive t lymphocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. in humans, k2p5.1 channels are upregulated upon t cell stimulation and influence t cell effector functions. howeve ...	2015	26213925
oxytocin and vasopressin enhance responsiveness to infant stimuli in adult marmosets.	the neuropeptides oxytocin (ot) and arginine-vasopressin (avp) have been implicated in modulating sex-specific responses to offspring in a variety of uniparental and biparental rodent species. despite the large body of research in rodents, the effects of these hormones in biparental primates are less understood. marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) belong to a clade of primates with a high incidence of biparental care and also synthesize a structurally distinct variant of ot (proline instead of ...	2015	26472596
the adenosine a2a receptor antagonist, istradefylline enhances anti-parkinsonian activity induced by combined treatment with low doses of l-dopa and dopamine agonists in mptp-treated common marmosets.	the adenosine a2a receptor antagonist, istradefylline improves motor function in patients with advanced parkinson's disease (pd) optimally treated with a combination of l-dopa and a dopamine agonist without increasing the risk of troublesome dyskinesia. however, the effects of istradefylline on motor function when administered in combination with low dose of l-dopa and dopamine agonists as occurs in early pd are unknown. we investigated whether istradefylline enhances the combined anti-parkinson ...	2015	26415982
corticospinal tract tracing in the marmoset with a clinical whole-body 3t scanner using manganese-enhanced mri.	manganese-enhanced mri (memri) has been described as a powerful tool to depict the architecture of neuronal circuits. in this study we investigated the potential use of in vivo mri detection of manganese for tracing neuronal projections from the primary motor cortex (m1) in healthy marmosets (callithrix jacchus). we determined the optimal dose of manganese chloride (mncl2) among 800, 400, 40 and 8 nmol that led to manganese-induced hyperintensity furthest from the injection site, as specific to ...	2015	26398500
can vocal conditioning trigger a semiotic ratchet in marmosets?	the complexity of human communication has often been taken as evidence that our language reflects a true evolutionary leap, bearing little resemblance to any other animal communication system. the putative uniqueness of the human language poses serious evolutionary and ethological challenges to a rational explanation of human communication. here we review ethological, anatomical, molecular, and computational results across several species to set boundaries for these challenges. results from anim ...	2015	26500583
active control of the nucleation temperature enhances freezing survival of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.	cryopreservation is a technique that has been extensively used for storage of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (mscs) in regenerative medicine. therefore, improving current cryopreservation procedures in terms of increasing cell viability and functionality is important. in this study, we optimized the cryopreservation protocol of mscs derived from the common marmoset callithrix jacchus (cj), which can be used as a non-human primate model in various pathological and transplantation studies a ...	2015	26499840
functional columns in superior temporal sulcus areas of the common marmoset.	cortical areas in the superior temporal sulcus (sts) of primates have been recognized as a part of the 'social brain'. in particular, biological motion stimuli elicit neuronal responses in the sts, indicating their roles in the ability to understand others' actions. however, the spatial organization of functionally identified sts cells is not well understood because it is difficult to identify the precise locations of cells in sulcal regions. here, using a small new world monkey, the common marm ...	2015	26512934
caffeine 7-n-demethylation and c-8-oxidation mediated by liver microsomal cytochrome p450 enzymes in common marmosets.	1. 3-n-demethylation of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is mediated by human cytochrome p450 1a2, whereas 7-n-demethylation and c-8-hydroxylation are reportedly catalyzed by monkey p450 2c9 and rat p450 1a2, respectively. 2. roles of marmoset p450 enzymes in caffeine oxidation were investigated using nine marmoset liver microsomes and 14 recombinantly expressed marmoset p450 enzymes. 3. predominant caffeine 7-n-demethylation and c-8-hydroxylation activities in marmoset liver microsomes were m ...	2015	26503341
mirror neurons in a new world monkey, common marmoset.	mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others' similar act. so far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. to investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whether mirror neurons with similar properties to macaques occur in a new world monkey, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). the ventral premotor cortex (pmv), where mirror neurons have been reporte ...	2015	26696817
embryonic stem cells of the non-human primate callithrix jacchus can be differentiated into definitive endoderm by activin-a but not ide-1/2.	pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine, due to their unlimited self-renewal potential and the ability to differentiate into all somatic cell types. differences between the rodent disease models and the situation in humans can be narrowed down with non-human primate models. the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) is an interesting model for biomedical research because these animals are easy to breed, get relatively old (≤ 13 years), are small in size, are rela ...	2015	23418163
magnetic resonance imaging of the common marmoset head.		2015	26042350
experimental respiratory infection of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with ebola virus kikwit.	ebola virus (ebov) causes a highly infectious and lethal hemorrhagic fever in primates with high fatality rates during outbreaks and ebov may be exploited as a potential biothreat pathogen. there is therefore a need to develop and license appropriate medical countermeasures against this virus. to determine whether the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) would be an appropriate model to assess vaccines or therapies against ebov disease (evd), initial susceptibility, lethality and pathogenesis st ...	2015	26209682
use of the common marmoset to study burkholderia mallei infection.	burkholderia mallei is a host-adapted bacterium that does not persist outside of its equine reservoir. the organism causes the zoonosis glanders, which is endemic in asia, africa, the middle east and south america. infection by b. mallei typically occurs via the respiratory or percutaneous route, and the most common manifestations are life-threatening pneumonia and bacteremia. glanders is difficult to diagnose and requires prolonged antibiotic therapy with low success rates. there is no vaccine ...	2015	25860021
draft genome sequence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli, isolated from the bloody stool sample of a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	here, we report the draft genome sequence of escherichia coli strain r811. this bacterium was isolated from the bloody stool sample of a common marmoset, and was categorized as enteropathogenic e. coli because it possessed eae.	2015	26450733
novel marmoset cytochrome p450 2c19 in livers efficiently metabolizes human p450 2c9 and 2c19 substrates, s-warfarin, tolbutamide, flurbiprofen, and omeprazole.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small new world monkey, has the potential for use in human drug development due to its evolutionary closeness to humans. four novel cdnas, encoding cytochrome p450 (p450) 2c18, 2c19, 2c58, and 2c76, were cloned from marmoset livers to characterize p450 2c molecular properties, including previously reported p450 2c8. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high sequence identities (>86%) with those of human p450 2cs, except for marmoset p450 2c76, which ...	2015	26228688
substrate selectivities and catalytic activities of marmoset liver cytochrome p450 2a6 differed from those of human p450 2a6.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a new world primate species, is potentially a useful animal model for preclinical studies in drug development. however, cytochrome p450 (p450) enzymes have not been fully identified and characterized in marmosets. in this study, we identified p450 2a6 cdna with the sequence highly identical (91-94%) to human p450 2a6, 2a7, and 2a13 cdna and cynomolgus monkey p450 2a23, 2a24, and 2a26 cdna. among the tissue types examined, marmoset p450 2a6 mrna was most ...	2015	25858611
marmoset cytochrome p450 2d8 in livers and small intestines metabolizes typical human p450 2d6 substrates, metoprolol, bufuralol and dextromethorphan.	1. although the new world non-human primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), is a potentially useful animal model, comprehensive understanding of drug metabolizing enzymes is insufficient. 2. a cdna encoding a novel cytochrome p450 (p450) 2d8 was identified in marmosets. the amino acid sequence deduced from p450 2d8 cdna showed a high sequence identity (83-86%) with other primate p450 2ds. phylogenetic analysis showed that marmoset p450 2d8 was closely clustered with human p450 2d6, un ...	2015	25801057
pandemic swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus replicates to higher levels and induces more fever and acute inflammatory cytokines in cynomolgus versus rhesus monkeys and can replicate in common marmosets.	the close immunological and physiological resemblance with humans makes non-human primates a valuable model for studying influenza virus pathogenesis and immunity and vaccine efficacy against infection. although both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques are frequently used in influenza virus research, a direct comparison of susceptibility to infection and disease has not yet been performed. in the current study a head-to-head comparison was made between these species, by using a recently described swi ...	2015	25946071
hiv-1 adapts to replicate in cells expressing common marmoset apobec3g and bst2.	previous studies have shown that a major block to hiv-1 replication in common marmosets operates at the level of viral entry and that this block can be overcome by adaptation of the virus in tissue-cultured cells. however, our current studies indicate that hiv-1 encounters additional postentry blocks in common marmoset peripheral blood mononuclear cells. here, we show that the common marmoset apobec3g (a3g) and bst2 proteins block hiv-1 in cell cultures. using a directed-evolution method that ta ...	2015	26512082
serological evidence of infection by leishmania (leishmania) infantum (synonym: leishmania (leishmania) chagasi) in free-ranging wild mammals in a nonendemic region of the state of são paulo, brazil.	concerns about the interface between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) have been growing due to natural or anthropogenic environmental changes. in this context, investigations of the infection in wild mammals are important to assess their exposure to the vector and the parasite. a study of anti-leishmania (leishmania) infantum antibodies was carried out using the direct agglutination test (dat) on 528 free-ranging wild mammals of 38 species ...	2015	26418884