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a major trichinellosis outbreak suggesting a high endemicity of trichinella infection in northern laos.trichinellosis is an important and under-recognized food-borne zoonosis in southeast asia. after 30 years of no reports, a small outbreak was described in central lao pdr (laos) in 2003. here we report a large outbreak of at least 650 estimated patients in udomxay (northern laos) in june 2005. trichinella elisa assays on serum from 133 patients and western blot assays on 16 patients were positive in 67.6% and 81.2%, respectively. no deaths were recorded. consumption of uncooked or fermented pork ...200818187783
complete validation of a unique digestion assay to detect trichinella larvae in horse meat demonstrates the reliability of this assay for meeting food safety and trade requirements.a tissue digestion assay using a double separatory funnel procedure for the detection of trichinella larvae in horse meat was validated for application in food safety programs and trade. the assay consisted of a pepsin-hcl digestion step to release larvae from muscle tissue and two sequential sedimentation steps in separatory funnels to recover and concentrate larvae for detection with a stereomicroscope. with defined critical control points, the assay was conducted within a quality assurance sy ...200818389700
computational screen for spliceosomal rna genes aids in defining the phylogenetic distribution of major and minor spliceosomal components.the rna molecules of the spliceosome are critical for specificity and catalysis during splicing of eukaryotic pre-mrna. in order to examine the evolution and phylogenetic distribution of these rnas, we analyzed 149 eukaryotic genomes representing a broad range of phylogenetic groups. rnas were predicted using high-sensitivity local alignment methods and profile hmms in combination with covariance models. the results provide the most comprehensive view so far of the phylogenetic distribution of s ...200818390578
evaluation of a rapid elisa technique for detection of circulating antigens of toxoplasma gondii.to evaluate a modified rapid elisa method for detecting cag during toxoplasma gondii infection, we analyzed the specificity and sensitivity of the elisa method by using experimental toxoplasma infection in rabbits and also tested this method in human samples including 5428 serum, 548 cerebrospinal fluid and two breast milk samples. we prepared pcab, and used it for rapid one-step sandwich elisa testing in which an incubation time in the regular elisa procedure was omitted. this method detected c ...200818402600
innate immune response mechanisms in the intestinal epithelium: potential roles for mast cells and goblet cells in the expulsion of adult trichinella spiralis.summarygastrointestinal infection with the nematode trichinella spiralis is accompanied by a rapid and reversible expansion of the mucosal mast cell and goblet cell populations in the intestinal epithelium, which is associated with the release of their mediators into the gut lumen. both goblet cell and mast cell hyperplasia are highly dependent on mucosal t-cells and augmented by the cytokines il-4 and il-13. however, the contribution of both mast and goblet cells, and the mediators they produce ...200818413001
the functions of deoxyribonuclease ii in immunity and development.apoptosis, which is usually accompanied by dna degradation, is important not only for the homeostasis of metazoans but also for mammalian development. if dna is not properly degraded in these processes, it can cause diverse diseases, such as anemia, cataracts, and some autoimmune diseases. a large effort has been made to identify these nucleases that are responsible for these effects. in contrast to deoxyribonuclease i (dnase i), deoxyribonuclease ii (dnase ii) has been less well characterized i ...200818419230
[prokaryotic expression of trichinella spiralis gene ts21 and identification of the recombinant protein].to express the antigen gene ts21 of trichinella spiralis, purify the recombinant protein and test its antigenicity.200718441887
study of the reproductive capacity of trichinella spiralis recovered from experimentally infected mice under-dosed with albendazole or mebendazole.the reproductive capacity of trichinella spiralis recovered from experimentally infected mice under-dosed with albendazole (alb) or mebendazole (meb) was studied. different groups of male c57/bl mice were infected with 10 +/- 0.5 muscular larvae (ml) per gram of body weight and treated with a single dose by oral (20 mg/kg) of alb, meb or praziquantel (pzq) given at 5th day post infection (dpi), during the intestinal phase of infection. in other group of mice, treatment with the same drugs and do ...200718209715
evaluation of a fluid versus a powder pepsin formulation to detect trichinella spiralis larvae in meat samples by a digestion technique.pepsin powder constitutes a health risk, potentially causing severe allergic reactions to those handling the chemical. a fluid pepsin formulation was produced and tested, first in a preliminary study and then in a ring trial encompassing four european national reference laboratories (nrls). the purpose of each trial was to ascertain and compare the action of pepsin powder with that of the pepsin fluid for digesting meat and liberating encapsulated trichinella spiralis larvae for subsequent count ...200718095451
contrast staining of trichinella spiralis larvae in fresh, frozen and formalin preserved muscles.fresh, frozen-thawed and formalin-preserved muscle samples heavily infected with trichinella larvae were cut into several pieces and stained with giemsa and leishman and the reference haematoxylineosin (h & e) stain. observation under microscope revealed that both muscle larvae and nurse cells in fresh and formalin preserved specimens appeared as purplish blue structures contrasting with the pinkish color of non-infected muscle fibers in both giemsa and leishman stains. these findings were confi ...200718383802
[study on 5s rdna sequence of two isolates of trichinella from guangxi].to analyze 5s ribosomal dna (5s rdna) sequences of two trichinella isolates from guangxi.200718038783
[determination of trace elements in hair of mice infected with trichinella spiralis].mice were divided into 3 groups: heavy infection group with 80 mice each was fed with 400 muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis, light infection group with 60 mice each was fed by 200 larvae, and uninfected control (60 mice) . the content of cu, zn and fe in the dorsal hair samples was measured in the week of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 after infection. results indicated that the content of zn, cu and fe in the two experimental groups reduced considerably in comparison to the control (p < 0.05) ...200718038813
contributions to the study of trichinella spiralis tsl-1 antigens in host immunity.the observation on different hosts infected with trichinella spiralis that recognized similar muscle larvae (ml) antigens and the fact that different monoclonal antibodies (mab) had a similar reactivity to ml components prompted a proposal to define a useful classification system for these antigens. for this purpose, an international workshop provided a platform for the classification of t. spiralis antigens. ml antigens were classified in eight groups -- trichinella spiralis larvae groups, tsl- ...200718042172
enhancement of bioavailability and anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole by solid dispersion and cyclodextrin complexation techniques.the objective of this study was to improve the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of albendazole (abz) employing solid dispersion and cyclodextrin complexation techniques. solid dispersion (dispersion) was prepared using abz and polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) polymer (1:1 weight ratio). ternary inclusion complex (ternary complex) was prepared using abz, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (hpbetacd) and l-tartaric acid (1:1:1 molar ratio). in rabbits with high gastric acidity (gastric ph appr ...200717867556
time course of neural and contractile disturbances in a rat model of colitis induced by trichinella spiralis.colitis induced by trichinella spiralis in rat induces alterations in the spontaneous motor pattern displayed by circular colonic muscle [auli, m., fernandez, e., 2005. characterization of functional and morphological changes in a rat model of colitis induced by t. spiralis. digestive diseases and sciences 50(8), 1432-1443]. we examined the temporal relationship between the severity of inflammation and the altered contractility of the underlying circular muscle as well as the role of nanc inhibi ...200717870133
[effect in vitro of albendazole on the kinetics of cytosolic glutathione transferase from the rat liver].since the idea of multifunctional mode of action of anthelmintics is considered and in experimental trichinellosis in vivo albendazole seems to act as an allosteric activator of cytosolic gst from mice muscles, in this study a termosensitivity after in vitro incubation with albendazole of purified commercial cytosolic glutathione transferase (gst) from the rat liver was investigated.200717912804
[the usefulness of elisa test for early serological detection of trichinella spp. infection in pigs].trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis transmitted to humans through consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with nematodes of the trichinella genus. every year seropositive cases are found among the human population and thus trichinellosis still remains an epidemiologically important disease. the first step of the study was the optimization of a new elisa method enabling an early and specific serological diagnosis of trichinellosis in pigs and wild boars using excretory-sec ...200717912813
[antibodies in trichinosis and duration of their detection in convalescents]. 200717912840
[detection of coproantigens in experimental trichinosis]. 200717912841
the cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel gene family of brugia malayi and trichinella spiralis: a comparison with caenorhabditis elegans.nematode cys-loop ligand gated ion channels (clgic) mediate neurotransmission and are important targets for anthelmintics in parasitic nematodes. the clgic superfamily in nematodes includes ion channels gated by acetylcholine, gamma-amino butyric acid (gaba), glutamate, glycine and 5-ht. the macrocyclic lactones and the nicotinic agonists are important groups of anthelmintics that target the glutamate gated chloride channels and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively. the model orga ...200717952476
contrasting effects of trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris antigens on the infection by leishmania infantum in balb/c mice.the interaction of trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris derived antigens with the infection by leishmania infantum was investigated in balb/c mice. infection with 10(6) promastigotes of l. infantum did not induce relevant serum antibody (igg subclasses), nor cytokine (ifn-gamma, il-4) responses despite that mice could partially control the infection. immunization with t. spiralis activated a moderate igg1 and secondarily an igg2a anti-leishmanial response whereas immunization with t. muris e ...200717679099
use of proficiency samples to assess diagnostic laboratories in france performing a trichinella digestion assay.routine diagnosis of animal trichinellosis for food safety and trade relies on a method of artificial digestion to free trichinella muscle larvae from meat for subsequent identification by microscopy. as part of a quality control system, the french national reference laboratory (nrl) initiated ring trials to determine the sensitivity of the test performed in the 72 routine diagnostic laboratories in france. a method was devised to obtain calibrated meat samples containing known numbers of capsul ...200717685343
aberrant mucosal mast cell protease expression in the enteric epithelium of nematode-infected mice lacking the integrin alphavbeta6, a transforming growth factor-beta1 activator.infection of mice with the nematode trichinella spiralis triggers recruitment and differentiation of intraepithelial intestinal mucosal mast cells expressing mouse mast cell protease 1 (mcpt-1), which contributes to expulsion of the parasite. expression of mcpt-1 is transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta1-dependent in vitro. tgf-beta1, which is secreted within tissues as a biologically inactive complex with latency-associated peptide, requires extracellular modification to become functionally act ...200717702893
cytokine modulation of muscarinic receptors in the murine intestine.the extent to which gut motility and smooth muscle contractility are altered by intestinal inflammation depends on the nature of the underlying immune activation. the muscarinic receptor on smooth muscle plays a critical role in mediating acetylcholine-driven motor function. we examined the ability of cytokines to influence muscarinic receptor characteristics on intestinal longitudinal muscle and related the findings to studies on carbachol-induced contraction. cells were isolated from longitudi ...200717431212
identification of stage-specifically expressed genes of trichinella spiralis by suppression subtractive hybridization.summarynewborn larvae (nbl) and adult (ad) stage-specifically expressed genes or members of gene families of trichinella spiralis were identified by suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). six cdna clones were identified as nbl stage-specific, including 1 member of the t. spiralis gene family encoding glutamic acid-rich proteins, 2 clones encoding novel serine proteases, 2 closely related clones encoding proteins that are members of a deoxyribonuclease ii (dnase ii)-like family and 1 clone ...200717475093
[about two cases of trichinellosis caused by trichinella britovi].trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis due to a nematode threadworm, trichinella, essentially trichinella spiralis. human cases mostly appeared sporadically, sometimes endemically, related with consumption of larva stinking meat. we report two cases of trichinellosis, including a myocarditis, caused by trichinella britovi after consumption of frozen wild boar meat.200717502306
[comparative immunochemical analysis of a complete somatic extract, somatic fractionated and excretory-secretory proteins and antigens of t. spiralis larvae].the paper deals with the analysis of the protein composition of invasion trichinella larvae, the immunochemical characteristics oftrichinella antigens of varying molecular mass, the development of the optimum procedures for having the preparative quantities of immunogenic, the so-called major trichinella antigens that are the major component for the production of diagnostic and prophylactic agents. twenty nine protein bands were detected in the composite of a complete somatic trichinella extract ...200717657951
[evaluation of the trichellocidal activity of lantirin (imp-17)]. 200717663043
[detection of soluble antigens in muscle tissue in experimental trichinosis]. 200717663044
epidemiology, histopathology, and muscle distribution of trichinella t9 in feral raccoons (procyon lotor) and wildlife of japan.the prevalences of trichinella t9 in trapped raccoons (procyon lotor) and several other potential mammalian reservoirs in hokkaido, wakayama, and nagasaki prefectures were investigated. muscle samples were collected from 2003 to 2006 from 1,080 raccoons, 113 raccoon dogs including 2 species (nyctereutes procyonoides albus and n. p. viverrinus), 41 wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax), 14 martens (martes melampus), 10 badgers (meles meles), 5 siberian weasels (martes sibirica coreana), 7 mink (mus ...200717310398
irritable bowel syndrome in persons who acquired trichinellosis.the postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) frequently follows bacterial infections. since people suffering from pi-ibs and trichinella spiralis-infected mice develop similar findings, this animal model has been successfully used for pi-ibs studies; however, ibs has never been studied in humans after trichinellosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the ibs symptoms in people who had acquired trichinellosis.200717313500
binding and repression of translation of the cognate mrna by trichinella spiralis thymidylate synthase differ from the corresponding interactions of the human enzyme. 200717326266
carrier-specificity of a phosphorylcholine-binding antibody requires the presence of the constant domains and is not dependent on the unique vh49 glycine or vh30 threonine residues.bacterially-produced antibody fragments, such as single-chain fv (scfv) which comprises the variable regions of the light (vl) and heavy (vh) chains joined together by a short flexible linker, are useful as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. we previously constructed a scfv fragment from a hybridoma antibody (mab2) but it unexpectedly lacked the unique carrier specificity of the native antibody. thus, it bound indiscriminately to various phosphorylcholine (pc)-associated antigens, whereas the hy ...200717331532
application of giemsa stain for easy detection of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae.the application of giemsa technique to stain compressed diaphragm samples obtained from rodents experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis is described. diaphragm samples from rats heavily infected with 20 muscle larvae per gram of body weight (20 ml/gbw) were cut into several pieces and stained with giemsa; on the other hand, whole diaphragms from slightly infected mice (1 ml/gbw) were also stained with giemsa. besides, muscle samples were also stained with giemsa. observation at 10 x ma ...200717374981
larval viability and serological response in horses with long-term trichinella spiralis infection.the horse is considered an aberrant host for the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis, and many aspects of the biology and epidemiology of trichinella infection in the horse are poorly understood. it has been reported that experimentally-infected horses produce a transient serological response to infection and that muscle larvae are cleared more rapidly than in parasite-adapted hosts such as the pig and humans. however, limited numbers of animals have been studied, and both the longevity of la ...200717386976
trichinella spiralis reinfection: macrophage activity in balb/c mice.the role of macrophages and their products--nitric oxide (no) and superoxide anion (o(2) (-))--were examined in balb/c mice reinfected with trichinella spiralis. mice were infected twice with 400 t. spiralis larvae; the secondary infection was performed 60 days after the primary one. adult t. spiralis in intestines were detected from 5 to 20 days postprimary infection (dpi), and postreinfection (dpri), but the intensity of worm expulsion was greater and quicker after the reinfection. the highest ...200717393182
concurrent infection with trichinella spiralis and other helminths in pigs.the aim of this study was to investigate possible influence of different helmintosis in the development of trichinella spiralis in experimental infected pigs. forty-two iberian pigs were allocated to six groups. three groups were single inoculated with ascaris suum, metastrongylus apri or t. spiralis, respectively. two groups were co-infected with t. spiralis and a. suum or t. spiralis and m. apri, respectively, while the last group included uninfected control pigs. clinical signs were only obse ...200717400390
trichinella spiralis-outbreak in the slovak republic.trichinellosis is a zoonosis caused by nematode worms of the genus trichinella and acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat or meat products that harbour parasite larvae. the present report was designed to evaluate the course and circumstances surrounding the trichinellosis outbreak that occurred due to consumption of pork from a backyard pig in the southwest area of slovakia in 2001.200717401712
viability and infectivity of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in frozen horse tissue.many aspects of the biology and epidemiology of trichinella infection in the horse are poorly understood, including survival of trichinella spp in horse muscle. in this study, we have assessed the freeze tolerance of t. spiralis in horse meat stored at 5, -5, and -18 degrees c for 1 day to 24 weeks. results demonstrate a steady reduction in the number of live ml recovered from the cold stored meat samples. on day 1, recovery of live larvae had been reduced by 18.6%, 50.1%, and 37.2%, and by 4 we ...200717418492
clinical, haematological, biochemical and economic impacts of trichinella spiralis infection in pigs.the purpose of this work was to assess the clinical, haematological and biochemical responses of pigs experimentally inoculated with trichinella spiralis. groups of three pigs were inoculated per os with 100, 500 and 5000 t. spiralis muscle larvae, two pigs were used as control. clinical evaluation of disease in pigs included daily examination, rectal temperature measurements and cardiac and respiration rates. haematological studies included: hematocrit (%), hemoglobin (g/dl), and white cell, ne ...200717543458
il-10 regulates movement of intestinally derived cd4+ t cells to the liver.diseases that affect the intestine may have hepatic manifestations, but the mechanisms involved in establishing hepatic disease secondarily remain poorly understood. we previously reported that il-10 knockout (ko) mice developed severe necrotizing hepatitis following oral infection with trichinella spiralis. in this study, we used this model of intestinal inflammation to further examine the role of il-10 in regulating hepatic injury. hepatic damage was induced by migrating newborn larvae. by del ...200717548634
immunization against trichinellosis using microwaved larvae of trichinela spiralis.the present study evaluated the effect of microwave irradiation on infective larvae of trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) by the ultrastructure changes of the microwaved larvae (ml) using scanning electron microscope (sem). the ml tested the ability to immunize mice against a challenge infection with t. spiralis. for the optimal dose and the best route of immunization inducing protection against challenge infection, two doses were used; 300 & 600 ml as one or two-dose regimen, each dose was give ...200717580572
[an epidemic of trichinellosis in autumn 2004 in slavonski brod].trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by a nematode trichinella sp. cases of trichinella spiralis infection in slavonski brod were investigated. a total of 64 trichinellosis cases were notified to the institute of public health, brod-posavska county between october and november 2004. there were 64 patients, 32 of them female, age range 3-67, mean 35 years. the mean incubation period was 3 (range 1-5) weeks. the epidemic started in october and terminated 39 days later. the patient ...200717585481
synthesis and antitrichinellosis activity of some bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)amines.novel bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)amines were synthesized using two methods and studied for antitrichinellosis activity. dft calculations were performed in order to determine the geometry of molecules. all derivatives of 2-aminobenzimidazole exhibited higher activity in vitro against trichinella spiralis larvae in regard to the activity of albendazole, moreover compounds 4f-i manifested antitrichinellosis effect, which surpassed five times the activity of albendazole. the in vivo screening of intestin ...200717600722
human trichinellosis from laos. 200717617851
[effect of different adjuvant formulations on the induced protection of mice immunized with recombinant protein ts87 of trichinella spiralis].to study the effect of 6 formulations of adjuvants on immunoprotection in mice induced by the recombinant ts87 protein (rts87) of trichinella spiralis.200717633818
seroprevalence of trichinella spiralis and toxoplasma gondii in pigs from different housing systems in the netherlands.prevalences of parasitic infections in pigs from different housing systems may vary, due to their contact with the environment, and this might have consequences for food safety. in this study, 40 organic, 9 free-range and 24 intensive farms were selected and a total of 845 serum samples were tested for antibodies specific for toxoplasma and trichinella using elisa assays. the overall seroprevalence of toxoplasma in the total number of 845 serum samples tested is 2.6%, ranging from 0.38% in inten ...200717646053
nematodes as host resistance models for detection of immunotoxicity.greater susceptibility to infection is a hallmark of compromised immune function in humans and animals, and is often considered the benchmark against which the predictive value of immune function tests are compared. the focus of this paper is resistance to infection with the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis as a model of host resistance. topics include overviews of parasite biology, host immune responses that limit infection and methods used to evaluate the host response to infection. det ...200716938464
swine infection with trichinella spiralis: comparative analysis of the mucosal intestinal and systemic immune responses.the immune protective response developed by swine against trichinella spiralis is not yet fully understood, particularly at the mucosal level. this study aimed to characterise intestinal immunity to t. spiralis by comparison with the systemic response in specifically pathogen-free pigs. for this purpose, the kinetics of cytokine and antibody production were assessed in the intestinal mucosa and serum of swine infected with t. spiralis for up to 60 days post-infection (dpi). an ex vivo model of j ...200716962244
trichinella spiralis: strong antibody response to a 49 kda newborn larva antigen in infected rats.in this work, we analyzed the kinetics of anti-trichinella spiralis newborn larva (nbl) antibodies (ab) and the antigenic recognition pattern of nbl proteins and its dose effects. wistar rats were infected with 0, 700, 2000, 4000 and 8000 muscle larvae (ml) and bled at different time intervals up to day 31 post infection (p.i.). ab production was higher with 2000 ml dose and decreased with 8000, 4000 and 700 ml. abs were not detected until day 10, peaked on day 14 for the 2000 ml dose and on day ...200716989813
comparative analysis of the excretory-secretory proteome of the muscle larva of trichinella pseudospiralis and trichinella spiralis.the nematodes trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis are both intracellular parasites of skeletal muscle cells and induce profound alterations in the host cell resulting in a re-alignment of muscle-specific gene expression. while t. spiralis induces the production of a collagen capsule surrounding the host-parasite complex, t. pseudospiralis exists in a non-encapsulated form and is also characterised by suppression of the host inflammatory response in the muscle. these observed diff ...200717007860
molecular epidemiology of trichinella spp. in three baltic countries: lithuania, latvia, and estonia.meat of domestic pigs and wild boars has been the significant source of emerged human trichinellosis in lithuania, latvia, and estonia over the past two decades. however, there is very little known on the occurrence of trichinella spp. in main wildlife reservoirs and its transmission in domestic and sylvatic cycles in these countries. the present study demonstrated considerably higher endemicity of trichinella spp. in main sylvatic reservoirs (28.9-42% in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs ( ...200717013647
evaluation of baculovirus-derived recombinant 53-kda protein of trichinella spiralis for detection of trichinella-specific antibodies in domestic pigs by elisa.the complete gene encoding the 53-kda protein derived from trichinella spiralis was cloned and expressed using a baculovirus-based system. characterization of a purified fusion protein consisting of the 53-kda protein and the glutathione s-transferase protein showed unspecific reactivity with swine pre-immune serum in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot analysis. subsequently, a purified c-terminal 6xhis-tagged 53-kda protein was used in an elisa. the evaluation of th ...200717016726
evaluation of effects of albendazole on the kinetics of cytosolic glutathione transferase in skeletal muscles during experimental trichinellosis in mice.in this study, the effect of trichinellosis as well as the effect of albendazole treatment on the kinetics of substrate saturation of cytosolic glutathione transferase (gst) in the skeletal muscles from infected mice was examined because the idea of multifunctional mode of action of anthelmintic drugs was considered. our results pointed out to the influence of trichinellosis and albendazole treatment on the quaternary structure of gst in mouse muscles. a double reciprocal plot of gst saturation ...200717024361
inhibition of autoimmune type 1 diabetes by gastrointestinal helminth infection.gastrointestinal nematode infections are prevalent worldwide and are potent inducers of t helper 2 responses with the capacity to modulate the immune response to heterologous antigens. parasitic helminth infection has even been shown to modulate the immune response associated with autoimmune diseases. nonobese diabetic (nod) mice provide a model for studying human autoimmune diabetes; as in humans, the development of diabetes in nod mice has been linked to the loss of self-tolerance to beta cell ...200717043101
secretion and processing of a novel multi-domain cystatin-like protein by intracellular stages of trichinella spiralis.the excretory-secretory (es) proteins of nematode parasites are of major interest as they function at the host-parasite interface and are likely to have roles crucial for successful parasitism. furthermore, the es proteins of intracellular nematodes such as trichinella spiralis may also function to regulate gene expression in the host cell. in a recent proteomic analysis we identified a novel secreted cystatin-like protein from t. spiralis l1 muscle larva. here we show that the protein, mcd-1 (m ...200717081632
protein profile analysis from advanced third-stage larvae (advl3) and adult worms of gnathostoma binucleatum (nematoda: spirurida).proteins from crude extracts of advanced third-stage larvae and adult gnathostoma binucleatum nematode worms showed protein profiles in sds-page analysis similar to echinococcus granulosus, trichinella spiralis, dipylidium caninum, ancylostoma caninum, ascaris lumbricoides and toxocara canis. the immunoblot analysis of the human serum infected or suspected to be infected with g. binucleatum using the total larvae extract recognized the 40, 60, 80 and 115 kda proteins and using the total adult wo ...200717096141
isolation of a 14 kda antigen from taenia solium cyst fluid by hplc and its evaluation in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis.a fraction with a major band of 14kda was obtained from crude cyst fluid of taenia solium cysticerci by 2-step chromatography. a first fraction isolated by gel filtration (sephacryl s-300 high resolution) was purified using an anion exchange column (mono q hr 5/5) on high performance liquid chromatography. evaluation of the analytic sensitivity of this fraction (f3) was carried out in an antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ab-elisa-f3) using serum samples from pigs experimentally infecte ...200717101161
detection of coproantibodies and faecal immune complexes in human trichinellosis.trichinella spiralis is the nematode causative agent of trichinellosis, an intestinal and tissular parasitosis. even though an early diagnosis during the intestinal phase is essential to limit the infection in humans, to date, there are no available tests to achieve this goal. based on the immune response generated by the host's intestinal mucosa, the aim of this work was to develop elisas to assess the presence of coproantigens (cags), coproantibodies (cabs) and faecal immune complexes in stool ...200717156581
pro-oxidant effects of mebendazole in albino rats experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis.trichinellosis treated with mebendazole often leads to complications in the course of the disease in humans and animals as a result of intoxication and hyper-sensitization of an organism due to the massive destruction of parasites. this study was conducted to research mebendazole incidence on lipid peroxidation processes (lpp) in rats' blood in trichinella spiralis-infected and parasite-free albino rats. the research was conducted to evaluate erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (sod) activity and m ...200717186274
coordinated control of immunity to muscle stage trichinella spiralis by il-10, regulatory t cells, and tgf-beta.we previously demonstrated that il-10 is critical in the control of acute inflammation during development of trichinella spiralis in the muscle. in this study, we use gene-targeted knockout mice, adoptive transfer of specific t cell populations, and in vivo ab treatments to determine the mechanisms by which inflammation is controlled and effector t cell responses are moderated during muscle infection. we report that cd4(+)cd25(-) effector t cells, rather than cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells, su ...200717202367
early pulmonary response in rats infected with trichinella spiralis.the migratory stage of trichinella spiralis, the newborn larva, travels along the pulmonary microvascular system on its way to the striated muscle cells. in the present study, an important inflammatory reaction was observed on days 5 and 14 post-infection (p.i.) in the lungs of infected rats. this inflammation was characterized by a th2 cell phenotype of hyperplastic bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and by goblet cell hyperplasia. among the inflammatory cells were eosinophils and mast cells s ...200717040611
the role of il-4, il-13 and il-4ralpha in the development of protective and pathological responses to trichinella spiralis.t helper type 2 (th2) responses have been shown to be important in protective responses to gastrointestinal (gi) helminth infections and in the development of the intestinal pathology accompanying expulsion of the parasite. different inbred mouse strains have been shown to develop different cytokine profiles following infection with gi helminths with increased resistance observed in those strains where th2 cytokines predominate. the aim of this study was to determine the role of il-4, il-13 and ...200717241396
thermally induced and developmentally regulated expression of a small heat shock protein in trichinella spiralis.a cdna encoding a small heat shock protein of trichinella spiralis, ts-shsp, was cloned and expressed and is herein characterized. this cdna encoded a predicted protein of 165 amino acids, which had a high sequence identity in alpha crystallin domain with various small heat shock proteins of other organisms. a western blot analysis indicated that anti-ts-shsp recombinant antibody recognized the protein of adults and larvae migrating at about 19 kda. an in situ localization study showed the prote ...200717268805
dendritic cell expression of the transcription factor t-bet regulates mast cell progenitor homing to mucosal tissue.the transcription factor t-bet was identified in cd4(+) t cells, and it controls interferon gamma production and t helper type 1 cell differentiation. t-bet is expressed in certain other leukocytes, and we recently showed (lord, g.m., r.m. rao, h. choe, b.m. sullivan, a.h. lichtman, f.w. luscinskas, and l.h. glimcher. 2005. blood. 106:3432-3439) that it regulates t cell trafficking. we examined whether t-bet influences homing of mast cell progenitors (mcp) to peripheral tissues. surprisingly, we ...200717296784
prolactin-like hormone in the nematode trichinella spiralis larvae.expression of prolactin (prl) or prolactin-like hormone has been reported in invertebrates. we investigated the larval phase of trichinella spiralis: (a) to express 23 kda prl, (b) to define its localization and (c) to test its possible biological activity. immunostaining in isolated larvae demonstrated positive material to 23 kda prl by all along the stichosome, specifically in the stichocytes. homogenized immunoblot larvae showed a 23 kda protein band. to assess prl release and its biological ...200717300781
cyclic amp signaling contributes to neural plasticity and hyperexcitability in ah sensory neurons following intestinal trichinella spiralis-induced inflammation.trichinella spiralis infection causes hyperexcitability in enteric after-hyperpolarising (ah) sensory neurons that is mimicked by neural, immune or inflammatory mediators known to stimulate adenylyl cyclase (ac)/cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp) signaling. the hypothesis was tested that ongoing modulation and sustained amplification in the ac/camp/phosphorylated camp related element binding protrein (pcreb) signaling pathway contributes to hyperexcitability and neuronal plasticity in g ...200717307183
[in vivo development of trichinella spiralis in rats].the causative agent is trichinella spiralis which lives in the intestines in adult form or in skeletal muscles in larval form. after ingestion of raw or undercooked infected meat that contains larvae of trichinella, these larvae enter the blood and the lymphatic circulation. they usually settle in the skeletal muscles and develop further. this study was conducted in the department of parasitology of the dokuz eylul university, school of medicine. the aim of this experimental study was to develop ...200617309030
[analyzing the time course of changes in the titers of specific antibodies while immunization of animals with the biological agent egfb with different adjuvants].the recombinant echinococcus antigens egf and egb were prepared and purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography (800 and 780 mg, respectively being obtained). four vaccinating complexes, the major component of which were the recombinant antigens egf and egb, were developed and tested in an experiment on rabbits. the time course of changes in antibody genesis was studied during a single immunization of the animals with the biological agent egfb with different adjuvants for 120 days ...200617290902
trichinella in pork: current knowledge on the suitability of freezing as a public health measure. 200617213551
infectious muscle disease.infectious muscle diseases have very different aetiologies. the viral myositides are proved by clinical and laboratory evidences in various etiologic settings (influenza a and b, coxsackie and hiv). the bacterial myositis was considered in the near past a tropical disease, but in our days with migration of people from south to north and the endemia of aids it became a problem of the "civilized" world. on the other hand, tuberculous endemia in central-eastern europe, including romania, results in ...200617236294
riboflavin-deficient and trichinella spiralis-induced stresses on plasma corticosterone associated with spermatogenesis in male wistar rats.the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of riboflavin-deficient and trichinella spiralis-induced stresses on corticosterone associated with spermatogenesis in male wistar rats. rats were allocated into 4 groups: group 1: control; group 2: riboflavin-deficient diet; group 3: t. spiralis infection; group 4: riboflavin deficient diet with t. spiralis infection. this experiment lasted for 12 weeks. plasma corticosterone was significantly enhanced when exposed to acute riboflavin d ...200617124982
systematics and epidemiology of trichinella.in this review, we describe the current knowledge on the systematics, ecology and epidemiology of trichinella and trichinellosis, and the impact of recent research discoveries on the understanding of this zoonosis. the epidemiology of this zoonosis has experienced important changes over the past two decades, especially with regard to the importance of the sylvatic cycle and the sylvatic species. outbreaks of trichinellosis due to trichinella spiralis from domestic swine, while still frequent, in ...200617134656
differential roles of the co-stimulatory molecules gitr and ctla-4 in the immune response to trichinella spiralis.we investigated the roles of the regulatory molecules glucocorticoid-induced tnf receptor family-related protein (gitr) and cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (ctla-4) in murine infection with the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. expression of gitr and ctla-4 was rapidly upregulated on cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, with approximately 80% of cd4+ lymphocytes expressing gitr by day 7 post-infection, coinciding with release and dissemination of newborn larvae. as t ...200617045510
microcapsules formulated in the enteric coating copolymer eudragit l100 as delivery systems for oral vaccination against infections by gastrointestinal nematode parasites.microcapsules using the copolymer of methacrylic acid (eudragit l100) were formulated for oral delivery of vaccines against the enteral/parenteral nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. antigenic preparations from first stage larvae (l1) of t. spiralis were microencapsulated in eudragit l100. the microcapsules prepared by the spray drying method were resistant to acid ph, although the antigen was rapidly released under neutral and basic environmental conditions. the native protein conformation ...200617050122
canine trichinosis presenting with syncope and av conduction disturbance. 200617063722
[methods for investigating trichinella infections in domestic and wild animals].trichinellosis is an important parasitic zoonosis that is caused by the intracellular nematode trichinella spp.. infection of humans occurs through consumption of raw (or undercooked) meat containing infectious larvae. in europe, meat from pork, horse, and wild boar have been identified as most important sources of trichinella infections in humans. in switzerland, both the domestic pig and wild boar population are considered free of trichinella. conversely, swiss foxes, lynxs and recently a wolf ...200617024975
antihelminthic activity of some newly synthesized 5(6)-(un)substituted-1h-benzimidazol-2-ylthioacetylpiperazine derivatives.piperazine derivatives of 5(6)-substituted-(1h-benzimidazol-2-ylthio)acetic acids were synthesized by using two methods and studied for antihelminthic activity. the antiparasitic screening showed that compounds 18-24 exhibited higher activity against trichinella spiralis in vitro in comparison to methyl 5-(propylthio)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl-carbamate (albendazole). most active were compounds 2-({2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}thio)-1h-benzimidazole 21 and 2-{[2-oxo-2-(4-benzhydryl ...200616996654
mast cell stabilizer ketotifen [4-(1-methyl-4-piperidylidene)-4h-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10(9h)-one fumarate] prevents mucosal mast cell hyperplasia and intestinal dysmotility in experimental trichinella spiralis inflammation in the rat.trichinella spiralis infection in rats induces hypermotility and an abnormal response to cholecystokinin (cck) similar to motor disturbances observed in irritable bowel syndrome. mast cell hyperplasia is also characteristic of this experimental model. the aim of our study was to correlate mast cell activity with the development of dysmotility and to demonstrate whether the mast cell stabilizer ketotifen [4-(1-methyl-4-piperidylidene)-4h-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10(9h)-one fumarate] co ...200616988056
transgenomic metabolic interactions in a mouse disease model: interactions of trichinella spiralis infection with dietary lactobacillus paracasei supplementation.irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a common multifactorial intestinal disorder for which the aetiology remains largely undefined. here, we have used a trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis)-induced model of post-infective ibs, and the effects of probiotic bacteria on gut dysfunction have been investigated using a metabonomic strategy. a total of 44 mice were divided into four groups: an uninfected control group and three t. spiralis-infected groups, one as infected control and the two other groups su ...200616944930
the effect of morphine on mast cell-mediated mucosal permeability.the late phase of post-traumatic multisystem organ failure is associated with sepsis from organisms that normally reside within the gut's lumen. morphine, a commonly employed analgesic in injured patients, is associated with intestinal stasis, bacterial overgrowth, and translocation when administered to rats. n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp), a toxic product of gram-negative organisms, provokes an increase in mucosal permeability when infused into the ileal lumen of this species. t ...200616364718
comparative analysis of trichinella spiralis and trichinella nativa proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.trichinella spiralis and trichinella nativa are both common wildlife parasites in finland. however, they differ substantially in their resistance to below 0 degrees c temperatures in their natural hosts. t. nativa can live in frozen fox meat for years, whereas t. spiralis dies when frozen. in mouse muscle, the difference is not as evident; even t. nativa cannot maintain infectivity when kept at -20 degrees c for 1 week. crude larval protein extracts of these two parasite species were analyzed by ...200616380837
molecules released by helminth parasites involved in host colonization.parasites are designed by evolution to invade the host and survive in its organism until they are ready to reproduce. parasites release a variety of molecules that help them to penetrate the defensive barriers and avoid the immune attack of the host. in this respect, particularly interesting are enzymes and their inhibitors secreted by the parasites. serine-, aspartic-, cysteine-, and metalloproteinases are involved in tissue invasion and extracellular protein digestion. helminths secrete inhibi ...200616410836
the epidemiology of human trichinellosis in china during 2000-2003.the endemic foci of trichinellosis continue to be mainly located in the southwestern, the central and northeastern china. the seroepidemiological surveys of t. spiralis infection in humans were carried out in six provinces or municipals (p/m) of china during 2000-2003, the overall seroprevalence was 3.57%. from 2000 to 2003, 17 outbreaks of human trichinellosis, with 828 cases and 11 deaths, were recorded in 8 p/a of china. all of 11 deaths occurred in the southwestern china (1 case in sichuan, ...200616414006
cloning and analysis of a cdna encoding a putative serine protease comprising two trypsin-like domains of trichinella spiralis.the cdna encoding a putative serine protease, tsserp, was cloned by degenerative polymerase chain reaction and screening of the cdna library from trichinella spiralis adult-newborn larvae stage. sequence analysis revealed the presence of two trypsin-like serine protease domains flanking a hydrophilic domain, with the catalytic triad residue histidine in the alpha domain substituted by an arginine residue. southern blots indicated that this was a single copy gene in the parasite genome. northern ...200616341878
trichinella spiralis infection affects p47(phox) protein expression in guinea-pig alveolar macrophages.to establish whether nadph oxidase activation, responsible for previously demonstrated trichinella spiralis-induced respiratory burst, results from assembling of membrane and cytosolic nadph oxidase components and/or increased expression of the oxidase complex proteins, the superoxide anion production and expression of the regulatory p47(phox) subunit were measured in cultured alveolar macrophages obtained during t. spiralis infection of guinea pigs. the results demonstrate for the first time he ...200616356496
[the epidemiological and clinicoimmunological aspects of the outburst of trichinosis in the krymsky district of the krasnodar territory].the present paper presents the epidemiological and clinicoimmunological aspects of the outburst of trichinosis in the krymsky district of the krasnodar territory in january 2001. six hundred and forty-eight persons ate infested wild boar meat, 119 (74.8%) fell ill with moderate and severe trichinosis. the authors provide the results of 3.5-year immunological studies of the patients with trichinosis and convalescents, infection-risk and healthy individuals; those of autopsies of the corpses of th ...200616562745
distribution of muscle larvae and antibody dynamics in goats experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis.herbivorous animals can play a very important role in spreading trichinellosis. in the study presented here, the susceptibility and distribution of trichinella spiralis infection was examined in 16 goat kids. the goats were inoculated with 10,000 t. spiralis larvae isolated by artificial digestion methods. the animals were necropsied per two animals in weekly intervals, and the larval burdens in different muscle tissue and anti-trichinella antibodies measured with the indirect enzyme-linked immu ...200616715233
the role of th2 cytokines, chemokines and parasite products in eosinophil recruitment to the gastrointestinal mucosa during helminth infection.trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris are nematode parasites of the mouse, dwelling in the small and large intestines, respectively: worm expulsion requires development of a th2 immune response. the chemokine ccl11 is agonist for the chemokine receptor ccr3 and acts in synergy with il-5 to recruit eosinophils to inflammatory sites. the role of ccl11 in gastrointestinal helminth infection has not been previously studied. we challenged wild-type (wt) balb/c, ccl11 single knockout (sko) and ccl1 ...200616783848
effects of trichinella spiralis infection on intestinal pathology in mice lacking interleukin-4 (il-4) or intestinal trefoil factor (itf/tff3).the nematode trichinella spiralis induces pathological changes in the small intestine of the host, which are known to be controlled by immune and inflammatory mediators. the detail of this control has still to be completely understood. mice deficient in interleukin 4 (il-4) or in intestinal trefoil factor/trefoil family factor 3 (itf/tff3) were infected with t. spiralis and the resultant changes in the intestinal mucosa followed by quantifying numbers of mucosal mast cells, goblet cells, paneth ...200616814598
functional characterisation of a nematode secreted gm2-activator protein.we have identified a gm2-activator protein (gm2ap) with highly unusual properties secreted by the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. expression in pichia pastoris resulted in a hyperglycosylated protein of 28 kda, but the 18 kda native protein was not glycosylated. the parasite gm2ap does not facilitate degradation of gm2 ganglioside by n-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase a, although it does inhibit phospholipase d activity. lack of the former activity might be explained by the absence of a domain ...200616569450
trichinella spiralis: histamine secretion induced by tsl-1 antigens from unsensitized mast cells.mast cells' hyperplasia and activation are prominent features in trichinella spiralis infection. recently, it was shown that tsl-1 antigens from t. spiralis muscle larvae induce il-4 and tnf release by unsensitized, normal mast cells (mc) involving an ig-independent mechanism. in this study, we characterized histamine secretion induced by tsl-1 antigens from normal, unsensitized rat peritoneal mc. maximum histamine secretion (30+/-5.3% sem, n=13) was achieved with 30 ng/ml tsl-1 antigens. howeve ...200616600218
alterations in intestinal contractility during inflammation are caused by both smooth muscle damage and specific receptor-mediated mechanisms.to evaluate motoric intestinal disturbances during inflammation with trichinella spiralis in rats as an experimental model.200616625700
post-miocene expansion, colonization, and host switching drove speciation among extant nematodes of the archaic genus trichinella.parasitic nematodes of the genus trichinella cause significant food-borne illness and occupy a unique evolutionary position at the base of the phylum nematoda, unlike the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. although the forthcoming genome sequence of trichinella spiralis can provide invaluable comparative information about nematode biology, a basic framework for understanding the history of the genus trichinella is needed to maximize its utility. we therefore developed the first robust ...200616651518
acute trichinellosis increases susceptibility to giardia lamblia infection in the mouse model.the intestinal protozoan parasite giardia lamblia causes diarrhoea in humans and animals. in the present study, we used the c57bl/6 inbred mouse model to assess the impact of a nematode (trichinella spiralis) infection on the course of a g. lamblia (clone gs/m-83-h7) infection. acute trichinellosis coincided with transient intestinal inflammation and generated an intestinal environment that strongly promoted growth of g. lamblia trophozoites although the local anti-giardia immunoglobulin (ig) a ...200616677442
molecular characterization of trichinella genotypes by inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (issr-pcr).a bulk analysis of inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (issr-pcr) provides a quick, reliable, and highly informative system for dna banding patterns that permit species identification. the present study evaluates the applicability of this system to trichinella species identification. after a single amplification carried out on a single larva with the primer 816([ca]nry) under high stringency conditions, which provide high reproducibility, we were able to identify by consistent ...200616884006
involvement of the c-ski oncoprotein in cell cycle arrest and transformation during nurse cell formation after trichinella spiralis infection.the role of c-ski, an oncoprotein encoded by the oncogene, c-ski, in trichinella spiralis-infected muscle tissues during nurse cell formation, was investigated by following the expression kinetics and distribution of c-ski (both protein and mrna) in the infected muscle cell, as well as the expression kinetics of the transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) signaling pathway factor genes (tgf-beta, smad2 and smad4) which cooperate with c-ski. immunohistochemical analysis using an anti-c-ski ant ...200616890942
2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin improves the effectiveness of albendazole against encapsulated larvae of trichinella spiralis in a murine model.we evaluated whether the effectiveness of albendazole against encapsulated larvae increases when 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (hp-betacd) is added to improve bioavailability.200616895937
trichinella as a modulator of flu-induced pathology?in trichinella spiralis and influenza co-infected mice, the influenza virus-induced secretion of the lung-damaging tumour necrosis factor alpha is modulated, as described by furze et al. in a recent study. however, the immune response induced by t. spiralis is so variable that this modulation could be of limited value to manage clinical cases of influenza. nevertheless, the concept that parasites can modulate influenza-induced pathology presents an interesting and potentially useful approach to ...200616920026
epidemiological survey of trichinella infection in domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic animals from argentina.the presence of trichinella larvae was investigated in 247 samples taken from domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic animals, collected during 1996 to 2005 in 12 endemic provinces of trichinella infection in argentina. muscle larvae of trichinella from 65 infected animals were identified at the species level by single larva nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique based on the variability within the expansion segment v (esv) region of the ribosomal dna. trichinella infections were found in ...200616923270
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