Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection among patients with non-schizophrenic neurodevelopmental disorders in alexandria, egypt. | toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasite with neurotropic characteristics that can mediate neurodevelopmental disorders, including mental, behavioral and personality aspects of their hosts. therefore, the seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies has been studied in patients with different neurological disorders from different localities. on searching online databases, however, we could not find published studies on the seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies among patients with ne ... | 2016 | 26656562 |
| clonal types of toxoplasma gondii among immune compromised and immune competent individuals in accra, ghana. | there are three major clonal lineages, types i, ii, and iii, of toxoplasma gondii known to cause human toxoplasmosis worldwide. toxoplasma gondii infections have, however, not been genotyped in ghana. this study detected the clonal types infecting immune compromised and immune competent individuals in accra, ghana. blood samples were obtained from 148 hiv seropositive pre-antiretroviral therapy individuals (0 ≤ cd4(+) t-cell count/μl blood ≤ 200) at the fevers unit and 149 hiv seronegative appar ... | 2016 | 26775819 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection and testosterone congruently increase tolerance of male rats for risk of reward forfeiture. | decision making under risk involves balancing the potential of gaining rewards with the possibility of loss and/or punishment. tolerance to risk varies between individuals. understanding the biological basis of risk tolerance is pertinent because excessive tolerance contributes to adverse health and safety outcomes. yet, not much is known about biological factors mediating inter-individual variability in this regard. we investigate if latent toxoplasma gondii infection can cause risk tolerance. ... | 2016 | 26774464 |
| tgf-β1 levels and intraocular tissue alterations in mice infected with a virulent type i rh toxoplasma gondii strain. | toxoplasmosis is generally self-limiting in healthy adults but it may cause toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in cases of congenital infection leading to blindness. the importance of host genetics in determining disease severity in ocular toxoplasmosis has been shown in different inbred mouse strains using low-virulence toxoplasma strain. in this study, we studied intraocular immune response and tissue alterations in the genetically resistant balb/c and susceptible mf1 mice infected with a virulent ... | 2016 | 26773166 |
| mixture of alum--naloxone and alum--naltrexone as a novel adjuvant elicits immune responses for toxoplasma gondii lysate antigen in balb /c mice. | toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) is an obligate intracellular parasite. treatment of the infection induced by this parasite is not straightforward due to the toxic side effects of the available drugs. vaccine development could be a solution to this problem. in the present study, t.gondii lysate antigen (tla), as a model vaccine, in combination with the alum-nlt (aluminum phosphate-naltrexone) and alum-nlx (aluminum phosphate-naloxone) were evaluated for immunization balb/c. 147 female balb/c mice w ... | 2016 | 26773164 |
| molecular detection and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii infection in sika deer (cervus nippon) in china. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii infection in sika deer in china. during august 2014 to november 2014, a total of 450 tissue samples coming from 150 sika deer were collected to detect the t. gondii b1 gene using a nested pcr, and the positive samples were genotyped at 11 genetic markers (sag1, 5'- and 3'-sag2, alternative sag2, sag3, btub, gra6, l358, pk1, c22-8, c29-2, and apico) using multilocus polymerase ch ... | 2016 | 26772153 |
| cross-sectional serosurvey and risk factors associated with the presence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs in greece. | toxoplasmosis is a worldwide reported zoonotic infection caused by the protozoon toxoplasma gondii. pigs may become infected by ingesting feed or water contaminated with cat faeces, by cannibalism, and/or by eating infected rodents. t. gondii infected edible tissues of pigs are a source of infection for humans. this study was undertaken to detect seropositivity of pigs against t. gondii and identify possible risk factors as well as to compare two serological methods. | 2016 | 26771899 |
| toxoplasmosis in the caribbean islands: literature review, seroprevalence in pregnant women in ten countries, isolation of viable toxoplasma gondii from dogs from st. kitts, west indies with report of new t. gondii genetic types. | little is currently known of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in the caribbean. we investigated the prevalence of igg and igm antibodies in 437 pregnant women from 10 english speaking caribbean countries. overall, antibodies (igg) to toxoplasma gondii (modified agglutination test, mat, cut-off 1:6) were found in 174 (39.8 %) of 437 human sera; specifically 12 of 38 from antigua-barbuda, 26 of 52 from belize, 9 of 50 from bermuda, 29 of 49 from dominica, 18 of 49 from grenada, 16 of 4 ... | 2016 | 26762861 |
| the conoid associated motor myoh is indispensable for toxoplasma gondii entry and exit from host cells. | many members of the phylum of apicomplexa have adopted an obligate intracellular life style and critically depend on active invasion and egress from the infected cells to complete their lytic cycle. toxoplasma gondii belongs to the coccidian subgroup of the apicomplexa, and as such, the invasive tachyzoite contains an organelle termed the conoid at its extreme apex. this motile organelle consists of a unique polymer of tubulin fibres and protrudes in both gliding and invading parasites. the clas ... | 2016 | 26760042 |
| analysis of noncanonical calcium-dependent protein kinases in toxoplasma gondii by targeted gene deletion using crispr/cas9. | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are expanded in apicomplexan parasites, especially in toxoplasma gondii where 14 separate genes encoding these enzymes are found. although previous studies have shown that several cdpks play a role in controlling invasion, egress, and cell division in t. gondii, the roles of most of these genes are unexplored. here we developed a more efficient method for gene disruption using crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/cas9 (crisp ... | 2016 | 26755159 |
| toxoplasmic ventriculitis. | 2016 | 26746327 | |
| estimating toxoplasma gondii exposure in arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) while navigating the imperfect world of wildlife serology. | although the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is ubiquitous in birds and mammals worldwide, the full suite of hosts and transmission routes is not completely understood, especially in the arctic. toxoplasma gondii occurrence in humans and wildlife can be high in arctic regions, despite apparently limited opportunities for transmission of oocysts shed by felid definitive hosts. arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) are under increasing anthropogenic and ecologic pressure, leading to population declin ... | 2016 | 26745833 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of two toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from uberlândia, brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in free-range chickens from uberlândia, minas gerais state, brazil, and characterize the genotypic and phenotypic features of two isolates of this parasite, considering the importance of these hosts in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. serum samples from 108 free-range chickens were obtained from ten different districts, and submitted to the modified agglutination test (mat) for the presence of anti-t. gond ... | 2016 | 26743347 |
| local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic toxoplasma gondii genomes. | toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals and causing zoonotic infections in humans. t. gondii differs substantially in its broad distribution from closely related parasites that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. to elucidate the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the genomes of 62 globally distributed t. gondii isolates to several closely related coccidian parasites. our findings reveal that tandem amp ... | 2016 | 26738725 |
| immunity in the spleen and blood of mice immunized with irradiated toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. | toxoplasma gondii infection induces a strong and long-lasting immune response that is able to prevent most reinfections but allows tissue cysts. irradiated, sterilized t. gondii tachyzoites are an interesting vaccine, and they induce immunity that is similar to infection, but without cysts. in this study, we evaluated the cellular immune response in the blood and spleen of mice immunized with this preparation by mouth (v.o.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) and analyzed the protection after challenge ... | 2016 | 26732075 |
| pulmonary toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients with interstitial pneumonia: a single-centre prospective study assessing pcr-based diagnosis. | pulmonary toxoplasmosis has become a very rare parasitic infection since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapies. it is generally diagnosed by the direct microscopic observation of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). the aim of this study was to assess possible improvements in diagnostic performance associated with the use of real-time pcr. | 2016 | 26729012 |
| [relevant principles in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy]. | a retrospective survey of the prevalence of torch infections among pregnant women was performed in the perinatal center, m. a. tverye military sanitary unit nine (perm), in june 2010 to december 2013. the survey covered 2060 women: they were all examined for cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and toxoplasma. antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were detected in 28.68% (591/2060); 98.62% were found to have antibodies to herpes simplex; antibodies to cytomegalovirus were identified in 87.13% (1795/ ... | 2016 | 26720963 |
| [expected consequences of targeted human behavior modulation upon exposure to toxoplasma gondii]. | the paper shows that there are more seropositive people in a group of those who have experienced road accidents (ra) and who are responsible for the latter than in a control group. the investigations have indicated that chronic toxoplasmosis may be regarded as a potential increased risk factor of ra. | 2016 | 26720962 |
| voltammetric detection of sequence-selective dna hybridization related to toxoplasma gondii in pcr amplicons. | this work describes the single-use electrochemical dna biosensor technology developed for voltammetric detection of sequence selective dna hybridization related to important human and veterinary pathogen; toxoplasma gondii. in the principle of electrochemical label-free detection assay, the duplex of dna hybrid formation was detected by measuring guanine oxidation signal occured in the presence of dna hybridization. the biosensor design consisted of the immobilization of an inosine-modified (gua ... | 2016 | 26717837 |
| mental health and latent toxoplasmosis: comparison of individuals with and without anti-toxoplasma antibodies. | there is evidence to suggest that the protozoan toxoplasma gondii affects the mental health of people who are infected with it. the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between t. gondii and mental health. | 2016 | 28332976 |
| reactivation of ocular toxoplasmosis in non-hispanic persons, misiones province, argentina. | 2016 | 27089308 | |
| acute myocarditis in an immunocompetent young man: don't forget toxoplasma gondii. | 2016 | 27085128 | |
| co-administration of interleukins 7 and 15 with dna vaccine improves protective immunity against toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite, which can infect all warm-blooded animals including humans. cytokines, including il-15 and il-7, play a critical role in the regulation of the homeostasis of naive and memory t cells. co-administration the dna vaccine with cytokines may improve its efficacy. il-7 and il-15 from splenic tissues of kunming mice were cloned, and eukaryotic plasmid pvax-il-7-il-15 was constructed. kunming mice were administrated with dna vaccine expressing t ... | 2016 | 26706605 |
| the rop18 and rop5 gene allele types are highly predictive of virulence in mice across globally distributed strains of toxoplasma gondii. | the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful known eukaryotic pathogens on earth. virulence of t. gondii strains varies greatly in mice, and mounting evidence suggests that such variations may be relevant to the manifestation of human toxoplasmosis. polymorphic rhoptry-secreted kinases and pseudokinases (rop) have been demonstrated to account for murine virulence among the archetypal clonal parasite lineages that dominate the populations of north america and europe. how ... | 2016 | 26699401 |
| review on the identification and role of toxoplasma gondii antigenic epitopes. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite with a broad range of hosts, and it causes severe toxoplasmasis in both humans and animals. it is well known that the progression and severity of a disease depend on the immunological status of the host. immunological studies on antigens indicate that antigens do not exert their functions through the entire protein molecule, but instead, specific epitopes are responsible for the immune response. protein antigens not only contain e ... | 2016 | 26581372 |
| transcriptomic analysis of porcine pbmcs infected with toxoplasma gondii rh strain. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular protozoan that can infect virtually all warm-blooded animals. humans can be infected through the consumption of undercooked meat of farm animals. however, there are few reports on pathogenic mechanism and immune regulation during the interaction between t. gondii and domesticated animals. rna extracted from pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) infected with t. gondii rh strain at different time points (0 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h) were rever ... | 2016 | 26603214 |
| analysis of mirna expression profiling in mouse spleen affected by acute toxoplasma gondii infection. | toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide prevalent pathogen that infects most of the warm-blood vertebrates. to investigate the regulation network of splenic mirnas altered by acute infection with t. gondii, we herein investigated the changes of mirna profile in mouse spleen via next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. a total of 379 mirnas was identified, 131 mirnas of them were differentially expressed (including 97 upregulated and 34 downregulated mirnas). 48 differentially expressed m ... | 2016 | 26569573 |
| phosphorylation of αsnap is required for secretory organelle biogenesis in toxoplasma gondii. | upon infection, apicomplexan parasites quickly invade host cells and begin a replicative cycle rapidly increasing in number over a short period of time, leading to tissue lysis and disease. the secretory pathway of these highly polarized protozoan parasites tightly controls, in time and space, the biogenesis of specialized structures and organelles required for invasion and intracellular survival. in other systems, regulation of protein trafficking can occur by phosphorylation of vesicle fusion ... | 2016 | 26566590 |
| induction of depression-related behaviors by reactivation of chronic toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. | although toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) infection is relevant to many psychiatric disorders, the fundamental mechanisms of its neurobiological correlation with depression are poorly understood. here, we show that reactivation of chronic infection by an immunosuppressive regimen caused induction of depressive-like behaviors without obvious sickness symptoms. however, the depression-related behaviors in t. gondii-infected mice, specifically, reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility in th ... | 2016 | 26554725 |
| zebra mussel as a new tool to show evidence of freshwater contamination by waterborne toxoplasma gondii. | the objective of this study was to evaluate if freshwater bivalves can be used to detect the presence of toxoplasma gondii in water bodies. | 2016 | 26551548 |
| increased expressions of adamts-13 and apoptosis contribute to neuropathology during toxoplasma gondii encephalitis in mice. | toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) is a protozoan parasite with the potential of causing severe encephalitis among immunocompromised humans and animals. our previous study showed that t. gondii induces high nitric oxide (no) production, high glial activation (gfap) and neurofilament expressions, leading to severe neurodegeneration in toxoplasma encephalitis (te) in the central nervous system (cns). the aim of this experimental study was to investigate adamts-13 expression and apoptosis in cns and to ... | 2016 | 26542631 |
| deletion of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 inhibits development and growth of toxoplasma gondii. | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) regulate key signaling events in a variety of eukaryotic cells. toxoplasma gondii, the causative agents of toxoplasmosis, possesses a p38α mapk homologue, mapk1, which is an important manipulator of host immunity and virulence in mice. in this work, we showed an increased transcript level of mapk1 in t. gondii during bradyzoite differentiation induced by alkaline treatment and heat shock in vitro, suggesting that mapk1 may be associated with bradyzoite d ... | 2016 | 26526952 |
| unmethylated cpg motifs in toxoplasma gondii dna induce tlr9- and ifn-β-dependent expression of α-defensin-5 in intestinal epithelial cells. | the gut epithelial barrier is a strategic place to prevent, or at least to limit, parasite dissemination upon oral infection with toxoplasma gondii. innate immunity to this pathogen results from delicate interactions involving different components of the infecting agent and the host. we herein aimed to examine the molecular mechanism by which protozoan dna boosts the production of α-defensin-5 (defa-5), the main antimicrobial peptide at the target site of infection. the present study shows that ... | 2016 | 26522645 |
| metabolic cooperation of glucose and glutamine is essential for the lytic cycle of obligate intracellular parasite toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan parasite infecting nearly all warm-blooded organisms. asexual reproduction of the parasite within its host cells is achieved by consecutive lytic cycles, which necessitates biogenesis of significant energy and biomass. here we show that glucose and glutamine are the two major physiologically important nutrients used for the synthesis of macromolecules (atp, nucleic acid, proteins, and lipids) in t. gondii, and either of them is sufficient to ensure the ... | 2016 | 26518878 |
| transcriptomic analysis of global changes in cytokine expression in mouse spleens following acute toxoplasma gondii infection. | toxoplasma gondii is a global pathogen that infects a wide range of animals and humans. during t. gondii infection, the spleen plays an important role in coordinating the adaptive and innate immune responses. however, there is little information regarding the changes in global gene expression within the spleen following t. gondii infection. to address this gap in knowledge, we examined the transcriptome of the mouse spleen following t. gondii infection. we observed differential expression of 231 ... | 2016 | 26508008 |
| partial protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice elicited by recombinant toxoplasma gondii malate dehydrogenase. | toxoplasma gondii can infect humans and wildlife, sometimes causing serious clinical presentations. currently, no viable vaccine or effective drug strategies exist to prevent and control toxoplasmosis. t. gondii malate dehydrogenase (tgmdh) is a crucial enzyme in cellular redox reactions and has been shown to be an immunogenic compound that could be a potential vaccine candidate. here, we investigate the protective efficacy of recombinant tgmdh (rtgmdh) against t. gondii infection in balb/c mice ... | 2016 | 26514423 |
| evaluation of the basic functions of six calcium-dependent protein kinases in toxoplasma gondii using crispr-cas9 system. | toxoplasma gondii, an important protozoan parasite, infects almost all warm-blooded animals and humans. although treatments in t. gondii are limited by the lack of effective drugs, some calcium-dependent kinases were demonstrated as the promising drug targets to chemotherapy against t. gondii due to their essential roles in t. gondii and absence from their hosts. the objectives of the present study were to investigate the functions of six calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpk4, cdpk4a, cdpk5, ... | 2016 | 26499803 |
| seroprevalence, isolation, first genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii, and possible congenital transmission in wild moose from minnesota, usa. | toxoplasma gondii infections are widespread in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) but little is known of its prevalence in other cervids in the usa. moose (alces alces) is a popular large game animal, hunted for its meat and trophy antlers. here, we report seroprevalence, isolation, and genetic characterization of t. gondii from moose from minnesota. antibodies against t. gondii were detected in 8 of 79 (10%) moose tested by the modified agglutination test (mat 1:25 or higher). the myoca ... | 2016 | 26472716 |
| apicomplexan energy metabolism: carbon source promiscuity and the quiescence hyperbole. | the nature of energy metabolism in apicomplexan parasites has been closely investigated in the recent years. studies in plasmodium spp. and toxoplasma gondii in particular have revealed that these parasites are able to employ enzymes in non-traditional ways, while utilizing multiple anaplerotic routes into a canonical tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle to satisfy their energy requirements. importantly, some life stages of these parasites previously considered to be metabolically quiescent are, in fa ... | 2016 | 26472327 |
| roth spots in ocular toxoplasmosis. | to report a case with unilateral preexisting ocular toxoplasmosis (ot) and newly occurred active retinochoroidal inflammation associated with white-centered retinal hemorrhages (roth spots) in the healthy eye. | 2016 | 26472315 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection promotes neuroinflammation through cytokine networks and induced hyperalgesia in balb/c mice. | we hypothesized that in toxoplasma gondii infection, communication among immune cells promotes neuroinflammation through cytokine networks and induces pain sensitivity under conditions of neuropathic pain. the animal model of toxoplasma infection was established by the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from tehran strain of t. gondii to balb/c mice. amitriptyline (20 mg/kg, i.p., 1/day) administrated to animals for 7 days before behavioral tests. pain behavioral tests including t ... | 2016 | 26490968 |
| survey for toxoplasma gondii by pcr detection in meat for human consumption in colombia. | the overall risk for toxoplasmosis in meat produced in colombia is unknown. we analyzed by pcr assay meat samples for human consumption in two types of plants in colombia: 120 samples from class i plants (60 samples from chicken, 30 from swine and 30 from beef) and 60 from class ii plants (30 samples from beef and 30 from swine). presence of toxoplasma dna was established by targeted b1 nested pcr assay. we detected 79 (43%) samples that were positive by b1 nested pcr (33 from chicken, 22 from b ... | 2016 | 26481490 |
| serological diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection: recommendations from the french national reference center for toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasmosis manifests no clinical signs in 80% of cases in immunocompetent patient, causing immunization characterized by the persistence of cysts, particularly in brain, muscles, and retina. assessing the serological status, based on testing for serum toxoplasma igg and igm antibodies, is essential in cases that are increasingly at risk for the more severe disease forms, such as congenital or ocular toxoplasmosis. this disease also exposes immunosuppressed patients to reactivation, which can ... | 2016 | 26458281 |
| effect of nigella sativa oil on experimental toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by toxoplasma gondii protozoon. it is most commonly treated by pyrimethamine (pyr); however, this was intolerable by many patients. the aim of this study was to assess therapeutic effects of nigella sativa oil (nso) alone and combined with pyrimethamine (pyr) compared to a previous combination of clindamycin (cln) and (pyr). one hundred albino mice were used in the current study and were equally divided into five groups: normal (i), infected untreate ... | 2016 | 26446086 |
| infection and characterization of toxoplasma gondii in human induced neurons from patients with brain disorders and healthy controls. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of establishing persistent infection within the brain. serological studies in humans have linked exposure to toxoplasma to neuropsychiatric disorders. however, serological studies have not elucidated the related molecular mechanisms within neuronal cells. to address this question, we used human induced neuronal cells derived from peripheral fibroblasts of healthy individuals and patients with genetically-defined brain disorders (i.e. childhood-on ... | 2016 | 26432947 |
| development of dual fluorescent stage specific reporter strain of toxoplasma gondii to follow tachyzoite and bradyzoite development in vitro and in vivo. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that infects 30% of humans as intermediate hosts. t sexual reproduction can occur only within the intestinal tract of felines, however, infection in other mammals and birds is associated with asexual replication and interconversion between the tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages. bradyzoites are slow growing forms found in tissue cysts in latent infection. recently, our group described the biological behavior of the egs strain that forms thick walled cysts spontaneo ... | 2016 | 26432517 |
| frequency of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in bovines in the state of pernambuco, brazil. | toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by toxoplasma gondii that affects homeothermic animals, including humans. felines are considered the definitive host of this parasite, while other animals act as intermediate hosts. the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of anti-t. gondii igg antibodies in bovines in the state of pernambuco, brazil. serum samples (n = 427) from animals in 13 municipalities of the coastal forest/plantation region of the state were analyzed using the immun ... | 2016 | 25271467 |
| autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and the microbiome in schizophrenia: more than a gut feeling. | autoimmunity, gastrointestinal (gi) disorders and schizophrenia have been associated with one another for a long time. this paper reviews these connections and provides a context by which multiple risk factors for schizophrenia may be related. epidemiological studies strongly link schizophrenia with autoimmune disorders including enteropathic celiac disease. exposure to wheat gluten and bovine milk casein also contribute to non-celiac food sensitivities in susceptible individuals. co-morbid gi i ... | 2016 | 25034760 |
| [integrated screening for hiv, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the central african republic]. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis and toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women in the central african republic who were and were not hiv-infected, in the framework of hiv surveillance. | 2016 | 24334440 |
| garcinol inhibits gcn5-mediated lysine acetyltransferase activity and prevents replication of the parasite toxoplasma gondii. | lysine acetylation is a critical posttranslational modification that influences protein activity, stability, and binding properties. the acetylation of histone proteins in particular is a well-characterized feature of gene expression regulation. in the protozoan parasitetoxoplasma gondii, a number of lysine acetyltransferases (kats) contribute to gene expression and are essential for parasite viability. the natural product garcinol was recently reported to inhibit enzymatic activities of gcn5 an ... | 2016 | 26810649 |
| toxoplasmosis in geese and detection of two new atypical toxoplasma gondii strains from naturally infected canada geese (branta canadensis). | wild birds are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis because they can serve as reservoir hosts, and vectors of zoonotic pathogens including toxoplasma gondii. canada goose (branta canadensis) is the most widespread geese in north america. little is known concerning t. gondii infection in both migratory, and local resident populations of canada geese. here, we evaluated the seroprevalence, isolation, and genetic characterization of viable t. gondii isolates from a migratory population of ... | 2016 | 26796021 |
| development of ostrich thrombocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in culture and the control of toxoplasma gondii reproduction after macrophage activation. | raising ostriches became an important economic activity after their products became commodities. the health of farm animals is of paramount importance, so assessing basic immunological responses is necessary to better understand health problems. we developed a method to obtain ostrich thrombocytes and macrophages. the thrombocytes died by apoptosis after 48 h in culture, and the macrophages expanded in size and increased the number of acidic compartments. macrophages were activated by chicken in ... | 2016 | 26794839 |
| risk factors related to toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in indoor-housed dutch dairy goats. | toxoplasma gondii can cause disease in goats, but also has impact on human health through food-borne transmission. our aims were to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in indoor-housed dutch dairy goats and to identify the risk factors related to t. gondii seroprevalence. fifty-two out of ninety approached farmers with indoor-kept goats (58%) participated by answering a standardized questionnaire and contributing 32 goat blood samples each. serum samples were tested for t. gondii ... | 2016 | 26791753 |
| world health organization estimates of the relative contributions of food to the burden of disease due to selected foodborne hazards: a structured expert elicitation. | the foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group (ferg) was established in 2007 by the world health organization (who) to estimate the global burden of foodborne diseases (fbds). this estimation is complicated because most of the hazards causing fbd are not transmitted solely by food; most have several potential exposure routes consisting of transmission from animals, by humans, and via environmental routes including water. this paper describes an expert elicitation study conducted by t ... | 2016 | 26784029 |
| infection of male rats with toxoplasma gondii induces effort-aversion in a t-maze decision-making task. | rats chronically infected with protozoan toxoplasma gondii exhibit greater delay aversion in an inter-temporal task. moreover t. gondii infection also results in dendritic atrophy of basolateral amygdala neurons. basolateral amygdala is reported to bias decision making towards greater effortful alternatives. in this context, we report that t. gondii increases effort aversion in infected male rats. this host-parasite association has been widely studied in the context of loss of innate fear in the ... | 2016 | 26783701 |
| approaches for designing new potent inhibitors of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. | farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (fpps) catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate with dimethylallyl diphosphate to give rise to one molecule of geranyl diphosphate, which on a further reaction with another molecule of isopentenyl diphosphate forms the 15-carbon isoprenoid farnesyl diphosphate. this molecule is the obliged precursor for the biosynthesis of sterols, ubiquinones, dolichols, heme a, and prenylated proteins. the blockade of fpps prevents the synthesis of farnesyl diphosph ... | 2016 | 26781029 |
| role of vertical transmission of toxoplasma gondii in prevalence of infection. | the parasite, toxoplasma gondii, is a highly successful pathogen that infects around 30% of the global human population. additionally, it is able to infect all warm blooded animals with high prevalence. this is surprising as it is a parasite of the cat and can only complete its full sexual cycle in that host. this review examines the important key routes of transmission: infective oocysts from the cat, ingestion of raw infected tissue and vertical transmission. the latter route of transmission h ... | 2016 | 26807498 |
| removal of extracellular toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites from suspended cell culture. | tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, actively invade a broad spectrum of cell types. t. gondii infects leukocytes and spreads to distant organs such as the brain, lungs and muscles. however, the mechanism of t. gondii transmission from infected leukocytes to peripheral organs is unknown. to show the dynamics of infected leukocytes and intracellular parasites in vivo, previous studies have prepared t. gondii-infected leukocytes and injected them into circulation i ... | 2016 | 26806654 |
| presentation and rehabilitation in a patient with toxoplasmosis encephalitis: a case study and review. | toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic infection that often presents in the setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the infection can cause severe and potentially fatal encephalitis because of the reactivation of latent infections in the setting of immune suppression. diagnosing toxoplasmosis encephalitis (te) in immunocompromised patients often is difficult because the signs and symptoms can be nonspecific, but making a diagnosis of te is even more challenging in a patient who is not know ... | 2016 | 26805910 |
| immunodiagnosis and molecular validation of toxoplasma gondii-recombinant dense granular (gra) 7 protein for the detection of toxoplasmosis in patients with cancer. | serological assays for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis mostly rely on the tachyzoite specific antigens of toxoplasma gondii, which are difficult to produce by conventional methods. the aim of this study was to clone and express of gra7 protein of t. gondii and evaluate its potential for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cancer patients. as well as validate the results using a new molecular assay, lamp technique. the gra7 gene was successfully cloned, expressed and purified by affinity chromatog ... | 2016 | 26805618 |
| evaluation of immune responses induced by rhoptry protein 5 and rhoptry protein 7 dna vaccines against toxoplasma gondii. | infection with the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is widespread, and the organism can cause congenital infections in humans. the horizontal transmission of toxoplasma is even more common than congenital. an effective vaccine strategy brings the prospect of improving toxoplasma disease control. rhoptry protein 5 (rop5) and rop7 are potential stimulators of humoral and cellular immune responses. in this study, we constructed a multi-antigenic dna vaccine expressing rop5 and rop7 of t. gondii ... | 2016 | 26802673 |
| the utility of diversity profiling using illumina 18s rrna gene amplicon deep sequencing to detect and discriminate toxoplasma gondii among the cyst-forming coccidia. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) has the capacity to screen a single dna sample and detect pathogen dna from thousands of host dna sequence reads, making it a versatile and informative tool for investigation of pathogens in diseased animals. the technique is effective and labor saving in the initial identification of pathogens, and will complement conventional diagnostic tests to associate the candidate pathogen with a disease process. in this report, we investigated the utility of the diversity ... | 2016 | 26801593 |
| dna vaccination with a gene encoding toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 17 induces partial protective immunity against lethal challenge in mice. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that affects humans and various vertebrate livestock and causes serious economic losses. to develop an effective vaccine against t. gondii infection, we constructed a dna vaccine encoding the t. gondii rhoptry protein 17 (tgrop17) and evaluated its immune protective efficacy against acute t. gondii infection in mice. the dna vaccine (p3×flag-cmv-14-rop17) was intramuscularly injected to balb/c mice and the immune responses of t ... | 2016 | 26842927 |
| in vitro activity of sorghum bicolor extracts, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, against toxoplasma gondii. | we investigated dried red leaf extracts of sorghum bicolor for activity against toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. s. bicolor red leaf extracts were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation using ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. analysis of the crude and fractionated extracts from s. bicolor using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) showed that they contained significant amounts of apigeninidin, luteolinidin, 7-methoxyapigeninidin, 5-methoxyapigeninidin, 5-methoxyluteolinidin, ... | 2016 | 26855040 |
| a systematic meta-analysis of toxoplasma gondii prevalence in food animals in the united states. | toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed protozoan parasite. the centers for disease control and prevention reported that t. gondii is one of three pathogens (along with salmonella and listeria), that together account for >70% of all deaths due to foodborne illness in the united states. food animals are reservoirs for t. gondii and act as one of the sources for parasite transmission to humans. based on limited population-based data, the food and agriculture organization/world health organizatio ... | 2016 | 26854596 |
| influence of toxoplasma gondii on in vitro proliferation and apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma h7402 cell. | to discuss the influence of tachyzoite of toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) rh strain on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma (hcc) h7402 cell. | 2016 | 26851789 |
| gliding associated proteins play essential roles during the formation of the inner membrane complex of toxoplasma gondii. | the inner membrane complex (imc) of apicomplexan parasites is a specialised structure localised beneath the parasite's plasma membrane, and is important for parasite stability and intracellular replication. furthermore, it serves as an anchor for the myosin a motor complex, termed the glideosome. while the role of this protein complex in parasite motility and host cell invasion has been well described, additional roles during the asexual life cycle are unknown. here, we demonstrate that core ele ... | 2016 | 26845335 |
| a novel secreted protein, myr1, is central to toxoplasma's manipulation of host cells. | the intracellular protozoan toxoplasma gondii dramatically reprograms the transcriptome of host cells it infects, including substantially up-regulating the host oncogene c-myc. by applying a flow cytometry-based selection to infected mouse cells expressing green fluorescent protein fused to c-myc (c-myc-gfp), we isolated mutant tachyzoites defective in this host c-myc up-regulation. whole-genome sequencing of three such mutants led to the identification of myr1 (myc regulation 1; tggt1_254470) a ... | 2016 | 26838724 |
| toxoplasma gondii arginine methyltransferase 1 (prmt1) is necessary for centrosome dynamics during tachyzoite cell division. | the arginine methyltransferase family (prmt) has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including signal transduction, epigenetic regulation, and dna repair pathways. prmt1 is thought to be responsible for the majority of prmt activity in toxoplasma gondii, but its exact function is unknown. to further define the biological function of the prmt family, we generated t. gondii mutants lacking prmt1 (δprmt1) by deletion of the prmt1 gene. δprmt1 parasites exhibit morphological defects ... | 2016 | 26838719 |
| anti-toxoplasma activity of estragole and thymol in murine models of congenital and noncongenital toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasmosis is caused by toxoplasma gondii , an obligatory intracellular protozoan. normally benign, t. gondii infections can cause devastating disease in immunosuppressed patients and through congenital infection of newborn babies. few prophylactic and therapeutic drugs are available to treat these infections. the goal of the present study was to assess the anti-toxoplasma effects in a congenital and noncongenital model of toxoplasmosis (using me49 strain), besides assessing immunological cha ... | 2016 | 26836848 |
| seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in the korean, manchu, mongol and han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern china. | a cross-sectional study was conducted from june 2013 to august 2015 to determine the seroprevalence and possible risk factors for human toxoplasma gondii infection in korean, manchu, mongol and han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern china. a total of 1842 serum samples, including han (n = 802), korean (n = 520), manchu (n = 303) and mongol (n = 217) groups, were analysed using enzyme-linked immunoassays to detect igg and igm t. gondii antibodies. the overall t. gondii igg and igm seroprev ... | 2016 | 26833424 |
| identification of new palmitoylated proteins in toxoplasma gondii. | protein palmitoylation has been shown to be an important post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells. this modification alters the localization and/or the function of the targeted protein. in recent years, protein palmitoylation has risen in importance in apicomplexan parasites as well. in toxoplasma gondii, some proteins have been reported to be modified by palmitate. with the development of new techniques that allow the isolation of palmitoylated proteins, this significant post-transla ... | 2016 | 26825284 |
| antibody detection and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii from bobcats (lynx rufus), domestic cats (felis catus), and wildlife from minnesota, usa. | little is known of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in minnesota. here, we evaluated toxoplasma gondii infection in 50 wild bobcats (lynx rufus) and 75 other animals on/near 10 cattle farms. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed in serum samples or tissue fluids by the modified agglutination test (mat, cut-off 1:25). twenty nine of 50 bobcats and 15 of 41 wildlife trapped on the vicinity of 10 farms and nine of 16 adult domestic cats (felis catus) and six of 14 domestic dogs resident on farms we ... | 2016 | 26824935 |
| protective efficacy of pvax-ron5p against acute and chronic infections of toxoplasma gondii in balb/c mice. | toxoplasma gondii can infect all the warm-blooded animals and humans and causes serious diseases especially in immuno-compromised patients and pregnant women. rhoptry neck proteins (rons) play an important role in the formation of moving junction, which mediates the invasion of this parasite. a recombinant plasmid pvax-ron5p, which can express part of ron5 protein in the eukaryocyte, was generated and used to immune balb/c mice for evaluating the protective efficacy against the acute and chronic ... | 2016 | 26821295 |
| guanylate binding proteins directly attack toxoplasma gondii via supramolecular complexes. | gbps are essential for immunity against intracellular pathogens, especially for toxoplasma gondii control. here, the molecular interactions of murine gbps (mgbp1/2/3/5/6), homo- and hetero-multimerization properties of mgbp2 and its function in parasite killing were investigated by mutational, multiparameter fluorescence image spectroscopy, and live cell microscopy methodologies. control of t. gondii replication by mgbp2 requires gtp hydrolysis and isoprenylation thus, enabling reversible oligom ... | 2016 | 26814575 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection in seagull chicks is related to the consumption of freshwater food resources. | understanding the spread of toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) in wild birds, particularly in those with opportunistic feeding behavior, is of interest for elucidating the epidemiological involvement of these birds in the maintenance and dissemination of the parasite. overall, from 2009 to 2011, we collected sera from 525 seagull chicks (yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) and audouin's gull (l. audouinii)) from 6 breeding colonies in spain and tested them using the modified agglutination test (ma ... | 2016 | 26974667 |
| a three-dimensional culture system recapitulates placental syncytiotrophoblast development and microbial resistance. | in eutherians, the placenta acts as a barrier and conduit at the maternal-fetal interface. syncytiotrophoblasts, the multinucleated cells that cover the placental villous tree surfaces of the human placenta, are directly bathed in maternal blood and are formed by the fusion of progenitor cytotrophoblasts that underlie them. despite their crucial role in fetal protection, many of the events that govern trophoblast fusion and protection from microbial infection are unknown. we describe a three-dim ... | 2016 | 26973875 |
| three-year retrospective analysis of the incidence of toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women living in the greater romagna area (northeastern italy). | the aim of this study was to assess the incidence of toxoplasma gondii infection in a population of pregnant women living in the romagna area of the emilia-romagna region. from 1 january 2012 to 31 december 2014, 36 876 pregnant women were tested to evaluate the igg- and igm-specific anti-t. gondii response. the average incidence was 0.192%, underlining the need for an appropriate and active screening for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. | 2016 | 26970048 |
| genotyping of toxoplasma gondii: dna extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from aids patients who died by severe disseminated toxoplasmosis. | this study investigated the genetic features of toxoplasma gondii isolated directly in autopsies of hiv-infected patients who died with severe disseminated toxoplasmosis. this retrospective analysis was conducted in a cohort of 15 hiv-infected patients with clinical and laboratory data. they had previous cerebral toxoplasmosis at least 6 months before the disseminated toxoplasmosis episode. the hypothesis was that they were infected with highly virulent parasites due to the condition in which th ... | 2016 | 26969767 |
| anti-nmda receptor autoantibodies and associated neurobehavioral pathology in mice are dependent on age of first exposure to toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is a pathogen implicated in psychiatric disorders. as elevated antibodies to t. gondii are also present in non-symptomatic individuals, we hypothesized that the age during first exposure to the pathogen may affect symptom manifestation. we tested this hypothesis by evaluating neurobehavioral abnormalities and the immune response in mice following adolescent or adult t. gondii infection. | 2016 | 26969530 |
| toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens in an area with human toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. | the aim of this study was to detect, isolate and genetically characterize toxoplasma gondii from tissues obtained from free range chickens which were breed in farms from patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in misiones, argentina. thirty three samples of head (refrigerated = 18 and frozen = 15) from free range chickens were processed. refrigerated (n = 18) chicken central nervous systems (cns) were bioassay in mice. dna was obtained from all samples (n = 33) and pcr was performed using to ... | 2016 | 26968777 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in rural and urban communities from los rios region, chile. | toxoplasmosis is a prevalent protozoan infection with a complex lifecycle and wide profile of risk factors. the impact of congenital infection is well documented; however, there is increasing evidence of a much broader range of potential health outcomes and the need to improve our understanding of the transmission patterns and infection sources in the overall population. this study examined the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in distinct community types from a highly endemic area of chile. | 2016 | 26968154 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence and two new genotypes of the parasite in endangered hawaiian geese (nene: branta sandvicensis). | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite transmitted by domestic cats ( felis catus ) that has historically caused mortality in native hawaiian birds. to estimate how widespread exposure to the parasite is in nene (hawaiian geese, branta sandvicensis), we did a serologic survey for t. gondii antibody and genetically characterized parasite dna from the tissues of dead birds that had confirmed infections by immunohistochemistry. of 94 geese sampled, prevalence on the island of kauai, maui, and mo ... | 2016 | 26967138 |
| role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of toxoplasma gondii infection. | oxidative stress (os) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases. we have previously shown that toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) induces high nitric oxide (no) production, glial activation, and apoptosis that altogether cause severe neuropathology in toxoplasma encephalitis (te). the objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of os and to identify a correlation between the causes of t. gondii induced neuropathology. expression levels of glu ... | 2016 | 26966143 |
| impact of environmental factors on the emergence, transmission and distribution of toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that poses a great threat to human health and economic well-being worldwide. the effects of environmental factors such as changing climate and human activities on the ecology of this protozoan are being discovered. accumulated evidence shows that changes of these environmental factors can exert influence on the occurrence, transmission and distribution of t. gondii. this article reviews studies from different geographical regions with vary ... | 2016 | 26965989 |
| phosphatidic acid-mediated signaling regulates microneme secretion in toxoplasma. | the obligate intracellular lifestyle of apicomplexan parasites necessitates an invasive phase underpinned by timely and spatially controlled secretion of apical organelles termed micronemes. in toxoplasma gondii, extracellular potassium levels and other stimuli trigger a signaling cascade culminating in phosphoinositide-phospholipase c (plc) activation, which generates the second messengers diacylglycerol (dag) and ip3 and ultimately results in microneme secretion. here we show that a delicate b ... | 2016 | 26962945 |
| spread and genotype of toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected alpine chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra). | the complex life cycle of toxoplasma gondii involves many animal species, raising zoonotic, economic, and conservation issues. this complexity is reflected in the molecular structure of t. gondii, whose different genotypes differ in pathogenicity. among the intermediate hosts of t. gondii, wild ungulates may be a source of human infection. despite intense hunting activity and the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, little information is available on the spread of t. gondii and the distributi ... | 2016 | 26960960 |
| dextran sulfate inhibits acute toxoplama gondii infection in pigs. | toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent protozoan that can infect all warm-blooded animals, including humans. its definitive hosts are felidae and its intermediate hosts include various other mammals and birds, including pigs. it is found in the meat of livestock which is a major source of human infection. hence the control of toxoplasmosis in pigs is important for public health. we previously showed that dextran sulfate (ds), especially ds10 (dextran sulfate mw 10 kda), is effective against t. ... | 2016 | 26956033 |
| serial dissection of parasite gene families. | calcium ion signaling regulates central aspects of the biology controlling stage and life cycle transitions of apicomplexan parasites. in the current issue of infection and immunity, long and coworkers (s. long, q. wang, and l. d. sibley, infect immun 84:1262-1273, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01173-15) describe a powerful genetic system enabling reliable serial genetic dissection of a large gene family encoding novel calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) that provides new insights in ... | 2016 | 26953326 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in the iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | toxoplasmosis is a common and serious parasitic disease with high prevalence and global distribution in human and other warm-blooded vertebrates. though the infection of toxoplasma gondii is usually asymptomatic in healthy people, it can lead to severe pathological effects to the fetus of infected women and immunocompromised patients. so pinpointing the risk factors and control procedures are of important works among these populations. in order to reach this goal, we conducted a systematic revie ... | 2016 | 26952970 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection among hiv/aids patients in eastern china. | toxoplasmosis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii, occurs throughout the world. human t. gondii infection is asymptomatic in 80% of the population; however, the infection is life-threatening and causes substantial neurologic damage in immunocompromised patients such as hiv-infected persons. the major purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in subjects infected with hiv/aids in eastern china. our findings show ... | 2016 | 26951986 |
| afatinib reduces stat6 signaling of host arpe-19 cells infected with toxoplasma gondii. | specific gene expressions of host cells by spontaneous stat6 phosphorylation are major strategy for the survival of intracellular toxoplasma gondii against parasiticidal events through stat1 phosphorylation by infection provoked ifn-γ. we determined the effects of small molecules of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) on the growth of t. gondii and on the relationship with stat1 and stat6 phosphorylation in arpe-19 cells. we counted the number of t. gondii rh tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuol ... | 2016 | 26951976 |
| a novel polyclonal antiserum against toxoplasma gondii sodium hydrogen exchanger 1. | the sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (nhe1), which functions in maintaining the ratio of na(+) and h(+) ions, is widely distributed in cell plasma membranes. it plays a prominent role in ph balancing, cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. however, its exact subcellular location and biological functions in toxoplasma gondii are largely unclear. in this study, we cloned the c-terminal sequence of t. gondii nhe1 (tgnhe1) incorporating the c-terminal peptide of nhe1 (c-nhe1) into ... | 2016 | 26951975 |
| isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii strains in ovine aborted fetuses in khorasan razavi province, iran. | toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease that can cause abortion in humans and animals. the aim of this study was isolation and subsequent genotyping of toxoplasma gondii isolates in ovine aborted fetuses. during 2012-2013, 39 ovine aborted fetuses were collected from sheep flocks in khorasan razavi province, iran. the brain samples were screened for detection of the parasite dna by nested pcr. the positive brain samples were bioassayed in webster swiss mice. the serum samples of mice were ... | 2016 | 26951974 |
| identification of novel o-linked glycosylated toxoplasma proteins by vicia villosa lectin chromatography. | toxoplasma gondii maintains its intracellular life cycle using an extraordinary arsenal of parasite-specific organelles including the inner membrane complex (imc), rhoptries, micronemes, and dense granules. while these unique compartments play critical roles in pathogenesis, many of their protein constituents have yet to be identified. we exploited the vicia villosa lectin (vvl) to identify new glycosylated proteins that are present in these organelles. purification of vvl-binding proteins by le ... | 2016 | 26950937 |
| prenatal and early postnatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in a setting with no systematic screening in pregnancy. | to determine the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis (ct) and provide early (pre- or postnatal) identification of cases of ct in the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy.i n the presented cross-sectional study, serological criteria were used to date toxoplasma gondii infection versus conception in 80 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities or referred to as suspected of acute infection, and in 16 women after delivery of symptomatic neonates. a combination of serological, molecular (qpcr), a ... | 2016 | 26945416 |
| prevalence, incidence estimations, and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in germany: a representative, cross-sectional, serological study. | representative data on the extent of endemicity, burden, and risk of human toxoplasmosis are scarce. we assessed the prevalence and determinants of seropositivity of toxoplasma gondii among adult participants of a nationwide representative cross-sectional survey in germany. sera collected from a representative cohort of adults (age 18-79; n = 6,663) in germany were tested for anti-t. gondii igg antibodies. interview-derived data were used to evaluate associated factors. multivariable logistic re ... | 2016 | 26936108 |
| the antigen-specific response to toxoplasma gondii profilin, a tlr11/12 ligand, depends on its intrinsic adjuvant properties. | agonists that activate toll-like receptors (tlr) are potential vaccine adjuvants. in particular, toxoplasma gondii profilin (tgprf) is recognized by tlr11/12 to generate an inflammatory response. unlike most tlr ligands, tgprf is also a protein and can therefore simultaneously induce innate and adaptive immune responses. we found that variations in the conformation of tgprf can affect its ability to induce a tlr11/12-dependent inflammatory response. the secreted recombinant t. gondii (s2-profili ... | 2016 | 26935827 |
| the immunity-related gtpase irga6 dimerizes in a parallel head-to-head fashion. | the immunity-related gtpases (irgs) constitute a powerful cell-autonomous resistance system against several intracellular pathogens. irga6 is a dynamin-like protein that oligomerizes at the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm) of toxoplasma gondii leading to its vesiculation. based on a previous biochemical analysis, it has been proposed that the gtpase domains of irga6 dimerize in an antiparallel fashion during oligomerization. | 2016 | 26934976 |
| serum albumin stimulates protein kinase g-dependent microneme secretion in toxoplasma gondii. | microneme secretion is essential for motility, invasion, and egress in apicomplexan parasites. although previous studies indicate that ca(2+) and cgmp control microneme secretion, little is known about how these pathways are naturally activated. here we have developed genetically encoded indicators for ca(2+) and microneme secretion to better define the signaling pathways that regulate these processes in toxoplasma gondii we found that microneme secretion was triggered in vitro by exposure to a ... | 2016 | 26933037 |