Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| primary structure and partial characterization of a life-cycle-regulated cysteine protease from trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense. | trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense is an important pathogenic parasite of domestic livestock in africa. we have cloned a cdna encoding a prepro-cysteine protease of this protozoan, the sequence of which indicates it is an early mrna processing intermediate. northern analysis demonstrates a life-cycle-stage specificity similar to previously described enzymatic data. the deduced amino-acid sequence shows extensive similarity to cysteine proteases of other parasitic protozoa, as well as papain and ... | 1995 | 7642126 |
| the kinetics of maturation of trypanosome infections in tsetse. | estimates of the time delay between the infective bloodmeal and maturation (incubation or maturation time) for 4 trypanosome stocks (2 trypanozoon and 2 trypanosoma congolense) show that maturation time in tsetse is not a parasite species-specific constant. the mean incubation time of a trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense stock (eatro 2340 - 18 days) was not significantly different from one t. congolense stock (sikuda88 - 15.5 days) but was significantly greater than another (1/148 fly9 - 12.5 days). ... | 1995 | 7675533 |
| distribution of developmentally regulated trans-sialidases in the kinetoplastida and characterization of a shed trans-sialidase activity from procyclic trypanosoma congolense. | the expression of developmentally regulated sialidase and trans-sialidase activities in kinetoplastid protozoa was investigated. the occurrence of these enzymes was found not to be a common feature among the kinetoplastida, but to be restricted to distinct developmental life cycle stages of only a few species. while sialidases without trans-sialylating activities were demonstrated in trypanosoma vivax and t. rangeli, trans-sialidase activity is expressed throughout the brucei-group and in t. con ... | 1995 | 7676903 |
| comparison of isometamidium chloride and homidium bromide as prophylactic drugs for trypanosomiasis in cattle at nguruman, kenya. | the duration of prophylaxis provided by isometamidium chloride and homidium bromide, each at a dose rate of 1 mg kg-1 bodyweight, was compared in a 12-month field trial involving groups of 30 zebu cattle in south-west kenya. the trial took place between february 1990 and february 1991 and included several months of high trypanosome challenge. cattle in the prophylaxis groups were retreated on a group basis when 10% of the group had become infected since the previous group treatment. on this basi ... | 1995 | 7676909 |
| early stages of infection with trypanosoma congolense: parasite kinetics and expression of metacyclic variable antigen types. | trypanosoma congolense develops in the skin of sheep at the site of inoculation of metacyclic trypanosomes, forming a chancre containing large numbers of parasites. by cannulating the afferent and efferent lymphatic ducts draining the skin and regional lymph node, the progressive development and migration of trypanosomes from the chancre was monitored and the expression of metacyclic antigen types (m-vats) was determined. the kinetics of development of parasitosis in the afferent and efferent ly ... | 1994 | 7709859 |
| in vitro activation and detection of antibody-secreting cells from trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle. | b cells from the peripheral blood and spleen of trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle and from the peripheral blood of an uninfected cohort were analysed for ability to secrete antibody and for expression of surface antigens before and after in vitro culture with interleukin-2, lipopolysaccharide and pokeweed mitogen. antibody-secreting cells (asc) were only detected in lymphocytes from peripheral blood after in vitro stimulation. the frequency of asc was greater in cultures of lymphocytes from ... | 1994 | 7536707 |
| identification of trypanosomes in animals, humans and glossina. | a number of biochemical methods are now available for the identification of african trypanosomes. the method of choice depends on the number of trypanosomes present in the sample and the taxonomic level required. dna probes based on repetitive dna elements allow identification to subgeneric (e.g. trypanozoon), species (e.g. trypanosoma congolense, t. simiae) or subspecific (e.g. t. congolense savannah) levels. these probes are particularly useful for identification of trypanosomes in the fly mid ... | 1994 | 7496192 |
| experimental trypanosoma congolense infection on naturally occurring ticks in n'dama and gobra zebu cattle. | the effects of experimental trypanosoma congolense infection in gambian n'dama and gobra zebu cattle on number of naturally-occurring adult ticks attaching were studied. an indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed to detect serological prevalence of cowdria ruminantium antibody. the intravenously imposed trypanosome infection did not result in significant (p > 0.05) differences in amblyomma variegatum and hyalomma spp. infestations between control and infected n'dama cattle. control n'da ... | 1994 | 7638002 |
| antitrypanosomal activity of phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines. | phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines and -pyrimidines exhibit potent activity against a broad spectrum of dna viruses. we evaluated some of these nucleotide analogues for antitrypanosomal activity in vitro and in mice. the most active compounds were (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine (hpmpa) and (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (hpmpdap), which inhibited growth of trypanosoma brucei brucei by 50% (ec50 value) when incubated in vitro for 24 hr with 0.23-5.69 ... | 1994 | 7799144 |
| involvement of gamma delta t cells in immunity to trypanosomiasis. | in this study the involvement of peripheral gamma delta t cells, prepared by flow cytometry, in the immune response of cattle to primary infection with trypanosoma congolense was assessed. negligible in vitro proliferative responses were observed in gamma delta t cells isolated from trypanosusceptible boran (bos indicus) cattle at all stages examined post-infection when stimulated in vitro with parasite antigens. in contrast, both cd8+ t cells and gamma delta t cells from trypanotolerant n'dama ... | 1994 | 7821972 |
| the interaction of trypanosoma congolense with endothelial cells. | factors which affect adhesion of cultured trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms to mammalian feeder cells have been examined. using an in vitro binding assay, the initial events following interaction of trypanosomes with bovine aorta endothelial (bae) cells were monitored by both light- and electron microscopy. metabolic inhibitors and other biochemicals were incubated with either cells or parasites, to test whether any inhibited the process. our findings suggest that adhesion of the parasite ... | 1994 | 7831098 |
| developmental regulation of rna editing and polyadenylation in four life cycle stages of trypanosoma congolense. | the accumulation of many edited mrnas is developmentally regulated in a transcript-specific fashion in trypanosoma brucei. in addition, these transcripts are frequently present in two size classes which differ substantially in the lengths of their poly(a) tails, and poly(a) tail length is also developmentally regulated. previously, these phenomena have only been studied in the mammalian bloodstream and insect procyclic forms (bf and pf, respectively) of t. brucei. in this paper, we examine devel ... | 1994 | 7739675 |
| pig trypanosomosis: prevalence and significance in the endemic middle belt zone of southern nigeria. | abattoir and field/market surveys of 1,954 crossbred pigs aged 6 to 30 months, for trypanosomosis in the middle belt zone of southern nigeria, revealed a 26.8 infection rate. of those infected, 66.5, 23.9 and 8.2 % were due to mixed, single trypanosoma brucei and t. congolense infections respectively. although 1.5 % of the infections were unidentified, there was no evidence of t simiae. the infection rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) among the abattoir pigs (37.8 %) than among the farm pi ... | 1994 | 7770662 |
| trypanosome infections of the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes in the luangwa valley, zambia. | trypanosome infections of glossina pallidipes were investigated at a site in the luangwa valley, zambia between june 1991 and september 1992. almost 3700 flies were captured, dissected, screened for trypanosome infection, and aged using both wing fray and (for females) ovarian categories. dna probes were used to identify midgut infections. prevalences of mature infections were 6.2% trypanosoma vivax-type and 3.1% t. congolense-type (including low prevalances of t. brucei, t. simiae and another n ... | 1994 | 7772128 |
| patterns of trypanosoma vivax and t. congolense infection differ in young n'dama cattle and their dams. | trypanosome infection was detected by the dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat microscopic technique in n'dama cattle in a high natural tsetse challenge situation in zaire. the data were used to compare the pattern of infection in very young animals and in their dams, and to evaluate how the pattern evolved in calves from birth to maturity, and thereafter in the different age groups represented by their dams. five hundred and fourteen calves were evaluated at 3 week intervals for an average of ... | 1994 | 7879376 |
| quantitative phenotyping of n'dama cattle for aspects of trypanotolerance under field tsetse challenge. | matching animal health and performance data were recorded over the 2 year period from weaning at 10 months of age on 255 n'dama cattle in a high natural tsetse challenge situation in zaire. four parameters that are regarded as possible indicators of trypanotolerance, species of trypanosomes detected, length of time parasitaemic, intensity of parasitaemia (parasitaemia score), and anaemic condition as estimated by packed cell volume (pcv) values, were measured and the relative effects of changes ... | 1994 | 7879377 |
| kinetoplast-associated proteins as potential drug targets and diagnostic markers for trypanosomiasis. | 1994 | 7884235 | |
| comparative chromatin analysis of trypanosoma congolense. | the chromatin of trypanosoma congolense was analyzed by electron microscopy. the chromatin is organized as nucleosome filaments but does not form a 30 nm fiber. there are five groups of histones, including a histone h1-like protein, which as a molecular weight within the range of the core histones, and is extremely hydrophilic. weak histone-histone interaction, a typical feature of trypanosome chromatin, was found. these results are similar to those for t. cruzi and t. b. brucei, but differ sign ... | 1994 | 7885250 |
| response of diminazene-resistant and diminazene-susceptible trypanosoma congolense to treatment with diminazene when occurring as a mixed infection in goats. | a study was carried out to determine whether a drug-resistant trypanosome population could influence the survival of a drug-sensitive population in mixed infections in goats. to identify both populations during the course of a mixed infection, a system for distinguishing them was developed; using a nucleotide sequence of a cdna that was derived from trypanosoma congolense ilnat 3.3 (il 1616), a pair of 20-mer primers was designed which, in a pcr, amplified a 900-bp sequence from the diminazene-s ... | 1994 | 7893173 |
| the structure, organization, and expression of the leishmania donovani gene encoding trypanothione reductase. | trypanothione reductase (tr) is an nadph-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase central to thiol metabolism in the trypanosomatids. we report here the cloning by expression of the leishmania donovani gene. it is single copy, expresses a 2.6-kb transcript and a 52-kda protein and is located on a 1.1-mbp chromosome. the 491 amino acid sequence has 76% similarity to crithidia fasciculata and 67% similarity to trypanosoma cruzi, trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei tr. residues recognising t ... | 1994 | 7935607 |
| trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense and t. vivax infections in horses on a farm in kenya. | equines are particularly susceptible to infection with trypanosoma evansi and t. brucei, but rarely is natural t. congolense and t. vivax infection seen in horses. an outbreak of trypanosomosis occurred in a herd of horses used for patrolling the pineapple fields on the del monte farm, thika, kenya initially involving 6 horses. on subsequent screening of the entire group, t. brucei, t. congolense and t. vivax infections were detected in 16 of the 35 horses. the tests used for diagnosis included ... | 1994 | 7941037 |
| dna content and molecular karyotype of trypanosomes of the subgenus nannomonas. | the relative dna contents of representative stocks of 5 groups within the trypanosome subgenus nannomonas (trypanosoma simiae, godfreyi, t. congolense savannah, forest and kilifi) were measured by flow cytometry. the range of dna contents formed a continuum. nevertheless small differences were observed between the groups, with t. simiae/t. congolense savannah and t. congolense kilifi/forest at the lower and higher ends of the range respectively. analysis of karyotype by pulsed field gel electrop ... | 1994 | 7942351 |
| chinifur, a selective inhibitor and "subversive substrate" for trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase. | nitrofurans with aromatic and heterocyclic substituents inhibit trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase (tr) and yeast glutathione reductase (gr), acting as uncompetitive inhibitors vs. nadph and noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibitors vs. disulfide substrate. many of these compounds inhibited trypanothione reductase more efficiently than glutathione reductase. chinifur (2-[5'-nitro(furo-2'-yl)-ethene-1-yl]-4(n,n-diethylamino)-1-methyl-but-1 -yl - aminocarbonyl-4-quinoline) was the mos ... | 1994 | 7945363 |
| detection of trypanosome infections in the saliva of tsetse flies and buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle. | relatively simple protocols employing non-radioactive dna probes have been used for the detection of african trypanosomes in the blood of mammalian hosts and the saliva of live tsetse flies. in combination with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the protocols revealed trypanosomes in buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle and in the saliva of live, infected tsetse flies. furthermore, the protocols were used to demonstrate concurrent natural infections of single tsetse fl ... | 1994 | 8022657 |
| protection conferred by trypanosoma evansi infection against homologous and heterologous trypanosome challenge in rabbits. | the response of rabbits, infected with trypanosoma evansi, to challenge with homologous and heterologous trypanosome species was investigated. protection against homologous challenge was complete with partial protection observed against heterologous t. evansi and trypanosoma brucei challenge. no protection was seen against challenges with trypanosoma vivax or trypanosoma congolense. the recognition of the surface components of the parasite by the host antibodies was closely linked with complete ... | 1994 | 8030185 |
| dynamics of host blood effects in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei. | the pattern of infection in glossina morsitans morsitans and g. m. centralis membrane-fed on eland, buffalo or goat blood mixed with trypanosoma congolense or t. brucei was studied from day 1 to day 10. tsetse were initially permissive vectors, with most flies harbouring infections of 10(4)-10(5) parasites on day 3. however, after a second blood meal on day 3, flies cleared many infections, with g. m. morsitans clearing more infections than g.m. centralis. infective feeds of goat blood consisten ... | 1994 | 8036228 |
| sequence determination of three variable surface glycoproteins from trypanosoma congolense. conserved sequence and structural motifs. | the full-length cdna sequences of three variable surface glycoproteins from bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense have been determined. they encode preproteins of 429, 449, and 428 amino acids. these proteins contain the typical n-terminal leader sequences of secreted eukaryotic proteins, and display hydrophobic amino acids at their c-termini characteristic of variable surface glycoproteins; these leader sequences serve as transient membrane anchors after protein synthesis. by performing s ... | 1994 | 8055958 |
| maturation of trypanosome infections in tsetse. | 1994 | 8056082 | |
| immunoelectron microscopic studies on the specific adhesion of trypanosoma congolense to cultured vascular endothelial cells. | bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense were cocultivated in vitro with vascular endothelial cells. the trypanosomes adhere specifically to the endothelial surfaces of the anterior part of their flagella, as shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the interaction between parasite and host cell is very tight, and frequently the accumulation of endocytotic vesicles near the contact site is observed. immunoelectron microscopy revealed a compound distributed over the total surfac ... | 1994 | 8060730 |
| heligmosomoides polygyrus and trypanosoma congolense infections in mice: a laboratory model for concurrent gastrointestinal nematode and trypanosome infections. | a murine model using heligmosomoides polygyrus and trypanosoma congolense has been developed for studying the effects of concurrent chronic gastrointestinal nematode and trypanosome infections. female outbred mice were infected either with 500 infective larvae (l3) of h. polygyrus or with 10(4) bloodstream forms of t. congolense or both. in concurrent infections, animals were dosed with both parasites simultaneously or the trypanosomes were injected 5 or 10 days after the mice were infected with ... | 1994 | 8152856 |
| relationships between protease activity, host blood and infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | midgut protease activity in glossina morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans, at 48 h post bloodmeal averaged 1.8iu of trypsin-like activity. these two tsetse subspecies differ in their susceptibility to trypanosome infection. except for low levels in flies fed on waterbuck blood (0.7 iu), activity did not differ in flies fed a variety of host bloods (goat, pig, cow, buffalo, eland) and trypanosome species (trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei, t. simiae). protease activity was also not correlated w ... | 1994 | 8161844 |
| midgut lectin activity and sugar specificity in teneral and fed tsetse. | midgut infection rates of trypanosoma congolense in glossina palpalis palpalis and of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in glossina pallidipes are potentiated by the addition of d+ glucosamine to the infective feed, but not to the levels of super-infection reported for g.m.morsitans, g.p.palpalis and g.pallidipes are shown to possess two trypanocidal molecules: a glucosyl lectin which can be inhibited by d+ glucosamine and a galactosyl molecule inhibited by d+ galactose. addition of both d+ glucosa ... | 1994 | 8161852 |
| a comparison of the susceptibility of djallonké sheep and west african dwarf goats to experimental infection with two different strains of trypanosoma congolense. | two cloned strains of trypanosoma congolense, of west and east african origin, were used to infect by intradermal inoculation two groups of young adult female djallonké sheep and west african dwarf goats. for a 3 month period post-infection, packed red cell volume (pcv), parasitaemia, body weight and clinical parameters were followed to evaluate their trypanotolerant nature and to control the pathogenicity of the two strains of t. congolense. although the west african strain of t. congolense was ... | 1994 | 8171821 |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense infection on the pituitary gland of baoulé bulls: immunohistochemistry of lh- and fsh-secreting cells and response of plasma lh and testosterone to combined dexamethasone and gnrh treatment. | the effects of trypanosoma congolense infection were investigated at the pituitary level on trypanosome resistant baoulé bulls (aged 3-6 years), using immunohistochemistry of lh- and fsh-secreting cells and a combined dexamethasone and gnrh challenge. the pituitaries of two control and five naturally infected baoulé bulls were removed after slaughter and the lh- and fsh-secreting cells were examined immunohistochemically, using specific polyclonal antibodies against beta lh and beta fsh. no sign ... | 1994 | 8182584 |
| relapse of trypanosoma congolense infection in goats after diminazene aceturate is not a result of invasion of the central nervous system. | 1994 | 8192521 | |
| isometamidium concentrations in the sera of boran cattle: correlation with prophylaxis against tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense. | fifteen boran cattle from a trypanosomiasis-free area were injected intramuscularly with isometamidium chloride at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. thereafter, the cattle were challenged at monthly intervals with glossina morsitans centralis infected with one of three populations of trypanosoma congolense (il 3893, il 3889 or il 1180) until all animals became infected. isometamidium concentrations in the sera of these cattle were measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay over ... | 1994 | 8203294 |
| major surface glycoproteins of procyclic stage african trypanosomes. | the procyclic stage in the life cycle of african trypanosomes is adapted for life in the harsh environment of the midgut of the tsetse fly vector. procyclic forms derived by transformation from antigenically distinct bloodstream variants are antigenically similar and have lost the variant surface glycoprotein coat of the bloodstream forms. in contrast to bloodstream forms, where the variant surface glycoprotein coat is essentially the only molecule exposed, many different proteins can be labeled ... | 1994 | 8206145 |
| effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters of village n'dama cattle in the gambia. | the effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters in 2000 village n'dama cattle were assessed periodically. blood examination showed trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax to be prevalent, while strongylid-type eggs were those most frequently encountered in faecal samples. a distinct seasonal fluctuation was detected for both blood levels of trypanosomes and helminth egg output. strongylid burden and trypanosome infection had significant negative effect ... | 1994 | 7839560 |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense infection in rams on the pulsatile secretion of lh and testosterone and responses to injection of gnrh. | changes in pulsatile secretion of lh and testosterone and responses to exogenous gnrh were assessed at different stages of trypanosoma congolense infection in rams. jugular blood samples were collected every 15 min for 6 h followed by immediate injection of gnrh (20 micrograms i.v.) and further sample collection after 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min. this sampling and injection regimen was performed 5 days before infection (day -5) and 23 and 52 days after infection. t. congolense infection ... | 1994 | 7861397 |
| tumour necrosis factor production by monocytes from cattle infected with trypanosoma (duttonella) vivax and trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense: possible association with severity of anaemia associated with the disease. | plasma of cattle infected with trypanosoma vivax il2337 was analysed for the presence of bovine tumour necrosis factor (tnf) by eia in which tnf was captured by a monoclonal antibody (moab bc9) and detected by a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. at week 2-3 post infection (p.i.) only a low activity was detected. therefore, an alternative approach was used in which tnf production was measured ex vivo. monocytes from t. vivax il2337-infected cattle manifested a strong tnf production which peaked around ... | 1994 | 7908735 |
| mechanism of reduction of quinones by trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase. | a number of quinones were analyzed as substrates for trypanothione reductase from trypanosoma congolense, an enzyme responsible for the protection of trypanosomes against oxidative stress. using nadph as substrate, the maximal rate of the steady-state reaction at ph 7.5 was between 24 and 1.6 s-1 for 11 quinone substrates. the biomolecular steady-state rate constants for quinone reduction, v/km, ranged from 240 to 1.9 x 10(5) m-1 s-1, and their logarithms exhibited a hyperbolic dependence on the ... | 1994 | 8117712 |
| modulation of the phenotype and function of bovine afferent lymph cells during infection with trypanosoma congolense. | alterations in the phenotype and function of cells isolated from bovine afferent lymph were studied following tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense infection. little alteration was observed in the output of the cd2+ t cells in the lymph, and within this population the cd4:cd8 ratio remained relatively constant. by contrast, a marked decrease was observed in the output of gamma delta t cells over the first 7 days following infection. the number of b cells increased between 2 and 6 days post-i ... | 1994 | 8128607 |
| time-dose response of trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms to diminazene and isometamidium. | trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms were propagated in vitro axenically in a simplified cultivation medium at 34 degrees c. viability of a drug-sensitive and a drug-resistant clone were examined for 10 days following exposure to 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms ml-1 of diminazene aceturate and 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 ng ml-1 of isometamidium chloride for various time intervals. drug-sensitive t. congolense were irreversibly damaged after incubation with 10 micrograms ml-1 or 1 microgram ml-1 diminaze ... | 1994 | 8073607 |
| a 69 kda immunodominant antigen of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense is homologous to immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (bip). | an immunodominant antigen in trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle is a 69 kda protein which is conserved among species and developmental stages of african trypanosomes. immunoscreening of a cdna expression library identified a 2.35 kbp clone which contains a complete open reading frame encoding a protein of 653 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 71 kda. protein sequence analyses revealed 45-65% identity with hsp70s from a broad range of organisms, the highest homology being with th ... | 1994 | 8084662 |
| trypanosomiasis and trypanotolerance in cattle: a role for congopain? | a trypanosoma congolense cysteine protease (congopain) elicits a high igg response in trypanotolerant but not in trypanosusceptible cattle during primary infections. as discussed here by edith authié, this observation suggests that congopain, like other parasite cysteine proteases, may play a role in pathogenicity and that more efficient immune responses to congopain may contribute to trypanotolerance. | 1994 | 15275419 |
| respiratory activity of isolated liver mitochondria following trypanosoma congolense infection in rabbits: the role of thyroxine. | 1. the effect of trypanosome infection on rabbit liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was investigated, with and without thyroxine replacement. 2. state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio (rcr) and adp/o ratio were significantly reduced in mitochondria from trypanosome-infected animals whereas there was no change in state 4 respiration. 3. state 3 respiration, rcr and adp/o ratio were not significantly altered in trypanosome-infected animals given thyroxine replacement therapy. 4. ... | 1993 | 8095444 |
| the relationship between decrease in feed intake and infection with trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax in west african dwarf goats. | twenty-three mature dwarf goats were used to study whether there is a relationship between the decrease in feed intake for individual goats and infection with t.congolense and t. vivax. furthermore, it was investigated how rectal temperatures and blood parameters were affected by the t. congolense infection and how changes in these parameters can be used to predict the effect of a t. vivax infection on feed intake. for individual goats a ranking correlation was found between relative dry matter ... | 1993 | 8098884 |
| epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the ghibe valley, southwest ethiopia. 2. factors associated with variations in trypanosome prevalence, incidence of new infections and prevalence of recurrent infections. | an average of 840 east african zebu cattle from nine herds in the ghibe valley, southwest ethiopia were monitored from january 1986 to april 1990. each month blood samples were collected for analysis of packed red cell volume (pcv) and detection of trypanosomes. animals found to be parasitaemic and with a pcv less than 26% were treated with diminazene aceturate at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight. the majority of infections were associated with trypanosoma congolense (84% of infections in adult c ... | 1993 | 8098899 |
| epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the ghibe valley, southwest ethiopia. 3. occurrence of populations of trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium. | in july 1989, blood samples were collected from parasitaemic cattle in the ghibe valley, ethiopia, frozen in liquid nitrogen and transported to nairobi, kenya. twelve of the stabilates were inoculated into individual boran (bos indicus) calves and characterised for their sensitivity, in turn, to diminazene aceturate (berenil), isometamidium chloride (samorin) and homidium chloride (novidium). all 12 stabilates produced infections which were shown to be trypanosoma congolense and resistant to tre ... | 1993 | 8098900 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of diminazene in noninfected boran (bos indicus) cattle and boran cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the pharmacokinetics of diminazene in five female boran (bos indicus) cattle before and then during acute and chronic phases of experimental infections with trypanosoma congolense were investigated. a 7.0% (wt/vol) solution of diminazene aceturate (berenil) was used in all three phases of the study and administered as a single intramuscular dose of 3.5 mg of diminazene base per kg of body weight. there were no significant differences between the values of pharmacokinetic parameters for the nonin ... | 1993 | 8100129 |
| the glutamyl binding site of trypanothione reductase from crithidia fasciculata: enzyme kinetic properties of gamma-glutamyl-modified substrate analogues. | trypanothione reductase, central to the redox defense systems of parasitic trypanosomes and leishmanias, is sufficiently different in its substrate-specificity from mammalian glutathione reductase to represent an attractive target for chemotherapeutic intervention. previous studies of the physiological substrates trypanothione (n1,n8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) and n1-glutathionylspermidine disulphide established that the spermidine moiety of these substrates can be replaced by the 3-dimethyl-p ... | 1993 | 8105896 |
| [pathogenic effects of trypanosoma congolense on the testis of baoulé bulls: quantitative and morphometric histology]. | the effect of trypanosoma congolense on testis was studied in 53 trypano-resistant "baoulé" bulls by quantitative histology and morphometry. the daily spermatozoa production per testis of control groups (n = 45) was 382 +/- 334 x 10(6) (m +/- sd) and the epididymis contained 0.6 +/- 1 x 10(9) spermatozoa in the caput, 0.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(9) in the corpus and 1.2 +/- 1.8 x 10(9) in the cauda. the infected bulls (n = 8) showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) when compared to the control despite ... | 1993 | 8142035 |
| [comparison of experimental trypanosomiasis in various breeds of small ruminants in burkina faso]. | twenty-four dwarf djallonké sheep and goats, and 16 sahelian fulani sheep and goats, were inoculated with strains of trypanosoma vivax and trypanosoma congolense to compare their degree of susceptibility to trypanosomosis. one animal from each breed was used as a control. anaemia was observed in all inoculated animals. in the group of animals inoculated with t. vivax, 1 djallonké goat out of 6, 3 sahelian goats out of 4 and 2 fulani sheep out of 4 died within the experimental period of 16 weeks. ... | 1993 | 7915427 |
| immunosuppression in trypanotolerant n'dama cattle following trypanosoma congolense infection. | tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense infection causes an impairment of in vitro t cell proliferative responses in boran (bos indicus) cattle. to assess the importance of this phenomenon as it may relate to the ability of trypanotolerant cattle to control infection with trypanosomes, t cell proliferative responses to mitogenic stimulus with concanavalin a were measured in n'dama (bos taurus) cattle throughout infection. the responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from boran and n'dam ... | 1993 | 7877852 |
| conservation of grna gene cassette structure in african trypanosomes despite divergence in the defining flanking repeats. | 1993 | 8232424 | |
| sequences of three trypanosoma congolense maxicircle genes allow prediction of regions encoding transcripts that undergo extensive rna editing. | 1993 | 8232425 | |
| antibody responses to a 33 kda cysteine protease of trypanosoma congolense: relationship to 'trypanotolerance' in cattle. | a cysteine protease of trypanosoma congolense (congopain) elicited igg1 antibodies in those cattle which exhibited a degree of resistance to disease during experimental infections (authié et al. 1992, 1993). the aim of the present study was to investigate further the association between anti-congopain antibodies and resistance to trypanosomiasis, and to provide a lead into the mechanisms responsible for the differential responses to congopain in cattle. isotype characteristics and kinetics of th ... | 1993 | 8233561 |
| secretion of co-stimulatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages during infection with trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense in susceptible and tolerant cattle. | bovine macrophages and monocytes were cultured in vitro and analyzed for their capacity to secrete co-stimulatory cytokines. to this end, the culture medium was titrated on suboptimally stimulated murine thymocytes. a low residual release by normal monocytes was noted which usually remained below the detection limit of the assay. these cells could be induced to secrete high titres following activation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. when harvested from animals infected with trypanosoma congol ... | 1993 | 8236792 |
| the prevalence of concurrent trypanosome and gastrointestinal nematode infections in west african dwarf sheep and goats in nsukka area of eastern nigeria. | the prevalence of concurrent nematode-trypanosome infections in traditionally reared west african dwarf sheep and goats in eastern nigeria was monitored over a 12-month period during 1987-1988. the most prevalent nematodes were haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, which usually occurred together in all nematode infected animals. their combined prevalence rates ranged from 90 to 100% throughout the year and they accounted for 66 to 98% of the total monthly worm burdens. of the ... | 1993 | 8249254 |
| immune lysis of trypanosoma congolense: generation of a soluble covalent complex of variant surface glycoprotein and bovine complement component c3b. | organisms of trypanosoma congolense variant antigenic type tc13 (vat tc13) were incubated, at 37 degrees c for 60 min, with fresh bovine serum in the presence of antibody specific for the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg). upon immune lysis, soluble vsg (54 kda) and a larger complex (about 225 kda), containing vsg, was detected in the supernatant fluid of the mixture. neither soluble vsg nor the vsg complex were detected when fresh bovine serum was incubated with organisms of t. congolense in t ... | 1993 | 8256435 |
| a major surface antigen of procyclic stage trypanosoma congolense. | five monoclonal antibodies (mab) were raised that bound to the surface of procyclic stage trypanosoma congolense with high intensity in immunofluorescence. immunoblot analysis of trypanosome lysates using 3 of these mab revealed a diffuse sds-page band of 36-40 kda. the purified antigen did not react with coomassie blue or silver stains, but did stain blue with stains-all, indicating acidity. for the one mab tested, the epitope was periodate-sensitive and therefore probably glycan. although this ... | 1993 | 8264732 |
| trypanosoma congolense in the microvasculature of the pituitary gland of experimentally infected boran cattle (bos indicus). | the pituitary glands of seven boran cattle (bos indicus), five infected with a clone of trypanosoma congolense il 1180 (ilnat 3.1) transmitted by glossina morsitans centralis and two uninfected controls, were examined by light and electron microscopy 43 (experiment 2) or 56 (experiment 1) days after fly challenge. the three cattle used in the first experiment included a 15-month-old female (no. 1), a 24-month-old female (no. 2), and a 21-month-old male (no. 3) as a control. in the second experim ... | 1993 | 8266622 |
| a comparison of susceptibility of two allopatric populations of glossina pallidipes for stocks of trypanosoma congolense. | a colony of glossina pallidipes austen which originated from nguruman, rift valley province, kenya, was significantly more susceptible to infection (19.3%) with a stock of trypanosoma congolense broden isolated from g. pallidipes in nguruman than a colony of the same species which originated from shimba hills, coast province, kenya (5.6%). male g.pallidipes from nguruman were significantly more susceptible than females to this t.congolense stock whilst the susceptibility of both sexes of g.palli ... | 1993 | 8268493 |
| variation in sensitivity of trypanosoma congolense to diminazene during the early phase of tsetse-transmitted infection in goats. | twenty-five goats were randomly allocated to five groups of five animals each and infected with trypanosoma congolense il 3274 via the bites of infected glossina morsitans centralis. at intervals of 1, 4, 8, 12 or 19 days following infection, each group of five animals was treated intramuscularly with diminazene aceturate at a dose of 7.0 mg kg-1 body weight (b.w.). while treatment on day 1 eliminated infections in all five goats, treatment on day 19 did not cure any of the animals; in groups tr ... | 1993 | 8291183 |
| a colorimetric assay for trypanosome viability and metabolic function. | we have adapted a tetrazolium salt (mtt) colorimetric cytotoxicity assay to the assessment of viability and metabolic function in cultured african trypanosomes. trypomastigotes of trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei rhodesianse were harvested from the blood of parasitemic rats and cultured under axenic conditions that support trypanosome viability and growth. analysis of serial dilutions of these bloodstream forms indicated that the assay could detect 10(4) parasites. to assess the effect of ly ... | 1993 | 8291189 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a slow release device containing homidium bromide in rabbits infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the subcutaneous implantation of a slow release device (srd) containing 1 mg kg-1 homidium bromide (ethidium) protected 95% of the rabbits for at least 3 months against reinfection with different stocks of trypanosoma congolense. only 30.8% of the animals, which received the classical intramuscular injection of 1 mg kg-1 homidium bromide, were protected for more than 1 month. the advantages of an srd against injection of homidium bromide are a longer protection period, less variation in the perc ... | 1993 | 8291190 |
| the effect of cattle infection by trypanosoma congolense on the attraction, and feeding success, of the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes. | an incomplete ring of electric nets was placed around uninfected cattle and cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense. the numbers of fed and unfed glossina pallidipes caught on the nets were used to estimate the attractiveness of infected and uninfected cattle to tsetse, and the feeding success of tsetse on the cattle. there was no difference in the attractiveness of infected and uninfected cattle to g. pallidipes. however, the feeding success of g. pallidipes on infected cattle was 75% great ... | 1993 | 8316432 |
| phospholipase a2 from trypanosoma congolense: characterization and haematological properties. | phospholipase a2 was isolated from trypanosoma congolense and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. the enzyme appeared to exist in a dimeric form with subunit molecular weights of 16,500 and 18,000. it had a ph optimum of 6.8. kinetic analysis with different substrates, showed that the enzyme had exceptional specificity for 1,2,dimyristoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine and 1,2,dioleoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine with km values of 1.85 x 10(-3) m and 2.12 x 10(-3) m respectively. the arrhenius plot was ... | 1993 | 8324881 |
| susceptibility of nigerian west african dwarf and red sokoto goats to a strain of trypanosoma congolense. | west african dwarf (wad) and red sokoto (rs) goats were experimentally infected with the kafanchan strain of trypanosoma congolense and the course of the infection was monitored. the organism was pathogenic and produced fatal disease in the goats, which was characterized by rapid progressive anaemia, leucocytosis, weight loss and death. all rs goats died within 11 days of infection, and had a mean reduction in packed cell volume (pcv) of 11%. in west african dwarf goats, one death occurred on da ... | 1993 | 8333125 |
| the pathophysiology of trypanosoma congolense infection in scottish blackface sheep. influence of dietary protein. | the intensity of parasitaemia, degree of anaemia, blood biochemical changes and live weight gains were measured in two groups of scottish blackface sheep infected experimentally with bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense and given either a high or a low protein diet. it was observed that infected animals on a high protein diet tended to develop a higher intensity of parasitaemia than those on a low protein diet. both groups of infected sheep exhibited similar degrees of anaemia, but the er ... | 1993 | 8333126 |
| epidemiology of trypanosome infections of the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes in the zambezi valley. | the epidemiology of trypanosome infections of glossina pallidipes was studied at a riverine site in the zambezi valley, zimbabwe for a period of 13 months. over 9000 flies were captured using a single trap. these flies were dissected, screened for trypanosome infection, sexed, and aged using both wing fray and (for females) ovarian category indices. midgut infections were identified to species using recently developed dna probes. the overall prevalence of mature infections was 5.5%, comprising 3 ... | 1993 | 8341584 |
| the influence of host blood on infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae isolated from wild-caught glossina pallidipes were fed to laboratory-reared g. morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans to determine the effect of host blood at the time of the infective feed on infection rates. bloodstream forms of trypanosomes were membrane-fed to flies either neat, or mixed with blood from cows, goats, pigs, buffalo, eland, waterbuck and oryx. the use of different bloods for the infective feed resulted in differences in infection ... | 1993 | 8355996 |
| pathogenesis and pathology of african trypanosomosis in baoulé, n'dama/baoulé cross bred and zebu cattle in burkina faso. 1. clinical performance under high natural tsetse challenge. | the pathogenesis and pathology of african animal trypanosomosis (aat) in baoulé, n'dama/baoulé-cross-bred and zebu cattle was studied from 1987 to 1991 in a series of experiments conducted under natural and artificial conditions of challenge at the centre de recherches sur les trypanosomoses animales (crta) in burkina faso. this first paper reports on the clinical performance of 64 baoulé, 10 n'dama/baoulé-cross-bred and 20 zebu cattle, which were transferred to the pastoral zone of satiri, 50 k ... | 1993 | 8367674 |
| trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from tsavo, kenya. | trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense comprises morphologically identical but genetically heterogeneous parasites infective to livestock and other mammalian hosts; three different genotypes of this parasite have been described previously. restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) in both kinetoplast dna minicircle and nuclear dna sequences, and randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (rapd) patterns have been used here to demonstrate the existence of another type of t. ... | 1993 | 8383313 |
| reduced responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in boran (bos inducus) cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the response of the pituitary-adrenal axis to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) and the adrenal response to adrenocorticotrophin hormone (acth) stimulation were studied during infection of boran (bos indicus) cattle with trypanosoma congolense. for crh, 15 animals were challenged during preinfection and infection phases, while for acth 10 animals were challenged during pre-infection, infection and post-treatment phases of the experiments. the axis showed a reduced responsiveness after crh c ... | 1993 | 8394613 |
| maxicircle dna and edited mrna sequences of closely related trypanosome species: implications of krna editing for evolution of maxicircle genomes. | krna editing produces functional mrnas by uridine insertion and deletion. we analyzed portions of the apocytochrome b and nadh dehydrogenase subunits 7 and 8 (nd7 and 8) genes and their edited mrnas in trypanosoma congolense and compared these to the corresponding sequences in t.brucei. we find that these genes are highly diverged between the two species, especially in the positions of thymidines and in nucleotide transitions. editing eliminates differences in encoded uridines producing edited m ... | 1993 | 8396763 |
| rickettsia-like organisms and chitinase production in relation to transmission of trypanosomes by tsetse flies. | rickettsia-like organisms (rlo) from testse midguts and mosquito cell cultures showed high levels of endochitinase activity. a line of glossina morsitans morsitans highly susceptible to midgut trypanosome infection and with high incidence of rlo infection showed significantly greater chitinolytic activity than g. austeni which had low rlo incidence and were correspondingly refractory to midgut infection. midgut infection rates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in g. m. morsitans showed a dose-re ... | 1993 | 8414668 |
| antibody responses to invariant antigens of trypanosoma congolense in cattle of differing susceptibility to trypanosomiasis. | five trypanotolerant n'dama (bos taurus) and five susceptible boran (bos indicus) cattle were challenged by tsetse flies infected with trypanosoma congolense il 13-e3. these animals had experienced five previous infections with t. congolense, each terminated by drug therapy. immunoblotting and elisa were used to determine isotype and specificity of antibody responses to trypanosome invariant antigens. both igm and igg1 were elicited, but the igg1 responses were directed against a greater diversi ... | 1993 | 8446463 |
| measurement of trypanotolerance criteria and their effect on reproductive performance of n'dama cattle. | one thousand and twenty-eight cow-year records were available from 260 n'dama cows each having at least 2 years of monthly matching health and performance data over a 5-year period under a medium natural tsetse challenge in gabon. four hundred and fifty-eight calf/dam pairs were also available where the calf had been reared to weaning, both had monthly matching records and each cow had weaned at least two calves. evaluations were carried out on effects of, and linkages between, environmental and ... | 1993 | 8447067 |
| trypanosoma congolense: in vitro susceptibility of bloodstream forms to diminazene and isometamidium. | 1993 | 8454031 | |
| fluorescence analysis of the interaction of isometamidium with trypanosoma congolense. | isometamidium chloride (samorin) is the only compound recommended for prophylaxis against bovine trypanosomiasis in sub-saharan africa. the fluorescence property of this compound was used to investigate the interaction of the molecule with in vitro-derived bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense il 1180. incubation of isometamidium with trypanosomes at 37 degrees c for 180 min resulted in a gradual alteration of the lambda max. with time (from 600 to 584 nm) and an increase in the intensity ... | 1993 | 8503859 |
| defecation by anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes of host blood infected with live trypanosoma congolense. | female anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes were experimentally fed on hamsters and balb/c mice which were either clean or infected with trypanosoma congolense. the mosquitoes readily fed on either animal. a blood repletion rate of 82.7% was recorded for mosquitoes feeding on hamsters. seventy seven per cent of the replete mosquitoes continued to feed while at the same time defecating the host's blood in droplets, ejected in quick succession from the anus. ninety five per cent of mosquitoes defecatin ... | 1993 | 8516628 |
| derivation and characterization of a quinapyramine-resistant clone of trypanosoma congolense. | over a period of 208 days a quinapyramine-resistant population was derived in vivo from a quinapyramine-susceptible clone of trypanosoma congolense: il 1180. while the dose of quinapyramine sulfate required to cure 50% of mice infected with the parental clone was 0.23 mg/kg of body weight, the 50% curative dose for the resistant derivative, il 1180/stabilate 12, was greater than 9.6 mg/kg. this approximately 40-fold increase in resistance to quinapyramine was shown to be associated with an 8-fol ... | 1993 | 8517707 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitoses in livestock in senegal. v. the northern guinea area]. | the authors report the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses among cattle, sheep and goats in the north-guinean zone. during a period of 15 months, ticks were systematically removed from 40 cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in order to assess the population dynamics and to determine more accurately the preferential sites of settlement of the following different species collected from these animals: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus geigyi, hyalomma truncatum, h. marginatum rufipes, rhipiceph ... | 1993 | 8073170 |
| pharmacology of existing drugs for animal trypanosomiasis. | lack of much interest by the pharmaceutical industry to venture into development of new antitrypanosomal drugs has been a major stimulus to an intensification of research into the few existing drugs. those indicated for animal trypanosomiasis include: isometamidium, homidium and diminazene, used primarily against trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax and t. brucei; and quinapyramine, mainly indicated for use against t. evansi infections. a great deal of research effort has focused on development of p ... | 1993 | 7902656 |
| alterations in drug transport in resistant trypanosoma congolense. | the transport of isometamidium chloride (samorin) in trypanosoma congolense which were either sensitive or resistant to this widely used trypanocide was studied in vitro. significantly lower amounts of drug were accumulated over time by resistant than by sensitive trypanosomes. while no direct evidence could be obtained, indirect observations implied the involvement of an increased efflux of drug from the resistant trypanosomes. in both the resistant and sensitive parasites, drug transport was f ... | 1993 | 7902664 |
| an in vitro assay for drug sensitivity of trypanosoma congolense using in vitro-derived metacyclic trypanosomes. | the sensitivity of seven populations of t. congolense to the salts of three trypanocides, diminazene, isometamidium and homidium, were determined in vitro using in vitro-derived metacyclic trypanosomes. the trypanosomes were incubated at 35 degrees c for 48 h with various drug concentrations (0.5 ng-50 micrograms/ml) and then transferred to cultures containing bovine endothelial-cell monolayers, to assess their viability over the following 5 days as compared to control trypanosomes that had been ... | 1993 | 7902666 |
| drug sensitivity screening in vitro of populations of trypanosoma congolense originating from cattle and tsetse flies at nguruman, kenya. | an in vitro assay that utilises in vitro-derived metacyclic trypanosomes was used to determine the drug sensitivity of 7 populations of trypanosoma congolense collected from cattle and tsetse flies at nguruman; a trypanosomiasis-endemic area in southwest kenya. the metacyclic trypanosomes used in the assay were obtained from cultures initiated directly from either the blood of cattle with low levels of parasitaemia or from guts of infected tsetse flies. sensitivities to isometamidium chloride, d ... | 1993 | 7903133 |
| identification and characterization of an acidic major surface glycoprotein from procyclic stage trypanosoma congolense. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were derived against the procyclic culture form of trypanosoma congolense and 14 were selected which bound to the surface of living procyclics in immunofluorescence assays. these antibodies bound to procyclics and epimastigotes of t. congolense (both savannah-type and kilifi-type) and procyclics of trypanosoma simiae, but not to procyclics of other species of trypanosomes, to bloodstream forms of several species of trypanosomes or to leishmania, and were thus life cy ... | 1993 | 7903427 |
| the nature of the teneral state in glossina and its role in the acquisition of trypanosome infection in tsetse. | teneral glossina morsitans morsitans from outbred and susceptible stocks infected with trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense developed, respectively, three and six times higher midgut infection rates than flies of the same stock which had previously taken a bloodmeal. non-teneral g. m. morsitans remained relatively refractory to infection when infected at subsequent feeds. differences in susceptibility to midgut infection between teneral flies from susceptible and outbred lines of g. m. morsitans ... | 1992 | 1288435 |
| genital lesions and histopathology of male guinea-pigs infected with trypanosomes. | sixty adult male guinea-pigs were used to study the effect of trypanosoma brucei brucei and trypanosoma congolense infections on genitalia, testicles and reproductive capacity. both infections showed acute to chronic courses. t. b. brucei appeared more virulent than t. congolense. in both cases the infection periods significantly (p < 0.01) influenced resultant decrease in body and gonadal weight, testicular mass index and extent of lesion formation. histopathological lesions included mononuclea ... | 1992 | 1298022 |
| therapeutic activity of isometamidium chloride in boran cattle against a tsetse-transmitted clone of trypanosoma congolense with a low level of drug resistance. | experiments were conducted with a clone of trypanosoma congolense, il 3580, which exhibited a low level of resistance to isometamidium chloride. five cattle were treated intramuscularly with isometamidium chloride at a dose rate of 0.5 mg kg-1 body weight (bw) and challenged 28 days later with 5 glossina morsitans centralis infected with t. congolense il 3580. all 5 cattle and 15 untreated steers challenged on the same day became parasitaemic by day 15 post-infection. thus, at a dose of 0.5 mg k ... | 1992 | 1304663 |
| isolation of drug-resistant strains of trypanosoma congolense from the lower shabelle region of southern somalia. | drug resistance by pathogenic trypanosomes in somali livestock has been suspected for some time but there have been few attempts to examine this problem in detail. field isolations from two areas in the lower shabelle region were obtained by injecting blood from trypanosome infected cattle into a recipient calf. once the calf became parasitaemic it was treated with a standard dose of isometamidium chloride (samorin, rmb) at 0.5 mg/kg. when a subsequent relapse infection developed, indicative of ... | 1992 | 1305337 |
| trypanosomiasis control in boran cattle in kenya: a comparison between chemoprophylaxis and a parasite detection and intravenous treatment method using isometamidium chloride. | two methods of trypanosome control in boran cattle kept under very high trypanosomiasis risk were compared: the traditional intramuscular isometamidium chloride prophylaxis with a parasite detection and intravenous isometamidium chloride treatment method. the results were related to a control group under diminazene aceturate treatment. isometamidium chloride at 0.25 mg/kg as routinely used by the ranch was of little benefit by either method, with breakthrough infections occurring as early as one ... | 1992 | 1306914 |
| hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia is modified by trypanosome infection in boran (bos indicus) cattle. | ten boran (bos indicus) cattle were used to study the stress responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis during trypanosome infection. five cattle were infected with trypanosoma congolense il 1180 by tsetse challenge and five cattle served as controls. all infected animals developed acute trypanosomiasis. insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (50 per cent of pre-insulin glucose concentration) was used as a stress factor. acute hypoglycaemia was observed in three infected and three co ... | 1992 | 1329164 |
| modulation of the calcium pump of the kidney and testes of rats infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the activity of the camgatpase (ca-pump) of the kidney and testes of wistar rats infected with trypanosoma congolense was studied during the course of infection. the activity of the enzyme in both organs was found to decrease with increase in parasitaemia. the transition temperature (tc) decreased and activation energy (ea) of the enzyme increased with increase in parasitaemia. the relevance of the ca-pump in the pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis is discussed. | 1992 | 1331207 |
| brain na+ k+ atpase and cholesterol in acute experimental trypanosomiasis. | brain na+ k+ atpase activity has been found to decrease in experimental trypanosomiasis in rats infected with trypanosoma congolense. some physical features that affect membrane fluidity were also observed to be altered. the levels of cholesterol in the brain and free fatty acids in the serum were found to increase in the infected animals. these findings might be relevant to the development of brain lesions. | 1992 | 1335378 |
| changes in levels of transaminases in goats experimentally infected with trypanosoma congolense. | goats were experimentally infected with trypanosoma congolense and then treated with berenil after 9 days of infection. the infection produced increases in glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (got) and glutamate pyruvic transaminase (gpt) values. mean got values in infected west african dwarf goats were generally lower than in infected red sokoto goats. treatment with berenil did not produce any significant effect on their levels probably because of the relapse infection recorded in this study. | 1992 | 1339996 |
| maternal antibodies in n'dama calves kept under natural trypanosomiasis risk in the gambia. | 1992 | 1352635 | |
| molecular studies on trypanothione reductase: an antiparasitic target enzyme. | 1992 | 1354149 |