Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| formate as an auxiliary substrate for glucose-limited cultivation of penicillium chrysogenum: impact on penicillin g production and biomass yield. | production of beta-lactams by the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum requires a substantial input of atp. during glucose-limited growth, this atp is derived from glucose dissimilation, which reduces the product yield on glucose. the present study has investigated whether penicillin g yields on glucose can be enhanced by cofeeding of an auxiliary substrate that acts as an energy source but not as a carbon substrate. as a model system, a high-producing industrial strain of p. chrysogenum w ... | 2007 | 17545326 |
| [reaction of microorganisms to the digestive fluid of the earthworms]. | the reaction of soil bacteria and fungi to the digestive fluid of the earthworm aporrectodea caliginosa was studied. the fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the native enzymes of the digestive tract. the inhibition of growth of certain bacteria, spores, and fungal hyphae under the effect of extracts from the anterior and middle sections of the digestive tract of a. caliginosa was discovered for the first time. in bacteria, microcolony formation was inhibited as early as 20-30 s after the app ... | 2007 | 17410875 |
| expression in escherichia coli and purification of bioactive antibacterial peptide abp-cm4 from the chinese silk worm, bombyx mori. | the antibacterial peptide cm4 (abp-cm4), isolated from chinese bombys mori, is a 35-residue cationic, amphipathic alpha-helical peptide that exhibits a broad range of antimicrobial activity. to explore a new approach for the expression of abp-cm4 in e. coli, the gene abp-cm4, obtained by recursive pcr (rpcr), was cloned into the vector pet32a to construct a fusion expression plasmid. the fusion protein trx-cm4 was expressed in soluble form, purified by ni(2+)-chelating chromatography, and cleave ... | 2007 | 17375264 |
| deacetylcephalosporin c production in penicillium chrysogenum by expression of the isopenicillin n epimerization, ring expansion, and acetylation genes. | penicillium chrysogenum npe6 lacking isopenicillin n acyltransferase activity is an excellent host for production of different beta-lactam antibiotics. we have constructed p. chrysogenum strains expressing cefd1, cefd2, cefef, and cefg genes cloned from acremonium chrysogenum. northern analysis revealed that the four genes were expressed in p. chrysogenum. the recombinant strains ta64, ta71, and ta98 secreted significant amounts of deacetylcephalosporin c, but cephalosporin c was not detected in ... | 2007 | 17379148 |
| leslie a (epstein) falk (1915-2004) and penicillin production at oxford. | to establish penicillin as a unique chemotherapeutic agent, howard florey and his colleagues at the sir william dunn school of pathology at oxford university needed to produce it in significant amounts. the first attempts to grow penicillium notatum for penicillin production were carried out by florey's colleague, ernst chain, in association with an american rhodes scholar, leslie a epstein, beginning in 1939. little has been known about this work except that some impure penicillin was obtained ... | 2007 | 17551607 |
| (gtg)5 microsatellite regions in citrinin-producing penicillium. | morphological and cultural characteristics, as well as biochemical properties, are the main criteria used in fungal taxonomy and in the standard description of fungi species. sometimes, however, this criterion is difficult to apply due to fungal phenotypic variations. this is particularly true in the genus penicillium. the aims of this work were to determine (gtg)5 microsatellite sequence in potentially citrinin-producing penicillium strains and to investigate if this sequence could be useful to ... | 2007 | 17592889 |
| molecular cloning and functional identification of a novel phenylacetyl-coa ligase gene from penicillium chrysogenum. | a novel phenylacetyl-coa ligase gene, designated phlb, was cloned and identified from the penicillin producing strain penicillium chrysogenum based on subtractive suppression hybridization approach. the phlb gene contains a 1686-bp open-reading frame and encodes a protein of approximately 62.6 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence shows about 35% identity to the characterized p. chrysogenum phenylacetyl-coa ligase phl and has a peroxisomal targeting signal on its c-terminal. recombinant phlb prot ... | 2007 | 17612506 |
| [what is the role of allergic sensitization in graves' disease?]. | recent data supported the presence of t helper 2 dominance in the immune processes of graves' disease and allergic diseases. a common role of regulatory t cells in the antigen- (or allergen-) specific immune responses was also demonstrated. | 2007 | 17631469 |
| cross-reactivity of non-aspergillus fungal species in the aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay. | the aspergillus galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (eia) has been demonstrated to facilitate rapid and sensitive detection of invasive aspergillosis. however, test specificity has not been fully evaluated in non-aspergillus fungal species. of 53 fungal isolates, cross-reactivity was observed with 5 non-aspergillus spp.: blastomyces dermatitidis, nigrospora oryzae, paecilomyces lilacinus, penicillium chrysogenum, and trichothecium roseum. | 2007 | 17662550 |
| isocoumarin derivatives from the sea squirt-derived fungus penicillium stoloniferum qy2-10 and the halotolerant fungus penicillium notatum b-52. | two isocoumarin derivatives, stoloniferol a (1) and b (2), a known 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-23-methyl-(22e, 24r)-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (3), and a known dihydrocitrinone (4) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the sea squirt-derived fungus, penicillium stoloniferum qy2-10, and a halophilic fungus, penicillium notatum b-52, respectively. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and optical rotation. the stereochemistry of 2 was determined on the basis of different ... | 2007 | 17703731 |
| xyloglucanases in the interaction between saprobe fungi and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. | we studied the production of xyloglucanase enzymes of pea and lettuce roots in the presence of saprobe and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. the am fungus glomus mosseae and the saprobe fungi fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum-126, trichoderma harzianum, penicillium chrysogenum, pleurotus ostreatus and aspergillus niger were used. g. mosseae increased the shoot and root dry weight of pea but not of lettuce. most of the saprobe fungi increased the level of mycorrhization of pea and lettuce ... | 2007 | 16904235 |
| comparative analysis of mixing distribution in aerobic stirred bioreactor for simulated yeasts and fungus broths. | the study on mixing distribution for an aerobic stirred bioreactor and simulated (solutions of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt), yeasts (s. cerevisiae) and fungus (p. chrysogenum pellets and free mycelia) broths indicated the significant variation of mixing time on the bioreactor height. the experiments suggested the possibility to reach a uniform mixing in whole bulk of the real broths for a certain value of rotation speed or biomass concentration domain. for s. cerevisiae broths the optimum ... | 2007 | 16909268 |
| cytosolic nadph metabolism in penicillin-g producing and non-producing chemostat cultures of penicillium chrysogenum. | this study addresses the relation between nadph supply and penicillin synthesis, by comparing the flux through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (ppp; the main source of cytosolic nadph) in penicillin-g producing and non-producing chemostat cultures of penicillium chrysogenum. the fluxes through the oxidative part of the ppp were determined using the recently introduced gluconate-tracer method. significantly higher oxidative ppp fluxes were observed in penicillin-g producing ... | 2007 | 17008114 |
| combined effect of volatile antimicrobial agents on the growth of penicillium notatum. | widely used antimicrobial volatile organic compounds, such as sulphur dioxide and ethanol but also selected aroma compounds such as carvacrol, allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) and cinnamaldehyde, were tested single and in binary combination for their effect on penicillium notatum growth in vapour phase at 30 degrees c. aroma compounds were more efficient compared to sulphur dioxide and ethanol. aitc and cinnamaldehyde had the highest inhibition activity on the growth of p. notatum with minimum inhibi ... | 2007 | 17011661 |
| fungal strains isolated from cork stoppers and the formation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole involved in the cork taint of wine. | cork taint is mainly due to 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (tca) produced through the activity of undesirable fungal strains. we observed that cfu mould number in tca-containing stoppers was not quantitatively different to that of the stoppers not containing tca (ca. 10(5)cfu/g). in contrast more fungi diversity was observed in tca-containing stoppers. penicillium spp (penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium glabrum), aspergillus spp (aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae), chrysonilia sitophila, mucor ... | 2007 | 17188205 |
| mould germination: data treatment and modelling. | the objectives of this study were i/ to examine germination data sets over a range of environmental conditions (water activity, temperature) for eight food spoilage moulds, ii/ to compare the ability of the gompertz equation and logistic function to fit the experimental plots, iii/ to simulate germination by assessing various distributions of the latent period for germination amongst a population of spores. data sets (percentage germination, p (%), versus time, t) of aspergillus carbonarius, asp ... | 2007 | 17188772 |
| microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. | discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. conventional treatment technologies for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution are not economical and generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive non-living biomass of microbial or plant origin is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. due to unique chemical compos ... | 2007 | 16427277 |
| interactions between statins and penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein (paf) to inhibit the germination of sporangiospores of different sensitive zygomycetes. | this study reports on the antifungal activities of statins combined with an antifungal compound secreted by penicillium chrysogenum, paf. several species belonging in the class zygomycetes are considered to be agents of human or animal mycoses; other species have significance as postharvest plant pathogens. in the present work, four species (rhizopus stolonifer, mortierella wolfii, syncephalastrum racemosum and mycotypha africana) that exhibited different sensitivities to lovastatin and paf in p ... | 2007 | 17302920 |
| enzymic analysis of nadph metabolism in beta-lactam-producing penicillium chrysogenum: presence of a mitochondrial nadph dehydrogenase. | based on assumed reaction network structures, nadph availability has been proposed to be a key constraint in beta-lactam production by penicillium chrysogenum. in this study, nadph metabolism was investigated in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of an industrial p. chrysogenum strain. enzyme assays confirmed the nadp(+)-specificity of the dehydrogenases of the pentose-phosphate pathway and the presence of nadp(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. pyruvate decarboxylase/nadp(+)-linked acetalde ... | 2006 | 16253533 |
| chromate sorption and reduction kinetics onto an aminated biosorbent. | a novel biosorbent was prepared by chemically grafting of polyethylenimine (pei) onto the fungal biomass of penicillium chrysogenum through a two-step reaction. the modified biosorbent is favorable for the removal of anionic cr(vi) species from aqueous solution due to the protonation of amine groups on the biomass surface. the sorption capacity for cr(vi) increased by 7.2-fold after surface modification. sorption kinetics results show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the expe ... | 2006 | 17165441 |
| [short communication: prevalence of fungal allergy in patients applied to hospital with symptoms of atopic disease in kocaeli, turkey]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fungal sensitization and to detect the ige and eosinophilic cationic protein (ecp) levels in the positive cases inhabiting in kocaeli province (located in northwest region of turkey). the results of mixed fungus tests of 1.799 patients (870 male, 929 female) ages between 3-80 years old who were admitted to kocaeli university medical faculty hospital in the period of january 2002-january 2005, with the symptoms of atopic disease such as u ... | 2006 | 17205697 |
| clustered sensitivity to fungi: anaphylactic reactions caused by ingestive allergy to yeasts. | respiratory allergy to environmental molds is relatively common, and fungal allergen-specific reactivity seems to cluster in certain persons. however, generalized reactions caused by ingested fungi have seldom been described. | 2006 | 17042133 |
| distribution of allergens in children with different atopic disorders in central taiwan. | allergic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema, are the most common chronic childhood diseases. exposure to house dust mites (hdms) can exacerbate allergic disorders in sensitized individuals. the data for sensitization to hdms and other frequent allergens amongst atopic children in taiwan is limited. we studied 498 children (aged 2-16 years) with atopy in central taiwan with cap testing (cationic antimicrobial protein system). our results revealed a high prevalence of sensi ... | 2006 | 17078465 |
| a caps test allowing a rapid distinction of penicillium expansum among fungal species collected on grape berries, inferred from the sequence and secondary structure of the mitochondrial ssu-rrna. | penicillium expansum is a fungal species highly damageable for the postharvest conservation of numerous fruits. in vineyards, this fungus is sometimes isolated from grape berries where its presence may lead to the production of geosmin, a powerful earthy odorant, which can impair grapes and wines aromas. however, the discrimination of p. expansum from related fungi is difficult because it is based on ambiguous phenotypic characters and/or expensive and time-consuming molecular tests. in this con ... | 2006 | 16935376 |
| genetic characterization and expression of the novel fungal protease, epg222 active in dry-cured meat products. | epg222 protease is a novel extracellular enzyme produced by penicillium chrysogenum (pg222) isolated from dry-cured hams that has the potential for use over a broad range of applications in industries that produce dry-cured meat products. the gene encoding epg222 protease has been identified. peptide sequences of epg222 were obtained by de novo sequencing of tryptic peptides using mass spectrometry. the corresponding gene was amplified by pcr using degenerated primers based on a combination of c ... | 2006 | 16941178 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of chemical races of the lichen pseudevernia furfuracea and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents. | the antimicrobial activity and the mic values of the ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, and acetone extracts of the chemical races of pseudevernia furfuracea (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea) and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents have been investigated against some microorganisms. nearly all extracts of both chemical races showed antimicrobial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, prote ... | 2006 | 16989308 |
| generating short-term kinetic responses of primary metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum through glucose perturbation in the bioscope mini reactor. | a first study of the in vivo kinetic properties of primary metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum is presented. dynamic metabolite data have been generated by rapidly increasing the extracellular glucose concentration of cells cultivated under well-defined conditions in an aerobic glucose-limited chemostat followed by measurement of the fast dynamic response of the primary metabolite levels (glucose pulse experiment). these experiments were carried out directly in the chemostat as well as in a mi ... | 2006 | 16807032 |
| 13c-labeled gluconate tracing as a direct and accurate method for determining the pentose phosphate pathway split ratio in penicillium chrysogenum. | in this study we developed a new method for accurately determining the pentose phosphate pathway (ppp) split ratio, an important metabolic parameter in the primary metabolism of a cell. this method is based on simultaneous feeding of unlabeled glucose and trace amounts of [u-13c]gluconate, followed by measurement of the mass isotopomers of the intracellular metabolites surrounding the 6-phosphogluconate node. the gluconate tracer method was used with a penicillin g-producing chemostat culture of ... | 2006 | 16820467 |
| rate of iodine volatilization and accumulation by filamentous fungi through laboratory cultures. | five strains of basidiomycetes (lentinula edodes, coprinus phlyctidosporus, hebeloma vinosophyllum, pleurotus ostreatus and agaricus bisporus), one strain of ascomycete (hormoconis resinae) and six strains of imperfect fungi (penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium roquefortii, cladosporium cladosporioides, alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae) were cultured in a liquid medium containing a radioactive iodine tracer ((125)i), and were tested for their abilities to volatiliz ... | 2006 | 16828143 |
| immobilization of lipase on epoxy activated (1-->3)-alpha-d-glucan isolated from penicillium chrysongenum. | a water-insoluble linear (1-->3)-alpha-d-glucan was isolated from penicillium mycelia. three kinds of epoxy-activated microspheres of this glucan were prepared as supports for candida sp. lipase (ec3.1.1.3) immobilization. the highest immobilization yield was 36.4%. the specific activity was 26.85 u/mg, and only 4.1% of activity was lost in comparison with the free enzyme used for immobilization. the higher thermal stability, storage stability, and reusability of the immobilized lipase make it a ... | 2006 | 17151459 |
| contribution of a selected fungal population to the volatile compounds on dry-cured ham. | dry-cured ham is obtained after several months of ripening. different fungi strive on the surface, including toxigenic molds. proteolysis and lipolysis by the endogenous and microbial enzymes seem to play a decisive role in the generation of flavor precursors in dry-cured meat products. in addition, fungi show a positive impact on the volatile compounds of ripened pork loins. however, the contribution of the fungal population to flavor formation in dry-cured ham remains unclear. one selected str ... | 2006 | 16564595 |
| effects of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides on the generation of reactive oxygen species in different biological systems. | use of carbohydrates as elicitors is a novel technique for enhancement of the production of industrially important microbial products. the relation between the levels of ros (reactive oxygen species) and overproduction of antibiotics in microbial cultures has already been established. in the present study, we aimed to exploit the ros response to develop a fast technique to assess the potential of oligosaccharides [oligoguluronate, oligomannuronate and mo (mannan oligosaccharides)] and polysaccha ... | 2006 | 16483254 |
| a novel aspect of nadph production in ageing penicillium chrysogenum. | nadph is involved in many basically important anabolic processes. for a long time, pentose phosphate pathway (pps) was regarded as the most important source of nadph in fungi. here we present evidence of a metabolic switch to an alternative nadph-producing pathway in ageing penicillium chrysogenum cultures, which involves nadp+ -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (nadp+ -id) rather than pps enzymes. considering the main biochemical functions of nadph, we propose that nadp+ -id could have deep imp ... | 2006 | 16646530 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from the leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum. | sesuvium portulacastrum has long been used as a remedy for fever and scurvy. hydrodistillation was used to extract the essential oil from the fresh leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum. the essential oil yield obtained was 0.15%. using gc-ms analysis, alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinene, o-cymene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-terpinene, bornyl acetate, tridecane, trans-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene were identified. the hole plate diffusion method was used for antibacterial testi ... | 2006 | 16243465 |
| amplification and disruption of the phenylacetyl-coa ligase gene of penicillium chrysogenum encoding an aryl-capping enzyme that supplies phenylacetic acid to the isopenicillin n-acyltransferase. | a gene, phl, encoding a phenylacetyl-coa ligase was cloned from a phage library of penicillium chrysogenum as-p-78. the presence of five introns in the phl gene was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-pcr. the phl gene encoded an aryl-coa ligase closely related to arabidopsis thaliana 4-coumaroyl-coa ligase. the phl protein contained most of the amino acids defining the aryl-coa (4-coumaroyl-coa) ligase substrate-specificity code and differed from acetyl-coa ligase and other acyl-coa ligases. the ... | 2006 | 16321143 |
| generation of highly purified and functionally active human th1 cells against aspergillus fumigatus. | invasive aspergillosis remains a serious complication in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (sct). since it became clear that lymphocytes provide a critical secondary defense against fungi, adoptive transfer of functionally active anti-aspergillus t cells might be an option to restore adaptive immune effector mechanisms. using the interferon (ifn)-gamma secretion assay, we isolated human activated t cells upon stimulation with a cellular extract of aspergillus fumigatus. cu ... | 2006 | 16322466 |
| pen ch 13 allergen induces secretion of mediators and degradation of occludin protein of human lung epithelial cells. | alkaline serine proteases from six prevalent airborne penicillium and aspergillus species have been identified as a group of major allergens (group 13). after entering human airways, the allergens are in initial contacts with respiratory epithelial cells. the purpose of this study is to investigate interactions between the pen ch 13 allergen from p. chrysogenum and human lung epithelial cells. | 2006 | 16436150 |
| bioactive sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of vernonia amygdalina. | phytochemical analysis of the leaves of vernonia amygdalina yielded two known sesquiterpene lactones: vernolide and vernodalol. the two compounds were tested by agar dilution method against 10 bacteria strains and 5 fungi species. both compounds exhibited a significant bactericidal activity against five gram positive bacteria while lacking efficacy against the gram negative strains. in the antifungal test, while vernolides exhibited high activity with lc(50) values of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/ml agai ... | 2006 | 16458461 |
| the major allergen of alternaria alternata (alt a 1) is expressed in other members of the pleosporaceae family. | there is general consensus regarding the scarce cross-reactivity existing between alternaria alternata and other allergenic moulds such as aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium notatum or cladosporium herbarum. however, a. alternata has been shown to have a very significant level of allergenic cross-reactivity with other fungi belonging to the pleosporaceae family. to date, no biological identity or homologies with other proteins have been described for alt a 1, and it remains unclear whether the m ... | 2006 | 16466440 |
| novel cold-adaptive penicillium strain fs010 secreting thermo-labile xylanase isolated from yellow sea. | a novel cold-adaptive xylanolytic penicillium strain fs010 was isolated from yellow sea sediments. the marine fungus grew well from 4 to 20 degrees; a lower (0 degrees) or higher (37 degrees) temperature limits its growth. the strain was identified as penicillium chrysogenum. compared with mesophilic p. chrysogenum, the cold-adaptive fungus secreted the cold-active xylanase (xyl) showing high hydrolytic activities at low temperature (2-15 degrees) and high sensitivity to high temperature (>50 de ... | 2006 | 16474906 |
| mold infestation of wet spray-applied cellulose insulation. | mold investigations were conducted in four buildings that had been insulated with wet spray-applied cellulose insulation (wsaci). bulk wsaci samples were collected and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) methods. airborne mold was evaluated using both burkard total mold spore and andersen culturable/viable sampling methods. although reportedly treated with biocidal borates, qpcr analyses indicated that elevated concentrations of mold cells (reported as spore equivalents per ... | 2006 | 16499151 |
| measurement of intracellular metabolites of primary metabolism and adenine nucleotides in chemostat cultivated penicillium chrysogenum. | an experimental platform has been developed for rapid sampling and quenching of chemostat cultivated penicillium chrysogenum broth for metabolome analysis in highly dynamic experiments, aimed at the elucidation of the in vivo kinetic properties of metabolism. the sampling and quenching protocol available from saccharomyces cerevisiae had to be modified for penicillium chrysogenum mainly because of its filamentous character. intracellular metabolites of glycolysis, tca cycle, and adenine nucleoti ... | 2006 | 16508996 |
| antimicrobial activity of glycosidase inhibitory protein isolated from cyphomandra betacea sendt. fruit. | broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of an invertase inhibitory protein (iip) isolated from cyphomandra betacea ripe fruits is documented. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values were determined by agar macrodilution and broth microdilution assays. this iip inhibited the growth of xylophagous and phytopatogenic fungi (ganoderma applanatum, schizophyllum commune, lenzites elegans, pycnoporus sanguineous, penicillium notatum, aspergillus niger, phomopsis sojae and fusarium mango) and phytop ... | 2006 | 16406143 |
| protein splicing of prp8 mini-inteins from species of the genus penicillium. | inteins are protein-intervening sequences found inside the coding region of different host proteins and are translated in-frame with them. they can self-excise through protein splicing, which ligates the host protein flanks with a peptide bond. in this study, four different species of the genus penicillium were investigated for the presence of inteins inside the conserved splicing-factor protein prp8. we identified 157 to 162 amino acid in-frame insertions in the prp8 protein of penicillium chry ... | 2006 | 16544141 |
| antifungal and antibacterial activities of araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch heartwood lignans. | five lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, eudesmin, lariciresinol, and lariciresinol-4-methyl ether) were isolated from an meoh extract from araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch wood for the first time in this species and their structures determined with spectroscopic methods. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds were determined for the bacteria citrobacter sp., bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the ... | 2006 | 16610214 |
| [the fermentation of 50 kinds of tcms by bacillus subtilis and the assay of antibacterial activities of fermented products]. | 50 traditional chinese medicines (tcms) were fermented by bacillus subtilis and the antimicrobial activities of the fermented products were assayed against mycobacterium tuberculosis and penicillium avellaneum. the results showed that some products of them had stronger antimicrobial activities, but some weaker than the corresponding raw materials, still some had no change, which indicated that microorganism and tcm can effect each other during fermentation. | 2006 | 16617786 |
| transcriptional and bioinformatic analysis of the 56.8 kb dna region amplified in tandem repeats containing the penicillin gene cluster in penicillium chrysogenum. | high penicillin-producing strains of penicillium chrysogenum contain 6-14 copies of the three clustered structural biosynthetic genes, pcbab, pcbc, and pende [barredo, j.l., díez, b., alvarez, e., martín, j.f., 1989. large amplification of a 35-kb dna fragment carrying two penicillin biosynthetic genes in high penicillin producing strains of penicillium chrysogenum. curr. genet. 16, 453-459; smith, d.j., bull, j.h., edwards, j., turner, g., 1989. amplification of the isopenicillin n synthetase g ... | 2006 | 16713314 |
| antifungal and antibacterial activities of mexican tarragon (tagetes lucida). | mexican tarragon (tagetes lucida cv. asteraceae: campanulatae) is an important, nutritious plant and an effective herbal medicine. seven coumarins, 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (4), umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) (5), scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) (7), esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) (11), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (12), herniarin (7-methoxycoumarin) (13), and scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) (14), and three flavonoids, patuletin (18), quercetin (19), and quercetagetin (20), were iso ... | 2006 | 19127719 |
| genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes from penicillium chrysogenum grown with a repressing or a non-repressing carbon source. | penicillium chrysogenum is an economically important ascomycete used as industrial producer of penicillin. however, with the exception of penicillin biosynthesis genes, little attention has been paid to the genetics of other aspects of the metabolism of this fungus. in this article we describe the first attempt of systematic analysis of expressed genes in p. chrysogenum, using a suppression subtractive hybridization approach to clone and identify sequences of genes differentially expressed in me ... | 2006 | 16362424 |
| synthesis and characterization of pseudo-affinity ligand for penicillin acylase purification. | the aim of this work was to test a chromatographic affinity support containing methacryloyl antipyrine (maap) for penicillin acylase (pa) purification by using pure penicillin acylase and crude extract. first, maap as a pseudo-specific ligand was synthesized by using methacryloyl chloride and 4-aminoantipyrine. polymer beads (average size diameter: 40-120 micro m) were prepared by suspension polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (egdma) and maap. this approach for the preparation of a ... | 2006 | 16712925 |
| [october 30, 1928, a key date in fleming's diary]. | 2006 | 17235410 | |
| a two-stage cyclone using microcentrifuge tubes for personal bioaerosol sampling. | personal aerosol samplers are widely used to monitor human exposure to airborne materials. for bioaerosols, interest is growing in analyzing samples using molecular and immunological techniques. this paper presents a personal sampler that uses a two-stage cyclone to collect bioaerosols into disposable 1.5 ml eppendorf-type microcentrifuge tubes. samples can be processed in the tubes for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or immunoassays, and the use of multiple stages fractionates aerosol particles ... | 2006 | 17075620 |
| [collagenolytic activity in several species of deuteromycetes under various storage conditions]. | the ability of deuteromycetes of the genera penicillium, aspergillus, and botrytis to retain collagenolytic activity was studied after both 2 and 10 years of storage on a czapek medium under a layer of mineral oil at 4 degrees c, as well as in silica gel granules at 20 and -60 degrees c. the enzymatic activity of several species, including botrytis terrestris, penicillium janthinellum, penicillium chrysogenum, and penicillium citrinum, was retained under both conditions of storage. aspergillus r ... | 2006 | 17022462 |
| seasonal distribution of alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium and penicillium species isolated in homes of fungal allergic patients. | allergy to airborne fungi can cause rhinitis and severe asthma, hence the exposure to spores inside home is an important factor of sensitization. the aim of this study was to determine the distribution and prevalence of species of alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium and penicillium inside and outside of homes of patients allergic to fungi and to evaluate seasonal variations. | 2006 | 17153883 |
| genome physical mapping from large-insert clones by fingerprint analysis with capillary electrophoresis: a robust physical map of penicillium chrysogenum. | physical mapping with large-insert clones is becoming an active area of genomics research, and capillary electrophoresis (ce) promises to revolutionize the physical mapping technology. here, we demonstrate the utility of the ce technology for genome physical mapping with large-insert clones by constructing a robust, binary bacterial artificial chromosome (bibac)-based physical map of penicillium chrysogenum. we fingerprinted 23.1x coverage bibac clones with five restriction enzymes and the snaps ... | 2005 | 15767275 |
| steroids' transformations in penicillium notatum culture. | the application of penicillium notatum genus for biotransformations of steroids has been investigated. the reactions observed include insertion of an oxygen atom into d-ring of steroids, 15alpha-hydroxylation of 17alpha-methyl testosterone derivatives, ester bond hydrolysis, and degradation of a testosterone derivatives side chain. microbial production of testolactones, the biologically active compounds, was also achieved using this strain in up to 98% yield. | 2005 | 15763598 |
| an approach to prevent aggregation during the purification and crystallization of wild type acyl coenzyme a: isopenicillin n acyltransferase from penicillium chrysogenum. | acyl coenzyme a: isopenicillin n acyltransferase (at) from penicillium chrysogenum is an enzyme of interest for the biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. severe aggregation problems with wild type at have, however, prevented significant progress in the structure-function analysis of this enzyme for a decade. in this study, we show an approach to solve this aggregation problem by using dynamic light scattering (dls) analysis to probe the aggregation state of the protein in the presence of vari ... | 2005 | 15802222 |
| cultivation conditions and properties of extracellular crude lipase from the psychrotrophic fungus penicillium chrysogenum 9'. | among 97 fungal strains isolated from soil collected in the arctic tundra (spitsbergen), penicillium chrysogenum 9' was found to be the best lipase producer. the maximum lipase activity was 68 units ml(-1) culture medium on the fifth day of incubation at ph 6.0 and 20 degrees c. therefore, p. chrysogenum 9' was classified as a psychrotrophic microorganism. the non-specific extracellular lipase showed a maximum activity at 30 degrees c and ph 5.0 for natural oils or at ph 7.0 for synthetic substr ... | 2005 | 15895263 |
| sensitivity of different zygomycetes to the penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein (paf). | the effects of the penicillium. chrysogenum low molecular mass antifungal protein (paf) on selected fungal species belonging in the zygomycetes were investigated. a total of 21 fungal isolates from 15 different genera (absidia, actinomucor, cokeromyces, gilbertella, micromucor, mortierella, mucor, mycotypha, rhizomucor, rhizopus, saksenaea, syncephalastrum, thamnostylum, umbelopsis and zygorhynchus) were tested. the inhibitory potentials of paf at 50 microg ml(-1) on the germination of the spora ... | 2005 | 15812858 |
| secretion systems for secondary metabolites: how producer cells send out messages of intercellular communication. | many secondary metabolites (e.g. antibiotics and mycotoxins) are toxic to the microorganisms that produce them. the clusters of genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites frequently contain genes for resistance to these toxic metabolites, such as different types of multiple drug resistance systems, to avoid suicide of the producer strains. recently there has been research into the efflux systems of secondary metabolites in bacteria and in filamentous fungi, such as ... | 2005 | 15939351 |
| intestinal invasion and disseminated disease associated with penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillium sp., other than p. marneffei, is an unusual cause of invasive disease. these organisms are often identified in immunosuppressed patients, either due to human immunodeficiency virus or from immunosuppressant medications post-transplantation. they are a rarely identified cause of infection in immunocompetent hosts. | 2005 | 16371150 |
| occurrence of mycotoxin in farro samples from southern italy. | the occurrence of nine mycotoxins and of contamination by pre- and postharvest fungal pathogens of cereals was investigated in samples of stored triticum monococcum l., triticum dicoccon schrank (emmer), and triticum spelta l. (spelt). in italy, all three species are collectively referred to as farro. the samples examined were harvested in summer 2000 from eight different sites in southern italy. conventional fluorimetric and diode array-based high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analys ... | 2005 | 15726990 |
| general characterization of noncommercial microbial lipases in hydrolytic and synthetic reactions. | fourteen noncommercial preparations of microbial lipases were investigated with respect to their catalytic activity for hydrolysis and synthesis of ester bonds. six of the lipases were derived from microorganisms that have not previously been described as lipase producers, and another four were characterized for the first time. the synthetic reactions were carried out in two solvents of different polarities (n-heptane and acetone) using a series of fatty acids and primary and secondary alcohols ... | 2005 | 15767695 |
| why did the fleming strain fail in penicillin industry? | penicillin, discovered 75 years ago by sir alexander fleming in penicillium notatum, laid the foundations of modern antibiotic chemotherapy. early work was carried out on the original fleming strain, but it was later replaced by overproducing strains of penicillium chrysogenum, which became the industrial penicillin producers. we show how a c(1357)-->t (a394v) change in the gene encoding paha in p. chrysogenum may help to explain the drawback of p. notatum. paha is a cytochrome p450 enzyme invol ... | 2005 | 15809010 |
| favolon b, a new triterpenoid isolated from the chilean mycena sp. strain 96180. | a new biologically active triterpenoid, favolon b (1), was isolated from fermentation broths of mycena sp. strain 96180. favolon b showed antifungal activities towards botrytis cinerea, mucor miehei, paecilomyces variotii and penicillium notatum. no activities were observed against bacteria and yeasts. the structure of favolon b was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. | 2005 | 15813182 |
| production and properties of alpha-amylase from penicillium chrysogenum and its application in starch hydrolysis. | fungi were screened for their ability to produce alpha-amylase by a plate culture method. penicillium chrysogenum showed high enzymatic activity. alpha-amylase production by p. chrysogenum cultivated in liquid media containing maltose (2%) reached its maximum at 6-8 days, at 30 degrees c, with a level of 155 u ml(-1). some general properties of the enzyme were investigated. the optimum reaction ph and temperature were 5.0 and 30-40 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme was stable at a ph range fro ... | 2005 | 15881598 |
| virulence of fungal spores determined by tracheal inoculation of goats following inhalation of aerosolized sterile feedyard dust. | to compare the virulence of spores of 7 fungi by tracheal inoculation of goats following exposure of goats to an aerosol of sterilized feedyard dust. animals-54 weanling boer-spanish goats. | 2005 | 15900941 |
| antifungal protein paf severely affects the integrity of the plasma membrane of aspergillus nidulans and induces an apoptosis-like phenotype. | the small, basic, and cysteine-rich antifungal protein paf is abundantly secreted into the supernatant by the beta-lactam producer penicillium chrysogenum. paf inhibits the growth of various important plant and zoopathogenic filamentous fungi. previous studies revealed the active internalization of the antifungal protein and the induction of multifactorial detrimental effects, which finally resulted in morphological changes and growth inhibition in target fungi. in the present study, we offer de ... | 2005 | 15917545 |
| double blind placebo controlled exposure to molds: exposure system and clinical results. | the objective was to develop an experimental setup for human exposure to mold spores, and to study the clinical effect of this exposure in sensitive subjects who had previously experienced potentially building-related symptoms (brs) at work. from three water-damaged schools eight employees with a positive histamine release test to penicillium chrysogenum were exposed double- blinded to either placebo, approximately 600,000 spores/m3 air of p. chrysogenum or approximately 350,000 spores/m3 of tri ... | 2005 | 15926947 |
| characterization of pei-modified biomass and biosorption of cu(ii), pb(ii) and ni(ii). | the objective of this work is to develop a surface-modified biosorbent with enhanced sorption capacity for heavy metal ions. the biomass of penicillium chrysogenum was modified with polyethylenimine (pei) and then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. the crosslinked pei was chemically bonded on the biomass surface through the amine and carboxylate groups on the pristine biomass. the presence of the amine group was confirmed by x-ray photon spectroscopy (xps) and fourier transform infrared (ftir) ana ... | 2005 | 15927227 |
| evolution of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes and recruitment of trans-acting factors. | penicillins and cephalosporins belong chemically to the group of beta-lactam antibiotics. the formation of hydrophobic penicillins has been reported in fungi only, notably penicillium chrysogenum and emericella nidulans, whereas the hydrophilic cephalosporins are produced by both fungi, e.g., acremonium chrysogenum (cephalosporin c), and bacteria. the producing bacteria include gram-negatives and gram-positives, e.g. lysobacter lactamdurans (cephabacins) and streptomyces clavuligerus (cephamycin ... | 2005 | 15950251 |
| fungal biomass with grafted poly(acrylic acid) for enhancement of cu(ii) and cd(ii) biosorption. | the biomass of penicillium chrysogenum was modified by graft polymerization of acrylic acid (aac) on the surface of ozone-pretreated biomass. the sorption capacity for copper and cadmium increased significantly as a large number of carboxyl groups were present on the biomass surface, especially when the carboxylic acid group was converted to carboxylate ions using naoh. when modeled using the langmuir isotherm, the sorption capacities were 1.70 and 1.87 mmol g(-1) for copper and cadmium, respect ... | 2005 | 15952845 |
| modeling the effect of ethanol vapor on the germination time of penicillium chrysogenum. | the influence of ethanol vapor on germination of penicillium chrysogenum was determined on yeast nitrogen base plus glucose agar medium at 25 degrees c. ethanol vapors were generated by 0 to 6% (wt/wt) ethanol solutions at the bottom of hermetically closed petri dishes. the logistic equation was used to describe the data as the percentage of germination versus time and to estimate the germination time. the effect of ethanol concentration on germination time was described by a new reparameterized ... | 2005 | 15954708 |
| effect of herbizid and touchdown herbicides on soil fungi and on production of some extracellular enzymes. | glucophilic and cellulose-decomposing fungi were significantly reduced in soil samples treated with 0.019-0.152 mg a.i./kg soil of the herbicides herbizid and touchdown. the decrease was regularly correlated with the doses of the two herbicides and persisted till the end of the experiment (12 weeks). the isolated fungi were found to be able to produce hydrolytic extracellular enzymes in solid media but with variable capabilities. the ability to produce enzymes was adversily affected by the incor ... | 2005 | 15957238 |
| sorbicillin analogues and related dimeric compounds from penicillium notatum. | in our screening of microorganisms for new natural products, the fungus penicillium notatum delivered further members of the sorbicillin family, namely, the sohirnones a [3, 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)hex-4-en-1-one], b [4a, 1-(2,4,5-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethylphenyl)hexa-2,4-dien-1-one], and c [5, 1-(2,4,5-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethylphenyl)hex-4-en-1-one]. a stable tautomer of oxosorbicillinol (7) was characterized as 6, and the recently described 7-deacetoxyyanuthone (8) was reisolated. the addit ... | 2005 | 15974609 |
| microfungi in cultivated fields in eskişehir provience (turkey). | the soil microfungi flora was investigated in four locations of eskişehir (turkey). 56 soil samples were seasonaly collected from 14 stations in the areas of karacahöyük, bahçecik, ogu i, and ogu ii. a total of 110 species belonging to 32 genera were encountered including absidia, acremonium, alternaria, aspergillus, beauveria, botryoderma, chaetomium, chrysosporium, cladosporium, eupenicillium, eurotium, fusarium, geotrichum, gliocladium, gonytrichum, metarrhizium, mucor, myrothecium, paecilomy ... | 2005 | 16028200 |
| lysine is catabolized to 2-aminoadipic acid in penicillium chrysogenum by an omega-aminotransferase and to saccharopine by a lysine 2-ketoglutarate reductase. characterization of the omega-aminotransferase. | the biosynthesis and catabolism of lysine in penicillium chrysogenum is of great interest because these pathways provide 2-aminoadipic acid, a precursor of the tripeptide delta-l-2-aminoadipyl-l-cysteinyl-d-valine that is an intermediate in penicillin biosynthesis. in vivo conversion of labelled l-lysine into two different intermediates was demonstrated by hplc analysis of the intracellular amino acid pool. l-lysine is catabolized to 2-aminoadipic acid by an omega-aminotransferase and to sacchar ... | 2005 | 16049680 |
| hemolysin chrysolysin from penicillium chrysogenum promotes inflammatory response. | some strains of penicillium chrysogenum produce a proteinaceous hemolysin, chrysolysintm, when incubated on sheep's blood agar at 37 degrees c but not at 23 degrees c. however, 92% (11/12) of the indoor air isolates produced hemolysis but only 43% (3/7) of the non-indoor air isolates did so. chrysolysin is an aggregating protein composed of approximately 2kda monomers, contains one cysteine amino acid, and has an isoelectric point of 4.85. treatment of murine macrophage cell line raw 264.7 with ... | 2005 | 16078642 |
| effect of chlorine dioxide gas on fungi and mycotoxins associated with sick building syndrome. | the growth of indoor molds and their resulting products (e.g., spores and mycotoxins) can present health hazards for human beings. the efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas as a fumigation treatment for inactivating sick building syndrome-related fungi and their mycotoxins was evaluated. filter papers (15 per organism) featuring growth of stachybotrys chartarum, chaetomium globosum, penicillium chrysogenum, and cladosporium cladosporioides were placed in gas chambers containing chlorine dioxide gas a ... | 2005 | 16151130 |
| characterization of the oat1 gene of penicillium chrysogenum encoding an omega-aminotransferase: induction by l-lysine, l-ornithine and l-arginine and repression by ammonium. | the penicillium chrysogenum oat1 gene, which encodes a class iii omega-aminotransferase, was cloned and characterized. this enzyme converts lysine into 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde, and plays an important role in the biosynthesis of 2-aminoadipic acid, a precursor of penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. the enzyme is related to ornithine-5-aminotransferases and to the lysine-6-aminotransferases encoded by the lat genes found in bacterial cephamycin gene clusters. expression of oat1 is ind ... | 2005 | 16163487 |
| synthesis of penicillium chrysogenum acetyl-coa:isopenicillin n acyltransferase in hansenula polymorpha: first step towards the introduction of a new metabolic pathway. | the enzyme acetyl-coa:isopenicillin n acyltransferase (iat) is a peroxisomal enzyme that mediates the final step of penicillin biosynthesis in the filamentous fungi penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus nidulans. however, the precise role of peroxisomes in penicillin biosynthesis is still not clear. to be able to use the power of yeast genetics to solve the function of peroxisomes in penicillin biosynthesis, we introduced iat in the yeast hansenula polymorpha. to this purpose, the p. chrysogen ... | 2005 | 16169289 |
| immunoglobulin g antibodies against environmental moulds in a norwegian healthy population shows a bimodal distribution for aspergillus versicolor. | immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against moulds related to indoor dampness problems are used as biomarkers to indicate exposure. in the present study, we evaluated the frequency of mould exposure in an adult healthy population by examining levels of mould-specific igg antibodies in norwegian blood donors. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 106 blood donor sera were analyzed for igg antibodies to aspergillus versicolor, penicillium chrysogenum, cladosporium herbarum, stachybotrys chartarum ... | 2005 | 16179015 |
| polyethylenimine-modified fungal biomass as a high-capacity biosorbent for cr(vi) anions: sorption capacity and uptake mechanisms. | heavy metal pollution in the aqueous environment is a problem of global concern. biosorption has been considered as a promising technology for the removal of low levels of toxic metals from industrial effluents and natural waters. a modified fungal biomass of penicillium chrysogenum with positive surface charges was prepared by grafting polyethylenimine (pei) onto the biomass surface in a two-step reaction. the presence of pei on the biomass surface was verified by ftir and x-ray photoelectron s ... | 2005 | 16294892 |
| dose-dependent allergic responses to an extract of penicillium chrysogenum in balb/c mice. | indoor mold has been associated with the development of allergic asthma. penicillium chrysogenum, a common indoor mold, is known to have several allergens and can induce allergic responses in a mouse model of allergic penicilliosis. our hypothesis is that soluble components of p. chrysogenum (pce) can dose-dependently induce responses typical of allergic asthma in balb/c mice. mice were exposed to 10, 20, 50, or 70 microg of pce by involuntary aspiration four times over a 4-week period. serum an ... | 2005 | 15725516 |
| enumeration and detection of aerosolized aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium chrysogenum conidia and hyphae using a novel double immunostaining technique. | the identification of collected airborne unicellular fungal conidia and hyphae using nonviable techniques is subjective and an imprecise process. similarly, to determine whether an individual is allergic to a particular genus requires a separate immunodiagnostic analysis. this study demonstrates the development of a novel double immunostaining halogen assay, which enables (1) the simultaneous identification of collected airborne fungal conidia and hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium ... | 2005 | 16280129 |
| nonpathogenic, environmental fungi induce activation and degranulation of human eosinophils. | eosinophils and their products are probably important in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, such as bronchial asthma, and in host immunity to certain organisms. an association between environmental fungal exposure and asthma has been long recognized clinically. although products of microorganisms (e.g., lipopolysaccharides) directly activate certain inflammatory cells (e.g., macrophages), the mechanism(s) that triggers eosinophil degranulation is unknown. in this study we investigated whe ... | 2005 | 16210651 |
| assessment of anthracene toxicity toward environmental eukaryotic microorganisms: tetrahymena pyriformis and selected micromycetes. | the toxicity of anthracene, a nonmutagenic, noncarcinogenic, low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon present in the environment, was assessed using a ciliated protozoan, tetrahymena pyriformis, and a selection of 10 micromycetes from different taxonomic groups living in two environmental compartments, namely aquatic and soil ecosystems. with t. pyriformis, a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect was shown on the cell proliferation rate, ic(50) = 33.40+/-4.84 mg/l (kinetic method ... | 2005 | 15482845 |
| the naga gene of penicillium chrysogenum encoding beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase. | we purified the beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum and its n-terminal sequence was determined, showing the presence of a mixture of two proteins (p1 and p2). a genomic dna fragment was cloned by using degenerated oligonucleotides from the nt sequences. the nucleotide sequence showed the presence of an orf (naga gene) lacking introns, with a length of 1791 bp, and coding for a protein of 66.5 kda showing similarity to acetylglucosaminidases. the naga ... | 2005 | 15621446 |
| proper folding of the antifungal protein paf is required for optimal activity. | the penicillium chrysogenumantifungal protein paf is secreted into the supernatant after elimination of a preprosequence. paf is actively internalized into the hyphae of sensitive molds and provokes growth retardation as well as changes in morphology. thus far, no information is available on the exact mode of action of paf, nor on the function of its prosequence in protein activity. therefore, we sought to investigate the effects of secreted paf as well as of intracellularly retained pro-paf and ... | 2005 | 15636746 |
| new insights into the target site and mode of action of the antifungal protein of aspergillus giganteus. | the antifungal protein (afp) secreted by aspergillus giganteus exerts growth inhibitory effects on various filamentous fungi. in order to obtain more information on the mode of action of afp, we used transmission electron microscopy in this study to compare the cellular ultrastructure of the afp-sensitive aspergillus niger and of the afp-resistant penicillium chrysogenum upon afp treatment. furthermore, afp was localized by immunogold staining in both fungi. severe membrane alterations in a. nig ... | 2005 | 15636747 |
| allergens of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. | background: beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus currently under development as a bio-control agent for a variety of insect pests. although reported to be non-toxic to vertebrates, the potential allergenicity of beauveria species has not been widely studied. methods: ige-reactivity studies were performed using sera from patients displaying mould hypersensitivity by immunoblot and immunoblot inhibition. skin reactivity to b. bassiana extracts was measured using intradermal s ... | 2005 | 15644142 |
| modelling the effect of ethanol on growth rate of food spoilage moulds. | the effect of ethanol (e) on the radial growth rate (mu) of food spoilage moulds (aspergillus candidus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, cladosporium cladosporioides, eurotium herbariorum, mucor circinelloides, mucor racemosus, paecilomyces variotii, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium digitatum, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum) was assessed in potato dextrose agar (pda) medium at a(w) 0.99, 25 degrees c. in order to model this effect, the monod type equation described previousl ... | 2005 | 15698687 |
| the penicillium chrysogenum-derived antifungal peptide shows no toxic effects on mammalian cells in the intended therapeutic concentration. | certain filamentous fungi, such as the penicillin-producing strain penicillium chrysogenum, secrete small, highly basic and cysteine-rich proteins with antifungal effects. affected fungi include a number of important zoopathogens, including those infecting humans. recent studies, however, have pointed to a membrane-perturbing effect of these antifungal compounds, apparent as a potassium efflux from affected fungal cells. if present on mammalian cells, this would severely hinder the potential the ... | 2005 | 15702351 |
| effect of two systemic fungicides on cellulose decomposing fungi of tomato plants and on some enzymatic activities. | kocide 101 (77% cupric hydroxide) and ridomil plus (15% metalaxyl and 35% copper oxychloride) were used in the treatment of tomato plants. the two fungicides exerted a depressive effect on the total counts and on the individual cellulose decomposing fungal species associated with the roots and shoots of tomato. when these fungicides were incorporated in the liquid culture medium specified for growth and extracellular enzyme production by some selected fungal species, there was a significant redu ... | 2004 | 15704330 |
| regulation of penicillin biosynthesis in filamentous fungi. | the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin is one of the mainly used antibiotics for the therapy of infectious diseases. it is produced as end product by some filamentous fungi only, most notably by aspergillus (emericella) nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum. the penicillin biosynthesis is catalysed by three enzymes which are encoded by the following three genes: acva (pcbab), ipna (pcbc) and aata (pende). the genes are organised into a gene cluster. although the production of secondary metabolites ... | 2004 | 15719552 |
| molecular and structural analysis of immunoglobulin e-binding epitopes of pen ch 13, an alkaline serine protease major allergen from penicillium chrysogenum. | through proteomic and genomic approaches we have previously identified and characterized an alkaline serine protease that is a major allergen (88% frequency of ige binding) of penicillium chrysogenum (pen ch 13). | 2004 | 15663570 |
| antibiotics in the chemical communication of fungi. | in dual cultures oudemansiella mucida and xerula melanotricha (basidiomycetes) react to the presence of living penicillium notatum or p. turbatum with an increased production of strobilurin a (1) or x (2). p. notatum in turn reacts to the two basidiomycetes or their antibiotic strobilurin a alone with the production of n-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-2-aminobenzoic acid amide (3) or chrysogine (4). p. melinii and p. urticae overgrow o. mucida due to complete resistance to strobilurin a. p. brevicompactum ... | 2004 | 15666540 |
| cherry chlorotic rusty spot and amasya cherry diseases are associated with a complex pattern of mycoviral-like double-stranded rnas. i. characterization of a new species in the genus chrysovirus. | cherry chlorotic rusty spot (ccrs) and amasya cherry disease (acd) display similar symptoms and are associated with a series of dsrnas. however, a direct comparison has been lacking. here, a side-by-side analysis confirmed that both diseases were symptomatologically very similar, as were the number (10-12) and size of their associated dsrnas. sequence determination of four of these dsrnas revealed that they were essentially identical for ccrs and acd. the largest (3399 bp), which potentially enc ... | 2004 | 15483256 |
| survival and growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 in roast beef and salami after exposure to an alkaline cleaner. | survival and growth of wild-type (edl 933) and rpos-deficient (frik 816-3) strains of escherichia coli o157:h7 after exposure to an alkaline cleaner for 2 min and inoculating into roast beef (ph 6.3) and hard salami (ph 4.9) at low (0.003 to 0.52 cfu/g) and high (0.69 to 31.5 cfu/g) populations were determined. roast beef was stored at 4 and 12 degrees c; salami was stored at 4, 12, and 20 degrees c. at 4 degrees c, untreated cells of both strains showed greater reductions in populations in sala ... | 2004 | 15508618 |
| rapid identification of microbial vocs from tobacco molds using closed-loop stripping and gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | several microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) that can serve as potential chemical markers for microbial contamination in tobacco have been identified. four different fungal species, aspergillus niger (an), a. ornatus (ao), pencillium chrysogenum (pc) and rhizopus stolonifer (rs), commonly reported in moldy tobacco were cultured and screened for mvocs. because the mvocs emitted by a microbial species are substrate specific, the fungal strains were separately grown on potato dextrose agar ... | 2004 | 15517467 |