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Alternative routes of acetyl-CoA synthesis identified by comparative genomic analysis: involvement in the lipid production of oleaginous yeast and fungi.For a bio-based economy, microbial lipids offer a potential solution as alternative feedstocks in the oleochemical industry. The existing genome data for the promising strains, oleaginous yeasts and fungi, allowed us to investigate candidate orthologous sequences that participate in their oleaginicity. Comparative genome analysis of the non-oleaginous (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Ashbya gossypii) and oleaginous strains (Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae ...201222016567
Effect of steam explosion and microbial fermentation on cellulose and lignin degradation of corn stover.In order to increase nutrient values of corn stover, effects of steam explosion (2.5MPa, 200s) and Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) fermentation on cellulose and lignin degradation were studied. The results showed the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the exploded corn stover were 8.47%, 50.45% and 36.65% lower than that in the untreated one, respectively (P<0.05). The contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in the exploded and fermented corn stover (EFCS) were decreased by 24.36% ...201222104102
cloning and characterization of a gene coding for a major extracellular chitosanase from the koji mold aspergillus oryzae.a gene coding for a major extracellular chitosanase was isolated from aspergillus oryzae iam2660. it had a multi-domain structure composed of a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, thr- and pro-rich linkers, and repeated peptides (the r3 domain) from the n-terminus. the r3 domain bound to insoluble powder chitosan, but it did not promote the hydrolysis rate of the chitosanase to any extent.201222232262
identification and characterization of useful fungi with α-amylase activity from the korean traditional nuruk.the objective of this study was to find useful fungi with α-amylase activity from the korean traditional nuruk for the quality of traditional korean alcoholic beverage. in this study, 165 samples of traditional nuruk were collected from 170 regions throughout korea and the fungi were isolated to a total of 384 strains. in order to investigate the effect of microflora on nuruk, α-amylase activity, saccharogenic power (sp), starch hydrolysis activity and acid producing activity were evaluated. ten ...201122783116
effects of different fermented soy protein and apparent ileal digestible lysine levels on weaning pigs fed fermented soy protein-amended diets.two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different fermented soybean proteins and the apparent ileal digestible lysine levels on weaning pigs fed fermented soy protein (fsp)-amended diets. in exp. 1, 70 crossed piglets (6.25 ± 0.40 kg) were used in a 5-week trial to evaluate two different fsp. in exp. 2, 20 weaning barrows (6.15 ± 0.45 kg) were used in a metabolism trial to determine the effects of the apparent ileal digestible (1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5%) lysine levels in weaning pi ...201122574792
simultaneous enhancement of free isoflavone content and antioxidant potential of soybean by fermentation with aspergillus oryzae.in order to determine the fungal strain and fermentation period which produce the highest antioxidant activity of fermented soy product, soybean was fermented with aspergillus oryzae nl 5 isolated from korean traditional meju produced in sunchang yeastopia land in korea, and was subjected to analyzing isoflavone profiles and assaying antioxidant activity. antioxidant potential of the samples was evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, 2,2'-azinobis (2-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic ...201122417591
gc-ms based metabolomics for rapid simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella muenchen, and salmonella hartford in ground beef and chicken.a metabolomic-based method for rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella hartford, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella muenchen in nonselective media was developed. all pathogenic bacteria were grown in tryptic soy broth (tsb) at 37 °c followed by metabolite quantification at 2-h intervals for 24 h. results were compared with the metabolite profiles similarly obtained with e. coli k12, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, saccharomyces cereviseae, and aspergillus oryza ...201122417363
[influence of aflatoxin on vibrio fischeri luminescence].in the present study, we aim to evaluate the inhibitory effect of aflatoxin on vibrio fischeri luminescence.201122379809
synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae using partially dissolved and supersaturated solution of lactose.the effect of enzyme to substrate ratio, initial lactose concentration and temperature has been studied for the kinetically controlled reaction of lactose transgalactosylation with aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase, to produce prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (gos). enzyme to substrate ratio had no significant effect on maximum yield and specific productivity. galacto-oligosaccharide syntheses at very high lactose concentrations (40, 50 and 60%, w/w, lactose monohydrate) were evaluated at dif ...201122305174
multifunctions of melb, a fungal tyrosinase from aspergillus oryzae.the pro form of melb tyrosinase from the melb gene of aspergillus oryzae was over-produced from e. coli and formed a homodimer that exhibited the spectral features of met-tyrosinase. in the presence of nh(2)oh (reductant), the proenzyme bound dioxygen to give a stable (μ-η(2):η(2) -peroxo)dicopper(ii) species (oxy form), thus indicating that the pro form tyrosinase can function as an oxygen carrier or storage protein like hemocyanin. the pro form tyrosinase itself showed no catalytic activity to ...201122213164
Comparison of covalent immobilization of amylase on polystyrene pellets with pentaethylenehexamine and pentaethylene glycol spacers.a-Amylase from Aspergillus oryzae was covalently immobilized onto polystyrene pellets with pentaethylenehexamine (PS-PEHA-Ald) and pentaethylene glycol (PS-PG-Ald) carrying a terminal aldehyde group. Optimum immobilization occured at pH 8.0 and 25 °C, and at pH 7.0 and 35 °C for PS-PEHA-Ald and PS-PG-Ald, respectively. PS-PEHA-Ald immobilized enzyme retained approximately 75% of the initial activity over 45 days of storage, 70% of the initial activity after nine runs of recycling and displayed t ...201121868216
aspergillus oryzae laea regulates kojic acid synthesis genes.kojic acid synthesis genes regulation was investigated in aspergillus oryzae. our results indicate that kojic acid production was lost in the laea disruption strain, but was recovered in the laea complement strain. real-time pcr also confirmed that expression of kojic acid biosynthesis genes decreased in the laea disruption strain, indicating that these genes are under the control of laea.201121897021
rational domain swaps decipher programming in fungal highly reducing polyketide synthases and resurrect an extinct metabolite.the mechanism of programming of iterative highly reducing polyketide synthases remains one of the key unsolved problems of secondary metabolism. we conducted rational domain swaps between the polyketide synthases encoding the biosynthesis of the closely related compounds tenellin and desmethylbassianin. expression of the hybrid synthetases in aspergillus oryzae led to the production of reprogrammed compounds in which the changes to the methylation pattern and chain length could be mapped to the ...201121899331
enzymatic properties of the glycine d-alanine aminopeptidase of aspergillus oryzae and its activity profiles in liquid-cultured mycelia and solid-state rice culture (rice koji).the gdaa gene encoding s12 family glycine-d: -alanine aminopeptidase (gdaa) was found in the industrial fungus aspergillus oryzae. gdaa shares 43% amino acid sequence identity with the d: -aminopeptidase of the gram-negative bacterium ochrobactrum anthropi. gdaa purified from an a. oryzae gdaa-overexpressing strain exhibited high d: -stereospecificity and efficiently released n-terminal glycine and d: -alanine of substrates in a highly specific manner. the optimum ph and temperature were 8 to 9 ...201122005737
Functional analysis of the cyclopiazonic acid biosynthesis gene cluster in Aspergillus oryzae RIB 40.The cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) nonproducing strain, Aspergillus oryzae RIB 40, does not biosynthesize cyclo-acetoacetyl-L-tryptophan (cAATrp) due to a truncation in the responsible PKS-NRPS gene. We found that RIB 40 converted cAATrp to 2-oxocyclopiazonic acid, the final product of CPA biosynthesis in A. oryzae. This indicates that the CPA biosynthesis gene cluster, except for the PKS-NRPS gene, is functional in RIB 40.201122056451
[homology modeling and molecular docking of xylitol dehydrogenase from aspergillus oryzae].we investigated the structure model and function of xylitol dehydrogenase from aspergillus oryzae.201122043796
Species identification of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucorales with direct surface analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Accurate species discrimination of filamentous fungi is essential, because some species have specific antifungal susceptibility patterns, and misidentification may result in inappropriate therapy. We evaluated matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for species identification through direct surface analysis of the fungal culture. By use of culture collection strains representing 55 species of Aspergillus, Fusariu ...201121883662
in silico characterization of alkaline proteases from different species of aspergillus.a total of 49 protein sequences of alkaline proteases retrieved from genbank representing different species of aspergillus have been characterized for various physiochemical properties, homology search, multiple sequence alignment, motif, and super family search and phylogenetic tree construction. the sequence level homology was obtained among different groups of alkaline protease enzymes, viz alkaline serine protease, oryzin, calpain-like protease, serine protease, subtilisin-like alkaline prot ...201122072140
erratum to: enzymatic properties of the glycine d: -alanine aminopeptidase of aspergillus oryzae and its activity profiles in liquid-cultured mycelia and solid-state rice culture (rice koji). 201122120619
Disruption of Trichoderma reesei cre2, encoding an ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase, results in increased cellulase activity.ABSTRACT:201122070776
identification and modulation of the key amino acid residue responsible for the ph sensitivity of neoculin, a taste-modifying protein.neoculin occurring in the tropical fruit of curculigo latifolia is currently the only protein that possesses both a sweet taste and a taste-modifying activity of converting sourness into sweetness. structurally, this protein is a heterodimer consisting of a neoculin acidic subunit (nas) and a neoculin basic subunit (nbs). recently, we found that a neoculin variant in which all five histidine residues are replaced with alanine elicits intense sweetness at both neutral and acidic ph but has no tas ...201121559382
septum-directed secretion in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.although exocytosis in fungal cells takes place at hyphal tips, there also seems a line of circumstantial evidence suggesting the occurrence of exocytosis at other sites of cells, such as septa. to investigate whether exocytosis takes place at fungal septa, we monitored dynamics of egfp-fused α-amylase (amyb-egfp), the representative secretory enzyme of the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. we found that amyb-egfp accumulates in spitzenkörper at hyphal tips as well as septal periplasm betwe ...201121564341
high cell-density expression system: a novel method for extracellular production of "difficult-to-express" proteins.yeast's extracellular expression provides a cost-efficient means of producing industrially useful recombinant proteins. however, depending on the protein to be expressed, the production results in a poor yield, which is occasionally accompanied with loss of the expression plasmid and hence hampered growth of the host in the inducing medium. here we propose an alternative approach, high cell-density expression, to improve the yield of a certain range of so-called difficult-to-express proteins. in ...201122079042
Hyper active a-amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae IFO 30103 in a new bioreactor.Aims: To improve the a-amylase production in solid-state fermentation (SSF) condition utilizing a new bioreactor (NB) system. Methods and Results: In NB system, 20 g wheat bran moistened with liquid medium in 1:1 ratio (w/v) was taken on the tray present inside the upper vessel and an additional 80 ml medium was supplemented into the lower vessel. Oxygen uptake rate was improved by supplying compressed air which lifted the liquid medium into the upper vessel and touched the substrate bed. This ...201122085311
synergistic antimicrobial activities of natural essential oils with chitosan films.the synergistic antimicrobial activities of three natural essential oils (i.e., clove bud oil, cinnamon oil, and star anise oil) with chitosan films were investigated. cinnamon oil had the best antimicrobial activity among three oils against escherichia coli , staphylococcus aureus , aspergillus oryzae , and penicillium digitatum . the chitosan solution exhibited good inhibitory effects on the above bacteria except the fungi, whereas chitosan film had no remarkable antimicrobial activity. th ...201122034912
heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of novel pyranose 2-oxidases from the ascomycetes aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus oryzae.a gene encoding a pyranose 2-oxidase (pox; pyranose/oxygen 2-oxidoreductase; glucose 2-oxidase; ec 1.1.3.10) was identified in the genome of the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans. attempts to isolate pox directly from a. nidulans cultures or to homologously overexpress the native pox (under control of the constitutive gpda promoter) in a. nidulans were unsuccessful. cdna encoding pox was synthesized from mrna and expressed in escherichia coli, and the enzyme was subsequently purified and character ...201121968652
Specificity of carboxypeptidases from Actinomucor elegans and their debittering effect on soybean protein hydrolysates.The specificities of carboxypeptidases from Actinomucor elegans were investigated by determining enzymatic activities at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 with 16 Z-dipeptides and three Z-tripeptides as substrates. The debittering effect was evaluated and the free amino acid compositions of the soybean protein hydrolysates were analyzed before and after treatment with A. elegans extract at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0, with carboxypeptidases from Aspergillus oryzae as control. The results of the enzyme activity determinat ...201121858525
Development of fluorescent probes for the detection of fucosylated N-glycans using an Aspergillus oryzae lectin.The a(1,6)-fucose attached to the core N-glycan (core fucose) of glycoproteins has been known to play essential roles in various pathophysiological events, including oncogenesis and metastasis. Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) encoded by the fleA gene has been reported to bind to N-glycans containing core fucose. The fleA gene encoding AOL was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector and then fused with genes of fluorescent proteins for production of fusion proteins. The resulting FleA-f ...201121892597
Effects of fermented brown rice on the intestinal environments in healthy adult.The aim of this study is to investigate the prebiotic effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) on the intestinal environment in vitro and in healthy adults.201121921425
lack of endoplasmic reticulum 1,2-α-mannosidase activity that trims n-glycan man(9)glcnac(2) to man(8)glcnac(2) isomer b in a mane gene disruptant of aspergillus oryzae.the gene mane, encoding a probable class i endoplasmic reticulum 1,2-α-mannosidases (er-man), was identified from the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae due to similarity to orthologs. it removes a single mannose residue from man(9)glcnac(2), generating man(8)glcnac(2) isomer b. disruption of mane caused drastic decreases in er-man activity in a. oryzae microsomes.201122169093
comparative study the effects of solid-state fermentation with three filamentous fungi on the total phenolics content (tpc), flavonoids and antioxidant activities of subfractions from oats (avena sativa l.).the aim of present work was to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation with filamentous fungi (aspergillus oryzae var. effuses, aspergillus oryzae, and aspergillus niger) on total phenolics content (tpc), flavonoids and antioxidant activities of four subfractions of oat, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate (ea), n-butanol and water subfraction, and compare them with their corresponding subfractions of unfermented oat. the tpc and total flavonoids increased dramatically, especially in ea su ...201122136169
volatile components of the enzyme-ripened sufu, a chinese traditional fermented product of soy bean.in the present study, sufu, a soft cheese-like oriental fermented food, was prepared by ripening the salted-tofu cubes in aspergillus oryzae-fermented soybean-rice koji at 37°c for 16days (16-day sufu). sufu was further held at room temperature for another 30days (46-day sufu). the volatile components of the non-fermented tofu cubes and the sufu products were identified and quantified by gc and gc-ms. a total of 70 volatile compounds including 20 aldehydes, 18 alcohols, 16 esters, 5 ketones, 5 a ...201122051578
heterologous expression system in aspergillus oryzae for fungal biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites.fungal secondary metabolites have been considered promising resources in the search for novel bioactive compounds. given the high potential of fungi as genetic resources, it is essential to find an efficient way to link biosynthetic genes to the product in a heterologous system, because many genes for the secondary metabolite in the original strain are silent under standard laboratory conditions. in a previous study, we constructed a heterologous expression system for a biosynthetic gene cluster ...201122083274
enzymatic activity and flavor compound production in fermented silver carp fish paste inoculated with douchi starter culture.silver carp fish pastes inoculated with or without a douchi starter culture containing live aspergillus oryzae were fermented for 30 days to produce two different fermented products, designated as culf and conf, respectively. protein degradation and flavor compound production during the course of fermentation were monitored. proteolytic activity, generally higher in culf than in conf (p < 0.05) and dominated by acidic and serine proteases, declined to an overall minimum after 30 days. myosin in ...201122148721
molecular and morphological identification of fungal species isolated from bealmijang meju.bealmijang is a short-term aged paste made from meju, which is a brick of fermented soybeans and other ingredients. different types of bealmijang are available depending on the geographic region or ingredients used. however, no study has clarified the microbial diversity of these types. we identified 17 and 14 fungal species from black soybean meju (bsm) and buckwheat meju (bwm), respectively, on the basis of morphology, culture characteristics, and internal transcribed spacer and beta-tubulin g ...201122210613
identification, cloning, and characterization of β-glucosidase from ustilago esculenta.hydrolytic enzymes responsible for laminarin degradation were found to be secreted during growth of ustilago esculenta on laminarin. an enzyme involved in laminarin degradation was purified by assaying release of glucose from laminaribiose. ion-exchange chromatography of the culture filtrate followed by size-exclusion chromatography yielded a 110-kda protein associated with laminaribiose hydrolysis. lc/ms/ms analysis of the 110-kda protein identified three peptide sequences that shared significa ...201121850431
conserved and specific responses to hypoxia in aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus nidulans determined by comparative transcriptomics.hypoxia imposes stress on filamentous fungi that require oxygen to proliferate. global transcription analysis of aspergillus oryzae grown under hypoxic conditions found that the expression of about 50% of 4,244 affected genes was either induced or repressed more than 2-fold. a comparison of these genes with the hypoxically regulated genes of aspergillus nidulans based on their predicted amino acid sequences classified them as bi-directional best hit (bbh), one-way best hit (extra homolog, eh), a ...201122170104
total biosynthesis of diterpene aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of dna polymerase α: heterologous expression of four biosynthetic genes in aspergillus oryzae.clustering of biosynthetic genes for producing fungal secondary metabolites, which frequently consist of less than ten genes, has been recognized with numerous genomes. the heterologous expression of whole genes in the clusters will therefore produce various types of natural products when using a suitable fungal host. we introduced the whole gene cluster for the biosynthesis of diterpene aphidicolin into the fungal quadruple auxotrophic host, aspergillus oryzae, by using four different vectors ( ...201121897020
formate oxidase, an enzyme of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family, has a his-arg pair and 8-formyl-fad at the catalytic site.formate oxidase of aspergillus oryzae rib40 contains an 8-replaced fad with molecular mass of 799 as cofactor. the ¹h-nmr spectrum of the cofactor fraction obtained from the enzyme indicated that the 8-replaced fad in the fraction was 8-formyl-fad, present in open form and hemiacetal form. the oxidation-reduction potentials of the open and hemiacetal forms were estimated by cyclic voltammetry to be -47 and -177 mv vs. normal hydrogen electrode respectively. the structure of the enzyme was constr ...201121897046
Identification and characterization of a putative basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in the early stage of conidiophore development in Aspergillus oryzae.The helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of transcriptional factors is a key player in a wide range of developmental processes. HLH proteins form homo- and/or heterodimers with other HLH proteins and bind to E-box motifs. The regulation and functions of these proteins can be complex due to their bifunctional roles as activators and repressors of gene transcription. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel predicted bHLH protein-encoding gene, AO090023000902, designated ecdR (early conidioph ...201122008745
indigestible dextrin is an excellent inducer for α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glucoamylase production in a submerged culture of aspergillus oryzae.α-amylase activities of aspergillus oryzae grown on dextrin or indigestible dextrin were 7·8 and 27·7 u ml(-1), respectively. glucoamylase activities of the cultures grown on dextrin or indigestible dextrin were 5·4 and 301 mu ml(-1), respectively. the specific glucoamylase production rate in indigestible dextrin batch culture reached 1·35 u g dw(-1) h(-1). in contrast, biomass concentration of a. oryzae in indigestible dextrin culture was 35% of that in dextrin culture. thus, the culture method ...201122009575
Multifunctional nanoadditives for the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization of enzymes.Stabilization of enzymes has become a major focus in the quest to improve the activity, sustainability and recyclability of enzymes for their successful integration into both industry and medicine. Here, we describe the kinetic and thermodynamic stabilization of a variety of enzymes in the presence of cationic multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles.201121897968
A further study on chromosome minimization by protoplast fusion in Aspergillus oryzae.Our goal in this work was to develop a method to minimize the chromosomes of Aspergillus oryzae, to arrive at a deeper understanding of essential gene functions that will help create more efficient industrially useful strains. In a previous study, we successfully constructed a highly reduced chromosome 7 using multiple large-scale chromosomal deletions (Jin et al. in Mol Genet Genomics 283:1-12, 2010). Here, we have created a further reduced chromosome A. oryzae mutant harboring a reduced chrom ...201122207035
glutamate production from ß-glucan using endoglucanase-secreting corynebacterium glutamicum.we demonstrate glutamate production from ß-glucan using endoglucanase (eg)-expressing corynebacterium glutamicum. the signal sequence tora derived from escherichia coli k12, which belongs to the tat pathway, was suitable for secreting eg of clostridium thermocellum using c. glutamicum as a host. using the tora signal sequence, endoglucanase from clostridium cellulovorans 743b was successfully expressed, and the secreted eg produced 123 mg of reducing sugar from 5 g of ß-glucan at 30 °c for 72 h, ...201121305281
disease control effect of strevertenes produced by streptomyces psammoticus against tomato fusarium wilt.during screening of microorganisms producing antifungal metabolites, streptomyces psammoticus strain kp1404 was isolated. the culture extract of this strain showed potent disease control efficacy against fusarium wilt on tomato plants. the antifungal metabolites st-1 and st-2 were isolated from the culture extract using a variety of chromatographic procedures. on the basis of ms and nmr spectrometric analysis, the structures of the antifungal active compounds st-1 and st-2 were determined to be ...201121314121
effects of diet and aspergillus oryzae extract or saccharomyces cervisiae on growth and carcass characteristics of lambs and steers fed to meet requirements of natural markets.two studies were conducted to determine the effects of diet and feed additive on growth and carcass characteristics of lambs and cattle destined for all natural markets. in exp. 1, 48 dorset × hampshire lambs (initial bw 29.4 ± 0.1 kg) were used in a randomized complete block experiment to determine the effects of aspergillus oryzae extract, amaferm (amf) supplementation (1 g/d) in an 85% concentrate diet on growth and carcass characteristics. lambs were allotted to 12 pens (4 lambs per pen), an ...201121317341
chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil from cicuta virosa l. var. latisecta celak.the essential oil extracted from the fruits of cicuta virosa l. var. latisecta celak was tested in vitro and in vivo against four foodborne fungi, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, and alternaria alternata. forty-five different components accounting for 98.4% of the total oil composition were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the major components were γ-terpinene (40.92%), p-cymene (27.93%), and cumin aldehyde (21.20%). antifungal activity was tested by ...201121320730
production and characterisation of aosox2 from aspergillus oryzae, a novel flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase with good ph and temperature stability.sulfhydryl oxidases have found application in the improvement of both dairy and baking products due to their ability to oxidise thiol groups in small molecules and cysteine residues in proteins. a genome mining study of the available fungal genomes had previously been performed by our group in order to identify novel sulfhydryl oxidases suitable for industrial applications and a representative enzyme was produced, aosox1 from aspergillus oryzae (faccio et al. bmc biochem 11:31, 2010). as a resul ...201121327412
autophagy delivers misfolded secretory proteins accumulated in endoplasmic reticulum to vacuoles in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation process of eukaryotic cells. in filamentous fungi, although autophagy has been reported to have multiple physiological roles, it is not clear whether autophagy is involved in the degradation of misfolded proteins. here, we investigated the role of autophagy in the degradation of misfolded secretory proteins accumulated in endoplasmic reticulum (er) in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. in late-phase cultures, a disulfide bond-deleted mut ...201121334308
impact of microencapsulated peptidase (aspergillus oryzae) on cheddar cheese proteolysis and its biologically active peptide profile.we investigated the delivery of calcium-alginate encapsulated peptidase (flavourzyme(®), aspergillus oryzae) on proteolysis of cheddar cheese. physical and chemical characteristics such as moisture, ph and fat content were measured, and no differences were found between control and experimental cheese at day 0. sds-page analysis clearly showed that proteolysis of a and k casein was significantly accelerated after three months of maturity in the experimental cheese. a large number of low molecula ...201121342096
aflatoxin non-productivity of aspergillus oryzae caused by loss of function in the aflj gene product.aspergillus oryzae, although closely related to aspergillus flavus, does not produce aflatoxin (af). a. oryzae rib strains can be classified into three groups (group 1-3) based on the structure of the af biosynthesis gene homolog cluster (afhc). in group 1 strains, where afhc is present, the expression level of the aflr gene is extremely low and there is no expression of the other four af homologue genes (avna, verb, omta and vbs). we conducted a detailed structural comparison of aflr orf and af ...201121342785
a novel support for laccase immobilization: cellulose acetate modified with ionic liquid and application in biosensor for methyldopa detection.a material based on cellulose acetate (ca) and the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (bmi·n(tf)(2)) was developed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy and infrared analysis. laccase (lac) from aspergillus oryzae was immobilized in this material to investigate the behavior of methyldopa by square-wave voltammetry. under optimized conditions, the lac biosensor based on ca/bmi·n(tf)(2) exhibited ...201121353521
identification of a new phenotype of tolerogenic human dendritic cells induced by fungal proteases from aspergillus oryzae.we characterized a new pathway to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (dcs) following treatment of human monocyte-derived dcs with proteases from the fungus aspergillus oryzae (asp). asp-treated dcs (asp-dcs) exhibit a cd80(-)cd83(-)cd86(-)ig-like transcript (ilt)2(-)ilt3(-)ilt4(+) phenotype, do not secrete cytokines or chemokines, and express tolerogenic markers such as glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper, no synthetase-2, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-1 or retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2. when co ...201121368225
organic acids associated with saccharification of cellulosic wastes during solid-state fermentation.saccharification of five cellulosic wastes, i.e. rice husks, wheat bran, corn cobs, wheat straw and rice straw by three cellulytic fungi, i.e. aspergillus glaums mn1, aspergillus oryzae mn2 and penicillium purpurogenum mn3, during solid-state fermentation (ssf) was laboratory studied. rice husks, wheat bran, and corn cobs were selected as inducers of glucose production in the tested fungi. an incubation interval of 10 days was optimal for glucose production. maximal activities of the cellulases ...201121369980
modeling enzyme production with aspergillus oryzae in pilot scale vessels with different agitation, aeration, and agitator types.the purpose of this article is to demonstrate how a model can be constructed such that the progress of a submerged fed-batch fermentation of a filamentous fungus can be predicted with acceptable accuracy. the studied process was enzyme production with aspergillus oryzae in 550 l pilot plant stirred tank reactors. different conditions of agitation and aeration were employed as well as two different impeller geometries. the limiting factor for the productivity was oxygen supply to the fermentation ...201121370231
ms/ms fragmentation-guided search of tmg-chitooligomycins and their structure-activity relationship in specific ß-n-acetylglucosaminidase inhibition.the reducing tetrasaccharide tmg-chitotriomycin (1) is an inhibitor of ß-n-acetylglucosaminidase (glcnacase), produced by the actinomycete streptomyces anulatus nbrc13369. the inhibitor shows a unique inhibitory spectrum, that is, selectivity toward enzymes from chitin-containing organisms such as insects and fungi. nevertheless, its structure-selectivity relationship remains to be clarified. in this study, we conducted a structure-guided search of analogues of 1 in order to obtain diverse n,n,n ...201121373681
structure of a dimeric fungal a-type carbonic anhydrase.the crystal structure of aspergillus oryzae carbonic anhydrase (aoca) was determined at 2.7å resolution and it revealed a dimer, which only has precedents in the a class in two membrane and cancer-associated enzymes. a carbonic anhydrases are underrepresented in fungi compared to the ß class, this being the first structural representative. the overall fold and zinc binding site resemble other well studied carbonic anhydrases. a major difference is that the histidine, thought to be the major prot ...201121377464
construction and application of a functional library of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases from the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.a functional library of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases from aspergillus oryzae (aocyps) was constructed in which 121 isoforms were coexpressed with yeast nadph-cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase in saccharomyces cerevisiae. using this functional library, novel catalytic functions of aocyps, such as catalytic potentials of cyp57b3 against genistein, were elucidated for the first time. comprehensive functional screening promises rapid characterization of catalytic potentials and utility of aocyps.201121378053
highly efficient biodiesel production by a whole-cell biocatalyst employing a system with high lipase expression in aspergillus oryzae.in the present study, a system with high lipase expression in aspergillus oryzae was developed using an improved enolase promoter (p-enoa124) and the 5' untranslated region of a heat-shock protein (hsp-utr). p-enoa142 enhanced the transcriptional level of a heterologous lipase gene and hsp-utr improved its translational efficiency. fusarium heterosporum lipase (fhl) was inserted into a psensu-fhl expression vector harboring p-enoa142 and hsp-utr and was transformed into an a. oryzae ns4 strain. ...201121380514
effect of meat washing on the development of impact odorants in fish miso prepared from spotted mackerel.miso, a fermented soybean paste prepared using koji (rice malt inoculated with aspergillus oryzae) has been commonly used as a traditional seasoning for several centuries in east asian countries. a miso-like fermented product was prepared using washed and unwashed meats of spotted mackerel (scomber australasicus) with improved food functionality and aroma attributes. the evolution of aroma-active volatiles was further evaluated during the early stages of maturation.201121384352
aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase partition in potassium phosphate-polyethylene glycol aqueous two-phase systems.the aim of this work is to study the partitioning of alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae in polyethylene glycol-potassium phosphate systems formed by polymers of different molecular masses with different total concentrations, several nacl concentrations and different volume ratio between the phases and at different temperatures. the enzyme was partitioned towards the top phase in the 2000-molecular-mass polyethylene glycol systems and towards the bottom phase in the other systems analyzed with ...201121397633
detection of viral microrna with s1 nuclease protection assay.mammalian host cells and their viral pathogens express and make use of short noncoding rna molecules to control the infectious cycle. in order to understand their physiological role, it is necessary to develop tools for detection and quantification of these molecules. here, we present a simple, specific, and very sensitive protocol using short radioactive dna oligonucleotides for hybridization to homologous rna target in a nuclease protection assay. the s1 nuclease from aspergillus oryzae degrad ...201121431685
determination of the transgalactosylation activity of aspergillus oryzae +¦-galactosidase: effect of ph, temperature, and galactose and glucose concentrations.the catalytic potential of +¦-galactosidase is usually determined by its hydrolytic activity over natural or synthetic substrates. however, this method poorly predicts enzyme behavior when transglycosylation instead of hydrolysis is being performed. a system for determining the transgalactosylation activity of +¦-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae was developed, and its activity was determined under conditions for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose. transgalactosylation a ...201121439558
immobilization of aspergillus oryzae ß galactosidase on zinc oxide nanoparticles via simple adsorption mechanism.the present study demonstrates the immobilization of aspergillus oryzae ß galactosidase on native zinc oxide (zno) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno-np) by simple adsorption mechanism. the binding of enzyme on zno-np was confirmed by fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. native zno and zno-np showed 60% and 85% immobilization yield, respectively. soluble and immobilized enzyme preparations exhibited similar ph-optima at ph 4.5. zno-np bound ß galactosidase retained ...201121439994
the a-glucuronidase agu1 from schizophyllum commune is a member of a novel glycoside hydrolase family (gh115).schizophyllum commune produces an a-glucuronidase that is active on polymeric xylan, while the ascomycete a-glucuronidases are only active on xylan oligomers. in this study, we have identified the gene (agu1) encoding this enzyme and confirmed the functionality by overexpression of the gene in s. commune and degradation of aldopentauronic acids, (meglca)(3)-xyl(4), in the cultivation medium of the transformants. expression analysis demonstrated that agu1 is not co-regulated with the predominant ...201121442271
integrated analysis of the global transcriptional response to α-amylase over-production by aspergillus oryzae.the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae is an important microbial cell factory for industrial production of many enzymes, such as α-amylase. in order to optimize the industrial enzyme production process, there is a need to understand fundamental processes underlying enzyme production, here under how enzyme production links to metabolism through global regulation. through a genome-scale metabolic network for integrated analysis of transcriptome data and flux calculation, we identified key playe ...201121449027
sake yeast strains have difficulty in entering a quiescent state after cell growth cessation.sake yeast strains produce a high concentration of ethanol during sake brewing compared to laboratory yeast strains. as ethanol fermentation by yeast cells continues even after cell growth stops, analysis of the physiological state of the stationary phase cells is very important for understanding the mechanism of producing higher concentrations of ethanol. we compared the physiological characteristics of stationary phase cells of both sake and laboratory yeast strains in an aerobic batch culture ...201121459038
automatic measurement of sake fermentation kinetics using a multi-channel gas monitor system.in small-scale sake brewing tests, progression of ethanol fermentation is examined by monitoring carbon dioxide emission using the fermograph, an automated multi-channel gas monitor instrument. the fermograph system enables automatic measurements of fermentation profiles with high accuracy, reproducibility, and resolution, and facilitates comprehensive and quantitative sake fermentation kinetic analyses.201121470907
identification of a major xylanase from aspergillus flavus as a 14-kd protein.aspergillus flavus k49 secreted at least two xylanase activities when grown on a medium containing larch (wood) xylan as a sole carbon source. enzyme activity was assayed using an agar medium containing remazol brilliant blue r conjugated oat spelt xylan as substrate. crude enzyme preparations were inhibited by hg(+2), with an ed(50) of 17.5 mm and maximum inhibition of 83% at 50 mm. a concentrated sample of a. flavus k49 xylanase preparation was subjected to gel filtration chromatography on a p ...201121479830
fermentation temperature affects the antioxidant activity of the enzyme-ripened sufu, an oriental traditional fermented product of soybean.in this study, sufu, a chinese traditional fermented product of soybean, was prepared by ripening salted tofu cubes in the mash of aspergillus oryzae-fermented rice-soybean koji possessing various hydrolytic enzymes at 25°c, 37°c and 45°c. antioxidant activity including 2,2-diphenyl-2-picylhydoxyl (dpph) radical-scavenging activity, fe(2+)-chelating ability and reducing power exerted by the methanol extract of sufu was determined and compared with that of the non-fermented tofu extract. it was f ...201121497549
crystallization and diffraction analysis of β-n-acetylhexosaminidase from aspergillus oryzae.fungal β-n-acetylhexosaminidases are enzymes that are used in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of biologically interesting oligosaccharides. the enzyme from aspergillus oryzae was produced and purified from its natural source and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. diffraction data from two crystal forms (primitive monoclinic and primitive tetragonal) were collected to resolutions of 3.2 and 2.4 å, respectively. electrophoretic and quantitative n-terminal protein-sequencing ...201121505251
functional analysis of the putative aaa atpase aipa localizing at the endocytic sites in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.we searched for novel components involved in aspergillus oryzae endocytosis by yeast two-hybrid (yth) screening. using the endocytic marker protein aoabp1 (a. oryzae homolog of saccharomyces cerevisiae abp1p) as bait, a putative aaa (atpases associated with diverse cellular activities) atpase encoded by a gene termed aipa (aoabp1 interacting protein) was identified. further yth analyses showed that the 346-370 amino-acid region of aipa interacts with the sh3 (src homology 3) domains of aoabp1. m ...201121507053
development of an aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst coexpressing triglyceride and partial glyceride lipases for biodiesel production.an aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst which coexpresses fusarium heterosporum lipase (fhl) and mono- and di-acylglycerol lipase b (mdlb) in the same cell has been developed to improve biodiesel production. by screening a number of transformants, the best strain was obtained when fhl gene was integrated into a. oryzae chromosome using sc selection marker while mdlb was integrated using niad selection marker. the reaction system using the lipase-coexpressing whole-cells was found to be supe ...201121507622
enzymatic properties of the recombinant serine-type carboxypeptidase ocpc, which is unique to aspergillus oryzae.gene ao090103000153 is unique to aspergillus oryzae rib40 and a. flavus nrrl3357, and is speculated to encode a serine-type carboxypeptidase. in this study, we purified and characterized a heterologously expressed gene product of ao090103000153. 5'-rapid amplification of cdna ends indicated that the translation start site of the gene is located 1,586 bp downstream of the translation start site predicted by the genome sequencing project. the gene, starting from the revised translation start codon ...201121512241
kojic acid biosynthesis in aspergillus oryzae is regulated by a zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcriptional activator and induced by kojic acid at the transcriptional level.a gene encoding the zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcriptional factor is clustered with two genes involved in biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite, kojic acid (ka), in aspergillus oryzae. we determined that the gene was essential for ka production and the transcriptional activation of ka biosynthetic genes, which were triggered by the addition of ka.201121514215
synthesis, antibacterial activity and quantum-chemical studies of novel 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole analogues.a new series of 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole derivatives (2a-k) was designed and synthesized through a rapid, simple, and efficient methodology in excellent isolated yield. these compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activities against eight bacteria, e.g. bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli, and three fungi e.g. aspergillus oryzae, candida albicans, a ...201121532194
the influence of douchi starter cultures on the composition of extractive components, microbiological activity, and sensory properties of fermented fish pastes.three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that douchi cultures could serve as a potential starter for enhancing the quality attributes of fermented silver carp meat. in experiment 1, an active, prefermented douchi culture was incorporated into a fish paste to aid in the fish fermentation (30 d) and facilitate biochemical production of extractive flavor components (prf). in experiment 2, a fully fermented (30 d) douchi was added to a fish paste and the mixture was fermented for 30 d ...201121535644
ultrasound-assisted generation of ace-inhibitory peptides from casein hydrolyzed with nanoencapsulated protease.background: bioactive peptides generated from milk proteins are eminent ingredients for functional foods and nutraceuticals. amongst several approaches to release these peptides, hydrolysis of milk proteins with proteolytic enzymes is a promising choice. it is, however, required to inactivate the enzyme after a predetermined time, which leads to impurity of the final product. immobilization of enzyme molecules can overcome this problem as it simplifies enzyme separation from the reaction mixture ...201121538371
high-yields heterologous production of the novel aspergillus fumigatus elastase inhibitor afuei in aspergillus oryzae.afuei, an elastase inhibitor produced by aspergillus fumigatus strongly inhibits the elastolytic activity of a. fumigatus etc. to purify afuei, we constructed a strain that overproduces afuei by introducing the gene encoding afuei (genbank accession no. ab546725) under control of the amyb promoter into the heterologous host aspergillus oryzae. a. oryzae tf-4 displayed strong elastase inhibitory activity and produced considerably more afuei than that of a. fumigatus. furthermore, afuei could be p ...201121543256
sclr, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, regulates hyphal morphology and promotes sclerotial formation in aspergillus oryzae.most known basic-region helix-loop-helix (bhlh) proteins belong to a superfamily of transcription factors often involved in the control of growth and differentiation. therefore, inappropriate expression of genes encoding bhlh proteins is frequently associated with developmental dysfunction. in our previously reported study, a novel bhlh protein-encoding gene (ao090011000215) of aspergillus oryzae was identified. the gene-disrupted strain was found to produce dense conidia, but sparse sclerotia, ...201121551246
characterization and comparison of microbial community of different typical chinese liquor daqus by pcr-dgge.aims:  to identify and compare microbiota in chinese liquor daqu, which were produced in the different regions using different production process. methods and results:  the dna exacted from daqu samples was used as a template for pcr with universal primers of 16s rrna, 26s rrna and 18s rrna, respectively. the amplicons were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). it was observed that the bacterial dgge profile indicated high diversity and predominance of lactic acid bacter ...201121554340
a pseudo steady-state model for galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis with β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae.a pseudo steady-state model for the kinetically controlled synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (gos) with aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase is presented. the model accounts for the dynamics of lactose consumption and production of galactose, glucose, di, tri, tetra, and penta-oligosaccharides during the synthesis, being able to describe the total gos content in the reaction medium at the experimental conditions evaluated. experimental results show that the formation of gos containing only gal ...201121557202
purification and properties of a novel phenolic antioxidant from radix astragali fermented by aspergillus oryzae m29.the chinese herb radix astragalus (ra) has been widely used as a dietary supplement in asia, and there are numerous reports on its bioactivities. however, there are no reports to date regarding the use of aspergillus spp. in the culture medium of the ra plant for the production of phenolic antioxidants. in this study, utilizing the fungus aspergillus to ferment the native ra has successfully resulted in a significant increase in the phenolic contents of ra, and the fermented ra also revealed muc ...201121557623
analysis of autophagy in aspergillus oryzae by disruption of aoatg13, aoatg4, and aoatg15 genes.autophagy is a degradation system in which cellular components are digested via vacuoles/lysosomes, and involved in differentiation in addition to helping cells to survive starvation. the autophagic process is composed of several steps: induction of autophagy, formation of autophagosomes, transportation to vacuoles, and degradation of autophagic bodies. to further understand autophagy in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae, we first constructed a. oryzae mutants defective for the aoatg13, ...201121204928
post-translational his-cys cross-linkage formation in tyrosinase induced by copper(ii)-peroxo species.autocatalytic formation of his-cys cross-linkage in the enzyme active site of tyrosinase from aspergillus oryzae has been demonstrated to proceed by the treatment of apoenzyme with cu(ii) under aerobic conditions, where a (μ-η(2):η(2)-peroxo)dicopper(ii) species has been suggested to be involved as a key reactive intermediate.201121218798
characterization of an aspergillus oryzae cysteinyl dipeptidase expressed in escherichia coli.cysteinyl dipeptidase from aspergillus oryzae (cdpa) was produced in escherichia coli and purified. the enzyme showed activity specific toward cysteine-containing dipeptides, but its substrate specificity was distinct from those of other cysteinyl dipeptidases of the m20 family. it was optimally active at ph 7-8 and stable at ph 6-9 and at up to 40 °c.201121228467
five carboxin-resistant mutants exhibited various responses to carboxin and related fungicides.five carboxin-resistant mutants from aspergillus oryzae were characterized by the sensitivities of their mycelial growth and succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) activity to carboxin and three related fungicides. despite a significant resistance to carboxin, exhibited by all the mutants, their patterns of sensitivity to the other fungicides was distinct. this provides clues to the molecular interaction between sdh and these fungicides.201121228470
heterologous expression of aspergillus oryzae xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase genes facilitated xylose utilization in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.the cdna encoding a putative xylose reductase (xyra) from aspergillus oryzae was cloned and coexpressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae with a. oryzae xylitol dehydrogenase cdna (xdha). xyra exhibited nadph-dependent xylose reductase activity. the s. cerevisiae strain, overexpressing the xyra, xdha, endogenous xks1, and tal1 genes, grew on xylose as sole carbon source, and produced ethanol.201121228482
construction of a thiamine pyrophosphate high-producing strain of aspergillus oryzae by overexpression of three genes involved in thiamine biosynthesis.we have found a gene (thip) encoding thiamine pyrophosphokinase (tpk) in the aspergillus oryzae genome. no riboswitch-like region was found in the upstream region of thip, although it was repressed probably by thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp) as well as thia and nmta, which are strictly regulated by tpp-riboswitch sequence. to improve the productivity of tpp in a. oryzae, we constructed the strain in which thia, nmta and thip were overexpressed simultaneously. the resulting strain accumulated intrac ...201121247799
production and partial purification of proteases from aspergillus oryzae grown in a medium based on whey protein as an exclusive nitrogen source.several attempts have been made to incorporate whey proteins into curd to increase cheese yield. for some types of cheese, degradation of whey proteins that have been incorporated into the curd would be required to obtain acceptable flavor and texture. on the basis of the high potential for protease synthesis in aspergillus oryzae, sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source in a minimal medium for fungi, known as czapek-dox medium, was replaced with whey protein isolate to induce the protease to hydrol ...201121257034
independent duplications of a-amylase in different strains of aspergillus oryzae.aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus that has arisen through the ancient domestication of aspergillus flavus for making traditional oriental foods and beverages. in the many centuries a. oryzae has been used for fermenting the starch in rice to simple sugars, it has undergone selection for increased secretion of starch-degrading enzymes. in particular, all a. oryzae strains investigated thus far have two or more copies of a gene encoding a-amylase, whereas a. flavus has only one. here we i ...201121277379
preparation of different types of miso with mixture of starters and their effects on endogenous antioxidant of liver and kidney of mice.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of feeding the male mice with miso that was prepared with a mixture of microbial starters on the level of lipid peroxidation as a marker of oxidative stress, antioxidant power of hepatocytes, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant. the starters that were used in the preparation of miso were aspergillus oryzae and pleurotus ostreaus or a. oryzae and bacillus subtilis. the miso that was prepared with a. oryzae and bacillus subtilis has ...201121288263
in silico analysis of 3'-end-processing signals in aspergillus oryzae using expressed sequence tags and genomic sequencing data.to investigate 3'-end-processing signals in aspergillus oryzae, we created a nucleotide sequence data set of the 3'-untranslated region (3' utr) plus 100 nucleotides (nt) sequence downstream of the poly(a) site using a. oryzae expressed sequence tags and genomic sequencing data. this data set comprised 1065 sequences derived from 1042 unique genes. the average 3' utr length in a. oryzae was 241 nt, which is greater than that in yeast but similar to that in plants. the 3' utr and 100 nt sequence ...201121586533
fermented soybean liquid alleviated peptic ulcer through the destruction of acidic proton pump rather than suppression of urease of helicobacter pylori : a kinetic analysis.fermented soybean liquid (fsl) has been well cited for its broad spectrum of biological effects, yet its documented gastropeptic ulcer (gpu) ameliorating effect is still lacking. it was hypothesized that to avoid the injury exerted by gastric fluid, hp has to be sheltered in chyme emulsions immediately on infection. the hp urease (hpu) and the acidic proton pump (pp) may act as the "two-point ph modulator" to maintain an optimum ph between 6 and 7, and fsl is able to destroy such a modulating me ...201121591741
oral administration of multispecies microbial supplements to sows influences the composition of gut microbiota and fecal organic acids in their post-weaned piglets.the timings of the administration of microbial supplements to control the populations of gut microbiota of piglets have been poorly understood. here the effects of temporal administering multispecies microbial supplements to sows on the composition of gut microbiota and on the bacteria-mediated fecal metabolites in their offsprings were investigated. during gestation and lactation, pregnant sows were fed either a normal diet (group a) or a diet with multispecies supplements comprised of nine mic ...201121592857
xylose triggers reversible phosphorylation of xlnr, the fungal transcriptional activator of xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in aspergillus oryzae.xlnr is a transcription factor that mediates d-xylose-triggered induction of xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in aspergillus. in order to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying xlnr-mediated induction, aspergillus oryzae xlnr was fused with the c-myc tag and examined by western blotting. phosphate-affinity sds-page revealed that xlnr was present as a mixture of variously phosphorylated forms in the absence of d-xylose, and that d-xylose triggered additional phosphorylation of the protein. ...201121597200
genetic safeguard against mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid production in aspergillus oryzae.aspergillus oryzae is a fungus widely used in traditional japanese fermentation industries. its inability to produce mycotoxins, due to mutation or transcriptional repression of the genes responsible for their biosynthesis, is consistent with the hypothesis that a. oryzae is a domesticated species derived from a. flavus, a wild species that is a well-known producer of aflatoxin. in contrast, the cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) biosynthetic gene (cpa) cluster in a. oryzae contains genes that have been l ...201121608094
competitive biosorption of acid blue 25 and acid red 337 onto unmodified and cdab-modified biomass of aspergillus oryzae.the performance of unmodified and cetyldimethylethyl ammonium bromide (cdab) modified nonviable aspergillus oryzae for removal of acid blue 25 (ab 25) and acid red 337 (ar 337) was investigated in single and binary systems. in single system, the biosorption capacities of cdab-modified biosorbent reached 160.36 and 280.39mgg(-1) for ab 25 and ar 337, respectively, which were 1.52 and 1.66 times higher than that of unmodified biosorbent. in binary system, the biosorption capacities of unmodified a ...201121624828
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of aspergillus oryzae catechol oxidase.catechol oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols to the corresponding o-quinones. it is a copper-containing enzyme with a binuclear copper active site. here, the crystallization and multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion data collection of catechol oxidase from the mould fungus aspergillus oryzae are described. during the purification, three forms of the enzyme (39.3, 40.5 and 44.3 kda) were obtained. a mixture of these three forms was initially crystallized and gave c ...201121636908
characterization of galactooligosaccharides derived from lactulose.galactooligosaccharides are non-digestible carbohydrates with potential ability to modulate selectively the intestinal microbiota. in this work, a detailed characterization of oligosaccharides obtained by transgalactosylation reactions of the prebiotic lactulose, by using β-galactosidases of different fungal origin (aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus aculeatus and kluveromyces lactis), is reported. oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization (dp) up to 6 were detected and quantified by hplc-esi ms ...201121641605
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