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effects of sugarcane waste-products on cd and zn fractionation and their uptake by sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.).the effects of three sugarcane waste-products from an ethanol production plant on the fractionation of cd and zn in high cd and zn contaminated soil and metal accumulation in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) were studied, using the bcr sequential extraction and aqua regia extraction procedures. a pot experiment was performed for 4 months with four treatments: no-amendments (control), boiler ash (3% w/w), filter cake (3% w/w) and a combination of boiler ash and vinasse (1.5% + 1.5%, w/w). the ...201424217524
phenolic profile, antioxidant potential and dna damage protecting activity of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum).the present study investigated the antioxidant and phenolic composition of sugarcane. the leaves and juices of thirteen varieties of sugarcane were studied for their antioxidant activity and protective effect on dna damage. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (dpph) assay was used to determine the radical scavenging activities in leaves and juices. different varieties of sugarcane showed good antioxidant properties, ic50 values ranged from 20.82 to 27.47 μg/ml for leaves and from 63.95 to high ...201424206679
cloning, expression and characterization of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) transketolase.pentose phosphate pathway (ppp) composed of two functionally-connected phases, the oxidative and non-oxidative phase. both phases catalysed by a series of enzymes. transketolase is one of key enzymes of non-oxidative phase in which transfer two carbon units from fructose-6-phosphate to erythrose-4-phosphate and convert glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to xylulose-5-phosphate. in plant, erythrose-4-phosphate enters the shikimate pathway which is produces many secondary metabolites such as aromatic amin ...201324132392
involvement of anthocyanins in the resistance to chilling-induced oxidative stress in saccharum officinarum l. leaves.whether anthocyanins elevate resistance to chilling-induced oxidative stress in saccharum officinarum l. cv badila seedlings is investigated. plants with four fully expanded leaves were exposed to chilling stress (8 °c/4 °c, 11 h photoperiod) for 3 days and then transferred to rewarming condition (25 °c/20 °c, 11 h photoperiod) for another 2 days. at the end of the chilling period, h2o2 and superoxide radical (o2-) levels increased sharply and were near the same in the central (cl) and the final ...201323932150
an-overview on invertase in sugarcane.saccharum officinarum is one of the most cultivated hybrid varieties among the sugarcane varieties. in sugarcane plant sucrose is the major carbohydrate which can be stored and transported. different physiological and biochemical studies on this crop report that invertase activity and sucrose concentration some how are key limiting step in the process of sucrose accumulation. significant efforts have been made in relation to the sucrose cycle by altering the sucrose phosphate synthetase, sucrose ...201323847400
comparative feedstock analysis in setaria viridis l. as a model for c4 bioenergy grasses and panicoid crop species.second generation feedstocks for bioethanol will likely include a sizable proportion of perennial c4 grasses, principally in the panicoideae clade. the panicoideae contain agronomically important annual grasses including zea mays l. (maize), sorghum bicolor (l.) moench (sorghum), and saccharum officinarum l. (sugar cane) as well as promising second generation perennial feedstocks including miscanthus×giganteus and panicum virgatum l. (switchgrass). the underlying complexity of these polyploid gr ...201323802002
short-term effects of sugarcane waste products from ethanol production plant as soil amendments on sugarcane growth and metal stabilization.numerous waste products have been widely studied and used as soil amendments and metal immobilizing agents. waste utilization from ethanol production processes as soil amendments is one of the most promising and sustainable options to help utilize materials effectively, reduce waste disposal, and add value to byproducts. as a consequence, this present work carried out a four-month pot experiment of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) cultivation in cd and zn contaminated soil to determine the e ...201323511210
sugarcane bagasse treated with hydrous ferric oxide as a potential adsorbent for the removal of as(v) from aqueous solutions.the mechanism of as(v) removal from aqueous solutions by means of hydrated ferric oxide (hfo)-treated sugarcane bagasse (scb-hfo) (saccharum officinarum l.) was investigated. effects of different parameters, such as ph value, initial arsenic concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time and ionic strength, on the as(v) adsorption were studied. the adsorption capacity of scb-hfo for as(v) was found to be 22.1 mg/g under optimum conditions of ph 4, contact time 3h and temperature 22 °c. initial as ...201323265467
tissue-specific expression and functional role of dehydrins in heat tolerance of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum).studies on the functional roles of dehydrins (dhns) in heat tolerance of plants are scarce. this study was conducted to immunohistolocalize dhns in leaves of heat-tolerant (cp-4333) and heat-sensitive (hsf-240) sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) clones at three phenological stages in order to elucidate their putative roles under heat stress. cp-4333 indicated greater amounts of heat-stable proteins than hsf-240 under heat stress. western blotting revealed the expression of three dhns in cp-433 ...201322886313
in vitro selection and characterization of polyethylene glycol (peg) tolerant callus lines and regeneration of plantlets from the selected callus lines in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.).a system for in vitro selection of drought tolerant callus lines in sugarcane was developed. high molecular weight peg was used as selective agent. selected callus line grew better than non-selected callus when grown on different concentrations of peg. the activity of antioxidant enzymes like cat, pox, apx and sod were high in selected callus than in non-selected callus. osmolytes like proline and ascorbic acid were at higher levels in selected callus than in non-selected callus, however at high ...201324431494
phosphorus speciation in sequentially extracted agro-industrial by-products: evidence from x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy.the phosphorus (p) in agro-industrial by-products--a potential source of freshwater eutrophication but also a valuable fertilizer--needs to be speciated to evaluate its fate in the environment. we investigated to what extent x-ray absorption near edge structure (xanes) spectroscopy at the p k- and l2.3-edges reflected differences in sequentially extracted filter cakes from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) (fic) and niger seed (guizotia abyssinica cass.; nic) processing industry in ethiopia. ...201321284316
modeling of phosphorus loads in sugarcane in a low-relief landscape using ontology-based simulation.water flow and p dynamics in a low-relief landscape manipulated by extensive canal and ditch drainage systems were modeled utilizing an ontology-based simulation model. in the model, soil water flux and processes between three soil inorganic p pools (labile, active, and stable) and organic p are represented as database objects. and user-defined relationships among objects are used to automatically generate computer code (java) for running the simulation of discharge and p loads. our objectives w ...201321043280
long-term water quality trends after implementing best management practices in south florida.a mandatory best management practices (bmp) program was implemented in the everglades agricultural area (eaa) farms basin-wide in 1995 as required by the everglades forever act to reduce p loads in drainage water reaching the everglades ecosystem. all farms in the eaa basin implement similar bmps, and basin wide p load reductions have exceeded the 25% reduction required by law; however, differences remain in water quality between subbasins. our objective was to determine long-term trends in p lo ...201319549945
genetic diversity of sugarcane bacilliform virus isolates infecting saccharum spp. in india.sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv), which causes leaf freckle in sugarcane, is a member of the genus badnavirus. studies were conducted to characterize scbv in saccharum officinarum germplasm and cultivated varieties in india by sequencing the complete genomes of five isolates. genome lengths ranged from 7,553 to 7,884 nucleotides. duplications in orf3 and insertions in the rnase h-domain in some of the isolates were found to contribute to the large size of their genomes. the indian scbv isolate ...201323430710
effect of cryopreservation on the structural and functional integrity of cell membranes of sugarcane (saccharum sp.) embryogenic calluses.in this paper, we investigated if the differences consistently noted in survival and plantlet production between cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved, control sugarcane embryogenic calluses were related to modifications induced during cryopreservation in the structural and functional integrity of cell membranes. for this, the evolution of electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation products and cell membrane protein contents was measured during 5 d after cryopreservation. differences between control ...201312391484
effects of sulfuric acid loading and residence time on the composition of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate and its use as a source of xylose for xylitol bioproduction.a 2(2) full factorial design was employed to evaluate the effects of sulfuric acid loading and residence time on the composition of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate obtained in a 250-l reactor. the acid loading and the residence time were varied from 70 to 130 mg acid per gram of dry bagasse and from 10 to 30 min, respectively, while the temperature (121 degrees c) and the bagasse loading (10%) were kept constant. both the sulfuric acid loading and the residence time influenced the concentrations o ...201316209549
draft genome sequence of pseudozyma brasiliensis sp. nov. strain ghg001, a high producer of endo-1,4-xylanase isolated from an insect pest of sugarcane.here, we present the nuclear and mitochondrial genome sequences of pseudozyma brasiliensis sp. nov. strain ghg001. p. brasiliensis sp. nov. is the closest relative of pseudozyma vetiver. p. brasiliensis sp. nov. is capable of growing on xylose or xylan as a sole carbon source and has great biotechnological potential.201324356824
x-ray crystallography and nmr studies of domain-swapped canecystatin-1.the three-dimensional structure of canecystatin-1, a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum), has been solved in two different crystal forms. in both cases, it is seen to exist as a domain-swapped dimer, the first such observation for a cystatin of plant origin. size exclusion chromatography and multidimensional nmr spectroscopy show the dimer to be the dominant species in solution, despite the presence of a measurable quantity of monomer undergoing slow exc ...201323241243
using population genetic methods to identify the origin of an invasive population and to diagnose cryptic subspecies of telchin licus (lepidoptera: castniidae).telchin licus, the giant sugarcane borer, is an important pest species of sugarcane in northeast brazil. four subspecies of telchin licus are recognized in brazil based on their geographic distribution and subtle differences in wing colour pattern. some taxa are morphologically indistinguishable, and their accurate identification is key to their efficient control. mitochondrial genes sequences (cytochrome oxidase i and subunit 6 of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase) were applie ...201322971459
concentrations of cu, fe, mn, and zn in tropical soils amended with sewage sludge and composted sewage sludge.sewage sludge may be used as an agricultural fertilizer, but the practice has been criticized because sludge may contain trace elements and pathogens. the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of total and pseudototal extractants of cu, fe, mn, and zn, and to compare the results with the bioavailable concentrations of these elements to maize and sugarcane in a soil that was amended with sewage sludge for 13 consecutive years and in a separate soil that was amended a single time with ...201322810380
induction of insect plant resistance to the spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata stål (hemiptera: cercopidae) in sugarcane by silicon application.changes in the agroecosystem with the increase of green cane harvesting in brazil affected the insect populations associated to this crop, and secondary pests like the spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata stål, became much more important. many studies have demonstrated the active role played by silicon in plant defense against herbivory. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of silicon applications on the biology of the spittlebug reared on two resistant (sp79-1011 and sp80-1816) a ...201321710035
influence of mahanarva fimbriolata (stål) (hemiptera: cercopidae) injury on the quality of cane juice.mahanarva fimbriolata (stål) is an important pest in latin america and causes significant reduction in sugarcane productivity. there is no information regarding the effect of this pest on the quality of cane juice used for sugar and alcohol production. this work aimed at evaluating the quality of sugarcane juice from plants attacked by spittlebugs. the experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 15 replications, and comprised two treatments: control and chemical treatment with ...201318368252
variables that affect xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate in a zeolite fluidized bed reactor.the operational conditions for xylitol production by fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate in a fluidized bed reactor with cells immobilized on zeolite were evaluated. fermentations were carried out under different conditions of air flowrate (0.0125-0.0375 vvm), zeolite mass (100-200 g), initial ph (4-6), and xylose concentration (40-60 g/l), according to a 2(4) full factorial design. the air flowrate increase resulted in a metabolic deviation from product to biomass formation. on the ot ...201316321046
expression analysis of sugarcane aquaporin genes under water deficit.the present work is a pioneer study specifically addressing the aquaporin transcripts in sugarcane transcriptomes. representatives of the four aquaporin subfamilies (pip, tip, sip, and nip), already described for higher plants, were identified. forty-two distinct aquaporin isoforms were expressed in four ht-supersage libraries from sugarcane roots of drought-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes, respectively. at least 10 different potential aquaporin isoform targets and their respective unitags wer ...201324490055
culture-independent analysis of endophytic bacterial communities associated with brazilian sugarcane.sugarcane is an economically important culture in brazil. endophytic bacteria live inside plants, and can provide many benefits to the plant host. we analyzed the bacterial diversity of sugarcane cultivar rb-72454 by cultivation-independent techniques. total dna from sugarcane stems from a commercial plantation located in paraná state was extracted. partial 16s rrna genes were amplified and sequenced for library construction. of 152 sequences obtained, 52% were similar to 16s rrna from pseudomon ...201324222230
superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase improve the recovery of photosynthesis in sugarcane plants subjected to water deficit and low substrate temperature.the physiological responses of c4 species to simultaneous water deficit and low substrate temperature are poorly understood, as well as the recovery capacity. this study investigated whether the effect of these abiotic stressors is cultivar-dependent. the differential responses of drought-resistant (iacsp94-2094) and drought-sensitive (iacsp97-7065) sugarcane cultivars were characterized to assess the relationship between photosynthesis and antioxidant protection by apx and sod isoforms under st ...201324184453
emissions generated by sugarcane burning promote genotoxicity in rural workers: a case study in barretos, brazil.to determine the possible genotoxic effect of exposure to the smoke generated by biomass burning on workers involved in manual sugar cane harvesting.201324112819
bioelectricity versus bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse: is it worth being flexible?sugarcane is the most efficient crop for production of (1g) ethanol. additionally, sugarcane bagasse can be used to produce (2g) ethanol. however, the manufacture of 2g ethanol in large scale is not a consolidated process yet. thus, a detailed economic analysis, based on consistent simulations of the process, is worthwhile. moreover, both ethanol and electric energy markets have been extremely volatile in brazil, which suggests that a flexible biorefinery, able to switch between 2g ethanol and e ...201324088415
dynamic distribution of potassium in sugarcane.in this work the distribution of potassium in sugarcane has been studied during its growth. the soil was prepared with natural fertilizers prepared with sugarcane bagasse. for the measurement of potassium concentration in each part of the plant, gamma-ray spectrometry was used to measure gamma-rays emitted from the radioisotope (40)k. the concentrations of potassium in roots, stems and leaves were measured every two to three months beginning about five months after planting the sugarcane. the re ...201324016872
effect of unconventional carbon sources on biosurfactant production and its application in bioremediation.the potential of an alkaliphilic bacterium klebsiella sp. strain rj-03, to utilize different unconventional carbon sources for the production of biosurfactant was evaluated. the biosurfactant produced using corn powder, potato peel powder, madhuca indica and sugarcane bagasse containing medium, exhibited significantly higher viscosity and maximum reduction in surface tension as compared to other substrates. among several carbon substrates tested, production of biosurfactant was found to be the h ...201323994788
carbon partitioning in sugarcane (saccharum species).focus has centered on c-partitioning in stems of sugarcane (saccharum sp.) due to their high-sucrose accumulation features, relevance to other grasses, and rising economic value. here we review how sugarcane balances between sucrose storage, respiration, and cell wall biosynthesis. the specific topics involve (1) accumulation of exceptionally high sucrose levels (up to over 500 mm), (2) a potential, turgor-sensitive system for partitioning sucrose between storage inside (cytosol and vacuole) and ...201323785381
utilization of pentoses from sugarcane biomass: techno-economics of biogas vs. butanol production.this paper presents the techno-economics of greenfield projects of an integrated first and second-generation sugarcane biorefinery in which pentose sugars obtained from sugarcane biomass are used either for biogas (consumed internally in the power boiler) or n-butanol production via the abe batch fermentation process. the complete sugarcane biorefinery was simulated using aspen plus®. although the pentoses stream available in the sugarcane biorefinery gives room for a relatively small biobutanol ...201323748087
conformational and functional studies of a cytosolic 90 kda heat shock protein hsp90 from sugarcane.hsp90s are involved in several cellular processes, such as signaling, proteostasis, epigenetics, differentiation and stress defense. although hsp90s from different organisms are highly similar, they usually have small variations in conformation and function. thus, the characterization of different hsp90s is important to gain insight into the structure-function relationship that makes these chaperones key regulators in protein homeostasis. this work describes the characterization of a cytosolic h ...201323619240
global analysis of the sugarcane microtranscriptome reveals a unique composition of small rnas associated with axillary bud outgrowth.axillary bud outgrowth determines shoot architecture and is under the control of endogenous hormones and a fine-tuned gene-expression network, which probably includes small rnas (srnas). although it is well known that srnas act broadly in plant development, our understanding about their roles in vegetative bud outgrowth remains limited. moreover, the expression profiles of micrornas (mirnas) and their targets within axillary buds are largely unknown. here, we employed srna next-generation sequen ...201323564956
mapping the lignin distribution in pretreated sugarcane bagasse by confocal and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.delignification pretreatments of biomass and methods to assess their efficacy are crucial for biomass-to-biofuels research and technology. here, we applied confocal and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (flim) using one- and two-photon excitation to map the lignin distribution within bagasse fibers pretreated with acid and alkali. the evaluated spectra and decay times are correlated with previously calculated lignin fractions. we have also investigated the influence of the pretreatment on ...201323548159
high-throughput sequencing of small rna transcriptome reveals salt stress regulated micrornas in sugarcane.salt stress is a primary cause of crop losses worldwide, and it has been the subject of intense investigation to unravel the complex mechanisms responsible for salinity tolerance. microrna is implicated in many developmental processes and in responses to various abiotic stresses, playing pivotal roles in plant adaptation. deep sequencing technology was chosen to determine the small rna transcriptome of saccharum sp cultivars grown on saline conditions. we constructed four small rnas libraries pr ...201323544066
biochemical biomarkers in scinax fuscovarius tadpoles exposed to a commercial formulation of the pesticide fipronil.one of the main pesticides used in the cultivation of sugarcane in são paulo state, brazil, is regent(®)800wg, the main active compound of which is fipronil. fipronil is a potent insecticide that eliminates pests, including insects resistant to pyrethroids, organophosphates (op) and carbamates (ca). there is little known on the toxic effects of fipronil on non-target organisms, such as tadpoles of frogs. it is possible that this compound carries a high toxicity for these organisms, since the pes ...201323489839
study of kinetic parameters in a mechanistic model for enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse subjected to different pretreatments.the goal of this work is to evaluate the influence of different pretreatments in the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and to propose a reliable methodology to easily perform sensitivity analysis and updating kinetic parameters whenever necessary. a kinetic model was modified to represent the experimental data of the batch enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide. the simultaneous estimation of kinetic parameters of the mathematical ...201323474967
expression of soflac, a new laccase in sugarcane, restores lignin content but not s:g ratio of arabidopsis lac17 mutant.lignin is a complex phenolic heteropolymer deposited in the secondarily thickened walls of specialized plant cells to provide strength for plants to stand upright and hydrophobicity to conducting cells for long-distance water transport. although essential for plant growth and development, lignin is the major plant cell-wall component responsible for biomass recalcitrance to industrial processing. peroxidases and laccases are generally thought to be responsible for lignin polymerization, but, giv ...201323418623
enterobacter sacchari sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.).five nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains (sp1(t), nn143, nn144, nn208 and hx148) were isolated from stem, root or rhizosphere soil of sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.) plants. cells were gram-negative, motile, rods with peritrichous flagella. dna g+c content was 55.0 ± 0.5 mol%. sequence determinations and phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene and rpob indicated that the strains were affiliated with the genus enterobacter and most closely related to e. radicincitans dsm 16656(t) and e. oryzae ...201323291881
enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by n-methylmorpholine-n-oxide-tolerant cellulase from a newly isolated galactomyces sp. cczu11-1.based on the enrichment culture strategy, a novel n-methylmorpholine-n-oxide (nmmo)-tolerant cellulase-producing strain galactomyces sp. cczu11-1 was isolated from soil samples. after the optimization of culture condition, the highest fpa (13.4 u/ml) and cmcase (24.5 u/ml) were obtained. in both culture and reaction media containing nmmo 25% (w/v), the cellulase from galactomyces sp. cczu11-1 still had good activity. furthermore, high saccharification rate was obtained in aqueous-nmmo media. mor ...201323186661
suspension cell culture as a tool for the characterization of class iii peroxidases in sugarcane.secreted class iii peroxidases (ec 1.11.1.7) are implicated in a broad range of physiological processes throughout the plant life cycle. however, the unambiguous determination of the precise biological role of an individual class iii peroxidase isoenzyme is still a difficult task due to genetic redundancy and broad substrate specificity in vitro. in addition, many difficulties are encountered during extraction and analysis of cell wall proteins. since class iii peroxidases are also secreted into ...201323159486
short-term usage of sewage sludge as organic fertilizer to sugarcane in a tropical soil bears little threat of heavy metal contamination.a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of application rates of sewage sludge and mineral nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers on as, ba, cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, se, and zn concentration in soil, cane plant, and first ratoon (residual effect) in a typic hapludult soil. to allow an analysis by means of response surface modeling, four rates of sewage sludge (0, 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 t ha(-1), dry base), of n (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha(-1)) and of p(2)o(5) (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha(-1)) were appl ...201323137916
effects of drought on the microtranscriptome of field-grown sugarcane plants.sugarcane (saccharum spp.) is the most promising crop for renewable energy. among the diverse stresses that affect plant productivity, drought stress frequently causes losses in sugarcane fields. although several studies have addressed plant responses to drought using controlled environments, plant responses under field conditions are largely unknown. recently, microrna (mirna)-mediated post-transcriptional regulation has been described as an important and decisive component in vegetal developme ...201323129215
butanol production in a first-generation brazilian sugarcane biorefinery: technical aspects and economics of greenfield projects.the techno-economics of greenfield projects of a first-generation sugarcane biorefinery aimed to produce ethanol, sugar, power, and n-butanol was conducted taking into account different butanol fermentation technologies (regular microorganism and mutant strain with improved butanol yield) and market scenarios (chemicals and automotive fuel). the complete sugarcane biorefinery with the batch acetone-butanol-ethanol (abe) fermentation process was simulated using aspen plus®. the biorefinery was de ...201323127845
centesimal composition and physical-chemistry analysis of the edible mushroom lentinus strigosus occurring in the brazilian amazon.the centesimal composition and the physical and chemical analyses of lentinus strigosus, an edible mushroom occurring in the brazilian amazon and produced in alternative substrates based on wood and agroindustrial residues, were evaluated. for this purpose, the c, n, ph, soluble solids, water activity, protein, lipids, total fiber, ash, carbohydrate, and energy levels were determined. the substrates were formulated from simarouba amara aubl. ("marupá"), ochroma piramidale cav. ex. lam. ("pau-de- ...201324141410
circadian rhythms of sense and antisense transcription in sugarcane, a highly polyploid crop.commercial sugarcane (saccharum hybrid) is a highly polyploid and aneuploid grass that stores large amounts of sucrose in its stem. we have measured circadian rhythms of sense and antisense transcription in a commercial cultivar (rb855453) using a custom oligoarray with 14,521 probes that hybridize to sense transcripts (ss) and 7,380 probes that hybridize to antisense transcripts (as).we estimated that 32% of ss probes and 22% as probes were rhythmic. this is a higher proportion of rhythmic prob ...201323936527
the influence of total solids content and initial ph on batch biohydrogen production by solid substrate fermentation of agroindustrial wastes.hydrogen is a valuable clean energy source, and its production by biological processes is attractive and environmentally sound and friendly. in méxico 5 million tons/yr of agroindustrial wastes are generated; these residues are rich in fermentable organic matter that can be used for hydrogen production. on the other hand, batch, intermittently vented, solid substrate fermentation of organic waste has attracted interest in the last 10 years. thus the objective of our work was to determine the eff ...201323732191
chemical shift assignments of the canecystatin-1 from saccharum officinarum.cystatins are cysteine proteases inhibitors that are widely distributed among insects, mammalians and plants. here we report the complete resonance assignment of canecystatin-1 from saccharum officinarum obtained by heteronuclear multidimensional high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the consensus chemical shift index was calculated and showed the presence of one α-helix (residues 27-43) and three β-strands (residues 48-74, 78-89 and 94-104), a secondary structure pattern that ...201322696137
differential regulation of defense-related gene expression in response to red rot pathogen colletotrichum falcatum infection in sugarcane.red rot is a serious disease of sugarcane caused by the fungus colletotrichum falcatum imposing a considerable economic loss annually in all sugarcane-producing countries. in this study, we analyzed the early resistance response of sugarcane to red rot fungus by comparing the differences between control and inoculated stalk tissues. differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (dd-rt-pcr) was employed to identify altered expression of genes in disease-resistant cv co 9300 ...201323861092
optimization of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase production by colletotrichum graminicola under solid-state fermentation and application in raw sugarcane trash saccharification.efficient, low-cost enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues is essential for cost-effective production of bioethanol. the production of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase by colletotrichum graminicola was optimized using response surface methodology (rsm). maximal production occurred in wheat bran. sugarcane trash, peanut hulls and corncob enhanced β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase production, respectively. maximal levels after optimization reached 159.3 ± 12.7 u g-1, 128.1 ...201323364611
enhanced cellulase production by trichoderma viride in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor.filamentous fungi are widely used to produce cellulase, but how the fermentation conditions affect their production is not well known. in this study, cellulase production by trichoderma viride in submerged fermentations with free cells in a stirred-tank reactor (str) and immobilized cells in a rotating fibrous-bed bioreactor (rfbb) were investigated. compared to free-cell fermentation, immobilized-cell fermentation gave 35.5% higher fpase activity and 69.7% higher saccharification yield of sugar ...201323428816
first report of trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in são paulo state, brazil.this is the first description of a trypanosoma vivax outbreak in the state of são paulo (municipality of lins). fever, jaundice, decreased milk production, weight loss, profuse diarrhea, abortion, anemia, leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia were observed in the affected animals. thirty-one cows and calves died out of a total of 1080 in the herd. three cows showed neurological symptoms like dysmetria, ataxia, muscle weakness, ptyalism, lymph node enlargement and submandibular edema. flagellated ...201322832751
xanthomonas albilineans ompa1 appears to be functionally modular and both the omc and c-like domains are necessary for leaf scald disease of sugarcane.several ez-tn5 insertions in gene locus xalc_0557 (ompa1) of the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen xanthomonas albilineans xafl07-1 were previously found to strongly affect pathogenicity and endophytic stalk colonization. xalc_0557 has a predicted ompa n-terminal outer membrane channel (omc) domain and an ompa c-like domain. further analysis of mutant m468, with an ez-tn5 insertion in the upstream omc domain coding region, revealed impaired epiphytic and endophytic leaf survival, impaired resistance ...201323758144
production and partial characterization of cellulases and xylanases from trichoderma atroviride 676 using lignocellulosic residual biomass.trichoderma atroviride 676 was studied to evaluate its efficiency in the production of some lignocellulolytic enzymes, using lignocellulosic residual biomass. best results were obtained when 3.0 % (w/v) untreated sugarcane bagasse was used (61.3 u ml(-1) for xylanase, 1.9 u ml(-1) for endoglucanase, 0.25 u ml(-1) for fpase, and 0.17 u ml(-1) for β-glucosidase) after 3-4 days fermentation. the maximal enzymatic activity for endoglucanase, fpase, and xylanase were observed at 50-60 °c and ph 4.0-5 ...201323306885
short-term effects of silage volatile compounds on feed intake and digestion in beef cattle.two experiments were conducted to evaluate whether fermentation end products in silage affect intake and digestion in beef cattle. six rumen-cannulated nellore steers were randomly assigned to a replicated 3 × 3 latin square design with 14-d periods. each period consisted of 9 d for adaptation and 5 d for sample collection. steers were housed in a tie-stall barn and individually fed once daily at 0800 h. the dietary treatments in exp. 1 were as follows: 60% corn silage plus 40% concentrate (con) ...201323478815
production of methanol from biomass waste via pyrolysis.the production of methanol from agricultural, forestry, livestock, poultry, and fishery waste via pyrolysis was investigated. pyrolysis was conducted in a tube furnace at 450-500 °c. sugarcane bagasse showed the methanol production (5.93 wt.%), followed by roots and sawdust with 4.36 and 4.22 wt.%, respectively. animal waste offered the lowest content of methanol, as only 0.46, 0.80, and 0.61 wt.% were obtained from fishery, goat, and cow waste, respectively. it was also observed that the percen ...201323266847
health impact assessment of liquid biofuel production.bioethanol and biodiesel as potential substitutes for fossil fuels in the transportation sector have been analyzed for environmental suitability. however, there could be impacts on human health during the production, therefore adverse health effects have to be analyzed. the aim of this study is to analyze to what health risk factors humans are exposed to in the production of biofuels and what the size of the health effects is. a health impact assessment expressed as disability adjusted life year ...201322774773
detection of added beet sugar in concentrated and single strength fruit juices by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr method): collaborative study.a collaborative study of the site-specific natural isotope fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr) method for detecting added beet sugar in fruit juices is reported. this method is complementary to the stable carbon isotope ratio analysis (scira) (aoac official methods 981.09 and 982.21), which can detect sugars derived from plants exhibiting c4 metabolism (corn and sugarcane). it is based on the fact that the deuterium content at specific positions of the sugar molecules is higher i ...20138757451
characterization and transcriptional analyses of cdnas encoding three trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteinases in cry1ab-susceptible and cry1ab-resistant strains of sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis.diatraea saccharalis is a major corn borer pest. midgut serine proteinases are essential for insect growth and development. alteration of midgut proteinases is responsible for bt resistance development in some species. to clone midgut trypsin and chymotrypsin cdnas and to test if the cry1ab resistance in d. saccharalis is associated with changes in midgut proteinases, total midgut tryptic and chymotryptic activities, cdna sequences, and gene expressions of three trypsin and three chymotrypsin ge ...201323955944
effect of silicon soil amendment on performance of sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) on rice.the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), is a pest of graminaceous crops in the southern usa, including sugarcane, maize, and rice. this study was conducted to investigate the effect of silicon (si) soil amendments on performance of sugarcane borer, d. saccharalis, on two rice cultivars, cocodrie and xl723. there was a significant increase in the si content of rice plants supplemented with calcium silicate as compared to non-treated plants. soil si amendment led to lower relative growth r ...201323830057
development and characterization of microsatellite loci for genetic studies of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae).we present polymorphic microsatellite markers isolated for genetic studies of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (fabricius). we isolated 16 microsatellite loci through an enriched genomic library protocol. after characterization, 12 markers showed polymorphic information expressed in the observed number of alleles (ranging from 2 to 7; 5 on average) and in the polymorphism information content (ranging from 0.292 to 0.771; 0.535 on average). these markers can be used in further studies to ...201323765969
susceptibility of cry1ab maize-resistant and -susceptible strains of sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to four individual cry proteins.sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), is a major target of bt maize in south america and many areas of the us mid-south region. six laboratory strains of d. saccharalis were established from six single-pair f(2) families possessing major resistance alleles to cry1ab maize hybrids. susceptibility of the six strains was evaluated on diet treated with each of four purified trypsin-activated bt proteins, cry1ab, cry1aa, cry1ac and cry1f. bt susceptibility of the six strains was compared with t ...201323270874
deciphering the synergism of endogenous glycoside hydrolase families 1 and 9 from coptotermes gestroi.termites can degrade up to 90% of the lignocellulose they ingest using a repertoire of endogenous and symbiotic degrading enzymes. termites have been shown to secrete two main glycoside hydrolases, which are gh1 (ec 3.2.1.21) and gh9 (ec 3.2.1.4) members. however, the molecular mechanism for lignocellulose degradation by these enzymes remains poorly understood. the present study was conducted to understand the synergistic relationship between gh9 (cgeg1) and gh1 (cgbg1) from coptotermes gestroi, ...201323917163
predicting greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon from changing pasture to an energy crop.bioenergy related land use change would likely alter biogeochemical cycles and global greenhouse gas budgets. energy cane (saccharum officinarum l.) is a sugarcane variety and an emerging biofuel feedstock for cellulosic bio-ethanol production. it has potential for high yields and can be grown on marginal land, which minimizes competition with grain and vegetable production. the daycent biogeochemical model was parameterized to infer potential yields of energy cane and how changing land from gra ...201323991028
capacity of enzymes of the euphorbiacea aleurites montana involved in co2-fixation, compared to plants having c3-, c4- and crassulacean acid metabolism.capacities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pep-co), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco), nadp+ malic enzyme (me) and of malate dehydrogenase (mdh) were measured in the euphorbiacea aleurites montana, grown under 700 ppm co2 for four weeks prior to enzyme extraction. for comparison bryophyllum daigremontiana (cam). saccharum officinarum (c4) and capsicum frutescens (c3) were treated in the same way. pep-co capacity of aleurites was in the range of 12-, that of capsicum approx. 26 nmol ...201310928549
agricultural case studies of classification accuracy, spectral resolution, and model over-fitting.this paper describes the relationship between spectral resolution and classification accuracy in analyses of hyperspectral imaging data acquired from crop leaves. the main scope is to discuss and reduce the risk of model over-fitting. over-fitting of a classification model occurs when too many and/or irrelevant model terms are included (i.e., a large number of spectral bands), and it may lead to low robustness/repeatability when the classification model is applied to independent validation data. ...201324160886
recovery of bovine lysozyme from transgenic sugarcane stalks: extraction, membrane filtration, and purification.increased industrial use of sugarcane (saccharum spp. hybrid) for food and bioenergy has led to considerable improvements in its genetic transformation, which allowed the development of not only pest- and herbicide-resistant lines but also lines expressing high-value bioproducts and biopolymers. however, the economic benefits of using inexpensive transgenic plant systems for the production of industrial proteins could be offset by high downstream processing costs. in this work, transgenic sugarc ...201323329238
fibrolytic enzyme and ammonia application effects on the nutritive value, intake, and digestion kinetics of bermudagrass hay in beef cattle.the objectives were to compare the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (biocellulase a20) or anhydrous ammonia (4% dm) treatment on the nutritive value, voluntary intake, and digestion kinetics of bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon cultivar coastal) hay harvested after 2 maturities (5- and 13-wk regrowths). six individually housed, ruminally cannulated brangus steers (bw 325 ± 10 kg) were used in an experiment with a 6 × 6 latin square design with a 3 (additives) × 2 (maturities) factorial arrange ...201323893992
new claims in folk veterinary medicines from uttar pradesh, india.in remote areas, folk medicines play a significant role in livestock health care management. the aims of this study were to document folk veterinary medicines of the uttar pradesh region and identify promising species for pharmacological studies.201323376281
comparative metagenomic analysis of microcosm structures and lignocellulolytic enzyme systems of symbiotic biomass-degrading consortia.decomposition of lignocelluloses by cooperative microbial actions is an essential process of carbon cycling in nature and provides a basis for biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals in biorefineries. in this study, structurally stable symbiotic aero-tolerant lignocellulose-degrading microbial consortia were obtained from biodiversified microflora present in industrial sugarcane bagasse pile (bgc-1), cow rumen fluid (crc-1), and pulp mill activated sludge (asc-1) by successive subcultivation o ...201323381385
policosanol modulates hmg-coa reductase activity in cultured fibroblasts.cholesterol biosynthesis is strictly controlled by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase.201311282173
photoautotrophic production of d-lactic acid in an engineered cyanobacterium.the world faces the challenge to develop sustainable technologies to replace thousands of products that have been generated from fossil fuels. microbial cell factories serve as promising alternatives for the production of diverse commodity chemicals and biofuels from renewable resources. for example, polylactic acid (pla) with its biodegradable properties is a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to polyethylene. at present, pla microbial production is mainly dependent on food crops ...201324274114
structure and function of a novel cellulase 5 from sugarcane soil metagenome.cellulases play a key role in enzymatic routes for degradation of plant cell-wall polysaccharides into simple and economically-relevant sugars. however, their low performance on complex substrates and reduced stability under industrial conditions remain the main obstacle for the large-scale production of cellulose-derived products and biofuels. thus, in this study a novel cellulase with unusual catalytic properties from sugarcane soil metagenome (cele1) was isolated and characterized. the polype ...201324358302
metaproteomic analysis of ratoon sugarcane rhizospheric soil.the current study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of yield decline in ratoon sugarcane using soil metaproteomics combined with community level physiological profiles (clpp) analysis.201323773576
agro-ecosystems impact malaria prevalence: large-scale irrigation drives vector population in western ethiopia.development strategies in ethiopia have largely focused on the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the last decade to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. however, such irrigation schemes can worsen the socio-economic state by aggravating the problem of mosquito-borne diseases. in this study, the effect of agro-ecosystem practices on malaria prevalence and the risk of malaria transmission by the primary vector mosquito, anopheles arabiensis, in ethiopia were investigated.201324083353
an acidic thermostable recombinant aspergillus nidulans endoglucanase is active towards distinct agriculture residues.aspergillus nidulans is poorly exploited as a source of enzymes for lignocellulosic residues degradation for biotechnological purposes. this work describes the a. nidulans endoglucanase a heterologous expression in pichia pastoris, the purification and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme. active recombinant endoglucanase a (reg a) was efficiently secreted as a 35 kda protein which was purified through a two-step chromatography procedure. the highest enzyme activity was detecte ...201323936633
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated in planta seed transformation strategy in sugarcane.an efficient, reproducible and genotype-independent in planta transformation has been standardized for sugarcane using seed as explant. transgenic sugarcane production through agrobacterium infection followed by in vitro regeneration is a time-consuming process and highly genotype dependent. to obtain more number of transformed sugarcane plants in a relatively short duration, sugarcane seeds were infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens eha 105 harboring pcambia 1304-bar and transformed plants we ...201323749098
biomass-to-bio-products application of feruloyl esterase from aspergillus clavatus.the structural polysaccharides contained in plant cell walls have been pointed to as a promising renewable alternative to petroleum and natural gas. ferulic acid is a ubiquitous component of plant polysaccharides, which is found in either monomeric or dimeric forms and is covalently linked to arabinosyl residues. ferulic acid has several commercial applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. the study herein introduces a novel feruloyl esterase from aspergillus clavatus (acfae). along wi ...201323229566
the capability of endophytic fungi for production of hemicellulases and related enzymes.there is an imperative necessity for alternative sources of energy able to reduce the world dependence of fossil oil. one of the most successful options is ethanol obtained mainly from sugarcane and corn fermentation. the foremost residue from sugarcane industry is the bagasse, a rich lignocellulosic raw material uses for the production of ethanol second generation (2g). new cellulolytic and hemicellulytic enzymes are needed, in order to optimize the degradation of bagasse and production of etha ...201324175970
saccharification of biomass using whole solid-state fermentation medium to avoid additional separation steps.the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse (sesb) was investigated using enzymatic extracts (ee) and whole fermentation media (wm), produced in-house, from aspergillus niger 3t5b8 and trichoderma reesei rut-c30 cultivated on wheat bran under solid-state fermentation (ssf). a detailed and quantitative comparison of the different hydrolysis conditions tested was carried out using the chrastil approach for modeling enzymatic reactions by fitting the experimental data of total redu ...201324115639
the influence of aspergillus niger transcription factors arar and xlnr in the gene expression during growth in d-xylose, l-arabinose and steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse.the interest in the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels such as bioethanol has led to an increased investigation into the processes regulating biomass saccharification. the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger is an important microorganism capable of producing a wide variety of plant biomass degrading enzymes. in a. niger the transcriptional activator xlnr and its close homolog, arar, controls the main (hemi-)cellulolytic system responsible for plant polysaccharide degradation. sugarc ...201323892063
effect of forced aeration on citric acid production by aspergillus sp. mutants in ssf.citric acid (ca) is one of the most important products of fermentation in the world. a great variety of agro-industrial residues can be used in solid state fermentation. aspergillus niger parental strain (cct 7716) and two strains obtained by mutagenesis (cct 7717 and cct 7718) were evaluated in erlenmeyer flasks and glass columns using citric pulp (cp) as substrate/support, sugarcane molasses and methanol. best results using glass columns (forced aeration) were found in the fourth day of fermen ...201323760557
fungal rock phosphate solubilization using sugarcane bagasse.the effects of different doses of rock phosphate (rp), sucrose, and (nh(4))(2)so(4) on the solubilization of rp from araxá and catalão (brazil) by aspergillus niger, penicillium canescens, eupenicillium ludwigii, and penicillium islandicum were evaluated in a solid-state fermentation (ssf) system with sugarcane bagasse. the factors evaluated were combined following a 2(3) + 1 factorial design to determine their optimum concentrations. the fitted response surfaces showed that higher doses of rp p ...201322927013
two β-xylanases from aspergillus terreus: characterization and influence of phenolic compounds on xylanase activity.sugarcane bagasse was used as an inexpensive alternative carbon source for production of β-xylanases from aspergillus terreus. the induction profile showed that the xylanase activity was detected from the 6th day of cultivation period. two low molecular weight enzymes, named xyl t1 and xyl t2 were purified to apparent homogeneity by ultrafiltration, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies and presented molecular masses of 24.3and 23.60 kda, as determined by sds-page, respectively. xyl t ...201323892064
coupled production of single cell oil as biodiesel feedstock, xylitol and xylanase from sugarcane bagasse in a biorefinery concept using fungi from the tropical mangrove wetlands.this work evaluates sugarcane bagasse (scb) conversion, in a biorefinery approach, to coproduce biodiesel and high value products using two novel mangrove fungi. on acid pre-treatment, sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate (scbh) resulted in a xylitol yield of 0.51 g/g xylose consumed in 72 h by williopsis saturnus. after scb pretreatment, sugarcane bagasse residue (scbr) was utilized using aspergillus terreus for production of xylanase (12.74 u/ml) and cell biomass (9.8 g/l) which was extracted for sin ...201323260270
biochemical and molecular characterisation of the bacterial endophytes from native sugarcane varieties of himalayan region.seven endophytic bacterial isolates were finally recovered from native sugarcane varieties at hilly areas namely berinag, champawat and didihat of uttarakhand state in northern himalayan region. new isolates and two standard cultures-azospirillum brasilense and gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, were evaluated for their morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. morphologically all were rod shaped, gram-negative bacteria. their plant growth promotory properties were also assessed w ...201328324369
efficient succinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass by simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose in engineered escherichia coli.to enhance succinic acid formation during xylose fermentation in escherichia coli, overexpression of atp-forming phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) from bacillus subtilis 168 in an ldha, pflb, and ppc deletion strain resulted in a significant increase in cell mass and succinic acid production. however, ba204 displays a low yield of glucose fermentation and sequential glucose-xylose utilization under regulation by the phosphotransferase system (pts). to improve the capability of glucose fe ...201324096277
purification and kinetics study of thermostable cellulase free xylanase from bacillus subtilis.present study dealt with the production, purification and characterization of xylanase from bacillus subtilis- bs05 grown in submerged fermentation at 37(o)c for 48h using sugarcane bagasse as a substrate. xylanase enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by sephadex g-100 chromatography. the molecular mass of xylanase enzyme was found to be 23kda by sds-page. the optimum ph and temperature of xylanase enzyme was 5 and 50°c with stability range of 5-6 and 30 ...201323713898
high production of cellulose degrading endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase using bagasse as a substrate from bacillus subtilis kibge has.sugarcane bagasse is a cheap carbon source for endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase production as it is easily available as by-product from sugar industries. fermentation conditions for endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase production by bacillus subtilis kibge has were optimized by using un-treated sugarcane bagasse for induction of endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase and it was found that 2.0 g% bagasse in fermentation medium induced maximum endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase production. it was also found that when sugarcane bagasse was supplemen ...201323044136
a designed bifunctional laccase/β-1,3-1,4-glucanase enzyme shows synergistic sugar release from milled sugarcane bagasse.a bifunctional enzyme has been created by fusing two bacillus subtilis enzymes: the β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (bgls, ec 3.2.1.73) that hydrolyzes plant cell wall β-glucans and the copper-dependent oxidase laccase (cota, ec 1.10.3.2) that catalyzes the oxidation of aromatic compounds with simultaneous reduction of oxygen to water. the chimeric laccase/β-1,3-1,4-glucanase was created by insertion fusion of the bgls and cota genes, and expressed in escherichia coli. the affinity-purified recombinant chim ...201323012443
succinate production by metabolically engineered escherichia coli using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as the carbon source.efficient biosynthesis of succinate from a renewable biomass resource by engineered escherichia coli is reported in this paper. fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by engineered e. coli ba204, a pflb, ldha, and ppc deletion strain overexpressing the atp-forming phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from bacillus subtilis 168, produced a final succinate concentration of 15.85 g l(-1) with a high yield of 0.89 g l(-1) total sugar under anaerobic conditions. during dual-phase fermentations, i ...201323010211
managing the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis, and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea, using bt corn and insecticide treatments.the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), are important pests of corn in brazil and have not been successfully managed, because of the difficulty of managing them with pesticides. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bt corn mon810, transformed with a gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bacillales: bacillaceae) insecticide seed treatment, and foliar insecticid ...201324735131
potential of sugarcane bagasse (agro-industrial waste) for the production of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.sugarcane bagasse is a renewable resource that can be used to produce biopesticide for the control of mosquito vectors. in the present study, we demonstrated that cane processed bagasse could be used to produce bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) for control of mosquito vectors viz: culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. biochemical studies indicated that the bti spore/crystal toxins produced from the test culture medium (bagasse, bg + soybean, sb) are higher ...201324189680
microbial degradation of fipronil by bacillus thuringiensis.fipronil, a phenyl pyrazole insecticide has been found to be effective for the control of various insect pests. due to its higher persistence in soil bioremediation is a promising approach to degrade the pesticide from soil. isolation and identification of soil microbes was conducted for bioremediation of fipronil contaminated soils. soil samples collected from different sugarcane growing fields in gurdaspur district with extensive use of pesticide history served as a source of pesticide degradi ...201323618775
occurrence and larval movement of diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in seed mixes of non-bt and bt pyramid corn.larval movement of target pest populations among bt and non-bt plants is a major concern in the use of a seed mixture refuge strategy for bt resistance management. in this study, occurrence and larval movement of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), were evaluated in four planting patterns of non-bt and bt plants containing genuity® smartstax(tm) traits in 2009-2011. the four planting patterns were: (1) a pure stand of 27 bt plants; (2) one non-bt plant in the center, surrounded by 26 ...201323456950
enhancing polyhydroxybutyrate production from high cell density fed-batch fermentation of bacillus megaterium ba-019.this study demonstrated the improved polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) production via high cell density cultivation of bacillus megaterium ba-019 with balanced initial total sugar concentration and carbon to nitrogen (c/n) weight ratio. in the 10 l stirred fermentor operated at 30 °c, ph 7.0, 600 rpm, and 1.0 vvm air, with the initial total sugar concentration of 60 g/l and urea at the c/n weight ratio of 10:1, 32.48 g/l cell biomass with the corresponding phb weight content of 26.94 % and volumetric pr ...201323340799
isolation and characterisation of a ferrirhodin synthetase gene from the sugarcane pathogen fusarium sacchari.fsn1, a gene isolated from the sugar-cane pathogen fusarium sacchari, encodes a 4707-residue nonribosomal peptide synthetase consisting of three complete adenylation, thiolation and condensation modules followed by two additional thiolation and condensation domain repeats. this structure is similar to that of ferricrocin synthetase, which makes a siderophore that is involved in intracellular iron storage in other filamentous fungi. heterologous expression of fsn1 in aspergillus oryzae resulted i ...201323307607
experimental investigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion of selected steels in sugarcane juice environment.in the current study, ferritic stainless grades aisi 439 and aisi 444 were investigated as possible construction materials for machinery and equipment in the cane-sugar industry. their performance in corrosive cane-sugar juice environment was compared with the presently used low carbon steel aisi 1010 and austenitic stainless steel aisi 304. the tafel plot electrochemical technique was used to evaluate general corrosion performance. microbiologically influenced corrosion (mic) behaviour in sugar ...201323764955
bacilliform dna-containing plant viruses in the tropics: commonalities within a genetically diverse group.plant viruses, possessing a bacilliform shape and containing double-stranded dna, are emerging as important pathogens in a number of agricultural and horticultural crops in the tropics. they have been reported from a large number of countries in african and asian continents, as well as from islands from the pacific region. the viruses, belonging to two genera, badnavirus and tungrovirus, within the family caulimoviridae, have genomes displaying a common plan, yet are highly variable, sometimes e ...201323763585
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