Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| plant-based microarray data at the european bioinformatics institute. introducing atmiamexpress, a submission tool for arabidopsis gene expression data to arrayexpress. | arrayexpress is a public microarray repository founded on the minimum information about a microarray experiment (miame) principles that stores miame-compliant gene expression data. plant-based data sets represent approximately one-quarter of the experiments in arrayexpress. the majority are based on arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana); however, there are other data sets based on triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, and populus subsp. atmiamexpress is an open-source web-based software application f ... | 2005 | 16219923 |
| graingenes 2.0. an improved resource for the small-grains community. | graingenes (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov) is an international database for genetic and genomic information about triticeae species (wheat [triticum aestivum], barley [hordeum vulgare], rye [secale cereale], and their wild relatives) and oat (avena sativa) and its wild relatives. a major strength of the graingenes project is the interaction of the curators with database users in the research community, placing graingenes as both a data repository and information hub. the primary intensively curated d ... | 2005 | 16219925 |
| chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the ryegrass genome from the triticeae, oat, and rice genomes using common heterologous rflp probes. | an restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-based genetic map of ryegrass (lolium) was constructed for comparative mapping with other poaceae species using heterologous anchor probes. the genetic map contained 120 rflp markers from cdna clones of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), covering 664 cm on seven linkage groups (lgs). the genome comparisons of ryegrass relative to the triticeae, oat, and rice extended the syntenic relationships among t ... | 2005 | 15742203 |
| comparison of sorption and diffusion by pyridate and its polar metabolite in isolated cuticular wax of chenopodium album and hordeum vulgare. | sorption and diffusion of the herbicide pyridate and its metabolite cl9673 were measured in reconstituted cuticular waxes isolated from chenopodium album l. and hordeum vulgare l. (cultivar igri) leaves. the compounds have the same basic chemical structure, except that pyridate is characterized by a c8-alkyl chain bound via a thioester to the ionizable hydroxyl group of cl9673. sorption of the weak acid cl9673 from aqueous solutions into cuticular waxes was ph-dependent, and the apparent wax/wat ... | 2005 | 16131123 |
| cereal phosphate transporters associated with the mycorrhizal pathway of phosphate uptake into roots. | a very large number of plant species are capable of forming symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. the roots of these plants are potentially capable of absorbing p from the soil solution both directly through root epidermis and root hairs, and via the am fungal pathway that delivers p to the root cortex. a large number of phosphate (p) transporters have been identified in plants; tissue expression patterns and kinetic information supports the roles of some of these in the ... | 2005 | 16133217 |
| mining est databases to resolve evolutionary events in major crop species. | using plant est collections, we obtained 1392 potential gene duplicates across 8 plant species: zea mays, oryza sativa, sorghum bicolor, hordeum vulgare, solanum tuberosum, lycopersicon esculentum, medicago truncatula, and glycine max. we estimated the synonymous and nonsynonymous distances between each gene pair and identified two to three mixtures of normal distributions corresponding to one to three rounds of genome duplication in each species. within the poaceae, we found a conserved duplica ... | 2004 | 15499401 |
| photosystem ii inhibition by moderate light under low temperature in intact leaves of chilling-sensitive and -tolerant plants. | photosystem ii (psii) activity was examsined in leaves of chilling-sensitive cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), tomato (lycopersicum esculentum l.), and maize (zea mays l.), and in chilling-tolerant barley (hordeum vulgare l.) illuminated with moderate white light (300 micro mol m(-2) s(-1)) at 4 degrees c using chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. psii activity was inhibited in leaves of all the four plants as suggested by the decline in f(v)/f(m), 1/f(o) - 1/f(m), and f(v)/f(o) values. the cha ... | 2004 | 15153200 |
| a new abscisic acid catabolic pathway. | we report the discovery of a new hydroxylated abscisic acid (aba) metabolite, found in the course of a mass spectrometric study of aba metabolism in brassica napus siliques. this metabolite reveals a previously unknown catabolic pathway for aba in which the 9'-methyl group of aba is oxidized. analogs of (+)-aba deuterated at the 8'-carbon atom and at both the 8'- and 9'-carbon atoms were fed to green siliques, and extracts containing the deuterated oxidized metabolites were analyzed to determine ... | 2004 | 14671016 |
| sensitivity of aquatic plants to the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl. | the sensitivity of 12 aquatic plant species to the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl was tested in microcosm experiments under two growth conditions. as reference species, barley (hordeum vulgare) and oil-seed rape (brassica napus) were grown with their roots submerged in the microcosms. two response variables were chosen: relative growth rate and specific leaf area (sla). sla was the most sensitive response variable, with 11 of the 12 aquatic species responding to the herbicide. ec(50) values varied ... | 2004 | 14759661 |
| effect of adding and removing n-glycosylation recognition sites on the thermostability of barley alpha-glucosidase. | the thermostability of alpha-glucosidase is important because the conversion of starch to fermentable sugars during the industrial production of beer and fuel ethanol typically occurs at relatively high temperatures (60-75 degrees c). barley (hordeum vulgare) alpha-glucosidase is unstable at these elevated temperatures; however, the alpha-glucosidase from sugar beet (beta vulgaris) is stable at these temperatures. an alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of barley and sugar beet alpha-gl ... | 2004 | 15051866 |
| possible evidence for transport of an iron cyanide complex by plants. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and wild cane (sorghum bicolor l.), were exposed to 15n-labeled ferrocyanide to determine whether these plant species can transport this iron cyanide complex. plants were treated with ferrocyanide in a nutrient solution that simulated iron cyanide contaminated groundwater and soil solutions. this nutrient solution has been shown to maintain ferrocyanide speciation with minimal dissociation to free cyanide. following treatment, all three plants ... | 2004 | 14568716 |
| chromosomal distribution of telomeric and telomeric-associated sequences in hordeum chilense by in situ hybridization. | the chromosomal distribution of telomeric repeat patt4 from arabidopsis thaliana and telomeric associated repetitive sequence hvt01 from hordeum vulgare have been studied by fish (fluorescence in situ hybridization) in two accessions (h1 and h7) of hordeum chilense. the telomeric sequence patt4 is present at the end of all chromosome arms in h1 and h7 accessions. in contrast, the telomeric associated sequence homologous to hvt01 showed variability for size, intensity and position of the signals ... | 2004 | 15660972 |
| dormancy of arabidopsis seeds and barley grains can be broken by nitric oxide. | seeds of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. and grains of barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) were used to characterize the affects of nitric oxide (no) on seed dormancy. seeds of the c24 and col-1 ecotypes of arabidopsis are almost completely dormant when freshly harvested, but dormancy was broken by stratification for 3 days at 4 degrees c or by imbibition of seeds with the no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp). this effect of snp on dormancy of arabidopsis seeds was concentration dependent. snp concentr ... | 2004 | 15133666 |
| comparative proteomics of cannabis sativa plant tissues. | comparative proteomics of leaves, flowers, and glands of cannabis sativa have been used to identify specific tissue-expressed proteins. these tissues have significantly different levels of cannabinoids. cannabinoids accumulate primarily in the glands but can also be found in flowers and leaves. proteins extracted from glands, flowers, and leaves were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. over 800 protein spots were reproducibly resolved in the two-dimensional gels from leaves and ... | 2004 | 15190082 |
| promoter analysis of the barley pht1;1 phosphate transporter gene identifies regions controlling root expression and responsiveness to phosphate deprivation. | previous studies have shown that the promoter from the barley (hordeum vulgare) phosphate transporter gene, hvpht1;1, activates high levels of expression in rice (oryza sativa) roots and that the expression level was induced by up to 4-fold in response to phosphorus (p) deprivation. to identify promoter regions controlling gene regulation specificities, successive promoter truncations were made and attached to reporter genes. promoters of between 856 and 1,400 nucleotides activated gene expressi ... | 2004 | 15542491 |
| taxonomic characterization and plant colonizing abilities of some bacteria related to bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis. | the phylogenetic relationships of 17 bacillus strains isolated from plants and soil were determined from partial sequences of genes encoding 16s rrna, gyrasea (gyra) and the chea histidine kinase. five strains were closely related to bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, three strains were more closely related to b. subtilis subsp. spizizeni and two strains were identified as b. mojavensis. the remaining seven strains formed a cluster closely related to, but distinct from, bacillus amyloliquefacien ... | 2004 | 19712408 |
| effect of salt and osmotic stresses on the expression of genes for the vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase, h+-atpase subunit a, and na+/h+ antiporter from barley. | two cdna clones encoding vacuolar h+-inorganic pyrophosphatase (hvp1 and hvp10), one clone encoding the catalytic subunit (68 kda) of vacuolar h+-atpase (hvvha-a), and one clone encoding vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter (hvnhx1) were isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare), a salt-tolerant crop. salt stress increased the transcript levels of hvp1, hvp10, hvvha-a, and hvnhx1, and osmotic stress also increased the transcript levels of hvp1 and hvnhx1 in barley roots. the transcription of hvp1 in response ... | 2004 | 14754922 |
| nadh-dependent metabolism of nitric oxide in alfalfa root cultures expressing barley hemoglobin. | transgenic alfalfa ( medicago sativa l.) root cultures expressing sense and antisense barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) hemoglobin were examined for their ability to metabolize no. extracts from lines overexpressing hemoglobin had approximately twice the no conversion rate of either control or antisense lines under normoxic conditions. only the control line showed a significant increase in the rate of no degradation when placed under anaerobic conditions. the decline in no was dependent on the presen ... | 2004 | 14740214 |
| the allene oxide cyclase of barley (hordeum vulgare l.)--cloning and organ-specific expression. | the naturally occurring enantiomer of the various octadecanoids and jasmonates is established in a biosynthetic step catalyzed by the allene oxide cyclase (aoc). the aoc converts an allene oxide formed by an allene oxide synthase (aos). here, we show cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding the aoc and a third aos, respectively, in addition to the two aoss previously published (plant j. 21, 199-213, 2000). the orf of the aoc-cdna of 717 bp codes for a protein of 238 amino acid residues car ... | 2004 | 15081279 |
| a novel barley cultivar (himalaya 292) with a specific gene mutation in starch synthase iia raises large bowel starch and short-chain fatty acids in rats. | himalaya 292 (hordeum vulgare, var. himalaya 292) is a novel, hull-less barley cultivar with a single nucleotide change in the gene encoding starch synthase iia (ec 2.4.1.21). this leads to loss of enzyme activity, resulting in a grain with less total starch and a higher proportion of amylose. these changes, plus higher total and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (nsp), could increase its resistant starch (rs) content. accordingly, rats were fed a diet containing stabilized whole-grain barley fl ... | 2004 | 15051833 |
| potassium phosphate induces systemic protection in barley to powdery mildew infection. | in laboratory tests, treatment of the first leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l cv golden promise) with potassium phosphate led to significant reduction in infection of the second leaves with the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f sp hordei marchal, with a 25 mm treatment giving 89% reduction in infection. although the optimal interval between phosphate treatment of the first leaves and mildew inoculation of the second leaves was 2 days, significant protection was still obtained if the in ... | 2004 | 14971678 |
| effects of feeding ground or steam-flaked broom sorghum and ground barley on performance of dairy cows in midlactation. | ten holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 5 x 5 replicated latin square design with 21-d periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or steam-flaked broom sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and ground barley (hordeum vulgare l.) on lactation performance and nutrient digestibility. diets were fed as total mixed ration and consisted of 46% forage and 54% concentrate (dm basis). treatment diets included ground barley, ground barley plus ground broom sorghum, ground broom sorghum, ground barley ... | 2004 | 14765818 |
| dna polymorphism among barley nils of cv. pallas, carrying genes for resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). | barley powdery mildew, caused by the pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is an important disease of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method was used to detect dna polymorphism among 7 pallas near-isogenic lines (nils) carrying mla3, mla12, mlk, mlp, mlat, mlg and mlla genes for resistance to b. graminis f. sp. hordei. from among 500 random 10-mer primers tested, 3 were specific for nil p2 (mla3), 1 for p10 (mla12), 6 for p17 (mlk), 46 for p19 (mlp), 4 ... | 2004 | 15131349 |
| auxin from the developing inflorescence is required for the biosynthesis of active gibberellins in barley stems. | multiple gibberellins (gas) were quantified in the stems of intact, decapitated, and decapitated auxin-treated barley (hordeum vulgare) plants. removal of the developing inflorescence reduced the endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), ga(1), and ga(3) and increased the level of ga(29) in internodal and nodal tissues below the site of excision. application of iaa to the excised stump restored ga levels to normal in almost all cases. the conversion of [(14)c]ga(20) to bioactive [(14)c]ga ... | 2004 | 14730077 |
| turfgrass, crop, and weed hosts of blissus occiduus (hemiptera: lygaeidae). | blissus occiduus barber is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nuttall) engelmann, turf. no-choice studies documented the susceptibility of selected turfgrasses, crops, and weeds to b. occiduus feeding. highly to moderately susceptible grasses included buffalograss; yellow setaria glauca (l.) and green foxtail setaria viridis (l.); kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis l.; perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; brome, bromus spp. leyss.; zoysiagrass, zoysia japonica steudel; berm ... | 2004 | 14998128 |
| a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining dapi staining with image analysis in plants. | in this study, a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique was developed in plants. the technique combined 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) staining with software analysis including three-dimensional imaging after deconvolution. clear multiple and adjacent dapi bands like g-bands were obtained by this technique in the tested species including hordeum vulgare l., oryza officinalis, wall & watt, triticum aestivum l., lilium brownii, brown, and vicia faba l. during mitotic metaphase, the nu ... | 2004 | 15197560 |
| rar1 positively controls steady state levels of barley mla resistance proteins and enables sufficient mla6 accumulation for effective resistance. | the polymorphic barley (hordeum vulgare) mla locus harbors allelic race-specific resistance (r) genes to the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f sp hordei. the highly sequence-related mla proteins contain an n-terminal coiled-coil structure, a central nucleotide binding (nb) site, a leu-rich repeat (lrr) region, and a c-terminal non-lrr region. using transgenic barley lines expressing epitope-tagged mla1 and mla6 derivatives driven by native regulatory sequences, we show a reversible and s ... | 2004 | 15548741 |
| phosphorus composition of manure from swine fed low-phytate grains: evidence for hydrolysis in the animal. | including low-phytic-acid grains in swine diets can reduce p concentrations in manure, but the influence on manure p composition is relatively unknown. to address this we analyzed manure from swine fed one of four barley (hordeum vulgare l.) varieties. the barley types consisted of wild-type barley (cdc bold, normal barley diet) and three low-phytic-acid mutant barleys that contained similar amounts of total p but less phytic acid. the phytic acid concentrations in the mutant barleys were reduce ... | 2004 | 15537962 |
| a novel high-amylose barley cultivar (hordeum vulgare var. himalaya 292) lowers plasma cholesterol and alters indices of large-bowel fermentation in pigs. | hordeum vulgare var. himalaya 292 is a new barley cultivar with altered starch synthesis and less total starch but more amylose, resistant starch (rs) and total and soluble nsp including beta-glucan. to determine its nutritional potential, young pigs were fed diets containing stabilised wholegrain flours from either himalaya 292, namoi (a commercial barley), wheat bran or oat bran at equivalent dietary nsp concentrations for 21 d. serum total cholesterol was significantly lowered by the himalaya ... | 2004 | 15522129 |
| induction of pathogen resistance in barley by abiotic stress. | enhanced resistance of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. ingrid) against barley powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race a6) was induced by abiotic stress in a concentration-dependent manner. the papilla-mediated resistance was not only induced by osmotic stress, but also by proton stress. resistance was directly correlated with increasing concentrations of various salts in the nutrient solution. resistance induced by proton stress also depended on the stress intensity. resistance induc ... | 2004 | 15375723 |
| interaction-dependent gene expression in mla-specified response to barley powdery mildew. | plant recognition of pathogen-derived molecules influences attack and counterattack strategies that affect the outcome of host-microbe interactions. to ascertain the global framework of host gene expression during biotrophic pathogen invasion, we analyzed in parallel the mrna abundance of 22,792 host genes throughout 36 (genotype x pathogen x time) interactions between barley (hordeum vulgare) and blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (bgh), the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. a split-split-plo ... | 2004 | 15319481 |
| processing of wild cereal grains in the upper palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat (triticum monococcum l. and triticum turgidum l.) were among the principal 'founder crops' of southwest asian agriculture. two issues that were central to the cultural transition from foraging to food production are poorly understood. they are the dates at which human groups began to routinely exploit wild varieties of wheat and barley, and when foragers first utilized technologies to pound and grind the hard, fibrous seeds of these and other plants to turn ... | 2004 | 15295598 |
| proteomic analysis of small heat shock protein isoforms in barley shoots. | the analysis of stress-responsiveness in plants is an important route to the discovery of genes conferring stress tolerance and their use in breeding programs. high temperature is one of the environmental stress factors that can affect the growth and quality characteristics of barley (hordeum vulgare). in this study a proteomic analysis (2d-page, ms) was used to detect the effects of heat shock on the protein pattern of an abiotic stress-tolerant (mandolina) and an abiotic stress-susceptible (ju ... | 2004 | 15276443 |
| accumulation of genes for susceptibility to rust fungi for which barley is nearly a nonhost results in two barley lines with extreme multiple susceptibility. | nonhost resistance is the most common type of resistance in plants. understanding the factors that make plants susceptible or resistant may help to achieve durably effective resistance in crop plants. screening of 109 barley (hordeum vulgare l.) accessions in the seedling stage indicated that barley is a complete nonhost to most of the heterologous rust fungi studied, while it showed an intermediate status with respect to puccinia triticina, p. hordei-murini, p. hordei-secalini, p. graminis f. s ... | 2004 | 15243739 |
| conversion of an amplified fragment length polymorphism marker into a co-dominant marker in the mapping of the rph15 gene conferring resistance to barley leaf rust, puccinia hordei otth. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia hordei, is an important disease afflicting barley ( hordeum vulgare) in many production regions of the world. the leaf rust resistance gene rph15 was identified in an accession of wild barley ( hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and is one of the most broadly effective resistance genes known. using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and simple sequence repeat markers, rph15 was mapped to chromosome 2hs in an f(2) population derived from a cross between bo ... | 2004 | 14523515 |
| toxicity assessment of contaminated soils from an antitank firing range. | explosives are released into the environment at production and processing facilities, as well as through field use. these compounds may be toxic at relatively low concentrations to a number of ecological receptors. a toxicity assessment was carried out on soils from an explosive-contaminated site at a canadian forces area training center. toxicity studies on soil organisms using endpoints such as microbial processes (potential nitrification activity, dehydrogenase activity, substrate-induced res ... | 2004 | 15223256 |
| environmental and transgene expression effects on the barley seed proteome. | the barley (hordeum vulgare) cultivar golden promise is no longer widely used for malting, but is amenable to transformation and is therefore a valuable experimental cultivar. its characteristics include high salt tolerance, however it is also susceptible to several fungal pathogens. proteome analysis was used to describe the water-soluble protein fraction of golden promise seeds in comparison with the modern malting cultivar barke. using 2d-gel electrophoresis to visualise several hundred prote ... | 2004 | 15276457 |
| snf1-related protein kinase (snrk1) phosphorylates class i heat shock protein. | the nucleotide sequence of cbsnip2, a cdna that had been cloned from a barley (hordeum vulgare) seed endosperm cdna library by two-hybrid screening with barley snf1-related protein kinase (snrki) was determined. it was found to contain a complete open reading frame encoding a class i heat shock protein. transcripts corresponding to the cdna (renamed cbhsp17) were detectable in rna isolated from barley seeds harvested in mid-development but not rna from roots or leaves. bhsp17 protein was express ... | 2004 | 15283126 |
| over-expression of an arabidopsis zinc transporter in hordeum vulgare increases short-term zinc uptake after zinc deprivation and seed zinc content. | increasing the zinc content of cereal grains will be important for improving human nutrition. improved plant zinc efficiency will lead to increased yields when available zinc is limiting plant growth. the aim of our work was to test how the over-expression of zinc transporters in cereals affects plant growth, seed mineral content, and zinc transport rates. known zinc transporters from arabidopsis were over-expressed in hordeum vulgare cv. golden promise by means of a ubiquitin promoter. multiple ... | 2004 | 15284493 |
| two transcription factors are negative regulators of gibberellin response in the hvspy-signaling pathway in barley aleurone. | spindly (spy) protein from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv himalaya; hvspy) negatively regulated ga responses in aleurone, and genetic analyses of arabidopsis thaliana predict that spy functions in a derepressible ga-signaling pathway. many, if not all, ga-dependent responses require spy protein, and to improve our understanding of how the spy signaling pathway operates, a yeast two-hybrid screen was used to identify both upstream and downstream components that might regulate the activity of the h ... | 2004 | 15347799 |
| effect of cadmium on free amino acid, glutathione and ascorbic acid concentrations in two barley genotypes (hordeum vulgare l.) differing in cadmium tolerance. | hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of three cd levels on glutathione (gsh), free amino acids (faa), and ascorbic acid (asa) concentration in the different tissues of 2 barley cultivars with different cd tolerance. cadmium concentration in both roots and shoots increased with external cd level, while biomass and asa concentration declined, and wumaoliuling, a cd-sensitive genotype was more affected than zau 3, a cd-tolerant genotype. the effect of cd on gsh concentration wa ... | 2004 | 15350406 |
| apoplastic ph signaling in barley leaves attacked by the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. | to investigate apoplastic responses of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) to the barley powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, noninvasive microprobe techniques were employed. h(+)- and ca(2+)-selective microprobes were inserted into open stomata of barley leaves inoculated with blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race a6 conidia. resistance gene-mediated responses of barley genotype ingrid (susceptible parent line) and the near-isogenic resistant ingrid backcross lines (i-mlo5, i-mla12, an ... | 2004 | 14714875 |
| characterisation of early transcriptional changes involving multiple signalling pathways in the mla13 barley interaction with powdery mildew ( blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). | suppression subtractive hybridisation was used to isolate 21 cdnas ( bmi1- bmi21) up-regulated 1-5 h post-inoculation (hpi) in a barley ( hordeum vulgare l. cv. pallas) near-isogenic line (nil) p11 ( mla13) challenged with either avirulent or virulent isolates of blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. transcriptional changes at these time-points are crucial for the mla-mediated hypersensitive response [w.r. bushnell and z. liu (1994) physiol mol plant pathol 44:389-402]. seven sequences were up-regula ... | 2004 | 14648226 |
| support vector machines for separation of mixed plant-pathogen est collections based on codon usage. | discovery of host and pathogen genes expressed at the plant-pathogen interface often requires the construction of mixed libraries that contain sequences from both genomes. sequence identification requires high-throughput and reliable classification of genome origin. when using single-pass cdna sequences difficulties arise from the short sequence length, the lack of sufficient taxonomically relevant sequence data in public databases and ambiguous sequence homology between plant and pathogen genes ... | 2004 | 15585526 |
| resistance to barley scald (rhynchosporium secalis) in the ethiopian donor lines 'steudelli' and 'jet', analyzed by partial least squares regression and interval mapping. | the resistance of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) to rhynchosporium secalis (scald) has been investigated in two crosses between the susceptible cv. 'ingrid' and two resistant ethiopian landraces, 'steudelli' and 'jet'. doubled haploids were inoculated in replicated tests using two isolates of r. secalis, '4004' and 'wrs1872'. expression of resistance differed widely between replicated tests. aflp, ssr and rflp markers were used to develop chromosome maps. results have been analysed using partial le ... | 2004 | 15660977 |
| conserved erad-like quality control of a plant polytopic membrane protein. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er) of eukaryotic cells serves as a checkpoint tightly monitoring protein integrity and channeling malformed proteins into different rescue and degradation routes. the degradation of several er lumenal and membrane-localized proteins is mediated by er-associated protein degradation (erad) in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammalian cells. to date, evidence for the existence of erad-like mechanisms in plants is indirect and based on heterologous or artificial subs ... | 2004 | 15598804 |
| identification of powdery mildew-induced barley genes by cdna-aflp: functional assessment of an early expressed map kinase. | gene expression analysis by cdna-aflp in barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) after powdery mildew ( blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei , bgh ) inoculation revealed 615 (3.7%) of 16 500 screened cdna fragments being differentially regulated 4 and/or 12 h after inoculation. of these transcript derived fragments (tdfs), 120 were sequenced, and for 28 out of 29 tested, induction was confirmed via rt-pcr. most tdfs did not show any homology to sequences with known functions, others showed homology to genes invo ... | 2004 | 15604661 |
| fine-mapping of the bammv, baymv-1 and baymv-2 resistance of barley (hordeum vulgare) accession pi1963. | barley yellow mosaic disease caused by the bymoviruses barley mild mosaic virus (bammv) and barley yellow mosaic virus (baymv) is one of the economically most important diseases of winter barley in europe. in european barley breeding programmes, resistance is currently due to only two genes-rym4, which is effective against viruses bammv and baymv-1, and rym5, which is effective against baymv-2. diversification of resistance is therefore an important task. because the accession pi1963 confers imm ... | 2004 | 15672256 |
| bedding and seasonal effects on chemical and bacterial properties of feedlot cattle manure. | nutrients, soluble salts, and pathogenic bacteria in feedlot-pen manure have the potential to cause pollution of the environment. a three-year study (1998-2000) was conducted at a beef cattle (bos taurus) feedlot in southern alberta, canada to determine the effect of bedding material [barley (hordeum vulgare l.) straw versus wood chips] and season on the chemical and bacterial properties of pen-floor manure. manure was sampled for chemical content (n, p, soluble salts, electrical conductivity, a ... | 2003 | 14535334 |
| seed 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin antioxidants are not involved in dormancy, but contribute to inhibition of germination during stress. | peroxiredoxins (prx) are thiol-dependent antioxidants containing one (1-cysteine [-cys]) or two (2-cys) conserved cys residues that protect lipids, enzymes, and dna against reactive oxygen species. in plants, the 1-cys prxs are highly expressed during late seed development, and the expression pattern is dormancy related in mature seeds. we have expressed the arabidopsis 1-cys prx atper1 in escherichia coli and show that this protein has antioxidant activity in vitro and protects e. coli in vivo ... | 2003 | 14526116 |
| exogenous silicon (si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | two contrasting barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cultivars, i.e. kepin no.7 (salt sensitive) and jian 4 (salt tolerant), were grown hydroponically to study the effect of exogenous silicon (si) on time dependent changes of the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and of lipid peroxidation in roots under salt stress. enzymes included: superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod), catalase (cat) and glutathione reductase (gr). three treatments with three replicates were investigated consisting of a c ... | 2003 | 14610884 |
| functional analysis of barley rac/rop g-protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus. | small monomeric g-proteins of the plant ras (rat sarcome oncogene product) related c3 botulinum toxin substrate (rac)/rho of plants (rop) family are molecular switches in signal transduction of many cellular processes. rac/rops regulate hormone effects, subcellular gradients of ca2+, the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. therefore, we followed a genetic bottom-up strategy to study the role of these proteins during the interaction of barle ... | 2003 | 14617061 |
| willet m. hays, great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of our association. | willet m. hays was a great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of the american genetic association (aga). we commemorate the aga's centennial. we mined university archives, u.s. department of agriculture (usda) yearbooks, plant breeding textbooks, scientific periodicals, and descendants for information. willet hays first recognized the individual plant as the unit of selection and started systematic pure-line selection and progeny tests in 1888. he developed useful plant breeding method ... | 2003 | 14691309 |
| effectiveness of predators and parasitoids for the natural control of diuraphis noxia (homoptera: aphididae) on barley in central ethiopia. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdj.), is a serious threat for the production of barley, hordeum vulgare l., in ethiopia. the pest can cause up to 100% yield losses in years of heavy infestation. natural control of d. noxia by using predators and parasitoids might be the best alternative both from economical and ecological point of view. in this regard, a field investigation was conducted during the 2001 spring cropping season at fitche, central ethiopia to determine abundance of d. ... | 2003 | 15149108 |
| biosensor reporting of root exudation from hordeum vulgare in relation to shoot nitrate concentration. | the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between shoot nitrate concentration, mediated by nitrate supply to roots, and root exudation from hordeum vulgare. plants were grown for 14 d in c-free sand microcosms, supplied with nutrient solution containing 2 mm nitrate. after this period, three treatments were applied for a further 14 d: (a) continued supply with 2 mm nitrate (zero boost), (b) supply with 10 mm nitrate (low boost), and (c) supply with 20 mm nitrate (high boost). at th ... | 2003 | 12493860 |
| rapid increase of vacuolar volume in response to salt stress. | suspension-cultured cells of mangrove [bruguiera sexangula (lour.) poir.] showed a rapid increase in vacuolar volume under salt stress, although there was no change in the cell volume. the rapid increase in the vacuolar volume was an active process, which followed the activation of the tonoplast h(+)-atpase and the vacuolar acid phosphatase. the same phenomenon was observed in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. doriru) root meristematic cells under salt stress but not in pea ( pisum sativum l.). inc ... | 2003 | 12520330 |
| sucrose-phosphatase gene families in plants. | sucrose-phosphatase (spp; ec 3.1.3.24) catalyzes the final step in the pathway of sucrose biosynthesis and higher plants contain multiple isoforms of the enzyme encoded by different genes. the genome of the dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) contains four spp-like genes on chromosomes 1 (atspp1), 2 (atspp2) and 3 (atspp3a and atspp3b), all of which are expressed. the genome of the monocotyledonous plant rice (oryza sativa) also contains four spp-like genes, which have very s ... | 2003 | 12559580 |
| acquired resistance functions in mlo barley, which is hypersusceptible to magnaporthe grisea. | barley plants carrying a mutation in the mlo (barley [hordeum vulgare l.] cultivar ingrid) locus conferring a durable resistance against powdery mildew are hypersusceptible to the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. it has been speculated that a functional mlo gene is required for the expression of basic pathogen resistance and that the loss of mlo function mediating powdery mildew resistance is an exception for this particular disease. here, we report that the onset of acquired resistance (ar ... | 2003 | 12575744 |
| a new class of n-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases. purification, cloning, and expression of a barley agmatine coumaroyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.64). | agmatine coumaroyltransferase (act), which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of antifungal hydroxycinnamoylagmatine derivatives, was purified to apparent homogeneity from 3-day-old etiolated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) seedlings. the enzyme was highly specific for agmatine as acyl acceptor and had the highest specificity for p-coumaroyl-coa among various acyl donors with a specific activity of 29.7 nanokatal x mg(-1) protein. barley act was found to be a single polypeptide chain of 48 ... | 2003 | 12582168 |
| localisation of genes for resistance against blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei and puccinia graminis in a cross between a barley cultivar and a wild barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) line. | the aims of this investigation have been to map new (quantitative) resistance genes against powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei l., and leaf rust, caused by puccinia hordei l., in a cross between the barley ( hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) cultivar "vada" and the wild barley ( hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) line "1b-87" originating from israel. the population consisted of 121 recombinant inbred lines. resistance against leaf rust and powdery mildew was tested on detached le ... | 2003 | 12582863 |
| powdery mildew-induced mla mrnas are alternatively spliced and contain multiple upstream open reading frames. | in barley (hordeum vulgare), the mla13 powdery mildew resistance gene confers rar1-dependent, avrmla13-specific resistance to blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh). we have identified cdna and genomic copies of mla13 and used this coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein-encoding gene as a model for the regulation of host resistance to obligate biotrophic fungi in cereals. we demonstrate quantitatively that a rapid increase in the accumulation of mla transcripts and transc ... | 2003 | 12586880 |
| 14-3-3 isoforms and pattern formation during barley microspore embryogenesis. | the members of the 14-3-3 isoform family have been shown to be developmentally regulated during animal embryogenesis, where they take part in cell differentiation processes. 14-3-3 isoform-specific expression patterns were studied in plant embryogenic processes, using barley (hordeum vulgare l.) microspore embryogenesis as a model system. after embryogenesis induction by stress, microspores with enlarged morphology showed higher viability than non-enlarged ones. following microspore culture, cel ... | 2003 | 12598573 |
| purification and identification of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) proteins that inhibit the alkaline serine proteinases of fusarium culmorum. | it has been proposed that microbial proteinase inhibitors, which are present in abundance in cereal grains, protect the seed against plant pathogens. so far, however, very little is known about the interactions of those inhibitors with the proteinases of phytopathogenic microbes. the increased alkaline proteinase activities of fusarium head blight (fhb) diseased wheat and barley grain imply that the fusarium fungi synthesize those enzymes during the colonization of the kernel. to study which bar ... | 2003 | 12617610 |
| population genetic structure of pyrenophora teres drechs. the causal agent of net blotch in sardinian landraces of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | monoconidial cultures of pyrenophora teres, the causal agent of barley net blotch, were isolated from leaves collected from six populations of the barley landrace "s'orgiu sardu" growing in five agro-ecological areas of sardinia, italy, and genotyped using aflps. the 150 isolates were from lesions of either the "net form" (p. teres f. sp. teres) or the "spot form" (p. teres f. sp. maculata) of the disease. of 121 aflp markers, 42%, were polymorphic. cluster analysis resolved the isolates into tw ... | 2003 | 12647071 |
| reactive oxygen intermediates in plant-microbe interactions: who is who in powdery mildew resistance? | reactive oxygen intermediates (rois) such as hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and the superoxide anion radical (o*(2)(-)) accumulate in many plants during attack by microbial pathogens. despite a huge number of studies, the complete picture of the role of rois in the host-pathogen interaction is not yet fully understood. this situation is reflected by the controversially discussed question as to whether rois are key factors in the establishment and maintenance of either host cell inaccessibility or ... | 2003 | 12687357 |
| initial crop growth in soil collected from a closed animal waste lagoon. | in the 21st century, remediation of the soil beneath animal waste lagoons will become an important issue, as they are closed due to environmental regulations or to abandonment. the possibility of growing crops in the soil, which has high concentrations of ammonium-n, has not been studied. the objective of this experiment was to determine if crop species would germinate and grow in lagoon soil. soil was gathered from a lagoon that had received wastes from swine (sus scrofa) and beef (bos taurus) ... | 2003 | 12733569 |
| role of reactive oxygen species in the response of barley to necrotrophic pathogens. | the interactions between hordeum vulgare(barley) and two fungal necrotrophs, rhynchosporium secalis and pyrenophora teres (causal agents of barley leaf scald and net blotch), were investigated in a detached-leaf system. an early oxidative burst specific to epidermal cells was observed in both the susceptible and resistant responses to r. secalis, and later on, a second susceptible-specific burst was observed. time points of the first and the second burst correlated closely with pathogen contact ... | 2003 | 12768351 |
| identification, cloning and characterization of two thioredoxin h isoforms, hvtrxh1 and hvtrxh2, from the barley seed proteome. | two thioredoxin h isoforms, hvtrxh1 and hvtrxh2, were identified in two and one spots, respectively, in a proteome analysis of barley (hordeum vulgare) seeds based on 2d gel electrophoresis and ms. hvtrxh1 was observed in 2d gel patterns of endosperm, aleurone layer and embryo of mature barley seeds, and hvtrxh2 was present mainly in the embryo. during germination, hvtrxh2 decreased in abundance and hvtrxh1 decreased in the aleurone layer and endosperm but remained at high levels in the embryo. ... | 2003 | 12787030 |
| analysis of genetic diversity of hordein in wild close relatives of barley from tibet. | we analyzed genetic diversity in the storage protein hordein encoded at hor-1, hor-2 and hor-3 loci in seeds from 211 accessions of wild close relatives of barley, hordeum vulgare ssp. agriocrithon and h. vulgare ssp. spontaneum. altogether 32, 27 and 13 different phenotypes were found for hor-1, hor-2 and hor-3, respectively. a comparison of our results with those of previous studies indicates that tibetan samples reflect the highest diverse level of hordein phenotypes when compared to samples ... | 2003 | 12819910 |
| cytological and molecular analysis of the hordeum vulgare-puccinia triticina nonhost interaction. | cultivated barley, hordeum vulgare l., is considered to be a nonhost or intermediate host species for the wheat leaf rust fungus puccinia triticina. here, we have investigated, at the microscopic and molecular levels, the reaction of barley cultivars to wheat leaf rust infection. in the nonhost resistant cultivar cebada capa, abortion of fungal growth occurred at both pre- and posthaustorial stages, suggesting that defense genes are expressed throughout the development of the inappropriate fungu ... | 2003 | 12848428 |
| cloning and expression of a new tibetan hulless barley (hordeum vulgare) beta-1,3-glucanase gene. | a new full-length beta-1,3-glucanase cdna was obtained by rt-pcr and race techniques from tibet hulless barley and its complete gene sequence obtained by dna walking. sequence alignment with the blast program showed that cdna has high similarity with barley beta-1,3-glucanase ii. the gene was functionally expressed in e. coli and the recombinant protein catalysed the hydrolysis of beta-1,3-glucan with an action pattern characteristic of a beta-1,3-glucan endohydrolase (ec 3.2.1.39). southern blo ... | 2003 | 12882155 |
| resistance genes in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and their identification with molecular markers. | current information on barley resistance genes available from scientific papers and on-line databases is summarised. the recent literature contains information on 107 major resistance genes (r genes) against fungal pathogens (excluding powdery mildew), pathogenic viruses and aphids identified in hordeum vulgare accessions. the highest number of resistance genes was identified against puccinia hordei, rhynchosporium secalis, and the viruses baymv and bammv, with 17, 14 and 13 genes respectively. ... | 2003 | 12923305 |
| salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. | salicylic acid (sa) plays a key role in plant disease resistance and hypersensitive cell death but is also implicated in hardening responses to abiotic stressors. cadmium (cd) exposure increased the free sa contents of barley (hordeum vulgare) roots by a factor of about 2. cultivation of dry barley caryopses presoaked in sa-containing solution for only 6 h or single transient addition of sa at a 0.5 mm concentration to the hydroponics solution partially protected the seedlings from cd toxicity d ... | 2003 | 12746532 |
| primer extension studies on alpha-amylase mrnas in barley aleurone. ii. hormonal regulation of expression. | relative levels of different alpha-amylase mrnas were assessed by primer extension experiments using rna prepared from aleurone of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. himalaya). three different aleurone systems were studied: protoplasts prepared from aleurone layers, isolated aleurone layers, and aleurone from germinated grain. oligonucleotide primers specific for the low-pi and high-pi alpha-amylase groups allowed the levels of different alpha-amylase mrnas to be assessed both within and between the ... | 2003 | 1868201 |
| effect of compost and manure soil amendments on nematodes and on yields of potato and barley: a 7-year study. | a 7-year study located in prince edward island, canada, examined the influence of compost and manure on crop yield and nematode populations. the compost used in this study consisted of cull waste potatoes, sawdust, and beef manure in a 3:3:1 ratio, respectively. no plant-parasitic nematodes were detected in samples collected from windrow compost piles at 5- and 30-cm depths prior to application on field plots. low population densities of bacterial-feeding nematodes were recovered from compost wi ... | 2003 | 19262763 |
| new perspectives on proanthocyanidin biochemistry and molecular regulation. | our understanding of proanthocyanidin (syn. condensed tannin) synthesis has been recently extended by substantial developments concerning both structural and regulatory genes. a gene encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase has been obtained from the tropical forage, desmodium uncinatum, with the latter enzyme catalyzing formation of (+)-catechin. the banyuls gene in arabidopsis thaliana, previously proposed to encode leucoanthocyanidin reductase or to regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, has be ... | 2003 | 12943753 |
| nanolitre-scale assays to determine the activities of enzymes in individual plant cells. | there are a variety of methods for characterising gene expression at the level of individual cells and for demonstrating that the cells also contain the encoded proteins. however, measuring the activity of enzymes at the resolution of single cells in complex tissues, such as leaves, is problematic. we have addressed this by using single-cell sampling to extract 10-100 pl droplets of sap from individual plant cells and then measuring enzyme activities in these droplets with nanolitre-scale fluore ... | 2003 | 12753593 |
| damage potential of grasshoppers (orthoptera: acrididae) on early growth stages of small-grains and canola under subarctic conditions. | we characterized the type and extent of grasshopper injury to above- and below-ground plant parts for four crops [barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and canola (brassica campestris l.)] commonly grown, or with potential to grow, in central alaska. cages were placed on 48 pots containing plants in second to third leaf stages and stocked with 0, 2, 4, and 6 first-instar melanoplus sanguinipes f. pot(-1). plants were harvested 22 d after planting. ste ... | 2003 | 14503591 |
| development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify soluble beta-glucans in oats and barley. | a set of 31 murine monoclonal antibodies was produced against (1-->3,1-->4)beta-d-glucan from oats (avena sativa l.) chemically cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. monoclonal antibodies were tested for their cross-reactivity to related and unrelated polysaccharides. the antibodies reacted strongly to unmodified beta-glucan from oats and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and to lichenan from icelandic moss, a polysaccharide with a structure similar to that of beta-glucan but which is not encount ... | 2003 | 13129289 |
| characterization of two phases of chlorophyll formation during greening of etiolated barley leaves. | the esterification kinetics of chlorophyllide, obtained by a single flash of light, were investigated in etiolated barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) and oat ( avena sativa l.) leaves. a rapid phase, leading to esterification of 15% of total chlorophyllide within 15-30 s, was followed by a lag-phase of nearly 2 min and a subsequent main phase, leading to esterification of 85% of total chlorophyllide within 30-60 min. the presence of additional protochlorophyllide, produced in the leaves by incubation ... | 2003 | 12520340 |
| analysis of nuclear dna content in capsicum (solanaceae) by flow cytometry and feulgen densitometry. | flow cytometric measurements of nuclear dna content were performed using ethidium bromide as the dna stain (internal standard, hordeum vulgare 'ditta', 1c = 5.063 pg) in 25 samples belonging to nine diploid species and four varieties of capsicum: c. chacoense, c. parvifolium, c. frutescens, c. chinense, c. annuum var. annuum, c. baccatum var. baccatum, c. baccatum var. pendulum, c. baccatum var. umbilicatum, c. eximium and c. pubescens, all with 2n = 24, and c. campylopodium with 2n = 26. in add ... | 2003 | 12824068 |
| persistence and prevention of aluminium- and paraquat-induced adaptive response to methyl mercuric chloride in plant cells in vivo. | induction and persistence of adaptive response by aluminium (al), 1 or 10 microm, and paraquat (pq), 5 or 10 microm, against genotoxicity of methyl mercuric chloride (mmcl), 1.26 microm, a standard environmental genotoxin, was investigated in root meristem cells of allium cepa. subsequently, three metabolic inhibitors, namely, 3-aminobezamide (3-ab, 10 or 100 microm), an inhibitor of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) implicated in dna repair and/or apoptosis, cycloheximide (ch, 0.1 or 1 microm) ... | 2003 | 12834754 |
| molecular and carbon isotopic composition of leaf wax in vegetation and aerosols in a northern prairie ecosystem. | we measured the molecular and carbon isotopic composition of major leaf wax compound classes in northern mixed mesic prairie species (agropyron smithii, stipa viridula, bouteloua gracilis, tragopogon dubius) and in selected crops (triticum aestivum, brassica napus, hordeum vulgare, medicago sativa) of southern alberta and also in aerosols collected 4 m above the prairie canopy. our aims were to better constrain the wax biosynthetic carbon isotopic fractionation relative to the plant's carbon iso ... | 2003 | 12647105 |
| characterization of the genes encoding the cytosolic and plastidial forms of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat endosperm. | in most species, the synthesis of adp-glucose (glc) by the enzyme adp-glc pyrophosphorylase (agpase) occurs entirely within the plastids in all tissues so far examined. however, in the endosperm of many, if not all grasses, a second form of agpase synthesizes adp-glc outside the plastid, presumably in the cytosol. in this paper, we show that in the endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum), the cytosolic form accounts for most of the agpase activity. using a combination of molecular and biochemical ... | 2002 | 12428011 |
| chlorophyll breakdown in spinach: on the structure of five nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites. | in extracts of senescent leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea), five colourless compounds with uv/vis-characteristics of nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (nccs) were detected and tentatively named so-nccs. the most abundant polar ncc in the leaves of this vegetable, so-ncc-2, had been isolated earlier and its constitution was determined by spectroscopic means. the catabolite so-ncc-2 was found to be an epimer of a polar ncc from barley (hordeum vulgare), the first non-green chlorophyll cat ... | 2002 | 16228549 |
| progress in breeding low phytate crops. | populations that depend on grains and legumes as staple foods consume diets rich in phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexkisphosphate), the storage form of phosphorus in seeds. this compound binds tightly to important mineral nutrients such as iron and zinc, forming salts that are largely excreted. this phenomenon can contribute to mineral depletion and deficiency. as one approach to solving this and environmental problems associated with seed-derived dietary phytic acid, the u. s. departmen ... | 2002 | 11880580 |
| lycopersicon assays of chemical/radiation genotoxicity for the study of environmental mutagens. | from a literature survey, 21 chemicals are tabulated that have been evaluated in 39 assays for their clastogenic effects in lycopersicon. nineteen of the 21 chemicals are reported as giving a positive reaction (i.e. causing chromosome aberrations). of these, five are reported positive with a dose response. in addition, 23 assays have been recorded for six types of radiation, all of which reacted positively. the results of 102 assays with 32 chemicals and seven types of radiation tested for the i ... | 2002 | 12088718 |
| gramene, a tool for grass genomics. | gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (oryza sativa). it combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. gramene curators read and extract detailed information from published sources, summarize that information in a stru ... | 2002 | 12481044 |
| rflp mapping of a hordeum bulbosum gene highly expressed in pistils and its relationship to homoeologous loci in other gramineae species. | a cdna sequence (hbc8-2) isolated from pistils of the self-incompatible species hordeum bulbosum was analysed for expression pattern and genetic map location. hbc8-2 was expressed just prior to anthesis in mature pistils, and expression was maintained at a high level throughout anthesis. the same expression pattern was found in self-incompatible rye ( secale cereale), but no expression was detected in the self-compatible cereals wheat ( triticum aestivum) or barley ( hordeum vulgare) at comparab ... | 2002 | 12582529 |
| resistance to scald (rhynchosporium secalis) in barley (hordeum vulgare) studied by near-isogenic lines: i. markers and differential isolates. | abstract near-isogenic lines (nils) with resistance for scald in seventh generation backcross with 'ingrid' as recurrent parent (rp) were tested with seven differential isolates of rhynchosporium secalis in norway and canada. nils of 'turk', 'brier', 'ci 8162', 'la mesita', 'hispont', 'atlas 46', 'modoc', 'hudson', 'abyssinian', 'steudelli', and 'ci 2222' also were evaluated for field reactions. the genetic characterization of the nils (degree of isogeneity with ingrid) and with each other was c ... | 2002 | 18943266 |
| a novel nucleus-targeted protein is expressed in barley leaves during senescence and pathogen infection. | the barley (hordeum vulgare) cdna hvs40 represents a gene with enhanced mrna level during leaf senescence. biolistic transformation of onion (allium cepa) epidermal cell layers with a glucuronidase fusion protein construct provided evidence that the 15.4-kd protein encoded by hvs40 is localized to the nucleus. expression of the gene is induced by jasmonate and salicylic acid; both are known to act as signaling compounds during senescence and defense toward pathogens. transcript levels of hvs40 w ... | 2002 | 12427984 |
| the molecular characterization of two barley proteins establishes the novel pr-17 family of pathogenesis-related proteins. | summary two barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cdna clones (pbh6-12 and pbh6-17) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from leaves 6 h after inoculation with blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh). the two transcripts accumulate strongly in response to bgh, peaking around 6, 15-24 and 48-96 h after inoculation, concomitant with fungal penetration attempts, hypersensitive response and fungal growth. the encoded proteins, hvpr-17a and hvpr-17b, belong to a new family of plant pathogenesis-related prot ... | 2002 | 20569319 |
| the search for qtl in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) using a new mapping population. | ninety-nine different lines of the doubled-haploid f2 winter barley population w766 ('angora' x 'w704/137') were genetically fingerprinted using aflp, microsatellite, morphological and resistance markers. a preliminary map consisting of seven linkage groups is presented. the map contains a highly distorted region on the long arm of chromosome 3h reflecting preselection of the genotypes for resistance against barley mild mosaic virus. qtl analysis of morphological and phenological traits yielded ... | 2002 | 12378258 |
| function of a plant stress-induced gene, hva22. synthetic enhancement screen with its yeast homolog reveals its role in vesicular traffic. | expression of the barley (hordeum vulgare) hva22 gene is induced by environmental stresses, such as dehydration, salinity, and extreme temperatures, and by a plant stress hormone, abscisic acid. genes sharing high level of sequence similarities with hva22 exist in diverse eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi, but not in any prokaryotic organisms. the yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) hva22 homolog, yop1p, has been shown to interact with the gtpase-interacting protein, yip1p. ... | 2002 | 12427979 |
| isolation of fungal cell wall degrading proteins from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves infected with rhynchosporium secalis. | proteins with antifungal activity towards rhynchosporium secalis conidia were isolated from the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) of barley leaves. the active components were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography under conditions that maintained biological activity. five major barley iwf proteins deleterious to the cell wall of viable r. secalis conidia were isolated and identified by a combination of n-terminal amino acid sequencing, peptide mapping, and determination of mass and i ... | 2002 | 12437301 |
| impact of biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 on rhizosphere bacteria isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) with special reference to cytophaga-like bacteria. | to assess the impact of the biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 on a collection of barley rhizosphere bacteria using an agar plate inhibition assay and a plant microcosm, focusing on a cha0-sensitive member of the cytophaga-like bacteria (clb). | 2002 | 12452964 |
| impact of fungicides on active oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) exposed to ozone. | two modern fungicides, a strobilurin, azoxystrobin (azo), and a triazole, epoxiconazole (epo), applied as foliar spray on spring barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. scarlett) 3 days prior to fumigation with injurious doses of ozone (150-250 ppb; 5 days; 7 h/day) induced a 50-60% protection against ozone injury on leaves. fungicide treatments of barley plants at growth stage (gs) 32 significantly increased the total leaf soluble protein content. additionally, activities of the antioxidative enzymes su ... | 2002 | 11808554 |
| idi7, a new iron-regulated abc transporter from barley roots, localizes to the tonoplast. | a new fe-deficiency-induced cdna, idi7, was isolated from the roots of fe-deficient barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. ehimehadaka no. 1). the transcript levels of idi7 in roots strongly correlated with iron nutritional status, and induction by fe-deficiency was restricted to roots. excess treatment with heavy metal ions, such as copper, manganese, and zinc, did not cause obvious idi7 induction in either leaves or roots. idi7 encodes a 644 amino acid protein, and has features typical of atp-binding ... | 2002 | 11886893 |
| methyl jasmonate alters polyamine metabolism and induces systemic protection against powdery mildew infection in barley seedlings. | treatment of the first leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. golden promise) seedlings with methyl jasmonate (mj) led to small, but significant increases in levels of free putrescine and spermine 1 d later and to significant increases in levels of free putrescine, spermidine and spermine by 4 d following treatment. mj-treated first leaves also exhibited significant increases in the amounts of soluble conjugates of putrescine and spermidine 1, 2 and 4 d after treatment. in second leaves of pla ... | 2002 | 11886895 |
| a microsatellite sequence from the rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) distinguishes between the centromeres of hordeum vulgare and h. bulbosum in hybrid plants. | a tc/ag-repeat microsatellite sequence derived from the rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) hybridized to all of the centromeres of hordeum vulgare chromosomes, but hybridized faintly or not at all to the chromosomes of hordeum bulbosum. using this h. vulgare centromere-specific probe, the chromosomes of four f1 hybrids between h. vulgare and h. bulbosum were analyzed. the chromosome constitution in the root tips of the hybrids was mosaic, i.e., 7 (7v, h. vulgare) and 14 (7v + 7b h. bulbosum) ... | 2002 | 11908659 |