Publications

malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in plant tissue cultures: lc-ms determination of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives.	the cytologically active secondary lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (mda) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hne) have been detected as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (dnp) derivatives in plant tissue cultures using lc-ms. this paper reports, for the first time, the use of lc-ms methodology to definitively identify 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in plants. limits of detection for the two derivatives are approximately 5 pmol (1.2 x 10(-9) g; 1 microm) and 0.1 pmol (3 x 10(-11) g; 20 nm) respectively. ma ...	1997	9350430
action spectrum for induction of promoter activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene by uv in carrot suspension cells.	the full-length promoter (-2335) of the carrot (daucus carota) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (gdcpal1) fused to the luciferase reporter gene was transiently transformed to carrot protoplasts by electroporation, and the promoter activity induced by monochromatic uv light of various wavelengths was examined. the action spectrum constructed from the fluence-response curves showed a single peak at around 280 nm, suggesting that the activation of the gdcpal1 promoter is categorizable as one of the ...	1997	9337617
peripheral framework of carrot cell nucleus contains a novel protein predicted to exhibit a long alpha-helical domain.	a monoclonal antibody, cml-1, raised against carrot (daucus carota l.) nuclear-matrix proteins selectively labeled the nuclear periphery of carrot protoplasts when visualized by confocal and electron microscopy. to identify the constituent proteins of higher plant cells structurally homologous to the vertebrate nuclear lamina, we cloned overlapping cdnas partially encoding a cml-1-recognized protein and determined the entire sequence including the open reading frame. when the deduced amino acid ...	1997	9141634
distinction between endoplasmic reticulum-type and plasma membrane-type ca2+ pumps (partial purification of a 120-kilodalton ca2+-atpase from endomembranes).	two biochemical types of ca2+-pumping atpases were distinguished in membranes that were isolated from carrot (daucus carota) suspension-cultured cells. one type hydrolyzed gtp nearly as well as atp, was stimulated by calmodulin, and was resistant to cyclopiazonic acid. this plasma membrane (pm)-type pump was associated with pms and endomembranes, including vacuolar membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum (er). another pump ("er-type") that was associated mainly with the er hydrolyzed atp prefere ...	1997	12223624
polyamines and pectins (i. ion exchange and selectivity).	the ion-binding and -exchange properties of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine on purified walls of carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions were investigated by producing ion-exchange isotherms and comparing them with the behavior of na+, mg2+, and ca2+. the cation exchange capacity of the carrot cell walls was 0.8 equivalent kg-1 dry matter, and the ionic selectivity sequence of the walls for polyamines followed the sequence spermine4+ > spermidine3+ [almost equal to] ca2+ > putrescine2+. ...	1997	12223613
rhamnogalacturonan ii, a dominant polysaccharide in juices produced by enzymic liquefaction of fruits and vegetables.	rhamnogalacturonan ii (rg-ii), a small complex pectic polysaccharide, is released from apple (malus domestica), carrot (daucus carota), and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) by treatment with two commercial liquefying enzyme preparations. rg-ii was isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from apple, tomato, and carrot juices obtained by enzymic liquefaction. all the rg-iis contained the diagnostic sugars, apiose, 2-o-methyl-l-fucose, 2-o-methyl-d-xylose, aceric acid, kdo and dha. glycosyl-linkage ...	1997	9060185
plant 21d7 protein, a nuclear antigen associated with cell division, is a component of the 26s proteasome.	previously, we cloned a carrot (daucus carota l.) cdna encoding a 45-kd protein, 21d7, located in the nuclei of proliferating cells. the 21d7 protein is similar to the partial sequence of a regulatory subunit of the bovine 26s proteasome, p58 (g. demartino, c.r. moomaw, o.p. zagnitko, r.j. proske, m. chu-ping, s.j. afendis, j.c. swaffield, c.a. slaughter [1994] j biol chem 269: 20878-20884) and to the deduced sequence encoded by the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene sun2 (m. kawamura, k. kominami, j ...	1997	9008397
an extracellular insoluble inhibitor of cysteine proteinases in cell cultures and seeds of carrot.	an 18 kda extracellular insoluble protein (eip18) was found previously in amorphous particles suspended in the culture medium and in the interspaces of cell clusters of carrot (daucus carota l.) callus, as well as in the extracellular spaces of carrot seeds, being located both in the embryo and at the inner edge of the endosperm. we purified eip18 by washing the amorphous particles with the mixture of triton x-100, nacl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta). we determined several partial am ...	1997	9177316
anti-steroidogenic activity of the petroleum ether extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot (daucus carota l.) seeds in mouse ovary.	the petroleum ether extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds arrested the normal estrus cycle of adult mouse and reduced the weight of ovaries significantly. the cholesterol and ascorbic acid content in ovaries were significantly elevated due to the treatment with extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds. the significant inhibition of delta 5,3-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the two key enzymes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis ...	1997	9292415
rolb expression pattern in the early stages of carrot somatic embryogenesis.	the pattern of expression of the rolb gene, derived from the t-dna of the plant pathogen agrobacterium rhizogenes, has been investigated during the early stages of somatic embryo formation in suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.). the reporter gene gus (escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase), under transcriptional control of full-length rolb promoter region, has been utilized in order to evaluate both qualitative and quantitative variations in the expression pattern. fluorimetric measur ...	1997	9570894
a g-box-binding protein from soybean binds to the e1 auxin-response element in the soybean gh3 promoter and contains a proline-rich repression domain.	the e1 promoter fragment (-249 to -203) is one of three auxin-response elements (auxres) in the soybean (glycine max l.) gh3 promoter (z.-b. liu, t. ulmasov, x. shi, g. hagen, t.j. guilfoyle [1994] plant cell 6: 645-657). results presented here further characterize and delimit the auxre within the e1 fragment. the e1 fragment functioned as an auxre in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants, as well as in transfected protoplasts. the auxre within e1 contains a g-box, and this g-box was ...	1997	12223815
atltp1 luciferase expression during carrot somatic embryogenesis.	the carrot (daucus carota l.) ep2 gene encodes a lipid transfer protein (ltp) which is expressed during protoderm formation in developing embryos. to develop a vital reporter system for gene expression during somatic embryo development a 1.1 kb fragment of the arabidopsis thaliana ltp1 promoter was fused to the firefly luciferase (luc) coding sequence. the atltp1 luciferase expression pattern in transformed carrot suspension cultures was identical to the expression pattern of the endogenous carr ...	1997	9418058
cloning of a cdna encoding dna topoisomerase i in daucus carota and expression analysis in relation to cell proliferation.	dna topoisomerase i is an enzyme involved in several processes related to dna metabolism. despite the physiological importance, the regulation of top1 gene expression has not yet been investigated in plants. in order to monitor the possible correlation between levels of top1 transcripts and the proliferative state of the cell, two partially overlapping cdnas encoding dna topoisomerase i from daucus carota have been isolated from a poly(a)(+)-primed library, using an arabidopsis thaliana probe, a ...	1996	8996105
expression of dc8 is associated with, but not dependent on embryogenesis.	dc8 is a late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) protein gene isolated from carrot (daucus carota). deletion analysis of the dc8 promoter was performed to determine the sequences required for aba and seed-specific regulation of dc8 transcription. to investigate the mechanism of dc8 expression during seed development, chimeric gene constructs containing dc8 promoter fragments fused to a promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (dc8:gus) were introduced into carrot, tobacco (nicotiana tobacum) and arabidops ...	1996	8704145
isolation and characterization of a diverse set of genes from carrot somatic embryos.	the early events in plant embryogenesis are critical for pattern formation, since it is during this process that the primary apical meristems and the embryo polarity axis are established. however, little is known about the molecular events that are unique to the early stages of embryogenesis. this study of gene expression during plant embryogenesis is focused on identifying molecular markers from carrot (daucus carota) somatic embryos and characterizing the expression and regulation of these gen ...	1996	8938424
dna methylation and dc8-gus transgene expression in carrot (daucus carota l.).	dna methylation has been associated with gene activity in differentiating and developing plant tissues. the objective of this study was to determine the involvement of methylation in the expression of a gene transferred into carrot (daucus carota l.) tissues by particle bombardment. expression of the dc8-gus gene construct in response to treatments with 5-azacytidine (s-azac) and to in vitro methylation by methylases was investigated by histochemical assay of gus activity. the 5-azac treatment i ...	1996	24178214
quantification of contact oviposition stimulants for black swallowtail butterfly,papilio polyxenes, on the leaf surfaces of wild carrot,daucus carota.	ovipositing black swallowtail butterflies,papilio polyxenes, make their final host-selection decisions on the basis of compounds present on the leaf surface. little information is available, however, on the chemistry of leaf surfaces. the purpose of this study was to develop a technique to extract and quantify the concentrations of compounds from the leaf surfaces ofdaucus carota, one of the main host species forp. polyxenes, with particular reference to compounds already identified as contact o ...	1996	24227308
purification and characterization of neutral and alkaline invertase from carrot.	neutral and alkaline invertase were identified in cells of a suspension culture of carrot (daucus carota l.) and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. neutral invertase is an octamer with a molecular mass of 456 kd and subunits of 57 kd, whereas alkaline invertase is a tetramer with a molecular mass of 504 kd and subunits of 126 kd. both enzymes had sharp ph profiles, with maximal activities at ph 6.8 for neutral invertase and ph 8.0 for alkaline invertase, and both hydrolyzed sucrose with ty ...	1996	8972597
isozyme patterns in zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of carrot.	isozyme patterns of carrot (daucus carota l.) zygotic embryos between the torpedo stage up to 5-day-old seedlings have been compared with those of the similar stages from the embryogenic cell suspension culture to the late somatic plantlet. somatic embryos blocked at the torpedo stage by β-cyclodextrine have also been analyzed. all these stages have been analyzed with respect to seven different enzyme systems: arylesterase, glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehy ...	1996	24178665
evidence for opposing effects of calmodulin on cortical microtubules.	microtubule integrity within the cortical array was visualized in detergent-lysed carrot (daucus carota l.) protoplasts that were exposed to various exogenous levels of ca2+ and calmodulin (cam). cam appears to help stabilize cortical microtubules against the destabilizing action of ca2+/cam complexes at low ca2+ concentrations, but not at higher ca2+ concentrations. the hypothesis that cam interacts with microtubules at two different sites, determined by the concentration of ca2+, is supported ...	1996	12226434
a new protoplast culture system in daucus carota l. and its applications for mutant selection and transformation.	petiole protoplasts from in vitro-grown carrot plants are a very good alternative to traditionally obtained protoplasts from suspension cultures. high plating and regeneration efficiencies were obtained in most of the breeding lines that were tested. the embedding of the protoplasts in alginate was crucial for initiating cell division and further development. several streptomycin resistant and chlorophyll-deficient plant lines were selected for using the petiole protoplast system. maternally inh ...	1996	24162412
the effects of exogenous auxins on endogenous indole-3-acetic acid metabolism (the implications for carrot somatic embryogenesis).	the effect of auxin application on auxin metabolism was investigated in excised hypocotyl cultures of carrot (daucus carota). concentrations of both free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), [2h4]iaa, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and naphthaleneacetic acid (naa) were measured by mass spectroscopy using stable-isotope-labeled internal standards. [13c1]naa was synthesized for this purpose, thus extending the range of auxins that can be assayed by stable-isotope techniques. 2,4-dichlorophe ...	1996	12226408
purification and characterization of a wound-inducible cell wall cationic peroxidase from carrot roots.	we have isolated a novel cell wall, cationic peroxidase (pi > 9.3) from roots of the carrot plant, daucus carota. the purified isozyme, referred to as cp > 9.3, has a molecular mass of 45 kilodaltons and an reinheitzahl value of 2.3. amino-acid composition analysis and n-terminal sequencing have been performed with cp > 9.3. the n-terminal sequence shows no homology to any sequence in the protein and nucleic acid data banks. cp > 9.3 activity is induced by wounding in carrot leaves and petioles; ...	1996	8806623
molecular characterization and functional analysis of sucrose-cleaving enzymes in carrot (daucus carota l.).	the amount of carbon transported into storage organs of crop plants to a large degree determines crop yield. the role of sucrose-cleaving enzymes in this process is not clear and it is the main goal of our work to tackle this question. sucrose cleavage is catalysed either by invertase or sucrose synthase both of which exist in several isoforms with different subcellular locations. carrot (daucus carota l.) contains three major isoenzymes of acid invertase, which either accumulate as soluble poly ...	1996	21245247
characterization of membrane properties in desiccation-tolerant and -intolerant carrot somatic embryos.	in previous studies, we have shown that carrot (daucus carota l.) somatic embryos acquire complete desiccation tolerance when they are treated with abscisic acid during culture and subsequently dried slowly. with this manipulable system at hand, we have assessed damage associated with desiccation intolerance. fast drying caused loss of viability, and all k+ and carbohydrates leached from the somatic embryos within 5 min of imbibition. the phospholipid content decreased by about 20%, and the free ...	1996	12226295
visualization of plant cell walls by atomic force microscopy.	atomic force microscopy has been used to visualize the ultrastructure of hydrated plant cell wall material from prepared apple (malus pumila mill; cox orange pippin), water chestnut (eleocharis dulcis l.), potato (solanum tuberosum l.; bintje), and carrot (daucus carota l.; amsterdamse bak) parenchyma. samples of cell wall material in aqueous suspension were deposited onto freshly cleaved mica. excess water was blotted away and the moist samples were imaged in air at ambient temperature and humi ...	1996	8785273
structural and functional characterization of the intergenic spacer region of the rdna in daucus carota.	the intergenic spacer (igs) region of rdna in daucus carota contains at least eight kinds of repeated sequence. one sequence may act as a genuine initiation site for a stable transcript and another may act as a spacer promoter that may be an entry site for proteins required for transcription.	1996	8665099
extracellular calmodulin-binding proteins in plants: purification of a 21-kda calmodulin-binding protein.	a 21-kda calmodulin (cam)-binding protein and a 19-kda calmodulin-binding protein were detected in 0.1 m cacl2 extracts of angelica dahurica l. suspension-cultured cells and carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension-cultured cells, respectively, using a biotinylated cauliflower cam gel-overlay technique in the presence of 1 mm ca(2+). no bands, or very weak bands, were shown on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels overlayed with biotinylated cauliflower cam when 1 mm ca(2+) ...	1996	28321660
variations in the structure of neutral sugar chains in the pectic polysaccharides of morphologically different carrot calli and correlations with the size of cell clusters.	carrot (daucus carota l.) embryogenic callus (ec) loses its embryogenic competence and becomes non-embryogenic callus (nc) during long-term culture. with the loss of embryogenic competence, the cell clusters become smaller and the extent of intercellular attachments is reduced. pectic fractions prepared from ec and nc were separated into two subfractions by gel filtration. a difference in sugar composition between ec and nc was found only in the high-molecular-mass (ca. 1300 kda) subfraction, an ...	1996	8727449
purification and characterization of glycosyltransferases involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in cell-suspension cultures of daucus carota l.	the major anthocyanins accumulated by an afghan cultivar of daucus carota l. are cyanidin 3-(xylosylglucosylgalactosides) acylated with sinapic or ferulic acid. the formation of the branched triglycoside present as a common structural element requires an ordered sequence of glycosylation events. two of these enzymic glycosylation reactions have been detected in protein preparations from carrot cell-suspension cultures. the first step is a galactosyl transfer catalyzed by udp-galactose: cyanidin ...	1996	8717136
physiological aspects of genome variability in tissue culture. ii. growth phase-dependent quantitative variability of repetitive bstni fragments of primary cultures of daucus carota l.	systematic investigations on the occurrence of differential dna replication in carrot cultures, expressed at the total genome level, were performed. the genome of daucus carota l. could be characterized by a pattern of repetitive bstni fragments that was independent of tissue specificity or cultivar differences. characterization of the genomic dna of the secondary phloem of carrot roots, in comparison to the dna of the induced primary cultures at different growth phases, revealed dramatic differ ...	1995	24169922
physiological aspects of genome variability in tissue culture. i. growth phase-dependent differential dna methylation of the carrot genome (daucus carota l.) during primary culture.	investigations were performed on growth phase-dependent ecorii site-specific dna methylation of the carrot genome during primary culture to elucidate physiological aspects of genome dna variability in tissue culture. while dna methylation of the root cambium and the secondary phloem and petioles of carrot leaves were strikingly different, the methylation level of the secondary phloem seemed to be independent of cultivar origin, the age of the plants and the extent of secondary root growth. as wa ...	1995	24169921
callose synthesis in spirostanol treated carrot cells is not triggered by cytosolic calcium, cytosolic ph or membrane potential changes.	carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions were treated with a spirostanol saponin from yucca. this saponin is an elicitor of callose synthesis. irrespectively of the mode of action of spirostanol on the callose synthase activity itself, the spirostanol-induced callose synthesis in carrot is not preceded by changes in membrane potential, cytosolic free calcium or cytosolic ph. the inability of modulators of cytosolic free calcium content (verapamil, nifedipine and br-a23187), egta and a proton p ...	1995	8564297
inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial dna in alloplasmic forms of the genus daucus.	the inheritance of mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (ct) dna in the progeny from interspecific crosses between the cultivated carrot (daucus carota sativus) and wild forms of the genus daucus was investigated by analysis of mt and ct rflps in single plants of the parental and filial generations. we observed a strict maternal inheritance of the organellar dnas in all interspecific crosses examined. previous studies on putative f2 plants from a cross between daucus muricatus x d. carota sativus ...	1995	24169891
mitochondrial dna diversity and male sterility in natural populations of daucus carota ssp carota.	mitochondrial variability was investigated in natural populations of wild carrot (daucus carota ssp carota) in different regions: south of france, greece, and various sites in the mediterranean basin and asia. total dna was digested with two restriction endonucleases (ecorv and hindiii) and probed with three mitochondrial dma-specific genes (coxi, atp6, and coxii). twenty-five different mitochondrial types were found in 80 analyzed individuals. thirteen mitotypes were found among the 7 french po ...	1995	24169681
association of multiple gtp-binding proteins with the plant cytoskeleton and nuclear matrix.	several types of gtp-binding proteins exist in plant cells. these include the ras-related low-molecular-weight monomeric gtp-binding proteins and the multi-subunit group which more closely resembles members of the mammalian heterotrimeric g-protein family. proteins belonging to both of these families are known to be involved in cell signalling events and have until recently been assumed to be associated predominantly with membranes. we have investigated the possibility that gtp-binding proteins ...	1995	7741751
biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization of sucrose synthase from daucus carota.	sucrose synthase (ec 2.4.1.13) from carrot (daucus carota) is a tetramer with a molecular mass of 320 kd and subunits of 80 kd. the enzyme has a ph optimum of 7.0 (cleavage direction). maximal activities were measured at 55 degrees c. the km for suc was estimated as 87 mm and for udp as 0.39 mm. fructose acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor with an inhibition constant of 17.2 mm. in contrast, glucose inhibits carrot sucrose synthase uncompetitively with an inhibition constant of 4.3 mm. cdna clone ...	1995	7784526
the effects of mastoparan on the carrot cell plasma membrane polyphosphoinositide phospholipase c.	when [3h]inositol-labeled carrot (daucus carota l.) cells were treated with 10 or 25 microm wasp venom peptide mastoparan or the active analog mas-7 there was a rapid loss of more than 70% of [3h]phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate (pip) and [3h]phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (pip2) and a 3- and 4-fold increase in [3h]inositol-1,4-p2 and [3h]inositol-1,4,5-p3, respectively. the identity of [3h]inositol-1,4,5-p3 was confirmed by phosphorylation with inositol-1,4,5-p3 3-kinase and co-migra ...	1995	7716245
orf250 encodes a second subunit of an abc-type heme transporter in oenothera mitochondria.	a highly transcribed region in oenothera mitochondria codes for an open reading frame comprising 250 condons (orf250). this open reading frame shows high sequence similarity to the helc gene of rhodobacter capsulatus which encodes a subunit of a proposed abc-type heme transporter. transcripts of orf250 are edited by cytidine to uridine transitions at 29 sites, altering 10% of all encoded amino acids. genes homologous to helc have also been found in the bacteria bradyrhizobium japonicum and esche ...	1995	7862087
hepatoprotective activity of carrot (daucus carota l.) against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in mouse liver.	the effect of carrot extract on carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced acute liver damage was evaluated. the increased serum enzyme levels (viz., glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol and glutamate dehydrogenase) by ccl4-induction were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with the extract. the extract also decreased the elevated serum bilirubin and urea content due to ccl4 administration. increased activities ...	1995	7500638
comparative study of the fermentative characteristics of inulin and different types of fibre in rats inoculated with a human whole faecal flora.	it is known that the physico-chemical characteristics of fibre modify their fermentation characteristics in the colon. previously we showed the varying effects of inulin and different types of fibre on the hepatic and intestinal xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (xme) in initially germ-free rats inoculated with a human, methanogenic, whole-faecal flora (roland et al. 1994). the aim of the present work was to assess whether or not these effects could be related to differences in production of ferme ...	1995	7547841
cloning of a carrot cdna for a member of the family of adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) and characterization of the binding of nucleotides by its product after expression in e. coli.	a cdna clone, designated dcarf1, was isolated from a cdna library prepared from embryogenic cell clusters of daucus carota and characterized. the cdna (883 bp) contained an open reading frame that encoded a protein of 181 amino acid residues with significant homology to the adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) of animals and yeast. the dcarf1-related transcripts were detected at a nearly constant level during somatic embryogenesis. the dcarf1-encoded protein was expressed as a fusion protein in e. co ...	1995	7551586
nucleotide sequence of the atpase a- and b-subunits of the halophilic archaebacterium haloferax volcanii and characterization of the enzyme.	using pcr with degenerate oligonucleotides, we amplified two conserved regions of the plasma membrane atpase a (alpha)- and b (beta)-subunit-encoding genes from haloferax volcanii, a halophilic archaeon. the amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced, and then used as homologous probes to clone genomic restriction fragments, one of which contained the nearly complete atpa- and atpb-gene. to complete the latter one, we sequenced a region of an overlapping fragment using synthetic oligonucleoti ...	1995	7599166
cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase from glycine max.	cdnas encoding the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase from glycine max were isolated and sequenced. the 1794 base full length cdna contains a single open reading frame of 1593 bases. the predicted size of the encoded protein is 530 amino acids with a molecular weight of 59,707. the protein has two domains: a 226 residue dhfr domain in the n-terminus, which is over 30% identical to human dhfr or the dhfr domain of protozoal dhfr-ts, and a 304 residue thymidylate synthase (t ...	1995	7742362
purification and characterization of a soluble phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase from carrot suspension culture cells.	previously we reported the presence of a soluble phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (pi 4-kinase) in carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension culture cells (c.m. okpodu, w. gross, w.f. boss [1990] plant physiol 93: s-63). we have purified the enzyme over 1000-fold using q-sepharose ion exchange, hydroxylapatite, and g-100 gel filtration column chromatography. the mr of the enzyme was estimated to be 83,000 by gel filtration. pi 4-kinase activity was recovered after renaturation of the 80-kd region of pol ...	1995	12228376
increased putrescine biosynthesis through transfer of mouse ornithine decarboxylase cdna in carrot promotes somatic embryogenesis.	carrot (daucus carota l.) cells were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing 3[prime]-truncated mouse ornithine decarboxylase (odc) cdna under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. a neomycin phosphotransferase gene linked with a nopaline synthase promoter was used to select transformed cell lines on kanamycin. although the nontransformed cells contained no odc, high amounts of mouse-specific odc activity were observed in the transformed cells. transgenic ...	1995	12228581
heat shock disrupts cap and poly(a) tail function during translation and increases mrna stability of introduced reporter mrna.	the effect of heat shock on translational efficiency and message stability of a reporter mrna was examined in carrot (daucus carota). heat shock of short duration resulted in an increase in protein yield, whereas repression was observed following extended exposure to the stress. regardless of the duration of the heat shock, a loss in the function of the 5[prime] cap [m7g(5[prime])ppp(5[prime])n, where n represents any nucleotide] and the 3[prime] poly(a) tail, two regulatory elements that work i ...	1995	12228574
mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells in cell culture systems.	plant cell functions have been investigated in various cell culture systems. in this review, we summarize results obtained from investigations of gene expression during the cell cycle in synchronized cultures of catharanthus roseus during somatic embryogenesis in suspension cultures of daucus carota, during organogenesis in tissue cultures of arabidopsis thaliana and during the transdifferentiation of isolated mesophyll cells to tracheary elements in single-cell cultures of zinnia elegans.	1994	7981037
apparent role of phosphatidylcholine in the metabolism of petroselinic acid in developing umbelliferae endosperm.	studies were conducted to characterize the metabolism of the unusual fatty acid petroselinic acid (18:1cis[delta]6) in developing endosperm of the umbelliferae species coriander (coriandrum sativum l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.). analyses of fatty acid compositions of glycerolipids of these tissues revealed a dissimilar distribution of petroselinic acid in triacylglycerols (tag) and the major polar lipids phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe). petroselinic acid comprised ...	1994	12232131
the metabolites of the herbicide l-phosphinothricin (glufosinate) (identification, stability, and mobility in transgenic, herbicide-resistant, and untransformed plants).	the metabolism of the herbicide l-phosphinothricin (l-pt) was analyzed in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), alfalfa (medicago sativa), and carrot (daucus carota). in transgenic, pt-resistant plants expressing the pt-n-acetyltransferase gene (pat), l-pt was acetylated, resulting in two forms of n-acetyl-pt (ac-pt). in transgenic plants expressing only low pat-encoded acetylating activity as well as in genetically unmodified plants, three metabolic compounds 4-methylphosphinico-2-oxo-butanoic acid, 3-m ...	1994	12232195
molecular genetics of the maize (zea mays l.) aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase gene family.	aspartate kinase (ak) and homoserine dehydrogenase (hsdh) are enzymes in the aspartate-derived amino acid biosynthetic pathway. recent biochemical evidence indicates that an ak-hsdh bifunctional enzyme exists in maize (zea mays l.). in this report, we characterize three genes that encode subunits of ak-hsdh. two cdnas, pakhsdh1 and pakhsdh2, containing the full-coding sequence, and one partial cdna, pakhsdh3, encode amino acid sequences similar to the reported monofunctional ak and hsdh enzymes ...	1994	7846152
the highly edited orf206 in oenothera mitochondria may encode a component of a heme transporter involved in cytochrome c biogenesis.	a highly transcribed region in oenothera mitochondria codes for a reading frame (orf206) which shows high homology to the marchantia encoded mitochondrial open reading frame orf277 and is also conserved in the mitochondrial genomes of arabidopsis thaliana and daucus carota. transcripts of orf206 are modified by cytidine to uridine changes in 46 positions by rna editing, affecting 30% of all cytidines and 15% of the total encoded amino acids. this orf is cotranscribed with an upstream reading fra ...	1994	8003696
cdna cloning of carrot (daucus carota) soluble acid beta-fructofuranosidases and comparison with the cell wall isoenzyme.	carrot (daucus carota), like most other plants, contains various isoenzymes of acid beta-fructofuranosidase (beta f) (invertase), which either accumulate as soluble polypeptides in the vacuole (isoenzymes i and ii) or are ionically bound to the cell wall (extracellular beta f). using antibodies against isoenzyme i of carrot soluble beta f, we isolated several cdna clones encoding polypeptides with sequences characteristic of beta fs, from bacteria, yeast, and plants. the cdna-derived polypeptide ...	1994	8016265
[the in vitro action of plants on vibrio cholerae].	natural products of several plants, according to the geographic location, are used by peruvian people in the popular treatment of diarrhea, with good success. when cholerae cases appeared in peru, we were interested to know the "in vitro" effect against vibrio cholerae 01, of these useful plants to treat diarrhea. the following plants were tested: cichorium intybus, althaea officinalis, psorela glandulosa, geranium maculatum, punica granatum, malus sativa, cydonia oblonga, chenopodium ambrosoide ...	1994	8018898
a trna gene mapping within the chloroplast rdna cluster is differentially expressed during the development of daucus carota.	in vivo analysis of expression of the chloroplast rdna cluster during somatic embryogenesis of daucus carota (d.carota) was performed by northern-blot analysis with different dna probes, spanning both the 16s rrna gene, the 16s-23s rrna spacer, which contains the two mosaic trna genes trna(ile) and trna(ala), and the region upstream of the 16s rrna gene, where a trna(val) maps. we show that expression both of the spacer trnas trna(ile) and trna(ala) is not significantly regulated during developm ...	1994	8202376
analysis of the rolc promoter region involved in somatic embryogenesis-related activation in carrot cell cultures.	in cell cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.), somatic embryogenesis can be induced by transferring cells from a medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) to one devoid of 2,4-d. previous analysis of transgenic carrot cells containing the 5' non-coding sequence of the ri plasmid rolc and a structural gene for bacterial beta-glucuronidase (uida) has shown that the chimeric gene is actively expressed after induction of somatic embryogenesis. in this study, we demonstrate that activa ...	1994	8016259
fourier-transform raman and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (an investigation of five higher plant cell walls and their components).	infrared and raman spectra of sequentially extracted primary cell walls and their pectic polymers were obtained from five angiosperm plants. fourier-transform raman spectrometry was shown to be a powerful tool for the investigation of primary cell-wall architecture at a molecular level, providing complementary information to that obtained by fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. the use of an extraction procedure using imidazole instead of cyclohexane trans-1,2-n,n,n[prime],n[prime]-diam ...	1994	12232436
inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate production in plant cells: stimulation by the venom peptides, melittin and mastoparan.	the ability of the amphiphilic peptides, melittin and mastoparan, to modulate the production of inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate in cultured plant (daucus carota l.) cells was investigated. when added to intact cells melittin and mastoparan caused a rapid and dose-dependent increase in inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate concentrations. in isolated protoplasts, inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate levels were 12- to 16-fold higher than in the corresponding cells and neither melittin nor mastoparan was able to sign ...	1994	7999106
production and analysis of asymmetric hybrid plants between monocotyledon (oryza sativa l.) and dicotyledon (daucus carota l.).	asymmetric hybrid plants were obtained from fused protoplasts of a monocotyledon (oryza sativa l.) and a dicotyledon (daucus carota l.). x-ray-irradiated protoplasts isolated from a cytoplasmic malesterile (cms) carrot suspension culture were fused with iodoacetoamide-treated protoplasts isolated from a 5-methyltryptophan (5mt)-resistant rice suspension culture by electrofusion. the complementary recovered cells divided and formed colonies, which were then cultivated on regeneration medium suppl ...	1994	24177855
ammonium assimilation and the role of [gamma]-aminobutyric acid in ph homeostasis in carrot cell suspensions.	in vivo 15n nmr spectroscopy was used to monitor the assimilation of ammonium by cell-suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l. cv chantenay). the cell suspensions were supplied with oxygen in the form of either pure oxygen ("oxygenated cells") or air ("aerated cells"). in contrast to oxygenated cells, in which ammonium assimilation had no effect on cytoplasmic ph, ammonium assimilation by aerated cells caused a decrease in cytoplasmic ph of almost 0.2 ph unit. this led to a change in nitr ...	1994	12232346
high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dietary fibre in raw and processed carrots.	an hplc method was developed to determine dietary fibre in carrots (daucus carota l.). primary hydrolysis of dietary fibre residue was performed with 12 m h2so4 for 2 h at 40 degrees c and secondary hydrolysis with 0.414 m h2so4 for 3 h at 100 degrees c. for the neutralization step prior to injection, ag4-x4 resin (bio-rad) was used. neutral monosaccharides were separated using an hpx-87p column (bio-rad). this method was applied for evaluation of the quantitative variation of dietary fibre cont ...	1994	7921187
chlorsulfuron resistance in daucus carota cell lines and plants:involvement of gene amplification.	daucus carota l. cell lines stably resistant to the herbicide chlorsulfuron (cs) have been isolated according to a stepwise selection. studies carried out during different selection steps show that the specific activity of the target enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas) increases along with cs resistance. southern hybridization analysis performed with abrassica napus ahas probe in a cs highly-resistant cell line reveals the presence of a greatly amplifiedecori fragment of genomic dna. this in ...	1994	24186104
voltage-dependent calcium-permeable channels in the plasma membrane of a higher plant cell.	numerous biological assays and pharmacological studies on various higher plant tissues have led to the suggestion that voltage-dependent plasma membrane ca2+ channels play prominent roles in initiating signal transduction processes during plant growth and development. however, to date no direct evidence has been obtained for the existence of such depolarization-activated ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells. carrot suspension cells (daucus carota l.) provide a well-suited s ...	1994	8039493
production of somatic hybrids between daucus carota l. and nicotiana tabacum.	protoplasts of a kanamycin-resistant (kr, nuclear genome), streptomycin-resistant (sr, chloroplast genome) and chlorophyll-deficient (a1, nuclear genome) nicotiana tabacum (kr-sa) cell suspension cultures or x-ray-irradiated mesophyll protoplasts of kanamycin- and streptomycin-resistant green plants (kr-sr) were fused with protoplasts of a cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) daucus carota l. cell suspension cultures by electrofusion. somatic hybrid plants were selected for kanamycin resistance and th ...	1994	24185885
xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity in carrot cell suspensions during cell elongation and somatic embryogenesis.	xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (xet) has been proposed to contribute to cell elongation through wall loosening. to explore this relationship further, we assayed this enzyme activity in suspensions of carrot (daucus carota l.) cells exhibiting various rates of cell elongation. in one cell line, elongation was induced by dilution into dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-free medium. during this elongation, 93% of the xet activity was found in the culture medium; in nonelongating controls, by contr ...	1993	12231995
novel o-d-galacturonoyl esters in the pectic polysaccharides of suspension-cultured plant cells.	driselase digestion of uronate-6-14c-labeled primary walls of cultured spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) cells yielded about 18 novel uronate-containing compounds, most of which could be hydrolyzed by cold dilute alkali to yield oligo-[14c]galacturonides. one typical driselase digestion product (compound 17) yielded alpha-(1-->4)-d-[14c]galacturonotriose(gala3) upon very mild treatment with alkali (50% yield of gala3 in 7.2 min at ph 11 and 25 degrees c). one of the three galacturonate residues in ...	1993	8022945
a cdna differentially expressed between embryogenic and nonembryogenic carrot (daucus carota l.) cells.		1993	8022926
flavonoids released by carrot (daucus carota) seedlings stimulate hyphal development of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of optimal co2 enrichment.	carbon dioxide has been previously identified as a critical volatile factor that stimulates hyphal growth ofgigaspora margarita, a vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, and we determined the optimal concentration at 2.0%. the beneficial effect of co2 on fungal development is also visible in the presence of stimulatory (quercetin, myricetin) or inhibitory (naringenin) flavonoids. sterile root exudates from carrot seedlings stimulate the hyphal development ofg. margarita in the presence of optim ...	1993	24248578
changes in phosphatidylinositol metabolism in response to hyperosmotic stress in daucus carota l. cells grown in suspension culture.	carrot (daucus carota l.) cells plasmolyzed within 30 s after adding sorbitol to increase the osmotic strength of the medium from 0.2 to 0.4 or 0.6 osmolal. however, there was no significant change in the polyphosphorylated inositol phospholipids or inositol phosphates or in inositol phospholipid metabolism within 30 s of imposing the hyperosmotic stress. maximum changes in phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (pip) metabolism were detected at 5 min, at which time the cells appeared to adjust to ...	1993	8029337
a novel hydroxyproline-deficient arabinogalactan protein secreted by suspension-cultured cells of daucus carota (purification and partial characterization).	arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are secreted or membrane-associated glycoproteins that have been operationally defined as binding to [beta]-glucosyl yariv artificial antigen, being rich in arabinose and galactose, and containing high levels of alanine, serine, and hydroxyproline. using an anti-agp monoclonal antibody (mac 207) bound to cyanogen bromide-activated sepharose 4b, we have purified by immunoaffinity chromatography an extracellular agp from the culture medium of suspension-cultured cel ...	1993	12231918
purification and characterization of 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase from somatic embryos of daucus carota.	3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase, a biotin enzyme, was purified from embryos of daucus carota. polyethylene glycol precipitation and monomeric avidin affinity chromatography were used to purify all biotin enzymes from cell-free extracts of embryos. the resulting 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase preparation had a specific activity of 745 nmol/min.mg protein, representing a 3725-fold purification of the enzyme and a 135% recovery of activity. fractionation of the purified biotin-containing protein ...	1993	8393642
a plasma membrane-type ca2+-atpase of 120 kilodaltons on the endoplasmic reticulum from carrot (daucus carota) cells (properties of the phosphorylated intermediate).	cytosolic ca2+ levels are regulated in part by ca2+-pumping atpases that export ca2+ from the cytoplasm; however, the types and properties of ca2+ pumps in plants are not well understood. we have characterized the kinetic properties of a 120-kd phosphoenzyme (pe) intermediate formed during the reaction cycle of a ca2+-atpase from suspension-cultured carrot (daucus carota) cells. only one ca2+-dependent phosphoprotein was formed when carrot membrane vesicles were incubated with [[gamma]-32p]atp ( ...	1993	12231855
oviposition stimulants for the black swallowtail butterfly: identification of electrophysiologically active compounds in carrot volatiles.	headspace volatiles were collected from undamaged foliage of carrot,daucus carota, a host-plant species of the black swallowtail butterfly,papilio polyxenes. the volatiles were fractionated over silica on an open column, and the fractions were tested in behavioral assays withp. polyxenes females in laboratory experiments. the polar fractions, as well as the total mixture of volatiles, increased the landing frequency and the number of eggs laid on model plants with leaves bearing contact-oviposit ...	1993	24249074
effect of intracellular glutathione level on the production of 6-methoxymellein in cultured carrot (daucus carota) cells.	to produce phytoalexin, 6-methoxymellein (6-mm) was induced in suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota) by buthionine sulfoximine (bso) and cucl2. addition of bso (a specific inhibitor of glutathione [gsh] synthesis) to the cultures lowered the cellular gsh levels. this depletion of gsh was bso-concentration dependent, and the extent of 6-mm accumulation was dependent on the gsh depletion. the accumulation of 6-mm induced by bso was suppressed by exogenous gsh. exogenous h2o2 stimulated the ...	1993	12231796
characterization of a gene that is expressed early in somatic embryogenesis of daucus carota.	the emb-1 mrna of carrot (daucus carota) was isolated as an embryo abundant cdna clone (t.h. ulrich, e.s. wurtele, b.j. nikolau [1990] nucleic acids res 18: 2826). northern analyses of rna isolated from embryos, cultured cells, and a variety of vegetative organs indicate that the emb-1 mrna specifically accumulates in embryos, beginning at the early stages of embryo development. in situ hybridization with both zygotic and somatic embryos show that the emb-1 mrna begins to accumulate at low level ...	1993	8108498
population and biomass kinetics in fed-batch cultures of daucus carota l. somatic embryos.	the population dynamics of developing somatic embryos of carrot (daucur carota l.) was investigated in batch and fed-batch cultures using modified murashige and skoog medium. these substrate limitations coincided not only with stoppage of biomass increase, but also with the increase in total concentration of embryos as well as the advancement of the embryo into a more mature stage. both glucose and ammonium were depleted from the culture. restoring either glucose, or ammonium and nitrate, as to ...	1993	18609625
stimulation of calcium influx and calcium cascade by cyclic amp in cultured carrot cells.	treatment of cultured carrot (daucus carota l.) cells with activators of adenylate cyclase, forskolin, and cholera toxin induced the biosynthesis of an antifungal isocoumarin, 6-methoxymellein, in the cells. addition of dibutyryl cyclic amp to carrot cell culture also stimulated the accumulation of the compound. the cyclic amp-evoked 6-methoxymellein production was significantly depressed in the presence of certain inhibitors of calcium cascade such as ca2+ channel blockers and inhibitors of cal ...	1993	8385897
cdna cloning of ecp40, an embryogenic-cell protein in carrot, and its expression during somatic and zygotic embryogenesis.	a cdna of 1.2 kb was isolated from a cdna library of embryogenic cells of carrot (daucus carota l.) by use of nucleotide sequences that encode two internal amino-acid sequences of ecp40 (an embryogenic-cell protein with a relative molecular mass of 40,000). a genomic southern blot using the cdna as probe suggested that there are at least two genes for ecp40 in the carrot genome. the cdna encoded an open reading frame of 306 amino acids, and the deduced amino-acid sequence was found to share two ...	1993	8490126
density dependence of anaphes sordidatus (hymenoptera: mymaridae) parasitism on eggs of listronotus oregonensis (coleoptera: curculionidae).	listronotus oregonensis (leconte) (coleoptera: curculionidae) oviposits in carrot leaves and the larvae feed in carrot roots. its eggs are parasitized by anaphes sordidatus (girault) (hymenoptera: mymaridae) throughout its oviposition period. this parasitoid is the major biotic mortality factor for l. oregonensis. parasitism by a. sordidatus was studied for three years in sequentially sown plots of carrots, daucus carota var. sativa. over the scason, significantly fewer l. oregonensis eggs were ...	1993	28313777
rapid changes in amplification and methylation pattern of genomic dna in cultured carrot root explants (daucus carota l.).	rapid genomic dna variation due to methylation and copy number alteration was observed in carrot root explants 6 h after inoculation and during a 36-h period of exponential callus growth. de novo methylation and amplification of restricted bspni fragments of low molecular weight occurred before cell cycle activation and should, therefore, be independent of progression through the s-phase of the cell cycle. growth regulators seemed to influence the amplification pattern indirectly by regulating c ...	1993	24196052
solubilized proteins from carrot (daucus carota l.) membranes bind calcium channel blockers and form calcium-permeable ion channels.	calcium channels have been suggested to play a major role in the initiation of a large number of signal transduction processes in higher plant cells. however, molecular components of higher plant ca2+ channels remain unidentified to date. calcium channel blockers of the phenylalkylamine family and bepridil specifically inhibit ca2+ influx into carrot (daucus carota l.) cells. by using a phenylalkylamine azido derivative, a 75-kda carrot membrane protein has been previously identified. here we ha ...	1993	11607356
expression of dcprp1 is linked to carrot storage root formation and is induced by wounding and auxin treatment.	a carrot (daucus carota, l.) genomic clone (dcprp1) was isolated on the basis of its homology to previously described cdnas encoding a wound-inducible, proline-rich cell wall protein. dna sequence analysis showed that dcprp1 contains a single open-reading frame encoding a 235-amino acid protein that is colinear with that predicted from the cdna sequence with the exception of four amino acids at the n terminus and a 60-nucleotide insertion present within the genomic clone. genomic southern hybrid ...	1993	8278498
damage to italian crops caused by cyst-forming nematodes.	investigations were undertaken in 1982-88 to estimate yield losses of carrot, sugarbeet, wheat, and potato caused by cyst-forming nematodes (heterodera and globodera species) in several provinces of italy. soil samples were collected at planting in 0.5-ha sampling areas distributed in each crop's major production area. yield loss estimates were based on nematode population estimates and on curves derived earlier relating nematode densities with crop yields in italy. estimated yield loss values w ...	1993	19279850
isolation and characterization of a cdna clone for plant nuclear antigen 21d7 associated with cell division.	a cdna clone was isolated from a carrot (daucus carota l.) cdna expression library using monoclonal antibody 21d7, which recognizes a nuclear antigen associated with cell division in plant cells. to show that the isolated cdna encodes the 21d7 antigen, a polyclonal antiserum was raised against a recombinant fusion protein specified by the cdna. both the polyclonal antiserum and the monoclonal antibody 21d7 recognized the same plant protein on immunoblots, in immunoprecipitation experiments, and ...	1993	8310059
molecular cloning and analysis of a cdna coding for the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase of daucus carota.	molecular cloning of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (dhfr-ts) of daucus carota was achieved by immunoscreening of a cdna library obtaining a 2 kbp clone which contains an open reading frame of 1528 bp. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with those from other sources revealed the presence of motifs typical of dhfr and ts thus confirming the bifunctional nature of the carrot protein. as in other organisms, a higher degree of conservation was observed in the ts domain. anal ...	1993	8329682
[granulated carrots (daucus carota) in dog nutrition].	in feeding and balance trials with dogs (4) dried, ground carrots were tested in addition (30%) to a basic dry food (rice, corn gluten, fish meal and supplements). the palatability of both mixtures was good: fecal water losses were increased after feeding the carrots. apparent digestibilities of organic and inorganic matter, especially sodium and potassium (not phosphorus), decreased. digestibility of carrots was calculated to reach 70% with 1.2 mj of digestible energy per 100 g dry matter. redu ...	1993	8430292
peptide splicing in the vacuolar atpase subunit a from candida tropicalis.	subunit a of the vacuolar proton pump appears to be responsible for the atp hydrolysis which is coupled to the pumping of protons into a variety of intracellular acid compartments, including the fungal vacuole. we report here the cloning and sequence determination of the gene encoding subunit a from candida tropicalis. southern blot hybridization analysis indicates that there is a single gene which encodes this protein. the gene contains a single intron at the extreme 5'-end of the coding region ...	1993	8463270
isolation and characterization of a new chromosomal virulence gene of agrobacterium tumefaciens.	a mutant (strain b119) of agrobacterium tumefaciens with a chromosomal mutation was isolated by transposon (tn5) mutagenesis. the mutant exhibited growth rates on l agar and minimal medium (ab) plates similar to those of the parent strain (strain a208 harboring a nopaline-type ti plasmid). the mutant was avirulent on all host plants tested: daucus carota, cucumis sativus, and kalanchoe diagremontiana. the mutant was not impaired in attachment ability to carrot cells. the mutant had one insertion ...	1993	8491736
identification and expression of a cdna from daucus carota encoding a bifunctional aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase.	aspartokinase (ec 2.7.2.4) and homoserine dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.3) catalyze steps in the pathway for the synthesis of lysine, threonine, and methionine from aspartate. homoserine dehydrogenase was purified from carrot (daucus carota l.) cell cultures and portions of it were subjected to amino acid sequencing. oligonucleotides deduced from the amino acid sequences were used as primers in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a dna fragment using dna derived from carrot cell culture mrna as tem ...	1993	8507831
complementary immunolocalization patterns of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins studied with the use of antibodies directed against different carbohydrate epitopes.	antisera raised against the major hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (hrgp) in carrot (daucus carota l.) taproot, extensin-1, and a minor hrgp, extensin-2, were characterized by western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and periodate oxidation and found to be directed against carbohydrate epitopes shared by both glycoproteins. the anti-extensin-1 antibodies (ge1) target periodate-sensitive epitopes and may recognize the terminal alpha-1,3-arabinoside of extensin-1. the anti-extensi ...	1993	7506427
elicitor-induced changes in ca2+ influx, k+ efflux, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid synthesis in protoplasts of daucus carota l.	suspension-cultured carrot cells (daucus carota) and their protoplasts respond to a fungal elicitor prepared from the culture medium of pythium aphanidermatum by accumulating 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hba). protoplasts release the compound into the culture medium. using 45cacl2 as a tracer, we were able to demonstrate that the secretion of 4-hba is preceded by a rapid increase in the ca2+ influx and a concomitant k+ efflux. if the increased ca2+ influx was prevented by ethyleneglycol-bis([beta]-a ...	1993	12231948
calcium levels affect the ability to immunolocalize calmodulin to cortical microtubules.	calcium affects the stability of cortical microtubules (mts) in lysed protoplasts. this calmodulin (cam)-mediated interaction may provide a mechanism that serves to integrate cellular behavior with mt function. to test the hypothesis that cam associates with these mts, monoclonal antibodies were produced against cam, and one (designated mab1d10) was selected for its suitability as an immunocytochemical reagent. it is shown that cam associates with the cortical mts of cultured carrot (daucus caro ...	1993	12231960
nitrogen and carbohydrate storage in biennials originating from habitats of different resource availability.	four biennial species (arctium tomentosum, cirsium vulgare, dipsacus sylvester and daucus carota) which originate from habitats of different nutrient availability were investigated in a 2-year experiment in a twofactorial structured block design varying light (natural daylight versus shading) and fertilizer addition. the experiment was designed to study storage as reserve formation (competing with growth) or as accumulation (see chapin et al. 1990). we show that (i) the previous definitions of s ...	1993	28313438
the effect of exposure to microgravity on the development and structural organisation of plant protoplasts flown on biokosmos 9.	preparatory experiments for the iml-1 (international microgravity laboratory) mission to be flown on the space shuttle in january, 1992, were performed on a 14 day flight on biokosmos 9 (kosmos 2044) in september 1989. the purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of weightlessness on protoplast regeneration. problems with late access to the space vehicle meant that the newly isolated protoplasts from hypocotyl cells of rapeseed (brassica napus l. cv niklas) and suspension cultures of ca ...	1992	11541143
structural and functional organisation of regenerated plant protoplasts exposed to microgravity on biokosmos 9.	preparatory experiments for the iml-1 mission using plant protoplasts, were flown on a 14-day flight on biokosmos 9 in september 1989. thirty-six hours before launch of the biosatellite, protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyl cells of rapeseed (brassica napus) and suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota). ultrastructural and fluorescence analysis of cell aggregates from these protoplasts, cultured under microgravity conditions, have been performed. in the flight samples as well as in the ...	1992	11536948
identification and expression of a cdna clone encoding aspartate aminotransferase in carrot.	a full-length cdna clone encoding aspartate aminotransferase (aat) has been identified from a carrot root cdna library. degenerate oligo primers were synthesized from the known amino acid sequence of aat form i from carrot (daucus carota l. cv danvers). these primers were utilized in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a portion of a carrot aat gene from first strand cdna synthesized from poly(a)(+) rna isolated from 5-d-old cell suspension cultures. the resulting 750-bp fragment was cloned, ...	1992	16652971
[production of xanthan gum in immobilized cultures of xanthomonas campestris].	the efficiency of xanthan production through surface processes was evaluated. the best porous material was selected first. thereafter, a comparative study was performed using submerged agitated process vs other without agitation but containing the selected porous material. the culture medium used was white potatoes infusion, buffered with k2hpo4 and supplemented with glucose in diverse concentrations. besides, to evaluate a different type of surface process, three vegetables were valued: ipomaea ...	1992	1298018
isolation and genetic analysis of an agrobacterium tumefaciens avirulent mutant with a chromosomal mutation produced by transposon mutagenesis.	a transposon 5 (tn5) insertion was introduced into the genome of a. tumefaciens (a-208 strain harboring a nopaline type ti-plasmid) using a conjugative pjb4ji plasmid containing tn5. five thousand transconjugants were assayed for virulence on carrot (daucus carota l.) disks; 54 isolates were avirulent or very attenuated. the cellular localization (plasmid or chromosome) of the tn5 insertion in those isolates were identified by southern hybridization analysis. an avirulent mutant (b-90 strain) wi ...	1992	1369092
spatial and temporal expression patterns directed by the agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna gene 5 promoter during somatic embryogenesis in carrot.	we have analysed the patterns of expression of a gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus) fused to the promoter of the agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna gene 5 during embryogenesis in carrot, daucus carota l. gene expression was monitored by a histochemical assay of beta-glucuronidase activity. the gene 5 promoter, although of bacterial origin, conferred expression upon the marker gene in all stages of embryo development. the patterns of expression however, differed between embryos in different stag ...	1992	1558941
release of carrot plasma membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase by phospholipase a2 and activation by a 70 kda protein.	plasma membranes were isolated from carrot (daucus carota l.) cells grown in suspension culture and treated with phospholipase a2 from snake or bee venom for 10 min. as a result of this treatment, phosphatidylinositol kinase activity was recovered in the soluble fraction. there was no detectable diacylglycerol kinase or phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase activity released from the membranes after the phospholipase a2 treatment. treating the plasma membranes with phospholipase c or d did n ...	1992	1311960