Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [formation of ethyl carbamate in umeshu (plum liqueur)]. | samples of umeshu, a japanese plum liqueur made from unripe plums, shochu and crystal sugar, were stored under fluorescent light, in the dark and in the refrigerator. the amount of ethyl carbamate formed in umeshu exposed to light or room temperature was larger than that in the dark or at low temperature. the amount of ethyl carbamate formed in umeshu to which cyanide had been added was larger than that in the absence of added cyanide. thus, the amount of ethyl carbamate formed in the umeshu was ... | 2001 | 11875819 |
| treatment of hypersaline-containing wastewater with salt-tolerant microorganisms. | two salt-tolerant bacteria were isolated from soil samples to treat a high-salt-content wastewater from a pickled plum production plant. the strains, which were identified as staphylococcus sp. and bacillus cereus, grew well in a medium containing 0 to 15% nacl. when wastewater in a flask was treated with the strains for 72 h, the cod removal was about 70%, and this was increased to about 90% when they were used in a pilot plant (working volume 1 m3) in a batch culture carried out for 7 d. the s ... | 2001 | 16232979 |
| conservation biology: feds team up with a company to protect 17 threatened fish species. | for several years now, road runoff and erosion stemming in part from the operations of the plum creek timber co. have choked elk creek, known as the best bull trout spawning stream in the west, with sediment, raising fears of even further decline in this endangered species. now, in an effort to mitigate its harmful effects and avert regulatory action, plum creek has designed a native fish habitat conservation plan covering 17 fish species, including the bull trout. | 2000 | 17840573 |
| localization of plum pox virus in stem and petiole tissues of apricot cultivars by immuno-tissue printing. | localization of plum pox virus (ppv) in stem and petiole tissues of four susceptible and four resistant apricot cultivars has been studied. consecutive 1-mm spaced transverse sections were taken from the tissues and were printed onto nitrocellulose membrane in duplicate. for virus-specific detection, one series of prints was probed with an antibody to ppv coat and the density of stains was evaluated by light microscopy. another series of prints was treated with a substrate but not with the antib ... | 2000 | 11332274 |
| efficiency of inoculation of peach gf305 seedlings with plum pox virus by different methods. | peach gf305 is frequently used as rootstock in experiments to evaluate the resistance of different species of prunus to plum pox virus (ppv) because of its extreme susceptibility. however, transmission of ppv in prunus species is sometimes problematic due to its low concentration or uneven distribution in these species. to determine the most effective way of transmitting the virus, different infection methods (by aphids, grafting, mechanical infection and injection) were tested using dideron ppv ... | 2000 | 11332275 |
| envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar (thosea penthima). | we report the first case of envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar, thosea penthima turner (limacodidae). the sting, on the forearm, caused immediate burning pain and local wheal formation. pain radiated up the arm and there was severe "crushing" chest pain lasting four hours. the local pain persisted for 10 hours and required opiate analgesia. | 2000 | 11379521 |
| the influence of conspecific males on spermatophore deposition in the eriophyid mite aculus fockeui. | similarly to males of aculus fockeui on plum, males inhabiting peach showed interest in quiescent female nymphs and behaved non-aggressively in contact with each other. when maintained on fresh leaf arenas for 5 h, males in groups of seven deposited significantly fewer spermatophores per male than solitary ones. the inhibitory effect of the presence of conspecific males on spermatophore deposition rate is indicated and discussed in the context of previous opposite observations on this mite. | 2000 | 11354618 |
| [noxious stimulation-induced morphological changes of nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons in the tongue of rats]. | to explore noxious stimulation-induced morphological changes of nitric oxide synthase (nos) positive neurons in the tongue. | 2000 | 11780489 |
| development of a shoot-tip vitrification protocol and comparison with encapsulation-based procedures for plum (prunus domestica l.) cryopreservation. | cryopreservation of plum (prunus domestica l.), cv regina claudia, was obtained by a vitrification/one-step cooling procedure of shoot tips from cold-hardened in vitro-grown plants. best survival (57%) was obtained when the shoot tips were precultured at 4 degree c for 2 days on 0.09 m sucrose-containing quoirin and le poivre medium, loaded for 30 min with a cryoprotectant (2 m glycerol and 0.4 m sucrose), incubated with the pvs2 solution at 0 c for 90 min, and directly plunged into liquid nitro ... | 2000 | 12148038 |
| biotechnological aspects of plum pox virus. | plum pox potyvirus (ppv), the causal agent of a devastating disease that affects stone fruit trees, is becoming a target of intense studies intended both to fight against viral infection and to develop practical applications based on the current knowledge of potyvirus molecular biology. this review focuses on biotechnological aspects related to ppv, such as novel diagnostic techniques that facilitate detection and typing of virus isolates, strategies to implement pathogen-derived resistance thro ... | 2000 | 10656327 |
| identification of a pathogenicity determinant of plum pox virus in the sequence encoding the c-terminal region of protein p3+6k(1). | a full-length genomic cdna clone of a plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolate belonging to the m strain (ppv-ps) has been cloned downstream from a bacteriophage t7 polymerase promoter and sequenced. transcripts from the resulting plasmid, pgppvps, were infectious and, in herbaceous hosts, produced symptoms that differed from those of virus progeny of pgppv, a full-length genomic cdna clone of the d strain ppv-r. viable ppv-r/-ps chimeric viruses were constructed by recombination of the cdna clones in v ... | 2000 | 10675393 |
| mutations in the coat protein gene of plum pox virus suppress particle assembly, heterologous encapsidation and complementation in transgenic plants of nicotiana benthamiana. | two different motifs in the coat protein (cp) of plum pox virus (ppv) (r(3015)q(3016), d(3059)) were mutated by replacing the respective amino acids with others possessing different chemical properties. the mutated cp genes were introduced into an infectious full-length clone of ppv (p35ppv-nat) to investigate their influence on systemic infection of transgenic wild-type ppv cp-expressing and non-transgenic plants of nicotiana benthamiana. all mutants failed to establish systemic infections in n ... | 2000 | 10675394 |
| strains of xylella fastidiosa rapidly distinguished by arbitrarily primed-pcr. | genomic dnas isolated from strains of xylella fastidiosa that caused citrus variegated chlorosis, coffee leaf scorch, pierce's disease of grapevine, and plum leaf scorch were analyzed by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. purified dna was amplified under nonstringent conditions with single primers 21 nucleotides (nt) long. thirty-nine amplification products were observed that were useful to distinguish among the strains and to derive a similarity matrix and construct a phenogram showi ... | 2000 | 10688699 |
| preservation of 5'-end integrity of a potyvirus genomic rna is not dependent on template specificity. | full-length in vitro transcripts of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) genomic rna with mutations altering the number of 5'-terminal adenosine residues were able to infect nicotiana clevelandii plants, whereas a mutant with a substitution of adenosine in position 2 by guanosine failed to infect. the genomic 5' end was template-independently repaired during in vivo rna synthesis producing wild-type viral progeny. putative models of replication initiation are discussed. | 2000 | 10753716 |
| lipid transfer protein: a pan-allergen in plant-derived foods that is highly resistant to pepsin digestion. | lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are small molecules of approximately 10 kd that demonstrate high stability. they have recently been identified as allergens in the rosaceae subfamilies of the prunoideae (peach, apricot, plum) and of the pomoideae (apple). they belong to a family of structurally highly conserved proteins that are also present in non-rosaceae vegetable foods. | 2000 | 10859466 |
| biohazards--emerging diseases. a plum of an island. | 2000 | 10862416 | |
| mechanism of adsorption of dyes and phenols from water using activated carbons prepared from plum kernels. | the kinetics and mechanism of adsorption of two commercial dyes (br22, ab25), phenol, and 3-chlorophenol from water on activated carbons were studied at 30 degrees c. the activated carbons were prepared from plum kernels, and the activation temperature and time tested were in the ranges 750-900 degrees c and 1-4 h, respectively. three simplified kinetic models including a pseudo-first-order, a pseudo-second-order, and an intraparticle diffusion model were tested. it was shown that the adsorption ... | 2000 | 10873331 |
| clinical cross-reactivity among foods of the rosaceae family. | foods from the rosaceae botanical family have been increasingly reported as causes of allergic reaction. patients frequently have positive skin tests or radioallergosorbent test results for multiple members of this botanical family. | 2000 | 10887323 |
| perimeter trapping strategy to reduce mediterranean fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae) damage on different host species in israel. | to evaluate the perimeter trapping strategy as a control method, field tests were conducted in three different host species of the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata (wiedemann), in israel. dry traps baited with a three component food-based synthetic attractant that were hung in the peripheral rows of a plum, a pear, and a persimmon orchard, caught female c. capitata (up to 20.1, 1.4, and 4.1 female c. capitata per trap per day, respectively). fruit damage, estimated at harvest, indicat ... | 2000 | 10902321 |
| transgenic or plant expression vector-mediated recombination of plum pox virus. | different mutants of an infectious full-length clone (p35ppv-nat) of plum pox virus (ppv) were constructed: three mutants with mutations of the assembly motifs rq and df in the coat protein gene (cp) and two cp chimeras with exchanges in the cp core region of zucchini yellow mosaic virus and potato virus y. the assembly mutants were restricted to single infected cells, whereas the ppv chimeras were able to produce systemic infections in nicotiana benthamiana plants. after passages in different t ... | 2000 | 10906199 |
| a scientific basis for the therapeutic effects of pygeum africanum and serenoa repens. | in europe, phytotherapeutic preparations have been prescribed for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) for over 20 years [1-4]. in these countries, phytotherapeutic preparations represent approximately 1/3 of total sales of all therapeutic agents sold for the treatment of bph. in france, and other countries, phytotherapeutic preparations are the most widely used drugs for the treatment of bph. in asia, africa, and india, phytotherapy is considered a first-line treatmen ... | 2000 | 10929430 |
| episomal expression of a hammerhead ribozyme directed against plum pox virus. | two related antisense rnas directed against plum pox virus (ppv) were expressed episomally in nicotiana clevelandii by infection with recombinant potato virus x (pvx). one recombinant pvx expressed an ordinary ppv antisense rna of about 400 nucleotides, while the other expressed a related antisense rna that carried the catalytic domain of a hammerhead ribozyme. inoculation with the latter recombinant pvx resulted in the accumulation of ribozyme rna that was catalytically active when tested in vi ... | 2000 | 10930659 |
| radiation and divergence in the rhagoletis pomonella species group: inferences from allozymes. | the rhagoletis pomonella species group has for decades been a focal point for debate over the possibility of sympatric speciation via host shift. here i present the first extensive analysis of genetic (allozyme) divergence in the pomonella group, including all known taxa/populations except the allopatric mexican population of r. pomonella. the phylogeny is estimated for all four described species (pomonella, mendax, zephyria, and cornivora) plus two undescribed species (the "flowering dogwood fl ... | 2000 | 10937231 |
| native electrophoresis and western blot analysis (neweb): a method for characterization of different forms of potyvirus particles and similar nucleoprotein complexes in extracts of infected plant tissues. | a combination of native electrophoresis and immunodetection (western blot) was used for the characterization of nucleoprotein particles of the potyvirus plum pox virus (ppv). virus particles were electrophoresed directly from plant extracts in agarose or mixed acrylamide-agarose gels under native conditions, blotted on nitrocellulose membranes, and characterized with the aid of a coat protein-specific antibody. using this combined methodology, called neweb (native electrophoresis and western blo ... | 2000 | 10950988 |
| construction of a stable and highly infectious intron-containing cdna clone of plum pox potyvirus and its use to infect plants by particle bombardment. | an infectious plum pox potyvirus cdna clone was constructed placing a copy of the full-length sequence of the virus genome between an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a nopaline synthase termination signal. stabilization of the clone and faster growth of bacteria, in addition to higher plasmid yield, followed a modification consisting of the insertion of an intron which interrupted the viral open reading frame at the p3 region. this intron-containing clone was infectious when i ... | 2000 | 10958981 |
| histopathology and polyphenol content in plants infected by phytoplasmas. | the alterations of cell walls and the localization of several compounds such as polyphenols, suberin, lignin, in plum and apple plants infected with plum leptonecrosis (pln) and apple proliferation (ap) phytoplasmas respectively, were investigated. catharanthus roseus plants, infected with ap or pln were also studied. the 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) test and transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of phytoplasmas in all infected plants. specific histological stainings for cu ... | 2000 | 10969878 |
| role of the waxy skin layer in moisture loss during dehydration of prunes. | permeability studies of water through the skin and flesh of d'agen plums have been carried out by radiotracer and pgse nmr techniques as a function of moisture content. the results have shown that the diffusion coefficient of water through the skin layer increases as the fruit is dried at 70 degrees c or above. by contrast, the water diffusion through the fruit becomes more hindered as moisture is lost and structural collapse of the cell layers takes place. values for diffusion coefficients of w ... | 2000 | 10995336 |
| improved rna extraction and one-tube rt-pcr assay for simultaneous detection of control plant rna plus several viruses in plant extracts. | a procedure was developed for simultaneous detection of plant rna viruses and of plant rna, as a control. rt-pcr amplification with primers designed for the detection of the plant mrnas encoding malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rubiscol) was used for the development of a plant extraction procedure that consistently yields extracts that can be amplified. the control amplification was used successfully on extracts from cane, leaf and/ ... | 2000 | 11011079 |
| posterior urethral valves with congenital megalo-urethra. | a 3-year-old male child was admitted with complaints of dysuria and dribbling of urine since birth. there was a small plum sized swelling, on the ventral surface of penis, which increased in size during micturition and on compression of the swelling urine dribbled out. voiding cysto-urethrogram showed posterior urethral valves with scaphoid megalo-urethra. vesicostomy with fulguration of the valves and one year later reduction urethroplasty were performed. | 2000 | 11016183 |
| visual pigments, cone oil droplets and ocular media in four species of estrildid finch. | a microspectrophotometric study was conducted on the retinal photoreceptors of four species of bird: cut-throat finches (amadina fasciata), gouldian finches (erythrura gouldiae), white-headed munias (lonchura maja) and plum-headed finches (neochmia modesta). spectral characteristics of the photoreceptors in all four species were very similar. rods contained a medium-wavelength-sensitive visual pigment with a wavelength of maximum absorbance at 502-504 nm. four spectrally distinct types of single ... | 2000 | 11016784 |
| quantitative analysis of flavan-3-ols in spanish foodstuffs and beverages. | an hplc method, using detection after postcolumn derivatization with p-dimethylaminocynnamaldehyde (dmaca), was developed for the quantitative analysis of individual flavanols in food. this method was applied to flavanol determination in 56 different kinds of spanish food products, including fruit, vegetables, legumes, beverages (cider, coffee, beer, tea, and wine), and chocolate. the determined compounds corresponded to the catechins and proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers usually present in fo ... | 2000 | 11087482 |
| identification, quantitative determination, and antioxidative activities of chlorogenic acid isomers in prune (prunus domestica l. ). | neochlorogenic acid (3-cqa) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-cqa), isolated from prune (prunus domestica l.), were identified by nmr and ms analyses. in addition, the quantity of chlorogenic acid isomers in prune were measured by hplc. these isomers, 3-cqa, 4-cqa, and chlorogenic acid (5-cqa), were contained in the ratio 78.7:18. 4:3.9, respectively. 4-cqa was identified and quantified in prune for the first time, and relatively high amounts of this isomer were characteristic. antioxidative activit ... | 2000 | 11087511 |
| 16s rdna sequence analysis of xylella fastidiosa strains. | the 16s rdna encoding the small subunit ribosomal rna were amplified by pcr, cloned, and sequenced from 16 strains of xylella fastidiosa originating from nine different hosts. in pair-wise comparisons, x. fastidiosa strains showed a maximum variation of 1.0% or 14 nucleotide positions. when all 16 sequences were considered as a set, 54 variable positions were found. analysis of the sequence data indicated that the x. fastdiosa strains formed three rdna groups. group one includes pierce's disease ... | 2000 | 11108013 |
| the use of transgenic fruit trees as a resistance strategy for virus epidemics: the plum pox (sharka) model. | sharka or plum pox, caused by plum pox virus (ppv: genus potyvirus; family potyviridae), is the most serious disease of prunus. most cultivated prunus species are highly susceptible and conventional breeding has not produced highly resistant and commercially acceptable varieties. success in developing virus-resistant herbaceous crops through genetic engineering led us to investigate this approach for resistance to ppv. our programme aims to develop a biotechnological approach to ppv control that ... | 2000 | 11137162 |
| simultaneous detection of the three ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees by nonisotopic molecular hybridization and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. | abstract the three most economically damaging ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees on a worldwide scale are the related prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv), prune dwarf virus (pdv), and apple mosaic virus (apmv). nonisotopic molecular hybridization and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) methodologies were developed that could detect all these viruses simultaneously. the latter technique was advantageous because it was discriminatory. for rt-pcr, a degenerate ... | 2000 | 18943373 |
| influence of stem diameter, water content, and freezing-thawing on bacterial canker development in excised stems of dormant stone fruit. | abstract in excised dormant stems of peach (prunus persica), prune (prunus domestica), and almond (prunus dulcis), stem diameter, stem hydration, and freezing-thawing influenced the extent of infection caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. bacterial lesion length increased with increasing stem diameter, demonstrating the need to account for the effects of stem diameter when lesion length data are analyzed. lesion length increased or decreased with stem hydration or dehydration, respective ... | 1999 | 18944742 |
| causal role of xylella fastidiosa in oleander leaf scorch disease. | abstract a lethal leaf scorch disease of oleander (nerium oleander) appeared in southern california in 1993. a bacterium, xylella fastidiosa, was detected by culturing, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction in most symptomatic plants but not in symptomless plants or negative controls. inoculating oleanders mechanically with x. fastidiosa cultures from diseased oleanders caused oleander leaf scorch (ols) disease. the bacterium was reisolated from inoculated plants that became d ... | 1999 | 18944803 |
| growth response of peach and plum rootstocks infected with pratylenchus vulnus in microplots. | the effects of pratylenchus vulnus on growth and nutrition of cadaman peach and ishtara and julior plum rootstocks were evaluated in a microplot experiment lasting two growing seasons. cadaman peach was the only rootstock that showed suppressed growth for all growth parameters at the end of the first year. at the end of the second growing season, dry and fresh shoot weights as well as shoot length and root weights of cadaman peach were reduced in nematode-inoculated microplots in comparison to u ... | 1999 | 19270932 |
| local circulation and aerosol water-soluble ions--a case study in taiwan during mei-yu season | the mei-yu (plum rain) season is a short but important period when the weather changes from spring to summer in taiwan. in this study, size-segregated aerosols were collected alternately at 5 sampling sites in northwestern taiwan from june 16 to 24, 1994. for the first time in taiwan, this study revealed the aerosol mass spectra and water-soluble ions in the mei-yu season. for all samples, a bi-modal aerosol mass spectra was found with modal diameters at 3.2 and 0.32 microm, respectively. the ae ... | 1999 | 10901665 |
| professor plum at the podium: clues for teleteaching. | 1999 | 10795250 | |
| specific detection of xylella fastidiosa pierce's disease strains. | pierce's disease (pd, xylella fastidiosa) of grapevine is the primary pathogen limiting vinifera grape production in florida and other regions of the southeastern united states. quick and accurate detection of pd strains is essential for pd studies and control. a unique random amplified polymorphic dna (pd1-1-2) was isolated from a pd strain from florida. fragment pd1-1-2 was cloned, sequenced, and found to be 1005 bp in length. pcr primers were designed to utilize these sequence data for pd str ... | 1999 | 10398832 |
| preparation of diagnostic monoclonal antibodies against two potyviruses. | diagnostic monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) and plum pox virus (ppv) were prepared, characterized and used for detection of these viruses in infected plants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), immunoblot analysis and tissue print immunoblot assay (tpiba). | 1999 | 10749372 |
| plum pox virus capsid protein mobility in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | slovak plum pox virus (ppv) isolates bor-3 and kr-4 behaved atypically in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds-page) of their capsid proteins (cps). whereas other tested ppv isolates could be sorted by sds-page into groups corresponding to the m or d strains, as controlled by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis, the two above mentioned isolates behaved as the m strain according to rflp analysis but not sds-page. slight mobility di ... | 1999 | 10749373 |
| high pressure response of fruit jams contaminated with listeria monocytogenes. | high pressure is an alternative to thermal processing and is used to preserve food. listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium which grows at low temperature, is able to multiply under vacuum, and is responsible for food poisoning. pressures of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mpa were used for 5, 10 and 15 min at 20 degrees c on pure culture, and on apple and plum jam baby food artificially contaminated with listeria. pure culture was also to test pressures of 200, 300, 350 and 400 mpa at 5 degrees c for 30 mi ... | 1999 | 10212445 |
| rna helicase activity of semliki forest virus replicase protein nsp2. | semliki forest virus replicase protein nsp2 shares sequence homology with several putative ntpases and rna helicases. nsp2 has rna-dependent ntpase activity. here we expressed polyhistidine-tagged nsp2 in escherichia coli, purified it by metal-affinity chromatography, and used it in rna helicase assays. rna helicase ci of plum pox potyvirus was used as a positive control. unwinding of alpha-32p-labelled partially double-stranded rna required nsp2, mg2+ and ntps. nsp2 with a mutation, k192n, in t ... | 1999 | 10217401 |
| host status of fresh prunes by potential quarantine pests in laboratory tests and evaluation of packinghouse culls. | the status of fresh prunes, prunus domestica l., as a host for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae); peach twig borer, anarsia lineatella zeller (lepidoptera: gelechiidae); omnivorous leafroller, platynota stultana walshingham (lepidoptera: tortricidae); oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae); navel orangeworm, amyelois transitella (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae); and walnut husk fly, rhagoletis completa cresson (diptera: tephritidae ... | 1999 | 10333755 |
| mitotic stability of infection-induced resistance to plum pox potyvirus associated with transgene silencing and dna methylation. | plum pox potyvirus (ppv) infection of transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants that expressed the ppv nib rna replicase carrying a gly to val mutation at the gdd motif (nibv lines) induced a phenotype of virus resistance and transgene silencing, which was not transmissible to the progeny after self-fertilization (h. s. guo and j. a. garcía, mol. plant-microbe interact. 10:160-170, 1997). here, we demonstrate that the induced resistance of nibv plants is mitotically stable after plant propagation ... | 1999 | 9926412 |
| anoxic and hypoxic immature rat model for measurement of monoamine using in vivo microdialysis. | the immature brain is considered relatively resistant to anoxia and ischemia. although hypoxia without ischemia has not been considered to produce brain damage in immature rats as well as in adult rats (s. levine, anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rats, am. j. pathol., 36 (1960) 1-17 [8]; d.e. levy, j.b. brieley, d.g. silverman, f. plum, brief hypoxia-ischemia initially damages cerebral neurons, arch. neurol., 32 (1975) 450-456 [9]; j.e. rice, r.c. vannucci, j.b., brieriey, the influence of imma ... | 1999 | 9974139 |
| pest status of american plum borer (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and fruit tree borer control with synthetic insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes in new york state. | surveys were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to determine the pest status of the american plum borer, euzophera semifuneralis (walker), in new york state stone fruit crops. these surveys indicate that american plum borer is the most important of the wood-boring insects infesting tart cherries and also is an important pest in peaches suffering from canker diseases. it is not prevalent in plums or in healthy peaches. trials to control american plum borer were conducted in tart cherry and peach by using ... | 1999 | 10036985 |
| new device and method for capture, reverse transcription and nested pcr in a single closed-tube. | a device and improved method based on the use of a compartmentalized eppendorf tube that allows capture, reverse transcription and nested-pcr in a single closed-tube has been developed and patented. the main advantages of the system are the high sensitivity obtained, the simplicity, the low risk of contamination and the easy establishment of adequate conditions for nested-pcr. the method has been successfully applied to the detection and characterization of citrus tristeza closterovirus and plum ... | 1999 | 10037824 |
| a simplified subtractive hybridization protocol used to isolate dna sequences specific to xylella fastidiosa. | a simplified protocol of subtractive hybridization based on the technique of l. m. kunkel, a. p. monaco, w. middlesworth, h. d. ochs & s. a. latt (1985, proc natl acad sci usa, 82, 4778-4782) was used to obtain dna sequences specific to xylella fastidiosa isolated from diseased citrus plants. as a driver, dna extracted from bacteria showing different degrees of relatedness was used: xy. fastidiosa 788 isolated from another host (plum), xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and burkholderia gladi ... | 1999 | 10463163 |
| the hydration of nucleic acid duplexes as assessed by a combination of volumetric and structural techniques. | using high precision densimetric and ultrasonic measurements, we have determined, at 25 degrees c, the apparent molar volumes phiv and the apparent molar compressibilities phik(s) of four nucleic acid duplexes-namely, the dna duplex, poly(didc)poly(didc); the rna duplex, poly(ra)poly(ru); and the two dna/rna hybrid duplexes, poly(ra)poly(dt) and poly(da)poly(ru). using available fiber diffraction data on these duplexes, we have calculated the molecular volumes as well as the solvent-accessible s ... | 1999 | 10479730 |
| comparative morphology and physiology of fruit and seed development in the two shrubs rhus aromatica and r. glabra (anacardiaceae). | morphology and physiology of fruit and seed development were compared in rhus aromatica and r. glabra (anacardiaceae), both of which produce drupes with water-impermeable endocarps. phenology of flowering/fruiting of the two species at the study site was separated by ~2 mo. however, they were similar in the timetable and pattern of fruit and seed development; it took ~2 mo and ~1.5 mo for flowers of rhus aromatica and r. glabra, respectively, to develop into mature drupes. the single sigmoidal g ... | 1999 | 10487809 |
| protection against an infectious disease by enterohaemorrhagic e. coli 0-157. | preventive measures against infection by enterohaemorrhagic e. coli 0-157 are described. eating yoghurt and kefir supposedly induces more bifid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to colonize in the intestines, thereby protecting humans from infection by e. coli 0-157. some foods, such as plum extract, act as a mild antibiotic and produce an acidic environment within the intestine, thus interfering with growth of the e. coli 0-157. the natural colonization of harmless e. coli or other bacteria tha ... | 1999 | 10499834 |
| titanospirillum velox: a huge, speedy, sulfur-storing spirillum from ebro delta microbial mats. | a long (20-30 micrometer), wide (3-5 micrometer) microbial-mat bacterium from the ebro delta (tarragona, spain) was grown in mixed culture and videographed live. intracellular elemental sulfur globules and unique cell termini were observed in scanning-electron-microprobe and transmission-electron micrographs. a polar organelle underlies bundles of greater than 60 flagella at each indented terminus. these gram-negative bacteria bend, flex, and swim in a spiral fashion; they translate at speeds gr ... | 1999 | 10500220 |
| pore structure and adsorption performance of the activated carbons prepared from plum kernels. | according to iodine number, amount of methylene blue adsorption, the bet specific surface area, and the yield, the conditions for preparing activated carbons as adsorbents from plum kernels were optimized. the activation temperature and time tested were in the ranges 750-900 degrees c and 1-4 h, respectively. adsorption isotherms of two commercial dyes and phenol from water on such activated carbons were measured at 30 degrees c. it was shown that the optimal activation temperature and time depe ... | 1999 | 10536292 |
| "pseudo-phytobezoar" due to seed from pickled plum resulting in perforated peritonitis. | 1999 | 10566753 | |
| detection and clinical characterization of patients with oral allergy syndrome caused by stable allergens in rosaceae and nuts. | a minority of patients with oral allergy syndrome (oas) induced by rosaceae or nuts are positive on skin prick tests with commercial food extracts. this suggests reactivity against distinct stable allergens. | 1999 | 10582717 |
| mercury in water and sediments of the southern baltic sea. | total mercury concentrations [hgt] were measured in samples of water and sediments collected from the southern baltic sea from the period 1993-1995. picomolar concentrations of hgt were found in offshore surface water. higher levels were measured in samples from the plum of the vistula. an exceptionally high concentration of mercury (25 pm hgt, 5 pm methylmercury) was measured in the near bottom, quasi-anoxic water of the gdañsk deep and explained by the release of mercury from fine grained sedi ... | 1998 | 9652127 |
| multigeneration exposure test of drosophila melanogaster to elf magnetic fields. | mutations, other than dominant lethals, were accumulated on wild type second chromosomes (+) of drosophila melanogaster during exposure to 50 hz sinusoidal alternating magnetic fields of 0.5 or 5 mt (rms) for 40 generations by the curly/plum(cy/pm) accumulation method. we maintained, for 40 generations under continuous exposure, each (+) chromosome as a heterozygote with (cy) chromosome. viability of the (+) chromosome was tested by sib-mating of (cy/+) male and (cy/+) female in a culture every ... | 1998 | 9738524 |
| strain variability of plum pox virus isolates from western slovakia. | leaf tissues of stone fruit trees (plum, apricot, peach and myrobalan) carrying symptoms of plum pox virus (ppv) infection and of peach gf 305 seedlings and nicotiana benthamiana infected experimentally with ppv were assayed for ppv by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the expected 243 bp pcr products were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis with restriction endonucleases alui and rsai. all of the pcr products contained the alui site. the rsai restriction profile ... | 1998 | 9770072 |
| plum stones: an unusual cause of ileostomy obstruction demonstrated by sonography. | bowel obstruction is a common cause of stomal complications of ileostomy. we report a case in which sonography revealed 2 well-defined, rounded, hyperechoic structures, measuring 1.7 cm in diameter and causing dense acoustic shadowing, in the lumen of the bowel of a 3-year-old boy with a permanent end ileostomy. endoscopy showed the structures to be freely mobile plum stones in the fluid-filled terminal ileum. this case demonstrates the usefulness of sonography in the diagnostic workup of patien ... | 1998 | 9783251 |
| properties of a virus causing mosaic and leaf curl disease of celosia argentea l. in nigeria. | a sap transmissible virus, causing mosaic and leaf curl disease of celosia argentea, was isolated at vegetable farms in amuwo odofin, tejuoso, and abule ado, lagos, nigeria. the virus had a restricted host range confined to a few species of the amaranthaceae, chenopodiaceae and solanaceae families. it failed to infect several other species of the aizoaceae, brassicaceae, cucurbitaceae, fabaceae, lamiaceae, malvaceae, poaceae and tiliaceae families. the virus was transmitted in a non-persistent m ... | 1998 | 9842442 |
| ultrastructural localization of nonstructural and coat proteins of 19 potyviruses using antisera to bacterially expressed proteins of plum pox potyvirus. | antisera to the bacterially expressed nonstructural proteins (nsp) hc-pro, ci, nia, and nib and the coat protein (cp) of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) were used for analysing the composition of virus-induced cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions by electron microscopy. the antisera reacted with nsp and cp of ppv on immunogold-labelled ultrathin sections. antiserum to cp reacted with virions of seven out of 18 other potyviruses. cp was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of infected cells. antisera to p ... | 1998 | 9856098 |
| nucleotide sequence of the putative replicase gene of the sour cherry strain of plum pox potyvirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the nib coding region of the sour cherry strain of plum pox potyvirus (ppv-soc) has been determined. it consists of 1554 nucleotides and encodes a putative replicase protein of 518 amino acids. sequence identity scores between nib of ppv-soc and other isolates of ppv are significantly low (c. 78%). many of the nucleotide substitutions, however, are silent. ppv-soc differs from isolates of ppv-d, ppv-m and ppv-e1 amar at multiple amino acid positions that are c ... | 1998 | 9856106 |
| susceptibility to recombination rearrangements of a chimeric plum pox potyvirus genome after insertion of a foreign gene. | infectious rna transcripts were generated from a chimeric cdna clone of the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) genome containing the bacterial beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene inserted between the sequences coding for the p1 and hc proteins. an artificial cleavage site specific for the nia viral proteinase was engineered between the gus and hc sequences to produce free gus and hc proteins. the resulting virus ppvgus/ was stably maintained during the first round of infection, although plants remained symptoml ... | 1998 | 9870586 |
| isolation of hiv-1 rna from plasma: evaluation of seven different methods for extraction (part two). | some new commercial methods for the extraction of viral rna have been introduced recently. in addition to the study published previously (verhofstede, c., reniers, s., van wanzeele. f., plum j., 1996. aids 8, 1421-1427), seven different methods (four newly developed and three reference methods) for extraction of hiv-1 rna from plasma have been evaluated. the rna preparation method that gave the best results (acceptable reproducibility, highest sensitivity, reasonable price, fast and easy to perf ... | 1998 | 9923750 |
| some results of 50 years of research on the resistance to plum pox virus. | over 300 references on the resistance of stone fruit species to plum pox virus (ppv) have been utilized for the summarization of relevant information in this review. methods of testing ppv resistance, procedures of evaluation and characterization of ppv resistance as well as breeding of ppv-resistant cultivars are briefly discussed. altogether 370 cultivars, hybrids and clones of plum, peach, apricot, nectarine and wild prunus species are tabulated together with the authors who have reported on ... | 1998 | 10073219 |
| relationship between concentration of plum pox virus and content of pigments in virus-infected symptomatic apricot leaves. | besides other factors, occurrence of plum pox virus (ppv)-caused spots and mosaic symptoms on leaves of stone fruits are known to influence important physiological functions including production of assimilates. apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) seedlings were used as a test material for typical manifestation of symptoms of the disease on the foliage. the relations of the abovementioned visual symptoms to the virus and pigments concentrations in leaves have so far not been known sufficiently. we dete ... | 1998 | 10073220 |
| comparison of different methods of rna isolation for plum pox virus detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | the diagnosis of plum pox virus (ppv) is still considered one of the most important aspects of the "sharka" problem. in fact, different studies demonstrated an uneven distribution of the virus in infected trees due to a high variability in virus concentration. these aspects complicate the ppv diagnosis. to date, biological, serological and molecular assays have been successively developed in order to obtain sensitive and efficient ppv detection techniques. in particular, the polymerase chain rea ... | 1998 | 10073221 |
| investigation on the plum pox virus resistance in different apricot genotypes. | in our three-year investigation, 164 apricot trees of different old german varieties cultivated in the mansfelder land region were tested for the plum pox virus (ppv) resistance by double grafting in greenhouse conditions using an isolate of ppv d strain from our region. we selected 25 genotypes with quantitative resistance and two with immunity. the first results of field trials are comparable with those from greenhouse. with cvs. virosia and brevira, two local quantitatively resistant varietie ... | 1998 | 10073222 |
| characterization of plum pox virus isolates from slovakia. | plum pox virus (ppv) isolates from stone-fruit trees (plums, myrobalans, apricots and peaches) from orchards and gardens were characterized. to characterize their biological properties, several ppv isolates were transmitted by chip budding to gf 305 seedlings and mechanically to selected herbaceous test plants. the isolates differed in severity of infection, host range and symptomatology. a subgroup differentiation of 43 isolates from 22 localities of western and middle slovakia was accomplished ... | 1998 | 10073223 |
| breeding of plums and prunes resistant to plum pox virus. | at hohenheim we started a plum breeding programme to get new sharka-resistant cultivars with better fruit quality. in the last years we have recognized that the resistance of all cultivated plums is based on quantitative criteria and therefore relative. for this reason we changed our strategy for the resistance breeding. for the first breeding cycle we used special donors with quantitative resistance. today, the qualitative resistance is more integrated. we intend to combine both types of resist ... | 1998 | 10073224 |
| aphid species--vectors of plum pox virus. | plum pox virus (ppv) is widely spread by natural vectors present in plum orchards. the efficiency of transmission is dependent on the frequency of the occurrence of vectors and the cultivar susceptibility to this pathogen. having in view that ppv has a wide range of annual and multiannual host plants and vectors, there is great concern for obtaining ppv-resistant cultivars. this report deals with the following vectors: hyalopterus pruni, brachycaudus cardui, brachycaudus helichrysi. myzus persic ... | 1998 | 10073225 |
| high resistance and control of biological risks in transgenic plants expressing modified plum pox virus coat protein. | transgenic plums transformed with the plum pox virus coat protein (ppv cp) gene displayed a resistance to the sharka disease (ravelonandro et al., 1997). however, the expression of ppv cp in transgenic plants may lead to complementation of deficient characteristic of an incoming potyvirus. indeed, an aphid-intransmissible strain of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv-nat) could be transmitted when encapsidated by the engineered ppv cp (lecoq et al., 1993). to control such a risk, new ppv cp const ... | 1998 | 10073226 |
| mineral nutrition of plum trees as an important factor of protection against plum pox virus disease. | the experimental results obtained from a fruit garden at krajné pointed out a different content of macrobiogenic elements in the leaves of plum trees infected with plum pox virus (ppv) as compared to healthy ones. mineral nutrition of diseased trees was characteristic by lower relational values of topical levels of macrobiogenic elements especially those of n/p, n/k, (ca + mg)/k, and (n/p)/(n/k). | 1998 | 10073227 |
| preliminary report on the apparent breaking of resistance of a transgenic plum by chip bud inoculation of plum pox virus ppv-s. | five transgenic clones of prunus domestica l. containing plum pox virus (ppv) coat protein (cp) gene and one non-transformed control clone were challenged with ppv-s in the field. symptoms developed on c2, c3, c4, c6 and b70146 but not c5 trees inoculated by chip budding (cbi) (2/2, 2/2, 1/1, 2/2 and 2/2, positive/inoculated) in the first summer after inoculation. however, in the second year, symptoms appeared on cbi c5 trees. the presence of the virus in the plants was confirmed by enzyme-linke ... | 1998 | 10073228 |
| new results concerning the plum pox virus epidemiology and resistance of plum cultivars, hybrids and rootstocks. | our recent results on the plum pox virus (ppv) epidemiology show that ppv spreads very rapidly in plum tree plantations in the contaminated areas. a clearing of the ppv-infected trees reduces significantly the spread of the virus but does not eliminate the disease. some plum tree cultivars, hybrids and rootstocks (scoldus, alina, cristi, bn 1/8fl, bn 2gr. etc) showing field resistance could not be infected with ppv by natural way. however, they could be infected with ppv by artificial inoculatio ... | 1998 | 10073229 |
| production of a monoclonal antibody specific to the el amar strain of plum pox virus. | plum pox virus (ppv) isolates are grouped into three clusters differentiated by biological, serological, molecular and epidemiological characteristics: marcus (m), dideron (d) and cherry (c). the el amar (ea) isolate that does not fit any of the above groups is also known. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that specifically recognize m, d, and c strains of ppv are already available. to complete the set of ppv strain-specific serological reagents, mabs against the ea isolate were raised by immunizing ... | 1998 | 10073230 |
| detection and serotyping of mediterranean plum pox virus isolates by means of strain-specific monoclonal antibodies. | plum pox virus (ppv) is a major threat to the expanding mediterranean stone fruit industry. in order to control the plum pox disease it is of utmost importance to detect early ppv foci and to identify the ppv isolates involved. a survey was therefore carried out in albania, cyprus, egypt, greece, italy and turkey by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) with the following monoclonal antibodies (mabs): 5b (universal), 4dg5 (ppv-d-specific), al (ppv-m-specific), ... | 1998 | 10073231 |
| molecular variability of czech plum pox virus isolates. | seventy-two czech plum pox virus (ppv) isolates from different hosts were tested by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). in addition, the coat protein mobility and the rsai restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) pattern of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-(rt-pcr) amplified coat protein (cp) gene fragment of the isolates were analysed. both ppv-d and ppv-m serotypes were found in the czech republic. the results obtained by these differen ... | 1998 | 10073232 |
| testing of plum germplasm for sensitivity to plum pox. | a long-term orchard experiment with a broad assortment of plum cultivars aimed to screen their sensitivity to plum pox virus (ppv) was established in 1991. for this purpose, 207 cultivars to be artificially infected with ppv at a permanent site were chosen. the serotype m of ppv from a tree of cv. domestic prune, which had not been contaminated by other viruses, was used as a source of the infection. three buds infected with ppv were budded on 1-year-old trees. in the course of experiment the fo ... | 1998 | 10073233 |
| detection of plum pox virus in apricot seeds. | twelve different apricot selection trees from a germplasm collection naturally infected with plum pox virus (ppv) were chosen to investigate the role of seeds in the epidemiology of this dangerous pathogen. all the considered plants showed typical symptoms on leaves and fruits and were positive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the virus was characterized by immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ic-rt-pcr) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism ... | 1998 | 10073234 |
| relative concentration of plum pox virus in leaves and flowers of some prunus species and cultivars. | the relative concentration of plum pox virus (ppv) in leaves and flowers of plum, damson, myrobalan, blackthorn, apricot and peach trees was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and expressed as the lowest dilution with positive reaction. significant differences in relative ppv concentration were found in leaves among individual prunus species naturally or artificially infected with the virus. the highest relative ppv concentration was found in blackthorns (7.81 x 10(-4)), com ... | 1998 | 10073235 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism differentiation of plum pox virus isolates. | reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis were used to analyse six isolates of plum pox virus (ppv). whole coat protein (cp) gene was amplified in four isolates using the unipoty-polyt primer pari. ppv-d was identified by rflp analysis using sfui and drai enzymes in two of the isolates. two isolates of ppv-m strain yielded rt-pcr products which could not be digested by the two enzymes. other isolates were subje ... | 1998 | 10073236 |
| characterization of phenotype resistance to plum pox of transgenic plums expressing plum pox virus capsid gene. | resistance to plum pox virus (ppv) infection can be obtained in transgenic plants that express the virus capsid gene. an agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to introduce the ppv capsid gene into prunus domestica plants. over 11 regenerated plants (clones) were observed for the development of the disease symptoms and analysed for the presence of ppv by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), western blot analysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) through ... | 1998 | 10073237 |
| agroclimatical analysis of plum pox virus spread in slovakia. | in this report, the plum pox virus (ppv) spread from the point of view of agroclimatical conditions on the territory of slovakia is analysed. the worst condition for the ppv spread was found in a warm macroregion. the air temperature sum in this macroregion during vegetative period ranged from 2400 to 3100 degrees c. the worst condition for the ppv spread was found in dry subregions of the macroregion. these were defined by differences between potential evapotranspiration and rainfall sums which ... | 1998 | 10073238 |
| detection of plum pox virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in some apricot and peach varieties and hybrids in romania. | plum pox virus (ppv) is a potyvirus widely spread in many species of the prunus genus such as plum, apricot, peach, sweet cherry and others. this potyvirus causes great damage to stone fruit trees in romania and other european countries as hungary, italy, czech republic, france, spain, greece, turkey, and slovak republic. the research station for fruit tree growing baneasa in bucharest has realized many studies on the epidemiology and spread of ppv and also on the disease symptomatology and dete ... | 1998 | 10073239 |
| plum pox potyvirus resistance associated to transgene silencing that can be stabilized after different number of plant generations. | nicotiana benthamiana plants were transformed with a fragment of the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) genome that encodes the nuclear inclusion a (nia) and b (nib) proteins and the n-terminus of the capsid protein (nia-nib-cp). lines transformed with this ppv genomic fragment harboring mutations in the gdd replicase-motif were also obtained. plants of niadeltav lines that carry a gdd to vdd mutation in the ppv transgene, were immune to ppv infection. the resistance was highly specific, since it was only ... | 1998 | 9469941 |
| a sex-linked ace gene, not linked to insensitive acetylcholinesterase-mediated insecticide resistance in culex pipiens. | an acetylcholinesterase (ache) gene, ace.x, showing 93% identity of deduced amino acid sequence to anopheles stephensi ace has been cloned from a culex pipiens strain homozygous for insensitive ache (iache) mediated insecticide resistance. dna sequence of genomic dna clones identified exons 2-5. rflp of six clones indicated four possible alleles. linkage analysis located ace.x to chromosome i, less than 0.8 centimorgans from the sex locus, whereas the locus conferring resistance was 2.0 centimor ... | 1998 | 9535157 |
| specific oligonucleotide primers for the direct detection of plum pox potyvirus-cherry subgroup. | a specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for direct identification of the distinct subgroup of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates from cherry trees (ppv-cherry, ppv-c) and its differentiation from other known subgroups of ppv. the specificity of the assay is based on using a pair of primers whose nucleotide sequences are located on the coat protein gene of ppv-sour cherry (soc) at regions of high nucleotide divergence between ppv-soc and other isolates of ppv. the technique will b ... | 1998 | 9562418 |
| effect of gamma irradiation on the production of cell wall degrading enzymes by aspergillus niger. | fungi occurring in egyptian fruits in the city of qena were studied. results from the examination of 25 replicated samples of plums, pears and apples are reported. examinations were carried out by direct plating after surface disinfection in a 0.5% (w/v) calcium hypochlorite solution on czapek's-dox agar. the dominant fungus found in the three types of fruit was aspergillus niger, which was present in 88% of plum samples, 80% of pear samples and all of the apple samples. the lowest dose of gamma ... | 1998 | 9600619 |
| development of an antigen presentation system based on plum pox potyvirus. | the development of an antigen presentation system based on the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) is here described. the amino-terminal part of ppv capsid protein was chosen as the site for expression of foreign antigenic peptides. modifications in this site were engineered to avoid the capability of natural transmission by aphids of this ppv vector. as a first practical attempt, different forms of an antigenic peptide (single and tandem repetition) from the vp2 capsid protein of canine parvovirus (cpv) w ... | 1998 | 9607317 |
| nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with the plum pox virus helicase gene are resistant to virus infection. | nicotiana benthamiana domin. plants were transformed with the cytoplasmic inclusion protein (ci) gene of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) to investigate, whether this non-structural protein would be able to confer resistance. the ci protein is an rna helicase, which contains a conserved nucleotide binding motif (ntbm) and plays an important role in viral replication. two gene constructions were developed for plant transformation. the first contains the original coding sequence of the ci gene under the c ... | 1998 | 9617773 |
| use of modified plum pox virus coat protein genes developed to limit heteroencapsidation-associated risks in transgenic plants. | aphid transmission of a non-aphid-transmissible strain of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv-nat) occurs in transgenic plants expressing the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) coat protein (cp) gene. heteroencapsidation has been shown to be responsible for this modification in the epidemiological characteristics of the infecting virus. in order to prevent this biological risk, several modified ppv cp constructs were produced that were designed to interfere with heteroencapsidation itself or to block aphid ... | 1998 | 9634095 |
| proceedings of the middle european meeting on plum pox. smolenice, slovakia, june 29-july 3, 1998. | 1998 | 10391808 | |
| treatment of juvenile ametropia by auricular-plaster therapy combined with plum-blossom needle tapping--a report of 200 cases. | 1998 | 10437263 | |
| foliar sprays with steinernema carpocapsae against early-season apple pests. | persistence and field efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae a11 strain applied by foliar sprays were evaluated against the apple sawfly hoplocampa testudinea and the plum curculio conotrachelus nenuphar, two early-season pests in quebec apple orchards. from 1992 to 1995, bioassays with galleria mellonella larvae were conducted to assess the persistence of s. carpocapsae on leaves, flower clusters, and twigs up to 4 days after evening application. s. carpocapsae juveni ... | 1998 | 19274253 |
| comparison of monoclonal antibodies and polymerase chain reaction assays for the typing of isolates belonging to the d and m serotypes of plum pox potyvirus. | abstract plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates may be divided into four groups separated by serological, molecular, and epidemiological differences. monoclonal antibodies specific for the two major groups of isolates, represented by the d and m serotypes of the virus, have been obtained. polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays allowing the direct detection and differentiation of ppv isolates have also been developed. we now report on a large-scale comparison of these two typing approaches. the ... | 1998 | 18944965 |
| differential response to root-knot nematodes in prunus species and correlative genetic implications. | responses of 17 prunus rootstocks or accessions (11 from the subgenus amygdalus and 6 from the subgenus prunophora) were evaluated against 11 isolates of meloidogyne spp. including one m. arenaria, four m. incognita, four m. javanica, one m. hispanica, and an unclassified population from florida. characterization of plant response to root-knot nematodes was based on a gall index rating. numbers of females and juveniles plus eggs in the roots were determined for 10 of the rootstocks evaluated aga ... | 1997 | 19274170 |