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accumulation of biomass and mineral elements with calendar time by cotton: application of the expanded growth model.accumulation of plant biomass (mg ha(-1)) with calendar time (wk) occurs as a result of photosynthesis for green land-based plants. a corresponding accumulation of mineral elements (kg ha(-1)) such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium occurs from the soil through plant roots. field data from literature for the warm-season annual cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) are used in this analysis. the expanded growth model is used to describe accumulation of biomass and mineral elements with calendar time ...201324039802
isolation and expression profiling of ghnac transcription factor genes in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) during leaf senescence and in response to stresses.nac (nam, ataf, and cuc) is a plant-specific transcription factor family with diverse roles in plant development and stress regulation. in this report, stress-responsive nac genes (ghnac8-ghnac17) isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were characterised in the context of leaf senescence and stress tolerance. the characterisation of nac genes during leaf senescence has not yet been reported for cotton. based on the sequence characterisation, these ghnacs could be classified into three grou ...201324036432
variations in seed protein content of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) mutant lines by in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis.the present work describes the influence of gamma irradiation (gr), ethyl methane sulphonate (ems) and sodium azide (sa) treatment on yield and protein content of selected mutant lines of cotton. seeds of mcu 5 and mcu 11 were exposed to gamma rays (gr), ethyl methane sulphonate (ems) and sodium azide (sa). lower dose of gamma irradiation (100-500 gy), 10-50 mm ems and sa at lower concentration effectively influences in improving the yield and protein content. significant increase in yield (258. ...201324006801
isolation, characterization and mapping of genes differentially expressed during fibre development between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense by cdna-srap.gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense are two cultivated tetraploid cotton species with differences in fibre quality. the fibre of g. barbadense is longer, stronger and finer than that of g. hirsutum. to isolate genes expressed differently between the two species during fibre development, cdna-srap (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) was applied. this technique was used to analyse genes at different stages of fibre development in g. hirsutum cv. emian22 and g. barbadense acc. 3-79, the pare ...201323970073
response of mirnas and their targets to salt and drought stresses in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are an important gene regulator, controlling almost all biological and metabolic processes, in both plants and animals. in this study, we investigated the effect of drought and salinity stress on the expression of mirnas and their targets in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). our results show that the expression change of mirnas and their targets were dose-dependent and tissue-dependent under salinity and drought conditions. the expression of mirnas in leaf was down-regulated und ...201323948080
the complete mitochondrial genome of gossypium hirsutum and evolutionary analysis of higher plant mitochondrial genomes.mitochondria are the main manufacturers of cellular atp in eukaryotes. the plant mitochondrial genome contains large number of foreign dna and repeated sequences undergone frequently intramolecular recombination. upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is one of the main natural fiber crops and also an important oil-producing plant in the world. sequencing of the cotton mitochondrial (mt) genome could be helpful for the evolution research of plant mt genomes.201323940520
evaluation and selection of reliable reference genes for gene expression under abiotic stress in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).reference genes are critical for normalization of the gene expression level of target genes. the widely used housekeeping genes may change their expression levels at different tissue under different treatment or stress conditions. therefore, systematical evaluation on the housekeeping genes is required for gene expression analysis. up to date, no work was performed to evaluate the housekeeping genes in cotton under stress treatment. in this study, we chose 10 housekeeping genes to systematically ...201323933278
genome-wide analysis of small rna and novel microrna discovery during fiber and seed initial development in gossypium hirsutum. l.cotton is the source of the most important, renewable natural textile fiber and oil in the world. micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous, non-coding, approximately 18-24 nucleotides long rnas and function in the negative regulation of their target genes. two mostly overlapping libraries of small rna molecules were constructed and sequenced, and served as repetition sets of data to identify mirnas involved in fiber initiation and seed development. the d genome sequence of gossypium raimondii was used ...201323922789
molecular characterisation of two homoeologous elicitor-responsive lipin genes in cotton.the identification and molecular characterisation of two lipin-like gene copies (ghlipn) in cotton, gossypium hirsutum, an allotetraploid derived from two progenitor diploid gossypium species, is described. sequence analyses of the ghlipn copies, designated ghlipn-1 and -2, revealed that they contain 11 exons, separated by ten introns. they each have a 2,643 bp open reading frame that encodes 880 aa proteins, and share a 97.7 and 95.5 % sequence similarity at the translated nucleotide and amino ...201323897433
cloning and characterization of a flo/lfy ortholog in gossypium hirsutum l.ghlfy was cloned from g. hirsutum l. its expression, subcellular localization, and function were analyzed, as well as the in vivo regulation of ghlfy by the mads-box protein soc1 (ghsoc1).201323893068
characterization and expression analysis of a fiber differentially expressed fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein gene in sea island cotton fibers.fasciclin-like arabinogalactan (fla) protein is a cell-wall-associated protein playing crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development, and it was characterized in different plants including upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). in cdna-aflp analysis of 25 dpa (days post anthesis) fiber mrna, two fla gene-related transcripts exhibit differential expression between sea island cotton (g. barbadense l.) and upland cotton. based on the transcript-derived fragment, race-pcr and realtime pcr ...201323875019
single and multiple in-season measurements as indicators of at-harvest cotton boll damage caused by verde plant bug (hemiptera: miridae).the ability to monitor verde plant bug, creontiades signatus distant (hemiptera: miridae), and the progression of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., boll responses to feeding and associated cotton boll rot provided opportunity to assess if single in-season measurements had value in evaluating at-harvest damage to bolls and if multiple in-season measurements enhanced their combined use. one in-season verde plant bug density measurement, three in-season plant injury measurements, and two at-harvest da ...201323865196
compensation of lygus hesperus induced preflower fruit loss in cotton.a 3-yr field study quantified the compensatory ability of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to preflower fruit damage by lygus hesperus knight in the texas high plains under limited irrigation. experiments were designed to achieve varying levels of preflower fruit loss by augmenting lygus bug populations using nymphal bugs reared in a laboratory colony. treatments included 1) three bugs per plant (3pp), 2) one bug per plant (1pp), 3) naturally occurring background bug density or untreated control ( ...201323865185
qtl analysis for early-maturing traits in cotton using two upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) crosses.making use of the markers linked closely to qtl for early-maturing traits for mas (marker-assisted selection) is an effective method for the simultaneous improvement of early maturity and other properties in cotton. in this study, two f2 populations and their f2:3 families were generated from the two upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) crosses, baimian2 × tm-1 and baimian2 × cir12. qtl for early-maturing traits were analyzed using f2:3 families. a total of 54 qtl (31 suggestive and 23 signific ...201323853509
tolerance to feeding damage by cotton fleahopper (hemiptera: miridae) among genotypes representing adapted germplasm pools of united states upland cotton.cotton fleahopper [pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter)] (hemiptera: miridae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in texas and oklahoma because of their feeding on small floral buds which are termed squares. damage to early season squares can reduce yield, delay crop maturity and increase the risk of crop loss because of late season insect pests and adverse weather. insecticide applications are the only control tactic. the objectives of this study were to det ...201323786099
impact of twospotted spider mite (acari: tetranychidae) duration of infestation on cotton seedlings.the yield response of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., to twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, duration of infestation during the seedling stage was measured at starkville and stoneville, ms, during 2010 and 2011. the treatments included a noninfested control, infestations lasting for 7, 14, 21, or 28 d, and a season long infested control. twospotted spider mites from a greenhouse colony were inoculated on all of the infested cotton plots during the three-leaf stage. applications of m ...201323786075
large-scale resource development in gossypium hirsutum l. by 454 sequencing of genic-enriched libraries from six diverse genotypes.the sequence information has been proved to be an essential genomic resource in case of crop plants for their genetic improvement and better utilization by humans. to dissect the gossypium hirsutum genome for large-scale development of genomic resources, we adopted hypomethylated restriction-based genomic enrichment strategy to sequence six diverse genotypes. approximately 5.2-gb data (more than 18.36 million reads) was generated which, after assembly, represents nearly 1.27-gb genomic sequences ...201323782852
transcript profiling by microarray and marker analysis of the short cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber mutant ligon lintless-1 (li1).cotton fiber length is very important to the quality of textiles. understanding the genetics and physiology of cotton fiber elongation can provide valuable tools to the cotton industry by targeting genes or other molecules responsible for fiber elongation. ligon lintless-1 (li1) is a monogenic mutant in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) which exhibits an early cessation of fiber elongation resulting in very short fibers (< 6 mm) at maturity. this presents an excellent model system for studying ...201323767687
molecular cloning and function analysis of two squamosa-like mads-box genes from gossypium hirsutum l.the mads-box genes encode a large family of transcription factors having diverse roles in plant development. the squamosa (squa)/apetala1 (ap1)/fruitfull (ful) subfamily genes are essential regulators of floral transition and floral organ identity. here we cloned two mads-box genes, ghmads22 and ghmads23, belonging to the squa/ap1/ful subgroup from gossypium hirsutum l. phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment showed that ghmads22 and ghmads23 belonged to the euful and euap1 subclades, respe ...201323718551
transcriptome profiling reveals auxin and cytokinin regulating somatic embryogenesis in different sister lines of cotton cultivar ccri24.to get a broader view on the molecular mechanisms underlying somatic embryogenesis (se) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), global analysis of cotton transcriptome dynamics during se in different sister lines was performed using rna-seq. a total of 204 349 unigenes were detected by de novo assembly of the 214 977 462 illumina reads. the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) measurements were positively correlated with the rna-seq results for almost all the tested ...201323710882
resolving multiple host use of an emergent pest of cotton with microsatellite data and chloroplast markers (creontiades dilutus stål; hemiptera, miridae).following the global uptake of transgenic cotton several hemipteran pests have emerged as primary targets for pesticide control. previous research on one such emergent pest: the green mirid, creontiades dilutus, indicated differential use of two crop hosts, cotton (gossypium hirsutum, malvaceae) and lucerne (alfalfa) (medicago sativa, fabaceae). we tested the hypothesis that this apparent demographic independence of lucerne and cotton inhabiting mirids is the result of cryptic species being asso ...201323702301
selection and characterization of a novel photoperiod-sensitive male sterile line in upland cotton.upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) shows strong heterosis. however, heterosis is not widely utilized owing to the high cost of hybrid seed production. creation of a photoperiod-sensitive genetic male sterile line could substantially reduce the cost of hybrid seed production in upland cotton. such a mutant with virescent marker was found by space mutation in near-earth orbit and its traits had been stable after 4 years of selection in anyang and sanya, china. this mutant was fertile with an 11 ...201323691935
how predictable are the behavioral responses of insects to herbivore induced changes in plants? responses of two congeneric thrips to induced cotton plants.changes in plants following insect attack are referred to as induced responses. these responses are widely viewed as a form of defence against further insect attack. in the current study we explore whether it is possible to make generalizations about induced plant responses given the unpredictability and variability observed in insect-plant interactions. experiments were conducted to test for consistency in the responses of two congeneric thrips, frankliniella schultzei trybom and frankliniella ...201323691075
using genome-referenced expressed sequence tag assembly to analyze the origin and expression patterns of gossypium hirsutum transcripts.we assembled a total of 297,239 gossypium hirsutum (gh, a tetraploid cotton, aadd) expressed sequence tag (est) sequences that were available in the national center for biotechnology information database, with reference to the recently published g. raimondii (gr, a diploid cotton, dd) genome, and obtained 49,125 unigenes. the average lengths of the unigenes were increased from 804 and 791 bp in two previous est assemblies to 1,019 bp in the current analysis. the number of putative cotton unigene ...201323675784
cotton ghbak1 mediates verticillium wilt resistance and cell death.virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) offers a powerful approach for functional analysis of individual genes by knocking down their expression. we have adopted this approach to dissect gene functions in cotton resistant to verticillium wilt, one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. we showed here that highly efficient vigs was obtained in a cotton breeding line (ca4002) with partial resistance to verticillium wilt, and ghmkk2 and ghve1 are required for its resistance to verticillium wilt. a ...201323675706
effects of rootstocks on cryotolerance and overwintering survivorship of genic male sterile lines in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).grafting desirable scion on stress-tolerant rootstocks provides an opportunity to improve the cryotolerance of scion. genic male sterile (gms) lines of plant could be used as sterile line and maintainer in breeding, and they have the conspicuous characteristics that the fertility of which is easy to regain but hard to maintain by sexual reproduction. in order to maintain the fertility of gms cotton by means of its perennial growth on the basis of frostless winters in nanning, guangxi autonomous ...201323667634
cotton ghcki disrupts normal male reproduction by delaying tapetum programmed cell death via inactivating starch synthase.anther infertility under high temperature (ht) conditions is a critical factor contributing to yield loss in cotton (gossypium hirsutum). using large-scale expression profile sequencing, we studied the effect of ht on cotton anther development. our analysis revealed that altered carbohydrate metabolism or disrupted tapetal programmed cell death (pcd) underlie anther sterility. expression of the gossypium hirsutum casein kinase i (ghcki) gene, which encodes a homolog of casein kinase i (cki), was ...201323662698
neonicotinoid insecticides alter induced defenses and increase susceptibility to spider mites in distantly related crop plants.chemical suppression of arthropod herbivores is the most common approach to plant protection. insecticides, however, can cause unintended, adverse consequences for non-target organisms. previous studies focused on the effects of pesticides on target and non-target pests, predatory arthropods, and concomitant ecological disruptions. little research, however, has focused on the direct effects of insecticides on plants. here we demonstrate that applications of neonicotinoid insecticides, one of the ...201323658754
cotton anngh3 encoding an annexin protein is preferentially expressed in fibers and promotes initiation and elongation of leaf trichomes in transgenic arabidopsis.the annexins are a multifamily of calcium-regulated phospholipid-binding proteins. to investigate the roles of annexins in fiber development, four genes encoding putative annexin proteins were isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and designated anngh3, anngh4, anngh5, and anngh6. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) results indicated that anngh3, anngh4, and anngh5 were preferentially expressed in fibers, while the transcripts of anngh6 were predominantly a ...201323651035
cotton gasl genes encoding putative gibberellin-regulated proteins are involved in response to ga signaling in fiber development.gast (ga-stimulated transcript)-like genes have been reported as targets of ga regulation in some plant species. in this study, we isolated seven gast-like cdnas from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cdna libraries (designated as ghgasl1-ghgasl7). meanwhile, the genomic dna clones corresponding to the seven ghgasl genes were isolated by using pcr amplification technique. analysis of gene structure revealed that four genes (ghgasl1/3/5/6) contain two exons and one intron, while the rest have four exon ...201323645033
chloroplast-targeted expression of recombinant crystal-protein gene in cotton: an unconventional combat with resistant pests.plants transformed with single bt gene are liable to develop insect resistance and this has already been reported in a number of studies carried out around the world where bt cotton was cultivated on commercial scale. later, it was envisaged to transform plants with more than one bt genes in order to combat with resistant larvae. this approach seems valid as various bt genes possess different binding domains which could delay the likely hazards of insect resistance against a particular bt toxin. ...201323643479
cotton bracts are adapted to a microenvironment of concentrated co2 produced by rapid fruit respiration.elucidation of the mechanisms by which plants adapt to elevated co2 is needed; however, most studies of the mechanisms investigated the response of plants adapted to current atmospheric co2. the rapid respiration rate of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fruits (bolls) produces a concentrated co2 microenvironment around the bolls and bracts. it has been observed that the intercellular co2 concentration of a whole fruit (bract and boll) ranges from 500 to 1300 µmol mol(-1) depending on the irradiance, ...201323625144
comparative expression profiling of mirna during anther development in genetic male sterile and wild type cotton.genetic male sterility (gms) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) plays an important role in the utilization of hybrid vigor. however, the molecular mechanism of the gms is still unclear. while numerous studies have demonstrated that micrornas (mirna) regulate flower and anther development, whether different small rna regulations exist in gms and its wild type is unclear. a deep sequencing approach was used to investigate the global expression and complexity of small rnas during cotton anther developm ...201323597285
two modified rna extraction methods compatible with transcript profiling and gene expression analysis for cotton roots.efficient isolation of high-quality rna is of prime importance for optimal transcript profiling results and further gene expression analysis. however, it is difficult for cotton roots because of lower-than-average rna content and high content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other secondary metabolites. to develop simple and reliable protocols for high-quality rna extraction from cotton roots for transcript profiling and gene expression analysis, some modifications were introduced to a repor ...201323581784
mapping heterotic loci for yield and agronomic traits using chromosome segment introgression lines in cotton.in the present study, a set of chromosome segment introgression lines (csils) using gossypium hirsutum l. tm-1 as the recipient parent and g. barbadense hai7124 as the donor parent were used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis for interspecific hybrids. two sets of f₁ populations individually derived from csils crossing with both parents were configured to investigate heterotic loci (hl) and substitution effect loci (sl). a total of 58 hl and 39 sl were identified in 3 years. one stable hl ...201323570369
analysis of flavonoids and the flavonoid structural genes in brown fiber of upland cotton.as a result of changing consumer preferences, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) from varieties with naturally colored fibers is becoming increasingly sought after in the textile industry. the molecular mechanisms leading to colored fiber development are still largely unknown, although it is expected that the color is derived from flavanoids.201323527031
genotypic variability for root/shoot parameters under water stress in some advanced lines of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).research pertaining to genetic variability parameters, heritability, and genotypic, phenotypic, simple, and environmental correlations for various seedling traits in five elite advanced cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) lines (fh-113, fh-114, fh-941, fh-942, and fh-2015) and one check (cim-496) was carried out during october and november 2010 under greenhouse conditions at the cotton research institute (faisalabad, pakistan). material was raised in plastic tubes with a randomized complete block des ...201323512672
integrated metabolomics and genomics analysis provides new insights into the fiber elongation process in ligon lintless-2 mutant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the length of cotton fiber is an important agronomic trait characteristic that directly affects the quality of yarn and fabric. the cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber mutation, ligon lintless-2, is controlled by a single dominant gene (li(2)) and results in extremely shortened lint fibers on mature seeds with no visible pleiotropic effects on vegetative growth and development. the li(2) mutant phenotype provides an ideal model system to study fiber elongation. to understand metabolic processes ...201323497242
variations and transmission of qtl alleles for yield and fiber qualities in upland cotton cultivars developed in china.cotton is the world's leading cash crop, and genetic improvement of fiber yield and quality is the primary objective of cotton breeding program. in this study, we used various approaches to identify qtls related to fiber yield and quality. firstly, we constructed a four-way cross (4wc) mapping population with four base core cultivars, stoneville 2b, foster 6, deltapine 15 and zhongmiansuo no.7 (cri 7), as parents in chinese cotton breeding history and identified 83 qtls for 11 agronomic and fibe ...201323468939
polycat: a resource for genome categorization of sequencing reads from allopolyploid organisms.read mapping is a fundamental part of next-generation genomic research but is complicated by genome duplication in many plants. categorizing dna sequence reads into their respective genomes enables current methods to analyze polyploid genomes as if they were diploid. we present polycat-a pipeline for mapping and categorizing all types of next-generation sequence data produced from allopolyploid organisms. polycat uses gsnap's single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-tolerant mapping to minimize the ...201323450226
verde plant bug (hemiptera: miridae) feeding injury to cotton bolls characterized by boll age, size, and damage ratings.the verde plant bug, creontiades signatus (distant), has been present in south texas for several years but has more recently been documented as an economic threat to cultivated cotton, (gossypium hirsutum l. our studies over 2 yr (2009 and 2010) and two locations (weslaco and corpus christi, tx) investigated feeding-injury of the verde plant bug to a range of cotton boll age classes defined by boll diameter and accumulated degree-days (anthesis to the time of infesting) for first-position cotton ...201323448031
reproductive dormancy in boll-weevil from populations of the midwest of brazil.the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis boheman) (coleoptera: curculionidae) is an introduced pest in brazil, which in 30 yr has successfully expanded to various eco-regions and became the most important pest of cotton (gossypium hirsutum, malvaceae). given the limited knowledge about the adaptive mechanisms that allowed successful establishment of the pest population in a tropical region, in this work we studied the potential of the midwest population of boll weevils to enter a reproductive dormanc ...201323448019
identification of mitochondrial dna sequence variation and development of single nucleotide polymorphic markers for cms-d8 in cotton.cytoplasmic male sterility (cms), which is a maternally inherited trait and controlled by novel chimeric genes in the mitochondrial genome, plays a pivotal role in the production of hybrid seed. in cotton, no pcr-based marker has been developed to discriminate cms-d8 (from gossypium trilobum) from its normal upland cotton (ad1, gossypium hirsutum) cytoplasm. the objective of the current study was to develop pcr-based single nucleotide polymorphic (snp) markers from mitochondrial genes for the cm ...201323435734
genetic diversity analysis in opal cotton hybrids based on ssr, issr, and rapd markers.cotton is one of the most economically important crops in iran; hybridization is a means to increase the genetic diversity and obtain new elite cultivars in this crop. we examined agronomic characteristics and molecular genetic diversity in the opal cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivar and in f(2) progenies. ten homo-primers and seven hetero-primers of 26 rapd primers produced 261 reproducible bands, with an average of 4.18 bands per primer and 22% polymorphism. the opb12/oph08 primer gave the h ...201323408413
transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes during anther development in genetic male sterile and wild type cotton by digital gene-expression profiling.cotton (gossypium hirsutum) anther development involves a diverse range of gene interactions between sporophytic and gametophytic tissues. however, only a small number of genes are known to be specifically involved in this developmental process and the molecular mechanism of the genetic male sterility (gms) is still poorly understand. to fully explore the global gene expression during cotton anther development and identify genes related to male sterility, a digital gene expression (dge) analysis ...201323402279
carbon dioxide diffusion across stomata and mesophyll and photo-biochemical processes as affected by growth co2 and phosphorus nutrition in cotton.nutrients such as phosphorus may exert a major control over plant response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (co2), which is projected to double by the end of the 21st century. elevated co2 may overcome the diffusional limitations to photosynthesis posed by stomata and mesophyll and alter the photo-biochemical limitations resulting from phosphorus deficiency. to evaluate these ideas, cotton (gossypium hirsutum) was grown in controlled environment growth chambers with three level ...201323384758
small rna and degradome sequencing reveal complex mirna regulation during cotton somatic embryogenesis.micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous non-coding ~21 nucleotide rnas that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in plants and animals. they play an important role in development, abiotic stress, and pathogen responses. mirnas with their targets have been widely studied in model plants, but limited knowledge is available on the small rna population of cotton (gossypium hirsutum)-an important economic crop, and global identification of related targets through ...201323382553
genetic mapping and characteristics of genes specifically or preferentially expressed during fiber development in cotton.cotton fiber is an ideal model to study cell elongation and cell wall construction in plants. during fiber development, some genes and proteins have been reported to be specifically or preferentially expressed. mapping of them will reveal the genomic distribution of these genes, and will facilitate selection in cotton breeding. based on previous reports, we designed 331 gene primers and 164 protein primers, and used single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) to map and integrate them into ou ...201323372723
genes expressed in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) buds isolated with a subtractive library.a subtractive cdna library from cotton buds was constructed to prospect for differentially expressed genes related to early bud development. a library was constructed and 768 cdna sequences were obtained, comprising 168 clusters, with 126 contigs and 42 singlets. both the gossypium as well as arabidopsis databases were utilized for the in silico analysis, since some genes identified in cotton have not yet been studied for functionality, although they have homology with genes from other species. ...201323359022
[effects of fertilization on cotton growth and nitrogen use efficiency under salinity stress].cotton (gossypium hirsutum) was raised at different salinity levels (0, 0.15% and 0.30%) by irrigating with fresh- or sea-water. the effects of fertilization (n, nk, np and npk) on plant growth, nitrogen (n) uptake and n use efficiency were studied. the results showed that salinity and fertilization both affected the biomass, agronomic n use efficiency, n bioavailability and nitrogen accumulation of plants, and significant interaction was observed between the two factors. fertilization could imp ...201324697064
identification and analyses of aux-iaa target genes controlling multiple pathways in developing fiber cells of gossypium hirsutum l.technological development led to an increased interest in systems biological approaches in plants to characterize developmental mechanism and candidate genes relevant to specific tissue or cell morphology. aux-iaa proteins are important plant-specific putative transcription factors. there are several reports on physiological response of this family in arabidopsis but in cotton fiber the transcriptional network through which aux-iaa regulated its target genes is still unknown. in-silico modelling ...201324497725
induction and establishment of somatic embryogenesis in elite indian cotton cultivar (gossypium hirsutum l. cv khandwa-2).embryogenesis in cotton is a difficult task due its genome dependency. we used 3 cotton cultivars (khandwa-2, g. cot. 10, and bc-68–2) and coker-312 as control for regeneration. efficient somatic embryogenesis was induced in agronomically important indian cotton cultivars, khandwa-2 and g. cot. 10. for callusing in all the cultivars, different media combinations were tried. embryogenesis was initiated on a hormone-free ms medium (msb). for embryo maturation and recovery excess of l-glutamine and ...201324494238
effects of fuzzless cottonseed phenotype on cottonseed nutrient composition in near isogenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) mutant lines under well-watered and water stress conditions.there is no information available on the effect of fuzzless seed trait on cottonseed nutrient composition (minerals, n, s, protein, and oil) under drought stress. the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the fuzzless seed trait on cottonseed nutrients using five sets of near-isogenic lines (nils). each set consists of two lines that share the same genetic background, but differ in seed fuzziness (fuzzy, f; fuzzless, n). the near isogenic lines will enable us to compare the ...201324416037
bac-pool sequencing and analysis of large segments of a12 and d12 homoeologous chromosomes in upland cotton.although new and emerging next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies have reduced sequencing costs significantly, much work remains to implement them for de novo sequencing of complex and highly repetitive genomes such as the tetraploid genome of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). herein we report the results from implementing a novel, hybrid sanger/454-based bac-pool sequencing strategy using minimum tiling path (mtp) bacs from ctg-3301 and ctg-465, two large genomic segments in a12 and ...201324116150
efficient decolorization and deproteinization using uniform polymer microspheres in the succinic acid biorefinery from bio-waste cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) stalks.bio-waste cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) stalks were converted into succinic acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) using actinobacillus succinogenes 130z. after 54 h ssf at 40 °c and ph 7.0, the production of succinic acid was 63 g/l, with 1.17 g/l/h productivity and 64% conversion yield. after ssf, a simple method for the decolorization and deproteinization of crude ssf broth was developed through adsorption tests of polystyrene (pst) microspheres. under optimized conditi ...201322985822
high-frequency regeneration via multiple shoot induction of an elite recalcitrant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv narashima) by using embryo apex.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is one of the most commercially important fiber crops in the world. compared with other crops, cotton represents a recalcitrant species for regeneration protocols. the development of efficient and rapid regeneration protocol for elite indian cotton variety could help improve the quality characteristics and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. here we report a novel regeneration protocol in indian cotton cultivar narashima. the maximum number of multiple shoots obtai ...201323221745
molecular markers associated with the immature fiber (im) gene affecting the degree of fiber cell wall thickening in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton fiber fineness and maturity measured indirectly as micronaire (mic) are important properties of determining fiber grades in the textile market. to understand the genetic control and molecular mechanisms of fiber fineness and maturity, we studied two near isogenic lines, gossypium hirsutum, texas marker-1 wild type (tm-1) and immature fiber (im) mutant showing a significant difference in mic values. the fibers from im mutant plants were finer and less mature with lower mic values than thos ...201322890806
linkage mapping and expression analysis of mirnas and their target genes during fiber development in cotton.micrornas (mirnas) are small, endogenously expressed, non-coding rna molecules involved in gene transcription and expression that combine with specific mrna site of target genes to inhibit protein synthesis or degrade mrna. since the first plant mirna was reported in 2002, numerous new mirnas and their targets have been discovered via high-throughput sequencing and computational approaches. however, the genetic variation of mirna genes is poorly understood due to the lack of mirna-specific dna m ...201324131852
generation and analysis of a large-scale expressed sequence tag database from a full-length enriched cdna library of developing leaves of gossypium hirsutum l.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is one of the world's most economically-important crops. however, its entire genome has not been sequenced, and limited resources are available in genbank for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development and senescence.201324146870
a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein, ghfla1, is involved in fiber initiation and elongation of cotton.arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are involved in many aspects of plant development. in this study, biochemical and genetic approaches demonstrated that agps are abundant in developing fibers and may be involved in fiber initiation and elongation. to further investigate the role of agps during fiber development, a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein gene (ghfla1) was identified in cotton (gossypium hirsutum). overexpression of ghfla1 in cotton promoted fiber elongation, leading to an increase i ...201323349362
synergistic effects of ghsod1 and ghcat1 overexpression in cotton chloroplasts on enhancing tolerance to methyl viologen and salt stresses.in plants, cuzn superoxide dismutase (cuznsod, ec l.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (apx, ec 1.11.1.11), and catalase (cat, ec l.11.1.6) are important scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ros) to protect the cell from damage. in the present study, we isolated three homologous genes (ghsod1, ghapx1, and ghcat1) from gossypium hirsutum. overexpressing cassettes containing chimeric ghsod1, ghapx1, or ghcat1 were introduced into cotton plants by agrobacterium transformation, and overexpressed produc ...201323335985
elucidation of nuclear and organellar genomes of gossypium hirsutum: furthering studies of species evolution and applications for crop improvement.plant genomes are larger and more complex than other eukaryotic organisms, due to small and large duplication events, recombination and subsequent reorganization of the genetic material. commercially important cotton is the result of a polyploidization event between old and new world cottons that occurred over one million years ago. allotetraploid cotton has properties that are dramatically different from its progenitors-most notably, the presence of long, spinnable fibers. recently, the complet ...201324833222
field-acclimated gossypium hirsutum cultivars exhibit genotypic and seasonal differences in photosystem ii thermostability.previous investigations have demonstrated that photosystem ii (psii) thermostability acclimates to prior exposure to heat and drought, but contrasting results have been reported for cotton (gossypium hirsutum). we hypothesized that psii thermotolerance in g. hirsutum would acclimate to environmental conditions during the growing season and that there would be differences in psii thermotolerance between commercially-available u.s. cultivars. to this end, three cotton cultivars were grown under dr ...201323246028
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) shoot apex with a fungal phytase gene improves phosphorus acquisition.cotton is an important world economic crop plant. it is considered that cotton is recalcitrant to in vitro proliferation. somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration has been successful by using hypocotyl, whereas it is highly genotype dependent. here, a genotype-independent cotton regeneration protocol from shoot apices is presented. shoot apices from 3- to 5-day-old seedlings of cotton are infected with an agrobacterium strain, eha105, carrying the binary vector pc-ksa contained phytase gene ...201323143496
investigating transgene integration and organization in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genome.in this chapter, we present detailed experimental procedures for investigating integration patterns of transgenes in cotton genome. we use conventional pcr and genomic southern blot hybridization to characterize integration of t-dna components and vector backbone fragments. for multiple copy insertions into the same site (complex loci), transgene/transgene junctions (including canonical and truncated t-dna and transgene involved vector backbone sequences) are characterized by pcr and sequencing. ...201323143486
silicon carbide whisker-mediated transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).plant transformation methods are invaluable biotechnological tools to generate specific and targeted genetic variation for performance improvement of crop plants. genetic information is created by proper modification during gene cloning flanked by proper regulatory sequences and delivered to plants via -different plant transformation techniques. due to being a multipurpose plant, cotton has been subjected to different genetic transformation methods to provide the breeders with an opportunity to ...201323143485
biolistic transformation of cotton embryogenic cell suspension cultures.genetic transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is highly dependent on the ability to regenerate fertile plants from transgenic cells through somatic embryogenesis. induction of embryogenic cell cultures is genotype dependant. however, once embryogenic cell cultures are available, they can be effectively used for transformation by agrobacterium or biolistic bombardment methods. here i describe a detailed procedure to transform cotton embryogenic cell suspension cultures by biolistic bom ...201323143483
biolistic transformation of cotton zygotic embryo meristem.biolistic transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) meristems, isolated from mature seed, is detailed in this report. a commercially available, helium-driven biolistic device (bio-rad pds1000/he) was used to bombard gold particles coated with a marker gene (uida or "β-glucuronidase") into the shoot meristem. the penetration of gold particles was dependent on bombardment parameters and it was mostly one to two cell layers deep. stable transformation of epidermal l1 layer was consistently o ...201323143482
rnai-mediated ultra-low gossypol cottonseed trait: performance of transgenic lines under field conditions.cottonseed remains a low-value by-product of lint production mainly due to the presence of toxic gossypol that makes it unfit for monogastrics. ultra-low gossypol cottonseed (ulgcs) lines were developed using rnai knockdown of δ-cadinene synthase gene(s) in gossypium hirsutum. the purpose of the current study was to assess the stability and specificity of the ulgcs trait and evaluate the agronomic performance of the transgenic lines. trials conducted over a period of 3 years show that the ulgcs ...201323078138
extraction and characterization of nanocellulose structures from raw cotton linter.this study aimed to characterize nanocellulose extracted from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) linters. the nanocellulose was subjected to electronic microscopy, thermal analysis, x-ray diffractometry, light scattering, and contact angle. the properties of the nanocellulose are considerably different from the linter. the acidic hydrolyses applied to extract the nanocrystals increased the crystallinity index and the hydrophilicity and decreased the thermal stability. on average, the nanocrystals were ...201323044127
genome-wide functional analysis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) in response to drought.cotton is one of the most important crops for its natural textile fibers in the world. however, it often suffered from drought stress during its growth and development, resulting in a drastic reduction in cotton productivity. therefore, study on molecular mechanism of cotton drought-tolerance is very important for increasing cotton production. to investigate molecular mechanism of cotton drought-resistance, we employed rna-seq technology to identify differentially expressed genes in the leaves o ...201324260499
functional analyses of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) immature fiber (im) mutant infer that fiber cell wall development is associated with stress responses.cotton fiber maturity is an important factor for determining the commercial value of cotton. how fiber cell wall development affects fiber maturity is not well understood. a comparison of fiber cross-sections showed that an immature fiber (im) mutant had lower fiber maturity than its near isogenic wild type, texas marker-1 (tm-1). the availability of the im mutant and tm-1 provides a unique way to determine molecular mechanisms regulating cotton fiber maturity.201324341782
harmonic radar tagging for tracking movement of nezara viridula (hemiptera: pentatomidae).harmonic radar tagging was investigated as a method for monitoring the movement of the southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.) (hemiptera: pentatomidae). because adhesive toxicity and tag weight limit the use of this technology, initial efforts focused on selection of the optimal adhesive and design of harmonic radar tags to reduce impact on the movement of stink bugs. a design consisting of a 6-cm-long 0.10-mm-thick silver-plated copper monopole on the anode terminal of a three-contact s ...201324331611
rna-seq transcriptome profiling of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) root tissue under water-deficit stress.an rna-seq experiment was performed using field grown well-watered and naturally rain fed cotton plants to identify differentially expressed transcripts under water-deficit stress. our work constitutes the first application of the newly published diploid d5 gossypium raimondii sequence in the study of tetraploid ad1 upland cotton rna-seq transcriptome analysis. a total of 1,530 transcripts were differentially expressed between well-watered and water-deficit stressed root tissues, in patterns tha ...201324324815
transcriptome analysis reveals crosstalk of responsive genes to multiple abiotic stresses in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).abiotic stress is a major environmental factor that limits cotton growth and yield, moreover, this problem has become more and more serious recently, as multiple stresses often occur simultaneously due to the global climate change and environmental pollution. in this study, we sought to identify genes involved in diverse stresses including abscisic acid (aba), cold, drought, salinity and alkalinity by comparative microarray analysis. our result showed that 5790, 3067, 5608, 778 and 6148 transcri ...201324224045
the dual functions of wlim1a in cell elongation and secondary wall formation in developing cotton fibers.lin-11, isl1 and mec-3 (lim)-domain proteins play pivotal roles in a variety of cellular processes in animals, but plant lim functions remain largely unexplored. here, we demonstrate dual roles of the wlim1a gene in fiber development in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). wlim1a is preferentially expressed during the elongation and secondary wall synthesis stages in developing fibers. overexpression of wlim1a in cotton led to significant changes in fiber length and secondary wall structure. comp ...201324220634
the promoter structure differentiation of a myb transcription factor rlc1 causes red leaf coloration in empire red leaf cotton under light.the red leaf coloration of empire red leaf cotton (erlc) (gossypium hirsutum l.), resulted from anthocyanin accumulation in light, is a well known dominant agricultural trait. however, the underpin molecular mechanism remains elusive. to explore this, we compared the molecular biological basis of anthocyanin accumulation in both erlc and the green leaf cotton variety ccri 24 (gossypium hirsutum l.). introduction of r2r3-myb transcription factor rosea1, the master regulator anthocyanin biosynthes ...201324205014
identification and characterization of (e)-β-caryophyllene synthase and α/β-pinene synthase potentially involved in constitutive and herbivore-induced terpene formation in cotton.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants damaged by insects emit a blend of volatiles, including monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which can directly repel herbivores and/or indirectly protect the plant by attracting natural enemies of the herbivores. to understand the molecular basis of terpene biosynthesis and regulation in cotton, two terpene synthase genes, ghtps1 and ghtps2, were heterologously expressed and characterized. recombinant ghtps1 accepted farnesyl pyrophosphate as substrate and prod ...201324184450
construction of microsatellite-based linkage map and mapping of nectarilessness and hairiness genes in gossypium tomentosum.gossypium tomentosum, a wild tetraploid cotton species with ad genomes, possesses genes conferring strong fibers and high heat tolerance. to effectively transfer these genes into gossypium hirsutum, an entire microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, ssr)-based genetic map was constructed using the interspecific cross of g. hirsutum x g. tomentosum (ht). we detected 1800 loci from 1347 pairs of polymorphic primers. of these, 1204 loci were grouped into 35 linkage groups at lod ≥ 4. the map covers ...201324371166
nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from variable and constant intensity rainfall simulations on loamy sand under conventional and strip tillage systems.further studies on the quality of runoff from tillage and cropping systems in the southeastern usa are needed to refine current risk assessment tools for nutrient contamination. our objective was to quantify and compare effects of constant (ic) and variable (iv) rainfall intensity patterns on inorganic nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) losses from a tifton loamy sand (plinthic kandiudult) cropped to cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and managed under conventional (ct) or strip-till (st) systems. we s ...201317485716
carbon dioxide efflux from soil with poultry litter applications in conventional and conservation tillage systems in northern alabama.increased co2 release from soils resulting from agricultural practices such as tillage has generated concerns about contributions to global warming. maintaining current levels of soil c and/or sequestering additional c in soils are important mechanisms to reduce co2 in the atmosphere through production agriculture. we conducted a study in northern alabama from 2003 to 2006 to measure co2 efflux and c storage in long-term tilled and non-tilled cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plots receiving poultr ...201318396538
identification of exotic genetic components and dna methylation pattern analysis of three cotton introgression lines from gossypium bickii.the impact of alien dna fragments on plant genome has been studied in many species. however, little is known about the introgression lines of gossypium. to study the consequences of introgression in gossypium, we investigated 2000 genomic and 800 epigenetic sites in three typical cotton introgression lines, as well as their cultivar (gossypium hirsutum) and wild parents (gossypium bickii), by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (msap). t ...201321630566
cysteine protease enhances plant-mediated bollworm rna interference.oral ingestion of plant-expressed double stranded rna (dsrna) triggers target gene suppression in insect. an important step of this process is the transmission of dsrna from plant to midgut cells. insect peritrophic matrix (pm) presents a barrier that prevents large molecules from entering midgut cells. here, we show that uptake of plant cysteine proteases, such as ghcp1 from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and atcp2 from arabidopsis, by cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera) larvae resulted in atte ...201323460027
preference of a polyphagous mirid bug, apolygus lucorum (meyer-dür) for flowering host plants.apolygus lucorum (meyer-dür) (hemiptera: miridae) is one of the most important herbivores in a broad range of cultivated plants, including cotton, cereals, vegetables, and fruit crops in china. in this manuscript, we report on a 6-year long study in which (adult) a. lucorum abundance was recorded on 174 plant species from 39 families from early july to mid-september. through the study period per year, the proportion of flowering plants exploited by adult a. lucorum was significantly greater than ...201323874835
synthesis of resveratrol glycosides by cultured plant cells.incubation of cultured cells of glycine max with trans-resveratrol gave its 3-o-beta-d- and 4'-o-beta-d-glucosides. cultured gossypium hirsutum cells glycosylated trans-resveratrol to its 3-o-beta-d-, 4'-o-beta-d-, and 3,4'-o-beta-d-diglucosides. on the other hand, trans-resveratrol was converted into cis-resveratrol 4'-o-beta-d-glucoside, together with trans-resveratrol 3-o-beta-d-glucoside and trans-resveratrol 4'-o-beta-d-glucoside, by eucalyptus perriniana.201323980421
mapping quantitative trait loci for lint yield and fiber quality across environments in a gossypium hirsutum × gossypium barbadense backcross inbred line population.identification of stable quantitative trait loci (qtls) across different environments and mapping populations is a prerequisite for marker-assisted selection (mas) for cotton yield and fiber quality. to construct a genetic linkage map and to identify qtls for fiber quality and yield traits, a backcross inbred line (bil) population of 146 lines was developed from a cross between upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and egyptian cotton (gossypium barbadense) through two generations of backcrossing u ...201323064252
interspecific chromosomal effects on agronomic traits in gossypium hirsutum by ad analysis using intermated g. barbadense chromosome substitution lines.the untapped potential of the beneficial alleles from gossypium barbadense l. has not been well utilized in g. hirsutum l. (often referred to as upland cotton) breeding programs. this is primarily due to genomic incompatibility and technical challenges associated with conventional methods of interspecific introgression. in this study, we used a hypoaneuploid-based chromosome substitution line as a means for systematically introgressing g. barbadense doubled-haploid line '3-79' germplasm into a c ...201322945267
modulation of reproductive behaviors by non-host volatiles in the polyphagous egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis.in order to locate mates, food, and oviposition sites, insects mainly rely on volatile cues released by their sexual partners, food sources, and host and non-host plants. calling, mating, and oviposition behaviors, as well as fecundity and longevity, of newly emerged spodoptera littoralis (bois.) moths were recorded in the presence of volatiles from leaves of a host plant, gossypium hirsutum (cotton) and two non-host plants, adhatoda vasica (av) or picea abies (spruce), either alone or in host/n ...201324105603
functional analysis of the seed coat-specific gene gbmyb2 from cotton.myb transcription factors are essential for cotton fiber development. we isolated the r2r3-myb gene gbmyb2 from gossypium barbadense. rna in situ hybridization analysis showed that gbmyb2 is mainly expressed in the outer integuments of cotton ovules and in elongating fibers. gbmyb2 expression increased throughout fiber initiation and during the elongation stage. the expression level of gbmyb2 was higher in the gossypium hirsutum cultivar xu142 than in the xu142 (fl) mutant. overexpression of gbm ...201324036393
specific response to herbivore-induced de novo synthesized plant volatiles provides reliable information for host plant selection in a moth.animals depend on reliable sensory information for accurate behavioural decisions. for herbivorous insects it is crucial to find host plants for feeding and reproduction, and these insects must be able to differentiate suitable from unsuitable plants. volatiles are important cues for insect herbivores to assess host plant quality. it has previously been shown that female moths of the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae), avoid oviposition on damaged cotton gos ...201323737555
a genetic and metabolic analysis revealed that cotton fiber cell development was retarded by flavonoid naringenin.the cotton (gossypium spp.) fiber is a unique elongated cell that is useful for investigating cell differentiation. previous studies have demonstrated the importance of factors such as sugar metabolism, the cytoskeleton, and hormones, which are commonly known to be involved in plant cell development, while the secondary metabolites have been less regarded. by mining public data and comparing analyses of fiber from two cotton species (gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense), we found that th ...201323535943
an integrative analysis of four cesa isoforms specific for fiber cellulose production between gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense.cotton fiber is an excellent model system of cellulose biosynthesis; however, it has not been widely studied due to the lack of information about the cellulose synthase (cesa) family of genes in cotton. in this study, we initially identified six full-length cesa genes designated as ghcesa5-ghcesa10. phylogenetic analysis and gene co-expression profiling revealed that cesa1, cesa2, cesa7, and cesa8 were the major isoforms for secondary cell wall biosynthesis, whereas cesa3, cesa5, cesa6, cesa9, a ...201323508664
cotton fiber cell walls of gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense have differences related to loosely-bound xyloglucan.cotton fiber is an important natural textile fiber due to its exceptional length and thickness. these properties arise largely through primary and secondary cell wall synthesis. the cotton fiber of commerce is a cellulosic secondary wall surrounded by a thin cuticulated primary wall, but there were only sparse details available about the polysaccharides in the fiber cell wall of any cotton species. in addition, gossypium hirsutum (gh) fiber was known to have an adhesive cotton fiber middle lamel ...201323457548
insights into the evolution of cotton diploids and polyploids from whole-genome re-sequencing.understanding the composition, evolution, and function of the gossypium hirsutum (cotton) genome is complicated by the joint presence of two genomes in its nucleus (at and dt genomes). these two genomes were derived from progenitor a-genome and d-genome diploids involved in ancestral allopolyploidization. to better understand the allopolyploid genome, we re-sequenced the genomes of extant diploid relatives that contain the a1 (gossypium herbaceum), a2 (gossypium arboreum), or d5 (gossypium raimo ...201323979935
fly ash as a liming material for cotton.a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of fly ash from a coal combustion electric power facility on soil acidity in a cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) field. fresh fly ash was applied to a bosket fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic mollic hapludalf) soil with an initial soil ph(salt) of 4.8. the fly ash was equivalent to 42 g kg(-1) calcium carbonate with 97% passing through a 60 mesh (u.s. standard) sieve. fly ash was applied one day before cotton planting in 1999 at 0, ...201314964389
narrow-waveband reflectance ratios for remote estimation of nitrogen status in cotton.tailoring nitrogen (n) fertilizer applications to cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in response to leaf n status may optimize n use efficiency and reduce off-site effects of excessive fertilizer use. this study compared leaf and canopy reflectance within the 350 to 950 nm range in order to identify reflectance ratios sensitive to leaf chlorophyll (chl), and hence n status, in cotton. plants were grown outdoors in large pots using half-strength hoagland's (control) solution until some three-row plot ...201312371160
in vitro culture of callus tissues and cell suspensions from okra (hibiscus esculentus l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). 20134842933
fate and toxicity of endosulfan in namoi river water and bottom sediment.endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10,-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide) sorption (standardized to 1% total organic carbon and dry weight) was significantly (p < 0.05) more concentrated on the large (>63 microm) particle fraction compared with smaller size fractions (<5 microm and 5-24 microm) of bottom sediments from the namoi river, australia. following completion of the particle size fractionation (6 to 12 wk) and a sediment toxicity assessment (2 wk), the s ...201311401264
endosulfan transport: i. integrative assessment of airborne and waterborne pathways.to reduce endosulfan (c9h6o3cl6s; 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5, 5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide) contamination in rivers and waterways, it is important to know the relative significances of airborne transport pathways (including spray drift, vapor transport, and dust transport) and waterborne transport pathways (including overland and stream runoff). this work uses an integrated modeling approach to assess the absolute and relative contributions of these pathways ...201311401261
simulating endosulfan transport in runoff from cotton fields in australia with the gleams model.endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide), a pesticide that is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, is widely used in the cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) industry in australia and is a risk to the downstream riverine environment. we used the gleams model to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of management scenarios aimed at minimizing endosulfan transport in runoff at the field scale. the field management scenarios simulated were (i) ...201311401260
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