Publications

mycobacterium marinum biofilm formation reveals cording morphology.	abstract the emergence of the nontuberculosis mycobacteria (ntm) as clinically relevant pathogens has warranted the study of these ubiquitous organisms in the context of their likely environmental niche, the biofilm. we assayed the ntm bacterium mycobacterium marinum strain 1218r, a fish outbreak isolate, for biofilm formation on different surfaces over time using three different methods. using the mbec system, biofilm development occurred continually over the 14-day culture period reaching a ma ...	2006	16553830
in vivo and in vitro growth of mycobacterium marinum at homoeothermic temperatures.	mycobacterium marinum can cause systemic infection in fishes and skin infection in humans. most strains grow better at <37 degrees c, which can explain the rarity of infections in humans. the ability of strains from humans and fish to grow in various conditions, and in macrophages from carp, humans, and mouse was evaluated, as was the ability of the three fish isolates to infect mice. significant differences of growth in vitro and in vivo were observed. all fish strains caused both footpad and d ...	2006	16553834
mycobacterium marinum arthritis mimicking rheumatoid arthritis.	mycobacterium marinum is an atypical mycobacterium found in salt and fresh water. m. marinum infection occurs following skin trauma in fresh or salt water and usually presents as a localized granuloma or sporotrichotic lymphangitis. it rarely affects the musculoskeletal system. we describe a patient who presented with subcutaneous nodules and an inflammatory arthritis that was thought to be rheumatoid arthritis, and was treated as such with corticosteroids, methotrexate, and anti-tumor necrosis ...	2006	16583484
[erythematous nodule on the back of the hand].		2006	16595120
[diagnostic image (267). a man with a painful ulcer on the finger].	a 28-year-old man presented with severe ulceration on the right middle finger and erythematous nodules on the forearm due to infection with mycobacterium marinum after cleaning an aquarium.	2006	16613250
marked swelling with coalescing ecchymoses of the lower mandible in a xenopus laevis frog.		2006	16645611
disseminated sporotrichosis mimicking sarcoidosis.	a 40-year-old caucasian man presented to the dermatology clinic at baylor college of medicine, houston, texas, in february 2003, for the evaluation of three nonhealing ulcers. the patient's past medical history was significant for hypothyroidism and pulmonary sarcoidosis, the diagnosis of which was made in june 2000. in march 2000, the patient had complained of cough and shortness of breath. a purified protein derivative (ppd) (mantoux text) was negative. computed tomography (ct) scans of the ch ...	2006	16650176
mycobacterium marinum erp is a virulence determinant required for cell wall integrity and intracellular survival.	the mycobacterium tuberculosis exported repetitive protein (erp) is a virulence determinant required for growth in cultured macrophages and in vivo. to better understand the role of erp in mycobacterium pathogenesis, we generated a mutation in the erp homologue of mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of m. tuberculosis. erp-deficient m. marinum was growth attenuated in cultured macrophage monolayers and during chronic granulomatous infection of leopard frogs, suggesting that erp funct ...	2006	16714540
[verrucas on the back of the hand].		2006	16733458
serum igm levels against select marine bacteria in the atlantic sharpnose shark (rhizoprionodon terraenovae) from three estuaries.	the atlantic sharpnose shark (rhizoprionodon terraenovae) is abundant and easily captured throughout the southeastern united states. therefore this species serves as an ideal model for generating basic immunological reagents to establish baseline information regarding the immunophysiology of sharks in the wild, and for attempting to correlate shark immune responses to potential pathogens with the quality of the habitat in which they reside. sharpnose shark serum igm was purified over a protein-a ...	2006	16750427
trigger thumb in a fish-owner.		2006	16816269
mycobacteriosis in mangrove killifish (rivulus magdalenae) caused by living fish food (tubifex tubifex) infected with mycobacterium marinum.	mycobacterium marinum was demonstrated in the mud tube worm tubifex tubifex. these worms served as live fish food for aquarium fishes. the ingestion of tubifex tubifex by the mangrove killifish rivulus magdalenae, a neotropical species in the order cyprinodontiformes, was the source of an atypical mycobacteriosis of these fishes.	2006	16856609
case report of non-healing wounds presenting to a dgh, south east london.	mycobacterium marinum infections (fish tank granuloma) are infrequently encountered and when they do arise, they can pose a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. they can present as non-healing wounds along with several other presentations that may not be typical, as patients can have other comorbidities that cause immunosuppression and invasive symptoms of the disease. treatment regimens vary in length, and are based on the patient's response to treatment couple with resolution of symptoms. rifa ...	2006	16858084
distribution of mycobacteria in clinically healthy ornamental fish and their aquarium environment.	some mycobacterial species (particularly mycobacterium marinum) found in aquarium environments may cause chronic diseases in fish and cutaneous infections in humans, the so-called 'fish tank granuloma'. the presence and distribution of mycobacterial species in clinically healthy aquarium fish and their environment has not been adequately explored. the present study analysed the occurrence of mycobacteria in a decorative aquarium (brno, south moravia) and in five aquaria of a professional fish br ...	2006	16866922
lichenoid and granulomatous dermatitis associated with atypical mycobacterium infections.	lichenoid and granulomatous dermatitis defines a distinctive pattern of cutaneous inflammation that may be part of the morphologic spectrum of idiopathic lichenoid reactions such as lichen planus and as well may be seen with lichenoid drug reactions, endogenous t-cell dyscrasias and as a feature of certain systemic diseases especially crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.	2006	16872476
[persistent erythematous nodule on the back of the hand].		2005	15685440
actin-based motility of intracellular pathogens.	the actin cytoskeleton is harnessed by several pathogenic bacteria that are capable of entering into non-phagocytic cells, the so-called 'invasive bacteria'. among them, a few also exploit the host actin cytoskeleton to move intra- and inter-cellularly. our knowledge of the basic mechanisms underlying actin-based motility has dramatically increased and the list of bacteria that are able to move in this way is also increasing including not only listeria, shigella and rickettsia species but also m ...	2005	15694855
mycobacterium marinum infections in fish and humans in israel.	israeli mycobacterium marinum isolates from humans and fish were compared by direct sequencing of the 16s rrna and hsp65 genes, restriction mapping, and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. significant molecular differences separated all clinical isolates from the piscine isolates, ruling out the local aquaculture industry as the source of human infections.	2005	15695698
genotyping mycobacterium ulcerans and mycobacterium marinum by using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units.	a novel category of variable tandem repeats (vntr) called mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (mirus) has been identified for mycobacterium ulcerans (n = 39), m. marinum (n = 27), and one related organism. fifteen miru loci were identified in the genome of m. marinum and were used to genotype m. ulcerans, m. marinum, and an m. marinum-like organism that is considered a possible missing link between m. marinum and m. ulcerans. seven miru loci were polymorphic, and locus-specific pcrs for ...	2005	15716434
common evolutionary origin for the unstable virulence plasmid pmum found in geographically diverse strains of mycobacterium ulcerans.	the 174-kb virulence plasmid pmum001 in mycobacterium ulcerans epidemic strain agy99 harbors three very large and homologous genes that encode giant polyketide synthases (pks) responsible for the synthesis of the lipid toxin mycolactone. deeper investigation of m. ulcerans agy99 resulted in identification of two types of spontaneous deletion variants of pmum001 within a population of cells that also contained the intact plasmid. these variants arose from recombination between two 8-kb sections o ...	2005	15716437
mycobacterium marinum infections of the upper extremity.	a significant number of patients infected with mycobacterium marinum have been treated at the curtis national hand center in baltimore, maryland. the purpose of this study was to review the authors' experience with m. marinum infections of the upper extremity. twenty-nine patients were identified and their charts were reviewed for all factors related to diagnosis and treatment. the most common presenting symptoms were swelling (n = 25) and pain (n = 14). only 69 percent of patients could correla ...	2005	15731663
pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium marinum in an immunocompetent patient.		2005	15614719
immunogenic and protective effects of a dna vaccine for mycobacterium marinum in fish.	mycobacteriosis, caused by numerous mycobacterium spp., can be a devastating disease of both wild and cultured fishes. as no efficacious treatment exists, a vaccine against fish mycobacteriosis is essential for prevention and control of this disease. thus, a dna vaccine was constructed using the mycobacterium marinum ag85a gene that encodes one of the major secreted fibronectin-binding proteins of mycobacterium spp., which was isolated and then subcloned into a commercially available eukaryotic ...	2005	15621306
gouty flexor tenosynovitis of the hand mimicking atypical mycobacterial infection.	a 50-year-old japanese fish dealer presented with painful and swollen fingers. infectious flexor tenosynovitis with mycobacterium marinum was suspected. range of motion was restored after tenosynovectomy and after ofloxacin and clarithromycin were administered. two years after the operation, the patient presented again with acute inflammation in the same fingers. histopathological examination revealed gouty tenosynovitis. the preconception that mycobacterial infection occurs often in fish dealer ...	2005	17029107
laboratory maintenance of mycobacterium marinum.	m. marinum naturally infects fish and amphibians and causes diseases in these animals with pathological features similar to the human disease caused by m. tuberculosis. at the genetic and biochemical levels, m. marinum is closely related to m. tuberculosis. because of these and other properties of m. marinum (such as its fast growth rate and convenient laboratory handing on the benchtop), m. marinum has been increasingly used as a model for studying m. tuberculosis pathogenesis. the protocols in ...	2005	18770549
functional analysis and annotation of the virulence plasmid pmum001 from mycobacterium ulcerans.	the presence of a 174 kb plasmid called pmum001 in mycobacterium ulcerans, the first example of a mycobacterial plasmid encoding a virulence determinant, was recently reported. over half of pmum001 is devoted to six genes, three of which encode giant polyketide synthases (pks) that produce mycolactone, an unusual cytotoxic lipid produced by m. ulcerans. in this present study the remaining 75 non-pks-associated protein-coding sequences (cds) are analysed and it is shown that pmum001 is a low-copy ...	2005	15758215
a case of granulomatous skin lesions caused by mycobacterium marinum in the campania region.	the diagnosis of cutaneous mycobacterium marinum infection is frequently presumptive, as detection by conventional methods is difficult. we describe a patient with granulomatous skin lesions on the right dorsal hand and forearm. histological examinations were presumptive for mycobacterium lesions. we identified mycobacterium marinum directly in the patient's lesional skin biopsy combining polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification using mycobacterium genus-specific primers, and subsequent res ...	2005	15782631
simultaneous chronic cutaneous infection with mycobacterium marinum and nocardia asteroides.		2005	15793529
[mycobacterium marinum nodular lymphangitis].		2005	15811287
multilocus variable-number tandem repeat typing of mycobacterium ulcerans.	the apparent genetic homogeneity of mycobacterium ulcerans contributes to the poorly understood epidemiology of m. ulcerans infection. here, we report the identification of variable number tandem repeat (vntr) sequences as novel polymorphic elements in the genome of this species. a total of 19 potential vntr loci identified in the closely related m. marinum genome sequence were screened in a collection of 23 m. ulcerans isolates, one mycobacterium species referred to here as an intermediate spec ...	2005	15814964
transcriptome profiling of adult zebrafish at the late stage of chronic tuberculosis due to mycobacterium marinum infection.	the mycobacterium marinum-zebrafish infection model was used in this study for analysis of a host transcriptome response to mycobacterium infection at the organismal level. rna isolated from adult zebrafish that showed typical signs of fish tuberculosis due to a chronic progressive infection with m. marinum was compared with rna from healthy fish in microarray analyses. spotted oligonucleotide sets (designed by sigma-compugen and mwg) and affymetrix genechips were used, in total comprising 45,46 ...	2005	15829308
clinical patterns of cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.	cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infections result from external inoculation, spread of a deeper infection, or haematogenous spread of a disseminated infection. there are two species-specific infections (fish-tank or swimming-pool granuloma, due to mycobacterium marinum, and buruli ulcer, caused by m. ulcerans). most infections, however, produce a nonspecific clinical picture.	2005	15840105
genomic annotation and expression analysis of the zebrafish rho small gtpase family during development and bacterial infection.	the zebrafish genomic sequence database was analyzed for the presence of genes encoding members of the rho small gtpases. the analysis shows the presence of 32 zebrafish rho genes representing one or more homologs of the human rhoa, rnd3, rhof, rhog, rhoh, rhoj, rhou, rhov, cdc42, rac1, rac2, rac3, rnd1, rhobtb1, rhobtb2, rhobtb3, and rhot1 genes. by expression analysis using reverse transcriptase-pcr we show that at least 20 of the predicted zebrafish small gtpase genes are expressed in the adu ...	2005	15894457
a newly discovered mycobacterial pathogen isolated from laboratory colonies of xenopus species with lethal infections produces a novel form of mycolactone, the mycobacterium ulcerans macrolide toxin.	mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of buruli ulcer, produces a macrolide toxin, mycolactone a/b, which is thought to play a major role in virulence. a disease similar to buruli ulcer recently appeared in united states frog colonies following importation of the west african frog, xenopus tropicalis. the taxonomic position of the frog pathogen has not been fully elucidated, but this organism, tentatively designated mycobacterium liflandii, is closely related to m. ulcerans and mycobacteri ...	2005	15908356
amputation of a mycobacterium marinum-infected hindlimb in an african bullfrog (pyxicephalus adspersus).		2005	15937245
mycobacterium marinum with different responses to second-generation tetracyclines.	persistent cutaneous infections with mycobacterium marinum can follow exposure of injured skin to contaminated water or fish, and can be treated with second-generation tetracyclines in addition to other antimicrobials. due to the rarity of this infection, there are few data comparing the different treatment alternatives.	2005	15941446
[mycobacterium marinum tenosynovitis of the abductors].	infection with mycobacterium marinum is rare and usually produces cutaneous lesions. we report here two cases of tenosynovitis of abductor muscles.	2005	15962499
[nodular dermohypodermatitis of the right arm].		2005	15962505
wound infections caused by vibrio vulnificus and other marine bacteria.	infections caused by vibrio vulnificus were first reported in 1979 by blake et al. of the us centers for disease control. at that time described as a 'rare, unnamed halophilic lactose-fermenting vibrio species', v. vulnificus has emerged as the most virulent foodborne pathogen in the united states with a hospitalization rate of 0.910 and a case-fatality rate of 0.390. it is in addition a significant cause of potentially life-threatening wound infections. infections following ingestion of raw or ...	2005	15962544
a mutation in the 65,000 dalton heat shock protein gene, commonly used for molecular identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, leads to the misidentification of mycobacterium malmoense as mycobacterium marinum.	we describe a case of a mycobacterium isolated from a patient with cervical lymphadenitis which was initially identified by hsp65 rflp as mycobacterium marinum. sequence analysis of the hsp65 dna fragment and the 16s rdna signature sequence, however, led to the identification of mycobacterium malmoense. a point mutation in one of the restriction sites had shifted the m. malmoense typical rflp pattern to the m. marinum specific rflp pattern. as a consequence, care should be taken when identifying ...	2005	16002259
mycobacterium ulcerans toxic macrolide, mycolactone modulates the host immune response and cellular location of m. ulcerans in vitro and in vivo.	mycobacterium ulcerans produces an extracellular cutaneous infection (buruli ulcer) characterized by immunosuppression. this is in stark contrast to all other pathogenic mycobacteria species that cause intracellular, granulomatous infections. the unique mycobacterial pathology of m. ulcerans infection is attributed to a plasmid-encoded immunomodulatory macrolide toxin, mycolactone. in this article we explore the role of mycolactone in the virulence of m. ulcerans using mycolactone and geneticall ...	2005	16098217
management of extremity trauma and related infections occurring in the aquatic environment.	wounds sustained in oceans, lakes, and streams are exposed to a milieu of bacteria rarely encountered in typical land-based injuries. these include vibrio species, aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas and plesiomonas species, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, mycobacterium marinum, and other microbes. failure to recognize and treat these less common pathogens in a timely manner may result in significant morbidity or death. initial antibiotic therapy should address common gram-positive and gram-negative ...	2005	16112981
atypical mycobacterium infections of the upper extremity.	we encountered five patients with atypical mycobacterium infections in the upper extremity, and examined their outcomes.	2005	16133473
case reports: successful treatment of mycobacterium marinum infection with minocycline after complication of disease by delayed diagnosis and systemic steroids.	mycobacterium marinum, an aerobic, non-tuberculous, environmental mycobacterium, is the etiologic agent responsible for "fish tank granuloma." found in aquatic environments, particularly where water is relatively still or stagnant, m. marinum produces infection in fish, as well as humans. infection follows exposure to contaminated water and direct inoculation of the organism via breaks in the skin. the resulting primary lesion is usually a red-to-violaceous plaque or nodule, which can have an ov ...	2005	16167421
conserved structure and function in the granulysin and nk-lysin peptide family.	granulysin and nk-lysin are homologous bactericidal proteins with a moderate residue identity (35%), both of which have antimycobacterial activity. short loop peptides derived from the antimycobacterial domains of granulysin, nk-lysin, and a putative chicken nk-lysin were examined and shown to have comparable antimycobacterial but variable escherichia coli activities. the known structure of the nk-lysin loop peptide was used to predict the structure of the equivalent peptides of granulysin and c ...	2005	16177304
role of the wasp family proteins for mycobacterium marinum actin tail formation.	mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occasional pathogen of humans, is capable of inducing actin tail formation within the cytoplasm of macrophages, leading to actin-based motility and intercellular spread. actin tail formation by m. marinum is markedly reduced in macrophages deficient in the wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (wasp), which still contain the closely related and ubiquitously expressed protein n-wasp (neuronal wasp). in fibroblasts lacking both wasp and ...	2005	16199520
a woman with nodular skin lesions.		2005	16208795
losa, a key glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of a novel family of glycosylated acyltrehalose lipooligosaccharides from mycobacterium marinum.	members of the genus mycobacterium are characterized by cell envelopes rich in unusual free lipids, interacting with a covalently anchored mycolyl-arabinogalactan matrix. previous studies have shown that mycobacterium marinum produces large amounts of a diacylglycosylphenolphthiocerol, "phenolic" glycolipid. when cultivated on liquid sauton medium, traces of a polar lipooligosaccharide (los) glycolipid antigen were also previously indicated. in this study, it was found that growth of the type st ...	2005	16257960
[the etiological study, diagnose and therapy of hand special chronic infections in littoral area].	to explore the etiological factors of hand special chronic infections and their relationship with tuberculosis, and to give evidence for clinical diagnosis as well as treatments.	2005	16271247
a husband and wife with left hand rashes.		2005	16310152
masquerading mycobacterium: plastic surgeon to the rescue.	a patient with a mycobacterium marinum infection of the hand is described. the present case illustrates that m marinum infection may mimic common skin conditions such as eczema, and fungal and parasitic infestations. key elements in the diagnosis and management of this infection are a high index of suspicion, a detailed history of recreational or occupational exposure to exotic fish, tissue biopsy, wound culture and prompt empirical antibiotic therapy. once in vitro organism sensitivities are ob ...	2005	24223001
[skin infection caused by mycobacterium marinum].	mycobacterium (m.) marinum is a human opportunistic pathogen, capable of causing skin infections and possibly also affecting deeper tissues. the authors describe a case of skin infection caused by m. marinum in a female patient with an appropriate case history. they emphasize the need of close cooperation of the clinician with a microbiologist when establishing the diagnosis.	2004	15100981
buruni ulcer disease.		2004	15114764
acquisition of hrs, an essential component of phagosomal maturation, is impaired by mycobacteria.	pathogenic mycobacteria survive within macrophages by precluding the fusion of phagosomes with late endosomes or lysosomes. because the molecular determinants of normal phagolysosome formation are poorly understood, the sites targeted by mycobacteria remain unidentified. we found that hrs, an adaptor molecule involved in protein sorting, associates with phagosomes prior to their fusion with late endosomes or lysosomes. recruitment of hrs required the interaction of its fyve domain with phagosoma ...	2004	15121875
recurrent mycobacterium marinum tenosynovitis of the wrist mimicking extraarticular synovial chondromatosis on mr images.	tenosynovitis caused by atypical mycobacterial infections may produce rice bodies within affected tendon sheaths. we report a case of recurrent m. marinum infection involving the flexor tendons within the carpal tunnel in which the rice bodies were mistaken for synovial chondromatosis on mr images.	2004	15127246
the pathogen mycobacterium marinum, a faster growing close relative of mycobacterium tuberculosis, has a single rrna operon per genome.	although mycobacterium marinum and mycobacterium tuberculosis are very closely related they differ significantly in their growth rates. the type strain of m. marinum and one clinical isolate were investigated and, like m. tuberculosis, were found to have a single rrna (rrn) operon per genome located downstream from mura gene and controlled by two promoters. no sequence differences were found that account for the difference in the growth rates of the two species. we infer that m. tuberculosis has ...	2004	15183875
phenoxazine compounds produced by the reactions with bovine hemoglobin show antimicrobial activity against non-tuberculosis mycobacteria.	we studied the anti-microbial effects of phenoxazines produced by the reaction of o-aminophenol or its derivatives with bovine hemoglobin, on seven species of mycobacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium intracellulare, mycobacterium scrofulaceum, mycobacterium fortuitum, mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium smegmatis and some bacteria such as escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, lis ...	2004	15185971
mycobacterium marinum: mr imaging and clinical course of a rare soft tissue infection.	mycobacterium marinum is a rare cause of soft tissue infections. the imposing mr appearance of the soft tissue involvement is in contrast to the chronic painless clinical manifestation.	2004	15205928
superinfecting mycobacteria home to established tuberculous granulomas.	a central paradox of tuberculosis immunity is that reinfection and bacterial persistence occur despite vigorous host immune responses concentrated in granulomas, which are organized structures that form in response to infection. prevailing models attribute reinfection and persistence to bacterial avoidance of host immunity via establishment of infection outside primary granulomas. alternatively, persistence is attributed to a gradual bacterial adaptation to evolving host immune responses. we sho ...	2004	15220915
new models for the study of mycobacterium-host interactions.	the outcome of mycobacterium infection is determined by a series of complex interactions between the bacteria and host immunity. traditionally, mammalian models and cultured cells have been used to study these interactions. recently, ameba (dictyostelium), fruit flies (drosophila) and zebrafish, amenable to forward genetic screens, have been developed as models for mycobacterial pathogenesis. infection of these hosts with mycobacteria has allowed the dissection of intracellular trafficking pathw ...	2004	15245746
mycobacterium marinum causing tenosynovitis. 'fish tank finger'.	mycobacterium marinum is an unusual atypical mycobacterium with low pathogenicity for humans in comparison with mycobacterium tuberculosis. among the non-tuberculous mycobacterial pathogens, mycobacterium marinum is the most common pathogen to cause skin infections. mycobacterium marinum infection causes chronic cutaneous lesions and in some cases deeper infections such as tenosynovitis, septic arthritis and rarely osteomyelitis. we report the case of a male patient presenting with tenosynovitis ...	2004	15287410
characterization of a trinucleotide repeat sequence (cgg)5 and potential use in restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis.	the genomes of 28 bacterial strains, including mycobacterial species mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis, were analyzed for the presence of a special class of microsatellite, that of trinucleotide repeat sequences (trs). results of a search of all 10 possible trs motifs (i.e., cct, cgg, ctg, gaa, gat, gta, gtc, gtg, gtt, and tat) with five or more repeating units showed that (cgg)(5) was highly represented within the genomic dna of m. tuberculosis and m. bovis. most of the (cgg)(5 ...	2004	15297495
images in clinical medicine. tenosynovitis due to mycobacterium marinum.		2004	15329429
a mycobacterial virulence gene cluster extending rd1 is required for cytolysis, bacterial spreading and esat-6 secretion.	initiation and maintenance of infection by mycobacteria in susceptible hosts are not well understood. a screen of mycobacterium marinum transposon mutant library led to isolation of eight mutants that failed to cause haemolysis, all of which had transposon insertions in genes homologous to a region between rv3866 and rv3881c in mycobacterium tuberculosis, which encompasses rd1 (rv3871-rv3879c), a known virulence gene cluster. the m. marinum mutants showed decreased virulence in vivo and failed t ...	2004	15341647
[detection and identification of mycobacteria with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) from patients with mycobacterial skin infections].	to establish a rapid approach to the detection and identification of mycobacteria from lesions of patients with suspected mycobacterial infections.	2004	15489922
mycobacterium marinum strains can be divided into two distinct types based on genetic diversity and virulence.	mycobacterium marinum causes a systemic tuberculosis-like disease in a large number of poikilothermic animals and is used as a model for mycobacterial pathogenesis. in the present study, we infected zebra fish (danio rerio) with different strains of m. marinum to determine the variation in pathogenicity. depending on the m. marinum isolate, the fish developed an acute or chronic disease. acute disease was characterized by uncontrolled growth of the pathogen and death of all animals within 16 day ...	2004	15501758
in vitro response of the striped bass natural resistance-associated macrophage protein, nramp, to lps and mycobacterium marinum exposure.	mycobacteriosis in chesapeake bay (usa) striped bass morone saxatilis is an ongoing disease problem with important economic implications for a large commercial and recreational fishery. additionally, striped bass serve as a reservoir of potential mycobacterial zoonoses. recently, we described a striped bass gene homolog of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein family (msnramp), which is responsible for resistance to mycobacterial infections in mice. striped bass msnramp is strongl ...	2004	15533797
myths and misconceptions: not all that glitters under the watch is gold (nickel) dermatitis.		2004	15538087
identification of two mycobacterium marinum loci that affect interactions with macrophages.	mycobacterium marinum is closely related to mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of tuberculosis in humans. m. marinum has become an important model system for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in causing tuberculosis in humans. through molecular genetic analysis of the differences between pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria, we identified two loci that affect the ability of m. marinum to infect macrophages, designated mel(1) and mel(2). in silico analyses of the 11 putative ...	2004	15557611
mycobacterium marinum: the generalization and specialization of a pathogenic mycobacterium.	mycobacterium marinum is being used increasingly as a model for understanding pathogenic mycobacteria. however, recently discovered differences between m. marinum and m. tuberculosis suggest that adaptation to specialized niches is reflected in unique strategies of pathogenesis. this review emphasizes the areas in which studying m. marinum has made contributions to the understanding of tuberculosis, as well as the potential for using characteristics unique to m. marinum for understanding general ...	2004	15596129
[cutaneous infection with mycobacterium marinum. successful therapy with rifampicin and clarithromycin].	we report on two male patients with cutaneous mycobacterium marinum infection. after the diagnosis was established by culture, therapy with rifampicin and clarithromycin over a period of three months led to remarkable improvement.	2004	14749869
macro-array and bioinformatic analyses reveal mycobacterial 'core' genes, variation in the esat-6 gene family and new phylogenetic markers for the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.	to better understand the biology and the virulence determinants of the two major mycobacterial human pathogens mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, their genome sequences have been determined recently. in silico comparisons revealed that among the 1439 genes common to both m. tuberculosis and m. leprae, 219 genes code for proteins that show no similarity with proteins from other organisms. therefore, the latter 'core' genes could be specific for mycobacteria or even for the intra ...	2004	14766927
pimf, a mannosyltransferase of mycobacteria, is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol mannosides and lipoarabinomannan.	phosphatidylinositol mannosides (pims) and their related molecules lipomannan (lm) and lipoarabinomannan (lam) are important components of the mycobacterial cell wall. these molecules mediate host-pathogen interactions and exhibit immunomodulatory activities. the biosynthesis of these lipoglycans is not fully understood. in this study, we have identified a mycobacterial gene (rv1500) that is involved in the synthesis of pims. we have named this gene pimf. transposon mutagenesis of pimf of mycoba ...	2004	14960574
mycobacterium-inducible nramp in striped bass (morone saxatilis).	in mammals, the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 gene, nramp1, plays a major role in resistance to mycobacterial infections. chesapeake bay striped bass (morone saxatilis) is currently experiencing an epizootic of mycobacteriosis that threatens the health of this ecologically and economically important species. in the present study, we characterized an nramp gene in this species and obtained evidence that there is induction following mycobacterium exposure. the striped bass nra ...	2004	14977970
images in clinical medicine. mycobacterium marinum.		2004	14985501
identification of mycobacterium marinum virulence genes using signature-tagged mutagenesis and the goldfish model of mycobacterial pathogenesis.	mycobacterium marinum, a causative agent of fish tuberculosis, is one of the most closely related mycobacterium species (outside the m. tuberculosis complex) to m. tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis. signature-tagged mutagenesis was used to identify genes of m. marinum required for in vivo survival in a goldfish model of mycobacterial pathogenesis. screening the first 1008 m. marinum mutants led to the identification of 40 putative virulence mutants. dna sequence analysis of ...	2004	15019737
[sporotrichoid atypical mycobacterial infections. antibiotic monotherapy].	sporotrichoid forms of atypical mycobacterial infections usually do not show a tendency to spontaneous healing. the therapy of choice in such cases is systemic antibiotics. we report three cases of sporotrichoid atypical mycobacterial infections of the skin which healed completely under long-term monotherapy with modern antibiotics (levofloxacin, clarithromycin, minocycline). we recommend confirming the diagnosis by means of culture, followed by monotherapy with low side-effect antibiotics, base ...	2004	15029437
piscine mycobacteriosis: a literature review covering the agent and the disease it causes in fish and humans.	mycobacterium marinum, m. fortuitum and m. chelonae are the etiological agents of fish mycobacteriosis. fish mycobacteriosis is a disseminated infection reported in more than 150 fish species and is usually accompanied by emaciation and death over a period of months to years. granulomas are formed both externally and scattered throughout the internal organs. treatment is in most cases unsatisfactory and the overall recommendation is to destroy the diseased stock, particularly since these pathoge ...	2004	15066718
ultrastructure of mycobacterium marinum granuloma in striped bass morone saxatilis.	an emerging epizootic of mycobacteriosis currently threatens striped bass morone saxatilis populations in chesapeake bay, usa. several species of mycobacteria, including mycobacterium marinum, species resembling m. avium, m. gordonae, m. peregrinum, m. scrofulaceum and m. terrae, and the new species m. shottsii have been isolated from diseased and healthy bass. in this study, we describe the ultrastructure of developing m. marinum granulomas in experimentally infected bass over a period of 45 wk ...	2004	15648839
expression analysis of the toll-like receptor and tir domain adaptor families of zebrafish.	the zebrafish genomic sequence database was analysed for the presence of genes encoding members of the toll-like receptors (tlr) and interleukin receptors (il-r) and associated adaptor proteins containing a tir domain. the resulting predictions show the presence of one or more counterparts for the human tlr1, tlr2, tlr3, tlr4, tlr5, tlr7, tlr8, tlr9, il-1r and il-18r genes and one copy of the adaptor genes myd88, mal, trif and sarm. in contrast to data for the pufferfish fugu rubripes, zebrafish ...	2004	14687934
mycobacterium marinum infection.	a 49-year-old man presented with nodules on his right hand after a history of mycobacterium marinum infection recently treated with rifampin and clarithromycin. the patient has an aquarium with betta fish (siamese fighting fish).	2004	15748591
[rheumatoid nodules: to be or not to be - case report.]	a 49-year old man suffered a superficial injury on the dorsum of the right hand. subsequently, a wound developed which healed slowly despite several courses of oral antibiotics. gradually, nodular lesions developed on the hand. a biopsy of the nodules showed granulomatous inflammation which was considered to be consistent with rheumatoid nodules. local injections with corticosteroids were administered with only temporary relief. eigtheen months after the original injury a biopsy was performed an ...	2004	16819055
invasive mycobacterium marinum infections.		2003	14725262
atypical presentation of mycobacteriosis in a collection of frogfish (antennarius striatus).	severe systemic mycobacteriosis without typical granuloma formation was diagnosed in a group of six mature, captive, striated frogfish antennarius striatus approximately 5 mo after fish originating from brazil were purchased by mote marine laboratory aquarium. beginning 1 mo after spawning, over a period of 9 mo, individuals began to show a variety of signs including egg retention, ocular opacity, poor buoyancy control, ascites with coelomic distension, skin lesions, and anorexia. two fish died, ...	2003	15077718
interleukin-8 is differentially expressed by human-derived monocytic cell line u937 infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv and mycobacterium marinum.	although mycobacterium marinum is closely related to mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv genomically, the clinical outcome in humans is quite different for m. marinum and m. tuberculosis infections. we investigated possible factors in the host macrophages for determining differential pathological responses to m. tuberculosis and m. marinum using an in vitro model of mycobacterial infection. using suppression-subtractive hybridization, we identified 12 differentially expressed genes in the human mon ...	2003	14500465
the secret lives of the pathogenic mycobacteria.	pathogenic mycobacteria, including the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. a hallmark of these pathogens is their tendency to establish chronic infections that produce similar pathologies in a variety of hosts. during infection, mycobacteria reside in macrophages and induce the formation of granulomas, organized immune complexes of differentiated macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cells. this review summarizes our und ...	2003	14527294
emerging pathologies in aquaculture: effects on production and food safety.	infectious diseases represent a limiting factor for the further development of italian aquaculture. the recent introduction and spreading of new pathogens, along with the global climatic change, has contributed to a considerable decrease in trout production. emerging pathologies in rainbow trout culture include viral diseases, e.g. infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn), bacterial diseases, such as lactococcosis and visceral flavobacteriosis, and parasitical diseases, e.g. proliferative kidney ...	2003	14535454
mycobacterium marinum: a case of skin granuloma complicated by tenosynovitis of the extensors.	the authors report the case of a male patient who owned a tropical aquarium and who developed a m. marinum skin infection of the wrist. the clinical findings and microbiological features of the case are described, as are the difficulty in providing a prompt diagnosis, and the need for surgical treatment and the use of antibiotics to treat the infection.	2003	14584321
mycobacterium marinum escapes from phagosomes and is propelled by actin-based motility.	mycobacteria are responsible for a number of human and animal diseases and are classical intracellular pathogens, living inside macrophages rather than as free-living organisms during infection. numerous intracellular pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, and rickettsia rickettsii, exploit the host cytoskeleton by using actin-based motility for cell to cell spread during infection. here we show that mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occa ...	2003	14597736
interferon-gamma and skin test responses of schoolchildren in southeast england to purified protein derivatives from mycobacterium tuberculosis and other species of mycobacteria.	the immune responses of schoolchildren in southeast england to mycobacterium tuberculosis and other species of mycobacteria were studied prior to vaccination with bacille calmette-guérin (bcg). data are presented for tuberculin (heaf) skin test and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) responses to m. tuberculosis purified protein derivative (ppd), and ifn-gamma responses to ppds from eight other environmental mycobacteria, measured in 424 schoolchildren (13-15 years of age). responses to m. tuberculosis ...	2003	14616789
subtractive hybridization reveals a type i polyketide synthase locus specific to mycobacterium ulcerans.	mycobacterium ulcerans causes buruli ulcer, the third most prevalent mycobacterial infection of immunocompetent humans after tuberculosis and leprosy. recent work has shown that the production by m. ulcerans of mycolactone, a novel polyketide, may partly explain the pathogenesis of buruli ulcer. to search for the genetic basis of virulence in m. ulcerans, we took advantage of the close genetic relationship between m. ulcerans and mycobacterium marinum by performing genomic suppressive subtractiv ...	2003	14617651
lactococcus garvieae in wild red sea wrasse coris aygula (labridae).	lactococcus garvieae infection in wild wrasse coris aygula is reported, and the serological and molecular characteristics of the isolate are described. this is the first evidence of the presence of this pathogen in the red sea, and it follows the recent diagnosis of mycobacterium marinum and streptococcus iniae in wild fish from the same region. whether all 3 pathogens are strains endemic to the red sea, or recent introductions into the region, remains to be determined, but their appearance over ...	2003	14667040
transposon mutagenesis of mycobacterium marinum identifies a locus linking pigmentation and intracellular survival.	pathogenic mycobacteria survive and replicate within host macrophages, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this necessary step in the pathogenesis of infection are not completely understood. mycobacterium marinum has recently been used as a model for aspects of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis because of its close genetic relationship to mycobacterium tuberculosis and because of similarities in the pathology and course of infection caused by this organism in its natural hosts, fish and frog ...	2003	12540574
transposition of tn5367 in mycobacterium marinum, using a conditionally recombinant mycobacteriophage.	mycobacterium marinum is a close relative of the obligate human pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis. as with m. tuberculosis, m. marinum causes intracellular infection of poikilothermic vertebrates and skin infection in humans. it is considered a valid model organism for the study of intracellular pathogenesis of mycobacteria. low transformation efficiencies for this species have precluded approaches using mutant libraries in pathogenesis studies. we have adapted the conditionally replicating my ...	2003	12591896
[treatment resistant nodules in the arm of an officer].		2003	12607475
ill from eel?		2003	12614734
mycobacterium marinum osteomyelitis.		2003	12650330
mycobacterium marinum infection simulating interstitial granuloma annulare: a report of two cases.	we report two cases of mycobacterium marinum infection that histologically simulated interstitial granuloma annulare (ga). in one case, an infectious etiology was not suspected in histologic sections, but a tissue culture performed during the patient's clinic visit identified m. marinum, and a subsequent fite stain revealed mycobacteria. interstitial granulomatous dermatitis is a rare presentation for cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacteria and has yet to be attributed specifically to m. marinum. ...	2003	12652197
in vitro activity of linezolid against slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria.	mics of linezolid in broth microdilutions were tested against 341 slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) belonging to 15 species. the proposed linezolid susceptibility mics for all mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium szulgai, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium malmoense, and mycobacterium xenopi isolates and for 90% of mycobacterium gordonae and mycobacterium triplex isolates were </=8 micro g/ml. linezolid has excellent therapeutic potential against most species of ntm.	2003	12709349
mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing species isolated from chesapeake bay striped bass (morone saxatilis).	slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria were isolated from striped bass (morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the chesapeake bay. growth characteristics, acid-fastness and results of 16s rrna gene sequencing were consistent with those of the genus mycobacterium. a unique profile of biochemical reactions was observed among the 21 isolates. a single cluster of eight peaks identified by analysis of mycolic acids (hplc) resembled those of reference patterns but differed in ...	2003	12710607