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immune responsiveness of sm/j mice. cellular characteristics and genetic analysis of hyperresponsiveness to b cell mitogens.we tested the proliferative responses of splenocytes from a panel of inbred mouse strains to avis, a b cell mitogen from actinomyces viscosus bacteria. the sm/j strain was found to exhibit severalfold higher responsiveness than any of the other strains. sm/j splenocytes were also hyperresponsive to the b cell mitogens lipopolysaccharide, dextran sulfate, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin, but responsiveness to the t cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin was normal. (b6 x sm)f1 and f1 x b6 ...19816974217
effect of human saliva on glucose uptake by streptococcus mutans and other oral microorganisms.we examined the effects of human whole salivary supernatant and parotid fluid on glucose uptake by streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitis, actinomyces viscosus, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli. the following three effects of saliva were observed: (i) inhibition of glucose uptake (s. mutans, s. sanguis), (ii) promotion of a transient, rapid (0 to 30 s) burst of glucose uptake (s. mutans, s. sanguis), and (iii) enhancement of glucose uptake (s. mitis, a. visco ...19817012014
degradation of type i collagen fibrils synthesized by human dental pulp cells in explant exposed to actinomyces viscosus. electron microscope immunotyping. 19817030774
cells involved in the mitogen-induced helper function which facilitates the blastogenic response to actinomyces viscosus. 19816972845
potential salicylamide antiplaque agents: in vitro antibacterial activity against actinomyces viscosus.a series of 55 salicylamides, including 3,5-dibromo-, 5-n-alkyl-, and 5-n-acylsalicyloyl derivatives of various anilines, heterocyclic amines, benzylamines, and alkylamines, was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against actinomyces viscosus, an adherent oral microorganism implicated in periodontal disease. the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of 15 4'-bromosalicylanilides were found to correlate (r = 0.92) with estimated log d values. several nonhalogenated ...19817328586
in vitro stimulation of immunoglobulin production from human peripheral blood lymphocytes by a soluble preparation of actinomyces viscosus.in this paper, we report the ability of a soluble, ultrasonicate preparation of actinomyces viscosus to stimulate in vitro immunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. immunoglobulin a (iga), igg, and igm concentrations were determined with a highly sensitive and specific micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-elisa). a viscosus-induced immunoglobulin production was t lymphocyte dependent and was inhibited by monocytes. the immunoglobulin response was optimal when a. ...19816971261
immune response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and oral actinomyces viscosus antigens in macaca arctoides.the humoral and cell-mediated immune response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and antigens from a monkey oral strain of actinomyces viscosus were investigated in macaca arctoides. prior to immunization no responses were detected. immunization resulted in the production of antibodies to both antigen preparations, the development of a positive skin test and significant stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes using the in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis technique. furthermore, these responses were ...19816939831
the effect of cyclosporin a on periodontal disease in rats monoassociated with actinomyces viscosus ny 1. 19816453970
development of immunological sensitization and alveolar bone loss in gnotobiotic rats infected with actinomyces viscosus ny 1. 19816453978
effects of fluoride, lithium and strontium on extracellular polysaccharide production by streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viscosus. 19816455453
the absence of binding sites for antigens of actinomyces viscosus on rat fibroblasts. 19816165814
detection and localization of a lectin on actinomyces viscosus t14v by monoclonal antibodies.a cell-associated lectin activity that mediates lactose-inhibitable adherence of actinomyces viscosus t14v has been localized to a specific population of fimbriae by the use of monoclonal antibodies. nine monoclonal antibodies were produced that reacted with only 1 of 2 immunoelectrophoretically distinct fimbrial components on t14v. the fibrillar morphology of this component was revealed by the immunoelectronmicroscopic examination of bacteria incubated with the monoclonal antibodies. the lectin ...19816115881
infections caused by actinomyces viscosus.two cases of actinomyces viscosus infection of the lungs were seen in nonimmunosuppressed patients. one patient had a peripheral actinomycotic lung mass resembling a tumor. both patients responded to a long course of penicillin therapy. reports of a. viscosus infections are rare, although the organism colonizes the mouths of most adult humans. only ten cases have previously been described. there is no characteristic of a. viscosus infection that can distinguish it from actinomyces israelii or ac ...19817457420
common antigens of streptococcal and non-streptococcal oral bacteria: immunochemical studies of extracellular and cell-wall-associated antigens from streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus salivarius, and actinomyces viscosus.soluble extracellular antigens (esa) were prepared from the culture supernatant of exponential growing cells of streptococcus sanguis omz 9 by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on a bio-gel p6 column. soluble cell wall antigens (wea) were obtained from the bacterial pellet by extraction with 1 m phosphate buffer (ph 6). antisera against whole cells of s. sanguis and s. mutans of different serotypes, 10% trichloroacetic extracts of bacterial cell walls, dextran, e ...19816783541
regulation of extracellular slime production by actinomyces viscosus.extracellular slime polysaccharides produced two actinomyces viscosus strains, t14v and t14av, were compared. in various media containing glucose, t14av produced abundant extracellular viscous slime polysaccharide, whereas t14v produced lower levels. furthermore, fractionation of these polysaccharides showed that the two extracellular polysaccharides differed in molecular size and net charge. since there was a significant difference in the relative abilities of chemically defined medium and chem ...19817251159
effect of bacterial aggregation on the adherence of oral streptococci to hydroxyapatite.several in vitro assay systems to measure the adherence of human dental plaque bacteria to solid surfaces such as teeth, glass, and hydroxyapatite have been published. in many studies a variety of macromolecular solutes have been used to study the adherence process. often these solutes are able to aggregate the test bacterial and thus may alter the outcome of adherence experiments. in this study, the effects of the aggregation of streptococcus sanguis on adherence to spheroidal hydroxyapatite is ...19817228408
purification and characterization of surface fibrils from taxonomically typical actinomyces viscosus wvu627.fibrils of actinomyces viscosus wvu627 (numerical taxonomy cluster 1) were obtained by homogenization and purified by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. electron microscopy and resolution of a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis attested to the purity of the preparation. purified fibrils were composed mainly of protein; small quantities of carbohydrate and phosphorus were detected. immunoelectrop ...19817275934
lactose-reversible coaggregation between oral actinomycetes and streptococcus sanguis.freshly isolated strains of oral actinomycetes were obtained from human dental plaque and were tested for the ability to coaggregate with common laboratory stock strains of streptococcus sanguis. strains belonging to the genera actinomyces, arachnia, bifidobacterium, and bacterionema were isolated. only members of the genus actinomyces coaggregated with the streptococci, and only actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii exhibited lactose-reversible interactions. a total of 61 strains, con ...19817263074
selective antibacterial properties of lysozyme for oral microorganisms.the antibacterial properties of lysozyme were investigated with oral microorganisms representing the seven serotypes (a through g) of streptococcus mutans, veillonella alcalescens, and the virulent (v) and avirulent (av) strains of actinomyces viscosus t14. growth of bacteria in defined medium was monitored spectrophotometrically after the addition of various amounts (25 mug to 5 mg/ml) of enzyme. no growth inhibition of v. alcalescens was observed. inhibition of a. viscosus t14(v) and a. viscos ...19807216430
actinomycosis due to actinomyces viscosus in a young dog. 19807376388
fibril-mediated adherence of actinomyces viscosus to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite.fibril-mediated adherence of actinomyces viscosus strain t14v cells to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite was studied. fibrils were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and differential centrifugation from the crude supernatant of whole cells that were sheared by one passage through a french pressure cell. purified fibrils and crude supernatant inhibited strain t14v adherence to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite to similar extents. however, anti-strain t14v serum and antifibril specific antibody co ...19807399676
modulation of immunoreactivity to periodontal disease-associated microorganisms during pregnancy.the lymphocyte blastogenic response to a panel of antigens and mitogens was assessed in a group of 20 women throughout their pregnancy. in addition, a group of five nonpregnant women was monitored simultaneously to identify variations in response to the same stimulants. the stimulants included orally associated bacterial antigens (streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, bacteroides asaccharolyticus, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, bacteroides [capnocytophaga] ochraceus, and ...19807399691
the use of monoclonal antibodies in the study of lactose-sensitive adherence of actinomyces viscosus t14v. 19806108369
role of bacterial interactions in the colonization of oral surfaces of actinomyces viscosus.the effects of several microbial residents of human oral cavities on the attachment of actinomyces viscosus t14v to tooth surfaces were assessed by using the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sha) in vitro system. attachment to sha by a. viscosus t14v was not inhibited in the presence of streptococcus mutans gs5, either in the presence or absence of sucrose. precoating sha beads with s. mutans in the presence of sucrose also did not retard strain t14v attachment. however, the presence of streptococc ...19806772577
mitogenic activity of actinomyces viscosus. ii. induction of dna and immunoglobulin synthesis in rabbit b lymphocytes. 19806997099
morphological, chemical, and antigenic characterization of cell walls of the oral pathogenic strains actinomyces viscosus t14v and t14av. 19806935993
in vitro expression of immunoglobulin m and g subclasses by murine b lymphocytes in response to a polyclonal activator from actinomyces.a cell wall extract from the gram-positive bacterium actinomyces viscosus contains the mitogen avis, a potent polyclonal b-cell activator for murine b lymphocytes. cultures of splenocytes from heterozygous nude mice in the presence of an optimal concentration of avis responded by a deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis response, and proliferaction reached maximal levels after 3 to 4 days. there was no requirement for t cells in the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, proliferactive, immunoglobulin m (igm ...19806967454
immunological properties of actinomyces viscosus: comparison of blastogenic and adjuvant activities.a water-soluble extract of actinomyces viscosus was tested for its capacity to induce deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in spleen cells from normal mice and to augment the in vitro antibody-forming cell (afc) response to the t-cell-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes (srbc) by t-cell-deficient adherent spleen cell monolayers from the same mice. our results indicated that the water-soluble extract induced an in vitro blastogenic response, as assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation into mous ...19807189748
influence of eating frequency upon plaque formation and periodontal bone loss.the normal oral flora of weanling osborne-mendel rats was suppressed with penicillin, then bone resorption was induced in the test group by inoculation with actinomyces viscosus ny 1. in the control group the oral flora was suppressed with erythromycin. a programmable feeding machine forced the rats into extremely varied eating frequencies. rats which ate less frequently than normal exhibited significantly less bone loss. frequent eating was correlated with elevated plaque accumulation. avis-ino ...19806936412
cell-mediated immune response to fractionated products of actinomyces viscosus cultures.since bacterial invasion of host tissue has not been shown to occur in the course of periodontitis, many investigators believe that products released from dental plaque microorganisms enter the tissue and elicit a series of host responses leading to the pathological condition. this study, therefore, was designed to explore the possibility that cell-free products isolated from actinomyces viscosus cultures are able to induce cell-mediated immunological responses in experimental animals. hartley s ...19806968349
in-vitro evaluation in man of immuno-stimulation by subfractions of actinomyces viscosus. 19806931554
the influence of mitogen costimulation on the human lymphocyte blastogenic response to actinomyces viscosus ultrasonicates. 19806966555
sialidase-enhanced lectin-like mechanism for actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii hemagglutination.laboratory strains representing six numerical taxonomy clusters and fresh isolates of human actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii were studied by standard flocculation slide tests for the ability to hemagglutinate erythrocytes (rbc) from various animal species. human ab and horse rbc were agglutinated more frequently and rapidly than others; guinea pig rbc were agglutinated by only a few strains. human ab rbc were selected for studies of hemagglutination mechanisms. treatment of rbc wi ...19806769798
carbon dioxide metabolism by actinomyces viscosus: pathways for succinate and aspartate production.14c-labeled bicarbonate was incorporated into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material by cell suspensions of a. viscosus strain m100 and also into the four-carbon fermentation product, succinate, but not into the three-carbon fermentation product, lactate. the initial step in the conversion of 14c-labeled bicarbonate into both trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material and succinate was catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoenolypyruvate carboxylase, which served to convert the glycolytic intermediate, ph ...19806769822
kinetic parameters of lactate dehydrogenases of some rumen bacterial species, the anaerobic ciliate isotricha prostoma and mixed rumen microorganisms.a number of kinetic parameters of the lactate dehydrogenases of three rumen bacterial species (peptostreptococcus productus, propionibacterium acnes and actinomyces viscosus), the rumen ciliate isotricha prostoma and mixed rumen microorganisms (mrm) with respect to nadh, pyruvate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate (fdp) as well as the effects of several nucleotide phosphates were studied. partially purified ldh of peptostr. productus had the same kinetic parameters as in crude cell free extracts. values ...19806778389
increased smooth-surface caries incidence in gnotobiotic rats immunized with actinomyces viscosus. 19806927868
[pulmonary actinomyces-viscosus infection].the isolation of actinomyces viscosus from the pleural fluid of a patient with pleuro-pneumonia and empyema is described. this is believed to be the first human actinomyces viscosus infection in switzerland.1979432603
actinomyces viscosus infections of the chest in humans. 1979464379
in vitro evaluation of seven cationic detergents as antiplaque agents.the bactericidal efficacy of seven cationic detergents was studied in vitro against intact performed plaques of representative strains of four oral dental plaque-forming microorganisms: streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii. both absolute (plaque bactericidal index) and relative (chlorhexidine coefficient) indexes of antiplaque activity were established. only cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was more efficacious than the reference agent, the ...1979464568
adherence of actinomyces viscosus t14v and t14av to hydroxyapatite surfaces in vitro and human teeth in vivo.adsorption of actinomyces viscosus strains t14v and t14av to hydroxyapatite (ha) surfaces was studied, using an adsorption model based on the langmuir adsorption isotherm. data generally followed the adsorption model as judged by high correlation coefficients obtained for both strains to most of the treated surfaces studied. the number of binding sites for strains t14v and t14av cells to human saliva-treated ha was similar to that for untreated ha. the affinity of strain t14v for saliva-treated ...1979500185
relationship between host age and susceptibility to oral colonization by actinomyces viscosus in sprague-dawley rats.the colonization of actinomyces viscosus strain ny-1r on the molar teeth of conventional and ex-germfree rats of various ages fed either a high-sucrose diet, a high-glucose diet, or laboratory chow was studied. conventional rats directly after weaning and up to 30 days of age are less susceptible to experimental infection by strain ny-1r than are older rats regardless of the test diet. the relationship between host age and susceptibility to infection is also demonstrable in ex-germfree rats fed ...1979528051
model studies on dental plaque formation: deoxyhexoses in actinomyces viscosus.a careful examination of two strains of actinomyces viscosus, t14v (virulent) and t14av (avirulent), revealed no qualitative or quantitative difference in 6-deoxyhexose content of their cell surface. for a further study of the role of these sugars in cell surface-related phenomena, the stereochemical configuration of deoxyhexoses of a. viscosus t14 was established by two complementary approaches. (i) examination of the biosynthetic pathway was found to lead to the formation of both 6-deoxy-l-tal ...1979570555
induction of cell-mediated immunity to actinomyces viscosus in mice. 1979316695
a study of the bacteria associated with advancing periodontitis in man.samples of apical plaque were taken by means of an anaerobic gas-flushed syringe from 21 sites in eight patients. the samples were anaerobically dispersed, diluted and plated and incubated in an atmosphere of 80% n2, 10% h2 and 10% co2 for 7-21 days. all colonies on plates containing 20-50 isolates were picked, repeatedly restreaked, characterized and identified where possible by a probabilistic computer identification program. the sites were divided into four groups on the basis of clinical fea ...1979294457
the evaluation of tiodonium chloride as an antiplaque and anticaries agent. iii. evaluation of the antiplaque potential of tiodonium chloride utilizing a rat model.tiodonium chloride (4-chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride), when used in a twice daily mouthrinse at a concentration of 0.3% for either one or four weeks, inhibited dental plaque formation in rats that had been inoculated with streptococcus mutans 6715-15 and actinomyces viscosus t-6. mouthrinses containing 0.1 and 0.2% tiodonium chloride were also effective in inhibiting plaque, but not as consistently as the 0.3% level.1979296396
immune labeling of certain strains of actinomyces naeslundii and actinomyces viscosus by fluorescence and electron microscopy.a total of 12 well-characterized strains of actinomyces viscosus and a. naeslundii grown on trypticase soy agar plates supplemented with sheep erythrocytes were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy after treatment with appropriately labeled antisera to homologous and heterologous strains. cells incubated with homologous rabbit antisera followed by fluorescein-isothiocyanate (fitc)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g (igg) exhibited a completely smooth fluore ...1979387589
carbohydrate metabolism in actinomyces viscosus. 1979121304
rat memory t lymphocytes. ii. differences in macrophage-dependent activation shown by actinomyces viscosus antigens and by mitogens, using silica in vitro.protein-coated silica, a macrophage toxin, was used to assess the requirement for accessory cells in the induction of an in vitro proliferative response to (i) antigens from actinomyces viscosus and (ii) the mitogens conconavalin a (con a) and phytohaemagglutinin (pha). t cells were obtained from ric-sprague-dawley rats primed in vivo with a. viscosus nyl by splenectomy and filtering the spleen cell suspensions through degalan ig-anti-igg columns. in the presence of 100 microgram silica/ml durin ...1979230582
neuraminidase-dependent hamagglutination of human erythrocytes by human strains of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii.human a, b, and o erythrocytes (rbc) were agglutinated by many human strains of actinomyces viscosus and a. naeslundii. at 37 degrees c, these bacterium-mediated hemagglutination reactions required the action of bacterial neuraminidase upon the rbc; however, at 4 degrees c, the requirement for neuraminidase was not as striking. bacterial cell suspensions which caused hemagglutination at 37 degrees c contained both soluble extracellular and cell-associated neuraminidase activities as shown by enz ...1979232691
bacterial and strain specificities in opsonization, phagocytosis and killing of streptococcus mutans.opsonization of streptococcus mutans, followed by phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear leucocytes has been postulated as an effector mechanism in protection against dental caries. opsonization was studied by using sera from monkeys immunized with killed strep. mutans (sero-type c) and compared with sera from sham-immunized monkeys. antibodies to strep. mutans (sero-type c) induced maximal phagocytosis and killing of serotypes c and e, and this was significantly greater than with serotyp ...1979106996
structure of extracellular water-soluble polysaccharides synthesized from sucrose by oral strains of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sanguis and actinomyces viscosus. 1979292363
the antimicrobial effect of fluorides (acidulated phosphate, sodium and stannous) on actinomyces viscosus.the effect of three commercially prepared fluoride compounds (acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23% f-, stannous fluoride 0.4%, and sodium fluoride 0.05%) diluted to various concentrations with brain heart infusion broth, on the growth of five strains of actinomyces viscosus following 1 and 24 hours' exposure to the fluorides was studied. results demonstrated that snf2 was the most effective growth inhibitor of the organisms at 500 ppm f- after 1 hour and at 100 ppm f- after 24 hours' exposure. ap ...1979288763
stability of the resident microflora and the bacteriocinogeny of streptococcus mutans as factors affecting its establishment in specific pathogen-free rats.the outcome of the experimental implantation of streptococcus mutans strains in humans and animals is unpredictable, and neither success nor failure can be explained. it seems logical to assume that, apart from dietary and host factors, the characteristics of the s. mutans strain involved and those of the resident plaque microflora are important in colonization. for example, previous work in this laboratory suggested that bacteriocin production accounts at least in part for the establishment of ...1979154472
the cell wall-associated levansucrase of actinomyces viscosus.actinomyces viscosus produces both a soluble extracellular levansucrase and a cell wall-associated levansucrase. the enzyme from cell walls was solubilized by lysozyme digestion. the soluble extracellular and cell wall-associated forms of the enzyme were compared and appeared to be identical, based on molecular weight estimations, kinetic parameters, and reactions with antisera. the product of both forms of the enzyme was a high molecular weight, branched levan, as shown by its reactivity with m ...1979105761
relationship between glucan-induced agglutination and glucan-binding ability of actinomyces viscosus cells. 197995122
surface fibrils (fimbriae) of actinomyces viscosus t14v.surface antigens of actinomyces viscosus t14v were released from cell walls by digestion with lysozyme. these were separated by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography into fractions rich in carbohydrate or protein. the former contained a polysaccharide high in 6-deoxytalose, along with a peptide fragment from the cell wall. in the protein-rich fractions, material of high molecular weight was present, which contained some carbohydrate and up to 14.3% nitrogen. aspartic acid, threonine, gl ...197988416
specificity of coaggregation reactions between human oral streptococci and strains of actinomyces viscosus or actinomyces naeslundii.coaggregation reactions between actinomycete and streptococcal cells occurred frequently when human strains of actinomyces viscosus or a. naeslundii were mixed with human isolates of streptococcus sanguis or s. mitis, but were infrequent with other oral actinomycetes and streptococci. two groups of actinomycetes and four groups of streptococci were defined by the patterns of their coaggregation reactions and by the ability of beta-linked galactosides (i.e., lactose) to reverse these reactions. c ...1979468376
mannose-contaminating agglutinin for actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii.rapid agglutination of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii cells by d-mannose solutions was observed during studies of their attachment to mammalian cells in vitro. the specificity of the agglutination reaction was studied by slide agglutination tests and by measuring the rate of decrease in optical density of bacterial phosphate buffer suspensions caused by the setting of bacterial aggregates. actinomyces cells were agglutinated by protein-containing mannose solutions of several che ...1979546781
degradation of levan by actinomyces viscosus.actinomyces viscosus atcc 15987 was examined for its ability to hydrolyze its own levan. washed whole cells and an ammonium sulfate fraction from cell-free culture fluids were shown to possess levan hydrolase activity. analyses of reaction mixtures by gel filtration and thin-layer chromatography demonstrated that the product of levan hydrolysis was free fructose. the cell-associated and extracellular enzyme preparations also hydrolyzed inulin and the levans synthesized by aerobacter levanicum an ...197832137
plaque formation in vitro by actinomyces viscosus in the presence of streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus mutans.actinomyces viscosus, growing on a tooth in the presence of sucrose, slowly produced a loosely-attached plaque, the ph being 6.1 after 120 h. when the tooth was inoculated simultaneously with a. viscosus and either streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus mutans, firmly-adherent plaque was quickly formed and the ph fell below 5 after 33 h with the former streptococcus and 24 h with the latter. a. viscosus disappeared from each mixed plaque by 120 h.197842006
mechanism of coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34.actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34 coaggregate by a mechanism which is not inhibited by 1 m nacl, is dextran independent, requires calcium, is ph dependent with an optimum at ph 8.0 to 8.5, and appears to require the interaction of a protein or glycoprotein on a. viscosus with a carbohydrate on s. sanguis. the coaggregation is inhibited more than 80% by 0.01 m lactose, 0.02 m beta-methyl-d-galactoside, or 0.05 m d-galactose; inhibition of coaggregation was less than 10% in 0. ...197830701
factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii during growth and in washed cell suspensions.various factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii strain 12104 were studied. when the ph of glucose-supplemented growth medium fell below 5.5, the cells aggregated and formed microbial masses which tenaciously adhered to the culture vessels. when the organism was cultured in the same medium in the absence of glucose, maximum growth was reduced and the final culture ph values remained above 6.5, but the cells were more dispersed and nonadherent. adjusting the final ph of these c ...197830700
attachment of bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus to oral surfaces and its possible role in colonization of the mouth and of periodontal pockets.this investigation examined the ability of cells of bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus 381 to adhere to surfaces that might be important for its initial colonization of the mouth and its subsequent colonization in periodontal pockets. of 48 asaccharolytic strains of b. melaninogenicus, 47 agglutinated human erythrocytes, whereas none of 20 fermentative strains, which included reference cultures of the subspecies intermedius and melaninogenicus, were active. electron microscopy i ...197824002
the in vitro inhibition of microbial growth and plaque formation by surfactant drugs.several cationic, mixed and amphoteric surfactants were tested for their antimicrobial activity and ability to inhibit the formation of in vitro plaque by oral microorganisms. all had antimicrobial activity against actinomyces viscosus. actinomyces naeslundii and streptococcus mutans. cationic surfactants were comparable to chlorhexidine in antimicrobial activity but were less effective in inhibiting plaque formation. amphoteric surfactants were less effective than other detergents in antibacter ...1978151134
fimbriae of actinomyces viscosus t14v: their relationship to the virulence-associated antigen and to coaggregation with streptococcus sanguis 34.1) fimbriae from a. viscosus t14v may be similar to those found on other bacteria. 2) the antigenic difference between virulent and avirulent a. viscosus t14 appears to be of a quantitative rather than a qualitative nature and is related to fimbriae and not to the cell wall polysaccharide. 3) coaggregation between a. viscosus t14v and s. sanguis 34 is mediated by fimbriae on the former which have specificity for beta-linked galactosyl residues.197884522
relative proportions of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii in dental plaques collected from single sites. 1978280567
inhibition of actinomyces viscosus by bacteriocin-producing strains of streptococcus mutans in the dental plaque of gnotobiotic rats. 1978280286
[serological analysis of actinomyces viscosus and identification of pathogenic human strains]. 1978115912
the polar lipids of actinomyces viscosus. 1978273391
microbiota of gingivitis in man.a study on the predominant cultivable microorganisms inhabiting gingival crevices affected with a chronic gingivitis was carried out using the roll tube culture technique. samples were obtained from nine individuals 25--42 years of age. gram-positive rods make up 29.1% of the isolates and included mainly actinomyces naeslundii, actinomyces israelii, and actinomyces viscosus. streptococcus mitis and streptococcus sanguis together made up 26.8% of the cultivable organisms. peptostreptococcus avera ...1978276916
a comparison of strains of bacteria designated actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii. 1978282008
ph measurements of actinomyces viscosus colonies grown on media containing dietary carbohydrates. 197826324
[biological activities of a human dental plaque specimen, and cell walls from actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii]. 1978397329
cell-associated levan of actinomyces viscosus.actinomyces viscosus atcc 15987 was examined for the presence of cell-associated levan by absorption of myeloma proteins with antilevan activity and direct immunofluorescence. levan was not detectable on the surface of glucose-grown a. viscosus, but after a brief incubation of these cells with 5% sucrose, they were encapsulated with tenaciously adhering levan. the levan layer constituted between 0.02 and 0.03% of the cell dry weight. in contrast, sucrose-grown a. viscosus cells possessed a low l ...1978344220
quantitative fluorescent immunoassay of antibodies to, and surface antigens of, actinomyces viscosus.optimal conditions for a fluorescence immunoassay of antibodies to, and surface antigens of, actinomyces viscosus atcc 19246 are described. in the standard fluorescence immunoassay, 10(8) colony-forming units of a. viscosus reacted with an antibody preparation, were washed, and then were treated with an excess of fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g. after another set of washes, fluorescence was determined in a spectofluorometer; in most cases excitation was at 485 nm, with e ...1978344340
binding of glucosyltransferase and glucan synthesis by streptococcus mutans and other bacteria.lyophilized and heat-treated cells from the seven serotypes of streptococcus mutans were examined for their ability to bind added insoluble-product glucosyl-transferase (gtase) and to synthesize cell-associated glucan from [(14)c]sucrose. lyophilized cells of serotypes a and g did not synthesize any more additional glucan than did the controls after exposure to gtase. these cells, however, synthesized four- to eightfold-greater quantities of glucan than did the cells of the remaining serotypes. ...1978361564
cervicofacial actinomyces viscosus infection. 1978712485
role of colonization in the virulence of actinomyces viscosus strains t14-vi and t14-av.germfree rats fed a high-sucrose diet were inoculated with actinomyces viscosus strain t14-vi (virulent) or t14-av (avirulent). the mean recovery of strain t14-vi from six extracted finely ground molars of rats sacrificed after 90 days was 1.1 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu). the mean recovery of strain t14-av was 5.7 x 10(7) cfu, which was significantly less. strain t14-vi caused severe alveolar bone loss, but only minimal bone loss occurred in rats infected with strain t14-av. scanning elec ...1978730375
new cellular and extracellular amphipathic antigen from actinomyces viscosus ny1.a new type of amphipathic antigen was isolated from culture supernatants and cells of actinomyces viscosus ny1 and partially characterized as a fatty acid-substituted heteropolysaccharide. similar components have been detected serologically in other strains of actinomyces.1978730376
rat memory t lymphocytes: in vitro proliferation induced by antigens of actinomyces viscosus.peripheral t lymphocytes from ric-sprague-dawley rats primed in vivo several months earlier with actinomyces viscosus ny 1 reacted with a strong proliferative response upon antigenic challenge in vitro. two different antigen preparations from a. viscosus ny 1, a broken cell supernatant (bcs) and an extracellular fraction (exc) gave maximum responses as measured by the uptake of [3h]thymidine at a concentration of 10 microgram at day 4 of culture. phytohaemagglutinin (pha) used as a control provo ...1978306665
morphological features and functional properties of human fibroblasts exposed to actinomyces viscosus substances.connective tissue fibroblasts undergo cytopathic degenerative changes during certain long-term inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. the failure of inflamed tissues to repair properly may result from functional alterations of fibroblasts within the affected tissues. numerous previous studies indicate that direct cytotoxicity by bacterial or other substances may be responsible for the cellular alterations observed in vivo. we have tested this hypothesis by exposing ...1978624591
identification of the virulence-associated antigen on the surface fibrils of actinomyces viscosus t14.actinomyces viscosus t14v is virulent (v) for monoinfected rats, causing periodontal disease and bone loss, whereas, a. viscosus t14av, a mutant strain, is avirulent (av). surface antigens from the t14v and t14av strains were prepared by lysozyme digestion of cell walls and were compared by immunodiffusion against antisera to t14v and t14av whole cells. the v-associated antigen (v-antigen) was detected readily in the t14v, but not readily in the t14av cell wall extract. antiserum specific for th ...1978624593
comparative estimates of bacterial affinities and adsorption sites on hydroxyapatite surfaces.the adsorption of strains of prominent oral bacteria to hydroxyapatite (ha) surfaces was studied by use of an adsorption model based on the langmuir adsorption isotherm; this permitted comparative estimates of the number of adsorption sites and the strength of the adsorption bonds on untreated and salivatreated ha surfaces for strain of streptococcus mutans, s. salivarius, s. sanguis, s. mitis, actinomyces viscosus, and a. naeslundii. the experimental data closely followed the adsorption model a ...1978640732
interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. vii. in vitro polymorphonuclear responses to viable bacteria and to subcellular components of avirulent and virulent strains of actinomyces viscosus.both virulent (v) and avirulent (av) strains of actinomyces viscosus t14 are capable of colonizing the oral cavity of gnotobiotic rats, but only t14-v causes destructive periodontal disease. the basis for this difference in in vivo pathogenicity has not been adequately defined. in the present study we compared the capacities of t14-av and t14-v to provoke in vitro extracellular release of lysosomal constituents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). in serum-free cultures, viable t14-v ...1978689737
in vitro antiplaque properties of a series of alkyl bis(biguanides).a series of eight alkyl bis(biguanide) analogues of alexidine, n,n''''-1,6-hexanediyl bis[n'-(2-ethylhexyl)imidodicarbonimidic diamide] (1), was prepared. five of these analogues constituted a series isolipophilic with 1 but with varying bridge length between biguanide moieties. the compounds were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial and antiplaque properties against streptococcus mutans, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naesludii. one analogue, n n,''''-1,6-hexanediyl bis[n'(n-octyl)imidod ...1978691009
rapid method for identification and enumeration of oral actinomyces.serotype-specific antisera prepared against whole cells of actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii, and a. israeli were labeled with fluorescein dye and used to detect and quantitate antigenically related microorganisms in human dental plaque. by relating the dna content of the dental plaque microflora to the number of actinomyces present in the plaque samples, a reproducible method was developed for specifically enumerating five serotypic representatives of this genus found in human plaque.1978711333
modification of surface composition of actinomyces viscosus t14v and t14av.the morphology and serology of actinomyces viscosus t14v and t14av were compared. when grown in supplemented tryptic soy broth, the virulent strain (t14v) possessed an extensive network of cell surface fibrils. in this medium, the avirulent strain (t14av) possessed a microcapsule, absent on strain t14v, and a comparatively small number of surface fibrils. mild acid extraction (lancefield procedure) solubilized common antigenic components on both strains as well as components detectable only in t ...1978730385
the effect of cyclosporin a on dental caries in rats monoassociated with actinomyces viscosus ny 1. 1978311139
isolation of a bacteriophage for actinomyces viscosus.a lytic phage which produces clear plaques on a human isolate of actinomyces viscosus was isolated from a sample of raw domestic sewage.1978669798
new medium for isolation of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii from dental plaque.metronidazole (10 microgram/ml) and cadmium sulfate (20 microgram/ml) were added to a gelatin-based medium to select for microaerophilic actinomyces species from dental plaque samples. the new medium (gmc), when incubated anaerobically, allowed 98% recovery of seven pure cultures of actinomyces viscosus and 73% recovery of eight pure cultures of actinomyces naeslundii, while suppressing 76% of the total count of other organisms in dental plaque samples. in 203 plaque samples, recoveries of a. vi ...1978670376
inhibitory effects of extracellular products from oral bacteria on human fibroblasts and stimulated lymphocytes.extracellular products of 12 strains of streptococcus mutans and 5 additional species of oral bacteria were analyzed for their ability to inhibit proliferation of fibroblastoid cells (hela and av3) and blast transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from normal individuals. products from s. mutans strains aht and bht, streptococcus intermedius, and actinomyces viscosus inhibited [3h]thymidine uptake by fibroblastoid cells and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. product ...1978689736
origin of esterases in human whole saliva.whole saliva of 59 healthy persons was used for determination of esterase activity. the pattern of esterase was studied by means of isoelectrofocusing on thin-layer acrylamide gels. the esterases found in whole saliva are suggested to be derived from the cells of the tissue in the oral cavity. this origin is indicated (e.g.) by comparison between isolectrophoretic esterase patterns of whole saliva, submandibular saliva, gingival biopsy and fibroblast culture. antisera against partially purified ...1977862601
isolation of actinomyces viscosus from two patients with clinical infections.the isolation of actinomyces viscosus from two patients is described. one was a case of multiple myeloma, the organism being found on blood culture; the other was a patient with a submandibular abscess. these are believed to be the first such isolations of a. viscosus in this country.1977874107
regulation of invertase of actinomyces viscosus.the regulation of diethylaminoethyl-partially purified invertase (ec 3.2.1.26; beta-d-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase) from the 37,000 x g-soluble intracellular fluid of actinomyces viscosus serotype 2 strain m-100 was studied. glycolytic intermediates, mono-, di-, and triphosphate nucleotides, inorganic phosphate, and various divalent cations were tested for regulatory effects. fructose-6-phosphate (f6p) and fructose-1,6-diphosphate (fdp) were found to act as noncompetitive inhibitors of inver ...1977903175
paraplegia due to actinomyces viscosus infection in the cat.in a 3 year old female domestic cat a suppurative, granulomatous lesion of the tail and sacral area penetrated into the epidural space, causing paraplegia. a viscosus was isolated from the inflammatory tissues. a comparative light and electronmicroscopic study of the bacterial elements and the architecture of the granules (drusen) show that the latter are in-vivo microcolonies of the agent.1977906806
structural requirements of guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents for antiplaque activity.the bactericidal efficacy of 16 guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents was studied in vitro against intact preformed plaques of four oral (plaque-forming) microorganisms: streptococcus mutans, s. sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and a. naeslundii. the activities of these agents were examined in relation to their molecular configurations. these studies indicated that the bis- and biguanide configurations are important for efficacy, as is the length of the alkyl side chain. no structural moiety ...1977931371
in vitro evaluation of three iodine-containing compounds as antiplaque agents.the antibacterial activity of three iodine-containing compounds was determined for strains of four dental plaque-forming microorganisms, using an in vitro preclinical plaque model system. solutions of inorganic iodine, povidone-iodine, and wescodyne were tested for antiplaque activity against preformed plaques of a number of strains of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii. solutions of inorganic iodine were more effective as antiplaque age ...1977883812
distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria.menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 48 corynebacteria and actinomycete strains examined. dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from gordona, mycobacterium, corynebacterium bovis, corynebacterium glutamicum and a strain labelled nocardia farcinica, but dihydromenaquinones having eight isoprene units were characteristic of other corynebacterium species and representatives of the 'rhodochrous' complex. tetrahydromenaquinones having six ...1977894261
complement activation by the alternative pathway and macrophage enzyme secretion in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation.a number of stimuli known to induce acid hydrolase secretion from cultured macrophages were examined for their ability to activate c3 via the alternative pathway of the complement system. loss of haemolytically active c3 was checked in normal and c4-deficient guinea-pig serum. for comparison the interactions of cultured macrophages with other agents well known as potent activators of the alternative pathway of the complement system have been investigated. as judged by their activity in these ass ...1977328387
are actinomyces viscosus antigens b cell mitogens?an extracellular heteroglycan (echg) and a sonicated cell supernatant (scs) of actinomyces viscosus ny 1 induced strong lymphocyte proliferation. this was shown with spleen and thoracic duct cells form germfree rats and confirmed with cells from conventional "nude" mouse spleens. spleen cells developed direct plaque-forming cells against densely coupled tnp-srbc. the mitogenic property of echg was diminished considerably after mild alkaline hydrolysis for lymphocytes form rat spleens and was tot ...1977300408
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