Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| identification and characterization of clostridium perfringens beta toxin variants with differing trypsin sensitivity and in vitro cytotoxicity activity. | by producing toxins, clostridium perfringens causes devastating diseases of both humans and animals. c. perfringens beta toxin (cpb) is the major virulence determinant for type c infections and is also implicated in type b infections, but little is known about the cpb structure-function relationship. amino acid sequence comparisons of the cpbs made by 8 randomly selected isolates identified two natural variant toxins with four conserved amino acid changes, including a switch of e to k at positio ... | 2015 | 25643999 |
| an assessment of the human health impact of seven leading foodborne pathogens in the united states using disability adjusted life years. | we explored the overall impact of foodborne disease caused by seven leading foodborne pathogens in the united states using the disability adjusted life year (daly). we defined health states for each pathogen (acute illness and sequelae) and estimated the average annual incidence of each health state using data from public health surveillance and previously published estimates from studies in the united states, canada and europe. these pathogens caused about 112 000 dalys annually due to foodborn ... | 2015 | 25633631 |
| correction for chen et al., epsilon-toxin production by clostridium perfringens type d strain cn3718 is dependent upon the agr operon but not the virs/virr two-component regulatory system. | 2015 | 25626909 | |
| identification of tyrosine 71 as a critical residue for the cytotoxic activity of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin towards mdck cells. | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx) is an extremely potent toxin, causing fatal enterotoxaemia in many animals. several amino acids in domains i and ii have been proposed to be critical for etx to interact with mdck cells. however, the critical amino acids in domain iii remain undefined. therefore, we assessed the effects of aromatic amino acids in domain iii on etx activity in this study. all of the results indicated that y71 was critical for the cytotoxic activity of etx towards mdck c ... | 2015 | 25626370 |
| inflammatory responses to a clostridium perfringens type a strain and α-toxin in primary intestinal epithelial cells of chicken embryos. | the causative pathogen of necrotic enteritis is the gram-positive bacterium clostridium perfringens. its main cell wall component, peptidoglycan (pgn), can be recognized by toll-like receptor 2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod). consequently, the immune response is initiated via activation of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) signalling pathway. an in vitro study was conducted to investigate chicken intestinal inflammatory responses to c. perfringens type a and one of its virulenc ... | 2015 | 25584964 |
| effects of dietary selenium on host response to necrotic enteritis in young broilers. | the effects of dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with an organic selenium (se) formulation, b-traxim se, on experimental necrotic enteritis (ne) were studied. chickens treated with three se doses (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/kg) from hatch were orally challenged with eimeria maxima at 14 days of age followed by clostridium perfringens to induce ne. chickens fed with 0.50 mg/kg se showed significantly increased body weights and antibody levels against netb, and significantly reduced gut l ... | 2015 | 25575447 |
| four foodborne disease outbreaks caused by a new type of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens. | the epidemiological and bacteriological investigations on four foodborne outbreaks caused by a new type of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens are described. c. perfringens isolated from patients of these outbreaks did not produce any known enterotoxin and did not carry the c. perfringens enterotoxin gene. however, the culture filtrates of these isolates induced the accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loop tests. the molecular weight of the new enterotoxin may be between 50,000 and 1 ... | 2015 | 25568432 |
| high stocking density as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. | stocking density is a management factor which has critical implications for the poultry industry. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high stocking density as a predisposing factor in an experimental model of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. the experimental challenge model included an oral inoculation with 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of clostridium perfringens. two hundred and forty as hatc ... | 2015 | 25563065 |
| clinico-pathological findings of clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxaemia in goats and its hemolytic activity in different erythrocytes. | the present investigation was conducted to study the effects of experimental clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxaemia in teddy goats. clinical signs started to appear after 30 min of experimental infection like anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, frothing and dyspnea. gross lesions consisted of severe congestion in tissues of varying intensity with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes while histological examination revealed edema of lungs, kidney, and lymph nodes and to some extent in brain along w ... | 2015 | 27175159 |
| no difference in fecal levels of bacteria or short chain fatty acids in humans, when consuming fruit juice beverages containing fruit fiber, fruit polyphenols, and their combination. | this study examined the effect of a boysenberry beverage (750 mg polyphenols), an apple fiber beverage (7.5 g dietary fiber), and a boysenberry plus apple fiber beverage (750 mg polyphenols plus 7.5 g dietary fiber) on gut health. twenty-five individuals completed the study. the study was a placebo-controlled crossover study, where every individual consumed 1 of the 4 treatments in turn. each treatment phase was 4-week long and was followed by a 2-week washout period. the trial beverages were 35 ... | 2015 | 25530011 |
| cost-of-illness and disease burden of food-related pathogens in the netherlands, 2011. | to inform risk management decisions on control and prevention of food-related disease, both the disease burden expressed in disability adjusted life years (daly) and the cost-of-illness of food-related pathogens are estimated and presented. disease burden of fourteen pathogens that can be transmitted by food, the environment, animals and humans was previously estimated by havelaar et al. (2012). in this paper we complement these by cost-of-illness estimates. together, these present a complete pi ... | 2015 | 25528537 |
| determination of the clostridium perfringens-binding site on fibronectin. | the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (fn) is known to bind to the surface of clostridium perfringens cells. fn is a disulfide-linked homodimer protein, with each fn polypeptide consisting of three types of repeating modules: 12 type i, 2 type ii, and 15-17 type iii modules. to determine the epitope on fn recognized by c. perfringens cells, anti-fn monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and various fn fragments (iii2-10, riii2-4, riii5-7, riii8, riii9, riii10) were employed. although two c. perfrin ... | 2015 | 25433150 |
| clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty with contaminated corneal allografts: a case series. | to report the postoperative clinical course of 3 patients who underwent corneal transplantation with corneal allografts contaminated with clostridium perfringens and to evaluate the risk factors for anaerobic contamination in 2 donors. | 2015 | 25393093 |
| dietary sodium selenite affects host intestinal and systemic immune response and disease susceptibility to necrotic enteritis in commercial broilers. | 1. this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementary dietary selenium (se) given as sodium selenite on host immune response against necrotic enteritis (ne) in commercial broiler chickens. 2. chicks were fed from hatching on a non-supplemented diet or diets supplemented with different levels of se (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 se mg/kg). to induce ne, broiler chickens were orally infected with eimeria maxima at 14 d of age and then with clostridium perfringens 4 d later using our previously establi ... | 2015 | 25387235 |
| sialidase production and genetic diversity in clostridium perfringens type a isolated from chicken with necrotic enteritis in brazil. | the sialidase activity and genetic diversity of 22 clostridium perfringens strains isolated from chickens with necrotic enteritis were determined. sialidase activity was detected in 86.4 % of the strains. all c. perfringens showed a high value of similarity (>96 %), and they were grouped into seven clusters clearly separated from the other reference bacterial strains. from these clusters four patterns were defined in accordance with their phenotypic (sialidase production and antibiotic resistanc ... | 2015 | 25373329 |
| a combination of targeted toxin technology and the piggybac-mediated gene transfer system enables efficient isolation of stable transfectants in nonhuman mammalian cells. | isolation of cells harboring exogenous dna is typically achieved by the introduction of plasmids, but its efficiency remains still low. in this study, we developed a novel strategy to obtain stable transfectants efficiently. porcine embryonic fibroblasts were transfected with two plasmids: (i) ptransiend, which comprises the ubiquitous promoter, the piggybac (pb) transposase gene, an internal ribosomal entry site, the clostridium perfringens-derived endo-β-galactosidase c (endogalc) gene, and a ... | 2015 | 25345906 |
| directed structural modification of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin to enhance binding to claudin-5. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) binds to distinct claudins (clds), which regulate paracellular barrier functions in endo- and epithelia. the c-terminal domain (ccpe) has the potential for selective claudin modulation, since it only binds to a subset of claudins, e.g., cld3 and cld4 (ccpe receptors). cld5 (non-cpe receptor) is a main constituent in tight junctions (tj) of the blood-brain barrier. we aimed to reveal claudin recognition mechanisms of ccpe and to create a basis for a cld5- ... | 2015 | 25342221 |
| epsilon toxin from clostridium perfringens acts on oligodendrocytes without forming pores, and causes demyelination. | epsilon toxin (et) is produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d and causes severe neurological disorders in animals. et has been observed binding to white matter, suggesting that it may target oligodendrocytes. in primary cultures containing oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, we found that et (10(-9) m and 10(-7) m) binds to oligodendrocytes, but not to astrocytes. et induces an increase in extracellular glutamate, and produces oscillations of intracellular ca(2+) concentration in oligoden ... | 2015 | 25287162 |
| clostridium perfringens type a-e toxin plasmids. | clostridium perfringens relies upon plasmid-encoded toxin genes to cause intestinal infections. these toxin genes are associated with insertion sequences that may facilitate their mobilization and transfer, giving rise to new toxin plasmids with common backbones. most toxin plasmids carry a transfer of clostridial plasmids locus mediating conjugation, which likely explains the presence of similar toxin plasmids in otherwise unrelated c. perfringens strains. the association of many toxin genes wi ... | 2015 | 25283728 |
| erythrophagocytosis by neutrophils associated with clostridium perfringens-induced hemolytic anemia. | 2015 | 25109599 | |
| regulation of toxin gene expression in clostridium perfringens. | the gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped clostridium perfringens is widely distributed in nature, especially in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. c. perfringens causes clostridial myonecrosis (or gas gangrene), enteritis and enterotoxemia in humans and livestock by producing numerous extracellular toxins and enzymes. the toxin gene expression is regulated by a two-component regulatory system and regulatory rna virr/virs-vr-rna cascade. the virr/virs system ... | 2015 | 25303832 |
| interface dynamics explain assembly dependency of influenza neuraminidase catalytic activity. | influenza virus neuraminidase (ina) is a homotetrameric surface protein of the influenza virus and an established target for antiviral drugs. in contrast to neuraminidases (nas) of other biological systems (non-inas), enzymatic activity of ina is only observed in a quaternary assembly and ina needs the tetramerization to mediate enzymatic activity. obviously, differences on a molecular level between ina and non-inas are responsible for this intriguing observation. comparison between protein stru ... | 2015 | 24279589 |
| loss of endothelial barrier antigen immunoreactivity as a marker of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin-induced microvascular damage in rat brain. | the epsilon toxin elaborated by clostridium perfringens type d in the intestine of domestic livestock is principally responsible for the neurological disease produced after its absorption in excessive quantities into the systemic circulation. the fundamental basis of the cerebral damage induced by epsilon toxin appears to be microvascular injury with ensuing severe, diffuse vasogenic oedema. endothelial barrier antigen (eba), which is normally expressed by virtually all capillaries and venules i ... | 2015 | 24973988 |
| comparative neuropathology of ovine enterotoxemia produced by clostridium perfringens type d wild-type strain cn1020 and its genetically modified derivatives. | clostridium perfringens type d causes enterotoxemia in sheep and goats. the disease is mediated by epsilon toxin (etx), which affects the cerebrovascular endothelium, increasing vascular permeability and leading to cerebral edema. in the present study, we compared the distribution and severity of the cerebrovascular changes induced in lambs by c. perfringens type d strain cn1020, its isogenic etx null mutant, and the etx-producing complemented mutant. we also applied histochemical and immunohist ... | 2015 | 24964921 |
| hygienization performances of innovative sludge treatment solutions to assure safe land spreading. | the present research aims at the evaluation of the hygienization performances of innovative sludge treatment processes applied for the separated treatment of secondary sludge. namely, two digestion pretreatments (sonication and thermal hydrolysis) and two sequential biological processes (mesophilic/thermophilic and anaerobic/aerobic digestion) were compared to the mesophilic (mad) and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (tad). microbial indicators (escherichia coli, somatic coliphages and clostridi ... | 2015 | 25233915 |
| pigbel in the 21st century: still here, and still in need of an effective surveillance system. | pigbel remains a likely significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the highlands of papua new guinea (png), two decades after the administration of pigbel vaccination ceased. there is a need for an effective surveillance program for pigbel to better understand the disease burden and to target communities for preventive strategies. this paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, recent history and current data on the burden of pigbel in png. we propose a surveillance program based on clin ... | 2015 | 26288931 |
| massive intravascular hemolysis from clostridium perfringens septicemia: a review. | we describe the case of a patient with hemolysis-associated clostridium perfringens septicemia and review all similar cases published in the literature since 1990, with specific focus on the relationship between treatment strategy and survival. we searched pubmed for all published cases of c. perfringens-associated hemolysis, using the medical subject terms "clostridia," "clostridial sepsis," and/or "hemolysis." all case reports, case series, review articles, and other relevant references publis ... | 2014 | 24019300 |
| clostridium perfringens in apheresis platelets: an unusual contaminant underscores the importance of clinical vigilance for septic transfusion reactions (cme). | posttransfusion sepsis is typically caused by aerobic bacteria in apheresis platelets (plts) that escape detection by routine quality control cultures performed on every donation before components are distributed. we report the first case to implicate an anaerobic isolate, clostridium perfringens, in apheresis plts and investigate its detection in vitro by approved tests. | 2014 | 23772803 |
| use of an online survey during an outbreak of clostridium perfringens in a retirement community-arizona, 2012. | an outbreak of gastrointestinal (gi) illness among retirement community residents was reported to the maricopa county department of public health. online surveys can be useful for rapid investigation of disease outbreaks, especially when local health departments lack time and resources to perform telephone interviews. online survey utility among older populations, which may lack computer access or literacy, has not been defined. | 2014 | 23760307 |
| diagnostic exercise: hemolysis and sudden death in lambs. | within a 24-hour period, 7 out of 200 three- to four-week-old pastured katahdin lambs died after showing clinical signs of hemoglobinuria, red-tinged feces, weakness, and recumbency. one of the lambs that was examined clinically before natural death also had abdominal pain, trembling, tachycardia, and severe anemia with a packed cell volume of 4%. pathologic findings included icterus, hemoglobinuric nephrosis, dark red urine, pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, splenomegaly, and acute centrilobular to ... | 2014 | 23978840 |
| gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens involving the liver, spleen, and heart in a man 20 years after an orthotopic liver transplant: a case report. | despite advances in immunosuppression and liver transplant in the past, mortality and morbidity caused by infections remain major problems. we present a 71-year-old man who was admitted to our internal intensive care unit with septicemia. upon admission, he had poorly localized epigastric pain and fever of 2 days ' duration. twenty years earlier, he had undergone an orthotopic liver transplant. testing revealed a high c-reactive protein level, elevated liver enzymes, and an acute kidney injury. ... | 2014 | 23962047 |
| expression and delivery of an endolysin to combat clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a cause for increasing concern due to its responsibility for severe infections both in humans and animals, especially poultry. to find new control strategies to treat c. perfringens infection, we investigated the activity and delivery of a bacteriophage endolysin. we identified a new endolysin, designated cp25l, which shows similarity to an n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase domain and is distinct from other c. perfringens endolysins whose activity has been demonstrate ... | 2014 | 23942878 |
| [benign subcutaneous emphysema after nail penetration. case report and important differential diagnoses]. | crepitus under the skin after penetrating injuries: harmless benign subcutaneous emphysema or life-threatening infection with gas-producing bacteria (gas gangrene because of clostridium perfringens, crepitating cellulitis because of anaerobic streptococcus or other coliforme bacteria)? we report a case of a 74-year-old male who developed massive crepitation of the left upper extremity and the lateral thoracic wall and mediastinal emphysema after sustaining a laceration of the left thumb and fore ... | 2014 | 23703620 |
| infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by-products is inactivated with inorganic acid (ph 1) and base (ph 12). | the aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (hcl) or base (koh) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) as a model organism for fish pathogens. salmonella and spores of clostridium perfringens were general hygiene indicators in supplementary examinations. ipnv, which is considered to be among the most chemical- and heat-resistant fish pathogens, was reduced by ... | 2014 | 23617746 |
| spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis after pregnancy - emergency treatment to the limb salvage and functional recovery: a case report. | clostridial myonecrosis (cm) is a rare, life threatening necrotizing infection of a skeletal muscle caused by clostridium perfringens in the majority of cases. the diagnosis may be difficult because of few diagnostic and cutaneous signs early in its course. standard therapy involves surgical debridements of a devitalized tissue and high-dose organism-specific antibiotic therapy. the hyperbaric oxygen has also showed its usefulness in the treatment of these infections. autograft systems as tissue ... | 2014 | 22973988 |
| comparing the identification of clostridium spp. by two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry platforms to 16s rrna pcr sequencing as a reference standard: a detailed analysis of age of culture and sample preparation. | we compared the identification of clostridium species using mass spectrometry by two different matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) platforms (bruker ms and vitek ms) against 16s rrna sequencing as the reference standard. we then examined the impact of different sample preparations and (on one of those platforms) age of bacterial colonial growth on the performance of the maldi-tof ms systems. we identified 10 different species amongst the 52 ... | 2014 | 25230331 |
| induction of potential protective immunity against enterotoxemia in calves by single or multiple recombinant clostridium perfringens toxoids. | cattle enterotoxemia caused by clostridium perfringens toxins is a noncontagious, sporadic, and fatal disease characterized by sudden death. strategies for controlling and preventing cattle enterotoxemia are based on systematic vaccination of herds with toxoids. because the process of producing conventional clostridial vaccines is dangerous, expensive, and time-consuming, the prospect of recombinant toxoid vaccines against diseases caused by c. perfringens toxins is promising. in this study, non ... | 2014 | 25197030 |
| differential responses of cecal microbiota to fishmeal, eimeria and clostridium perfringens in a necrotic enteritis challenge model in chickens. | clostridium perfringens causes enteric diseases in animals and humans. in poultry, avian-specific c. perfringens strains cause necrotic enteritis, an economically significant poultry disease that costs the global industry over $2 billion annually in losses and control measures. with removal of antibiotic growth promoters in some countries this disease appears to be on the rise. in experimental conditions used to study disease pathogenesis and potential control measures, reproduction of the disea ... | 2014 | 25167074 |
| a synthetic peptide corresponding to the extracellular loop 2 region of claudin-4 protects against clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in vitro and in vivo. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) action starts when the toxin binds to claudin receptors. claudins contain two extracellular loop domains, with the second loop (ecl-2) being slightly smaller than the first. cpe has been shown to bind to ecl-2 in receptor claudins. we recently demonstrated that caco-2 cells (a naturally cpe-sensitive enterocyte-like cell line) can be protected from cpe-induced cytotoxicity by preincubating the enterotoxin with soluble full-length recombinant claudin-4 (r ... | 2014 | 25156725 |
| [alpha and theta toxin clostridium perfringens infection complicated by septic shock and hemolysis]. | 2014 | 25154792 | |
| targeting tight junctions during epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human pancreatic cancer. | pancreatic cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and there is an urgent need to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to reduce the mortality of patients with this disease. in pancreatic cancer, some tight junction proteins, including claudins, are abnormally regulated and therefore are promising molecular targets for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. claudin-4 and -18 are overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions. claudin ... | 2014 | 25152584 |
| identification of a two-component signal transduction system that regulates maltose genes in clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive rod that is widely distributed in nature and is the etiological agent of several human and animal diseases. the complete genome sequence of c. perfringens strain 13 has been determined and multiple two-component signal transduction systems identified. one of these systems, designated here as the malno system, was analyzed in this study. microarray analysis was used to carry out functional analysis of a malo mutant. the results, which were confirmed by q ... | 2014 | 25152227 |
| lactose-inducible system for metabolic engineering of clostridium ljungdahlii. | the development of tools for genetic manipulation of clostridium ljungdahlii has increased its attractiveness as a chassis for autotrophic production of organic commodities and biofuels from syngas and microbial electrosynthesis and established it as a model organism for the study of the basic physiology of acetogenesis. in an attempt to expand the genetic toolbox for c. ljungdahlii, the possibility of adapting a lactose-inducible system for gene expression, previously reported for clostridium p ... | 2014 | 24509933 |
| influence of the gut microbiota on blood acute-phase proteins. | little is known about the bovine intestinal microbiota influence on systemic innate immune responses. the objective of the present study was to determine relationships between acute-phase proteins in blood serum of cows [c-reactive protein (crp), lps-binding protein (lbp) and haptoglobin (hp)] and the faecal microbiota. fifty-two healthy cows (2-8 years old) were investigated. faecal bacteria were determent characterized by in situ hybridization with 16s/23s rrna-targeted probes and by conventio ... | 2014 | 24498969 |
| temporary feed restriction partially protects broilers from necrotic enteritis. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feed restriction on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. to induce subclinical necrotic enteritis, an experimental challenge model using a specific diet formulation, gumboro vaccination, oral inoculation of broilers with a 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of clostridium perfringens was adopted. two hun ... | 2014 | 24498863 |
| clostridium perfringens strains from bovine enterotoxemia cases are not superior in in vitro production of alpha toxin, perfringolysin o and proteolytic enzymes. | bovine enterotoxemia is a major cause of mortality in veal calves. predominantly veal calves of beef cattle breeds are affected and losses due to enterotoxemia may account for up to 20% of total mortality. clostridium perfringens type a is considered to be the causative agent. recently, alpha toxin and perfringolysin o have been proposed to play an essential role in the development of disease. however, other potential virulence factors also may play a role in the pathogenesis of bovine enterotox ... | 2014 | 24479821 |
| clostridium perfringens phospholipase c induced ros production and cytotoxicity require pkc, mek1 and nfκb activation. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cpplc), also called α-toxin, is the most toxic extracellular enzyme produced by this bacteria and is essential for virulence in gas gangrene. at lytic concentrations, cpplc causes membrane disruption, whereas at sublytic concentrations this toxin causes oxidative stress and activates the mek/erk pathway, which contributes to its cytotoxic and myotoxic effects. in the present work, the role of pkc, erk 1/2 and nfκb signalling pathways in ros generation ind ... | 2014 | 24466113 |
| intravascular haemolysis secondary to clostridium perfringens in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | 2014 | 24446867 | |
| distribution of clostridium perfringens isolates from piglets in south korea. | clostridium perfringens causes various digestive system disease symptoms in pigs. in the present study, 11 c. perfringens isolates were obtained from diarrheic piglets and 18 from healthy piglets. all of the c. perfringens isolates were shown to be type a using a multiplex pcr assay. the β2 toxin gene was detected in 27/29 c. perfringens isolates, i.e., 81% (9/11) of diarrheic piglets and 100% (18/18) of healthy piglets, and all of the genes had the same sequence. in conclusion, the β2 toxin gen ... | 2014 | 24430655 |
| white-rot fungal pretreatment of wheat straw with phanerochaete chrysosporium for biohydrogen production: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. | this paper demonstrates biohydrogen production was enhanced by white-rot fungal pretreatment of wheat straw (ws) through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf). wheat straw was pretreated by phanerochaete chrysosporium at 30 °c under solid state fermentation for 12 days, and lignin was removed about 28.5 ± 1.3 %. microscopic structure observation combined thermal gravity and differential thermal gravity analysis further showed that the lignocellulose structure obviously disrupted a ... | 2014 | 24429553 |
| application of lactobacillus johnsonii expressing phage endolysin for control of clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is frequently found in food and the environment and produces potent toxins that have a negative impact on both human and animal health and particularly on the poultry industry. lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, isolated from the chicken gastrointestinal tract, has been demonstrated to exclude cl. perfringens in poultry. we have investigated the interaction of wild-type lact. johnsonii fi9785 or an engineered strain expressing a cell wall-hydrolysing endolysin with cl. perfr ... | 2014 | 24961379 |
| m cell-targeting strategy facilitates mucosal immune response and enhances protection against cvb3-induced viral myocarditis elicited by chitosan-dna vaccine. | efficient delivery of antigen to mucosal associated lymphoid tissue is a first and critical step for successful induction of mucosal immunity by vaccines. considering its potential transcytotic capability, m cell has become a more and more attractive target for mucosal vaccines. in this research, we designed an m cell-targeting strategy by which mucosal delivery system chitosan (cs) was endowed with m cell-targeting ability via conjugating with a cpe30 peptide, c terminal 30 amino acids of clost ... | 2014 | 24958702 |
| clostridial pore-forming toxins: powerful virulence factors. | pore formation is a common mechanism of action for many bacterial toxins. more than one third of clostridial toxins are pore-forming toxins (pfts) belonging to the β-pft class. they are secreted as soluble monomers rich in β-strands, which recognize a specific receptor on target cells and assemble in oligomers. then, they undergo a conformational change leading to the formation of a β-barrel, which inserts into the lipid bilayer forming functional pore. according to their structure, clostridial ... | 2014 | 24952276 |
| a claudin 3 and claudin 4-targeted clostridium perfringens protoxin is selectively cytotoxic to psa-producing prostate cancer cells. | prostate cancer is the second leading cause of non-cutaneous cancer-related death in males, and effective strategies for treatment of metastatic disease are currently limited. the tight junction proteins, claudin 3 and claudin 4, serve as cell-surface receptors for the pore-forming clostridium perfringens enterotoxin [cpe]. most prostate cancer cells overexpress claudin 3 and claudin 4, and claudins are aberrantly distributed over the plasma membrane, making these cells particularly sensitive to ... | 2014 | 24952257 |
| prevention and treatment of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin intoxication in mice with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (c4d7) produced in nicotiana benthamiana. | epsilon toxin (etx), produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, is among the most lethal toxins known. etx is a potential bioterrorism threat that was listed as a category b agent by the u.s. centers for disease control until 2012 and it still remains a toxin of interest for several government agencies. we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) against etx (etx mab c4d7) in nicotiana benthamiana and characterized its preventive and therapeutic efficacy in mice. the etx preparation used was ... | 2014 | 24950050 |
| infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations. | animal hoarders accumulate animals in over-crowded conditions without adequate nutrition, sanitation, and veterinary care. as a result, animals rescued from hoarding frequently have a variety of medical conditions including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disease, parasitism, malnutrition, and other evidence of neglect. the purpose of this study was to characterize the infectious diseases carried by clinically affected cats and to determine the prevalence of retroviral infections among ... | 2014 | 24934262 |
| survival of salmonella spp. and fecal indicator bacteria in vietnamese biogas digesters receiving pig slurry. | small-scale biogas digesters are widely promoted worldwide as a sustainable technology to manage livestock manure. in vietnam, pig slurry is commonly applied to biogas digesters for production of gas for electricity and cooking with the effluent being used to fertilize field crops, vegetables and fish ponds. slurry may contain a variety of zoonotic pathogens, e.g. salmonella spp., which are able to cause disease in humans either through direct contact with slurry or by fecal contamination of wat ... | 2014 | 24933419 |
| differential regulation of microrna transcriptome in chicken lines resistant and susceptible to necrotic enteritis disease. | necrotic enteritis (ne) is a re-emerging disease as a result of increased restriction on the use of antibiotics in poultry. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ne are unclear. small rna transcriptome analysis was performed using spleen and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) from 2 inbred chicken lines selected for resistance or susceptibility to marek's disease (md) in an experimentally induced model of avian ne to investigate whether microrna (mirna) contr ... | 2014 | 24879688 |
| effects of long-term heat stress in an experimental model of avian necrotic enteritis. | stressful conditions are predisposing factors for disease development. heat stress is one of the most important stressors in poultry production. the reemergence of some previously controlled diseases [e.g., avian necrotic enteritis (ne)] has been extensively reported. the combination of bacterial infection and certain environmental factors have been reported to trigger the disease. the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of long-term heat stress (35 ± 1°c) on the development of ne in br ... | 2014 | 24879684 |
| investigating an outbreak of clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis in a school using smartphone technology, london, march 2013. | on 22 march 2013, 150 of 1,255 students (13–17 years) and staff at a school in london reported gastrointestinal symptoms; onset peaked 8 to 12 hours after a lunch served in the school on 21 march. we performed a retrospective cohort study of all students and staff. we defined cases as school attenders on 20 and 21 march with onset of gastrointestinal symptoms between 20 and 23 march. we tested food, environmental and stool samples of cases for common pathogens and bacterial toxins. we administer ... | 2014 | 24852955 |
| porcine group a rotaviruses with heterogeneous vp7 and vp4 genotype combinations can be found together with enteric bacteria on belgian swine farms. | group a rotaviruses (rva) are an important cause of diarrhea in young piglets, resulting in significant economic losses. however, the role of rva in the etiology of piglet diarrhea on belgian swine farms was previously unreported. in the present study, different techniques, including fast antigen detection tests, virus isolation, rt-pcr and rt-qpcr have been applied for detection of rva in diarrheic (n=28) and asymptomatic (n=6) fecal samples collected on belgian pig farms. rt-qpcr was shown to ... | 2014 | 24837191 |
| evaluation of clostridium perfringens as a tracer of sewage contamination in sediments by two enumeration methods. | a traditional method of enumerating clostridium perfringens using membrane filtration (mf) as an indicator of fecal contamination was compared to recently developed rapid method using rapid fung double tube (rfdt) in an evaluation to characterize the extent of sewage contamination in sediments of the great lakes. evaluation of these two methods included determining c. perfringens concentrations and recovery efficiencies from sewage, sewage-spiked sediments, and water (surface and bottom) and sed ... | 2014 | 24833022 |
| development of a flow cytometric bead immunoassay and its assessment as a possible aid to potency evaluation of enterotoxaemia vaccines. | enterotoxaemia, an economically important disease of sheep, goats and calves, is caused by systemic effects of the epsilon toxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium clostridium perfringens type d. the only practical means of controlling the occurrence of enterotoxaemia is to immunise animals by vaccination. the vaccine is prepared by deriving a toxoid from the bacterial culture filtrate and the potency of the vaccine is tested with the in vivo mouse neutralisation test (mnt). due to ethical, eco ... | 2014 | 24832497 |
| clostridium perfringens surgical site infection after osteotomy for knee deformity correction in a non-immunocompromised child. | clostridium perfringens myonecrosis following an elective surgical procedure in a previously healthy child is a rare incident. | 2014 | 24828080 |
| structural basis of sialidase in complex with geranylated flavonoids as potent natural inhibitors. | sialidase catalyzes the removal of a terminal sialic acid from glycoconjugates and plays a pivotal role in nutrition, cellular interactions and pathogenesis mediating various infectious diseases including cholera, influenza and sepsis. an array of antiviral sialidase agents have been developed and are commercially available, such as zanamivir and oseltamivir for treating influenza. however, the development of bacterial sialidase inhibitors has been much less successful. here, natural polyphenoli ... | 2014 | 24816104 |
| effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, and resistance to bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections: a review. | melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger. its other physiological or pharmacological activities could be dependent or independent of receptors located in different cells, organs, and tissues. in addition to its role in promoting sleep and circadian rhythms regulation, it has important immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects suggesting that this indole must be considered as a therapeutic alternative against inf ... | 2014 | 24811367 |
| perfringolysin o structure and mechanism of pore formation as a paradigm for cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. | cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) constitute a family of pore forming toxins secreted by gram-positive bacteria. these toxins form transmembrane pores by inserting a large β-barrel into cholesterol-containing membrane bilayers. binding of water-soluble cdcs to the membrane triggers the formation of oligomers containing 35-50 monomers. the coordinated insertion of more than seventy β-hairpins into the membrane requires multiple structural conformational changes. perfringolysin o (pfo), secr ... | 2014 | 24798008 |
| effects of in ovo injection with selenium on immune and antioxidant responses during experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. | this study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of se on modulating the immune system and antioxidant responses in broiler chickens with experimental necrotic enteritis. broiler eggs were injected at 18 d of embryo age with either 100 μl of pbs alone or sodium selenite (na2seo3) in pbs, providing 0 (ss0), 10 (ss10), or 20 (ss20) μg of se/egg. at 14 d posthatch, pbs-treated and uninfected chickens were kept as the control group, whereas the remaining chickens were orally i ... | 2014 | 24795303 |
| analysis of genetic similarities between clostridium perfringens isolates isolated from patients with gas gangrene and from hospital environment conducted with the use of the pfge method. | the objective of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of genetic similarity, with the use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), of clostridium perfringens isolates originating from patients with gas gangrene and from the hospital environment. the study encompassed two patients with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of gas gangrene, who were hospitalized in one of the hospitals of the małopolska province in the time period between 31st march 2012 and 18th may 2012. clostri ... | 2014 | 24791817 |
| structure and stability of an azoreductase with an fad cofactor from the strict anaerobe clostridium perfringens. | azoreductase enzymes present in many microorganisms exhibit the ability to reduce azo dyes, an abundant industrial pollutant, to produce carcinogenic metabolites that threaten human health. all biochemically-characterized azoreductases, around 30 to date, have been isolated from aerobic bacteria, except for azoc, the azoreductase of clostridium perfringens, which is from a strictly anaerobic bacterium. azoc is a recently biochemically-characterized azoreductase. the lack of structural informatio ... | 2014 | 24779771 |
| pathogen exclusion properties of canine probiotics are influenced by the growth media and physical treatments simulating industrial processes. | manufacturing process used in preparation of probiotic products may alter beneficial properties of probiotics. the effect of different growth media and inactivation methods on the protective properties of canine-originated probiotic bacteria against adhesion of canine enteropathogens was investigated. | 2014 | 24779583 |
| synergistic effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and beta toxin in rabbit small intestinal loops. | the ability of clostridium perfringens type c to cause human enteritis necroticans (en) is attributed to beta toxin (cpb). however, many en strains also express c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), suggesting that cpe could be another contributor to en. supporting this possibility, lysate supernatants from modified duncan-strong sporulation (mds) medium cultures of three cpe-positive type c en strains caused enteropathogenic effects in rabbit small intestinal loops, which is significant since cpe i ... | 2014 | 24778117 |
| beta2 toxin is not involved in in vitro cell cytotoxicity caused by human and porcine cpb2-harbouring clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a common cause of intestinal disease in animals and humans. its pathogenicity is attributed to the toxins it can produce, including the beta2 toxin. the presence of cpb2, the gene encoding the beta2 toxin, has been associated with diarrhoea in neonatal piglets and humans. however, the exact role of the beta2 toxin in the development of diarrhoea is still unknown. in this study we investigated the level of cytotoxicity to porcine ipi-21 and human caco-2 cell-lines cause ... | 2014 | 24768003 |
| towards an understanding of the role of clostridium perfringens toxins in human and animal disease. | clostridium perfringens uses its arsenal of >16 toxins to cause histotoxic and intestinal infections in humans and animals. it has been unclear why this bacterium produces so many different toxins, especially since many target the plasma membrane of host cells. however, it is now established that c. perfringens uses chromosomally encoded alpha toxin (a phospholipase c) and perfringolysin o (a pore-forming toxin) during histotoxic infections. in contrast, this bacterium causes intestinal disease ... | 2014 | 24762309 |
| hepatic emphysema associated with ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in a dog. | an eleven-year-old chinese crested powder puff dog presented with polydipsia/polyuria, inappetence, diarrhea and vomiting underwent an ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy. two days post-biopsy the clinical condition of the dog acutely deteriorated with fever, dyspnea, ataxia and subcutaneous emphysema. radiographs and ultrasound showed focal severe hepatic emphysema in the region of the previous liver biopsy. post-mortem examination revealed chronic hepatitis with dissecting fibrosis, ac ... | 2014 | 24758285 |
| gas-forming liver abscess associated with rapid hemolysis in a diabetic patient. | we experienced a case of liver abscess due to clostridium perfringens (cp) complicated with massive hemolysis and rapid death in an adequately controlled type 2 diabetic patient. the patient died 6 h after his first visit to the hospital. cp was later detected in a blood culture. we searched for case reports of cp septicemia and found 124 cases. fifty patients survived, and 74 died. of the 30 patients with liver abscess, only 3 cases survived following treatment with emergency surgical drainage. ... | 2014 | 24748935 |
| hypermotility in clostridium perfringens strain sm101 is due to spontaneous mutations in genes linked to cell division. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobic pathogen of humans and animals. although they lack flagella, c. perfringens bacteria can still migrate across surfaces using a type of gliding motility that involves the formation of filaments of bacteria lined up in an end-to-end conformation. in strain sm101, hypermotile variants are often found arising from the edges of colonies on agar plates. hypermotile cells are longer than wild-type cells, and video microscopy of their gliding motility ... | 2014 | 24748614 |
| the impact of major earthquakes and subsequent sewage discharges on the microbial quality of water and sediments in an urban river. | a series of large earthquakes struck the city of christchurch, new zealand in 2010-2011. major damage sustained by the sewerage infrastructure required direct discharge of up to 38,000 m(3)/day of raw sewage into the avon river of christchurch for approximately six months. this allowed evaluation of the relationship between concentrations of indicator microorganisms (escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens and f-rna phage) and pathogens (campylobacter, giardia and cryptosporidium) in recreatio ... | 2014 | 24747258 |
| 'core species' in three sources of indoor air belonging to the human micro-environment to the exclusion of outdoor air. | although we spend the majority of our lives indoors, the airborne microbial content of enclosed spaces still remains inadequately described. the objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial diversity of indoor air in three different enclosed spaces with three levels of occupancy, and, in particular, to highlight the 'core' species, the opportunistic pathogens and their origins. our findings provide an overall description of bacterial diversity in these indoor environments. data gath ... | 2014 | 24747243 |
| retinal microvascular damage and vasogenic edema produced by clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin in rats. | when the brain is exposed to large circulating levels of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin (ext), microvascular damage with resulting severe, generalized, vasogenic edema seems to be principally responsible for the ensuing acute, and frequently fatal, neurologic disorder. however, although the blood-retinal barrier resembles in many respects the blood-brain barrier, retinal changes in livestock with acute epsilon intoxication have not, to the authors' knowledge, been previously report ... | 2014 | 24741023 |
| liver abscess caused by clostridium perfringens. | 2014 | 24739619 | |
| microbiological and chemical evaluation of helix spp. snails from local and non-eu markets, utilised as food in sardinia. | with this study, 28 pools of snails of the genus helix, respectively helix aspersa (n=24) and helix vermiculata (n=4) were analysed. they were taken from snail farming and stores. the snails were from sardinia, other regions of italy, and from abroad. all the samples were examined as pool looking for these microbiological target: salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157, clostridium perfringens, norovirus and hepatitis a virus (hav). in the same pools, the concentration of ... | 2014 | 27800346 |
| haemorhagic enterotoxemia by clostridium perfringens type c and type a in silver foxes. | type c and type a of c. perfringens were detected in the seat of natural infections in silver foxes characterized by symptoms of haemorrhagic enterotoxemia. in all of the dead foxes characteristic changes were noted in the small intestine and parenchymatous organs. the production of alpha and beta toxins by isolated bacteria was confirmed by the bioassay using white mice and by pcr. the results of the drug sensitivity testing showed that isolated strains were highly susceptible to amoxicillin wi ... | 2014 | 24724490 |
| complication of invasive molar pregnancy with clostridium perfringens sepsis. | clostridium perfringens (cp) is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus associated with malignant diseases and near-term pregnancies. the necrotic tissue that results from these disease processes fuels the proliferation of cp, leading to gas gangrene and subsequently sepsis. herein, we report a case of a 41-year-old female patient with a history of invasive molar pregnancy that was further complicated with a cp infection. although past research has shown a link between clostridium infection and cho ... | 2014 | 24716030 |
| necrotic enteritis in chickens: development of a straightforward disease model system. | the interaction between eimeria species and clostridium perfringens was investigated in two different necrotic enteritis (ne) models: 120-day-old broilers were used in two separate experiments consisting of six groups (n=10) each. besides controls, chickens were infected with coccidia on study day (sd) 18 (eimeria maxima and eimeria acervulina (experiment 1) or eimeria tenella and eimeria brunetti (experiment 2) and/or a netb toxin positive c perfringens strain (both experiments: sd 14 or sd 22, ... | 2014 | 24714053 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin mutant y30a-y196a as a recombinant vaccine candidate against enterotoxemia. | epsilon toxin (etx) is a β-pore-forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens toxinotypes b and d and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of enterotoxemia, a severe, often fatal disease of ruminants that causes significant economic losses to the farming industry worldwide. this study aimed to determine the potential of a site-directed mutant of etx (y30a-y196a) to be exploited as a recombinant vaccine against enterotoxemia. replacement of y30 and y196 with alanine generated a stable variant ... | 2014 | 24709588 |
| perfrin, a novel bacteriocin associated with netb positive clostridium perfringens strains from broilers with necrotic enteritis. | necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens is associated with netb positive clostridium perfringens type a strains. it is known that c. perfringens strains isolated from outbreaks of necrotic enteritis are more capable of secreting factors inhibiting growth of other c. perfringens strains than strains isolated from the gut of healthy chickens. this characteristic could lead to extensive and selective presence of a strain that contains the genetic make-up enabling to secrete toxins that cause gut les ... | 2014 | 24708344 |
| heterologous protection against alpha toxins of clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus induced by binding domain recombinant chimeric protein. | clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus are the two important bacteria frequently associated with majority of the soft tissue infections. the severity and progression of the diseases caused by these pathogens are attributed primarily to the alpha toxins they produce. previously, we synthesized a non-toxic chimeric molecule r-αcs encompassing the binding domains of c. perfringens and s. aureus alpha toxins and demonstrated that the r-αcs hyperimmune polysera reacts with both the native ... | 2014 | 24699467 |
| [spondylodiscitis due to clostridium perfringens]. | 2014 | 24684888 | |
| clostridium perfringens challenge and dietary fat type affect broiler chicken performance and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract. | the aim of the present work was to examine how different fats commonly used in the feed industry affect broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and microbial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens challenged with virulent clostridium perfringens strains. two experiments were carried out, each including 480-day-old male broilers (ross 308), which were randomly distributed to eight experimental groups using six replicate pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. in exper ... | 2014 | 24674938 |
| x-ray structure of a novel endolysin encoded by episomal phage phism101 of clostridium perfringens. | gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall composed of a mesh polymer of peptidoglycans, which provides physical protection. endolysins encoded by phages infecting bacteria can hydrolyse peptidoglycans in the bacterial cell wall, killing the host bacteria immediately. the endolysin (psm) encoded by episomal phage phism101 of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a strain sm101 exhibits potent lytic activity towards most strains of clostridium perfringens. psm has an n-terminal catal ... | 2014 | 24674022 |
| bec, a novel enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens found in human clinical isolates from acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. | clostridium perfringens is a causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis for which c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) has been considered an essential factor. recently, we experienced two outbreaks of food-borne gastroenteritis in which non-cpe producers of c. perfringens were strongly suspected to be the cause. here, we report a novel enterotoxin produced by c. perfringens isolates, bec (binary enterotoxin of c. perfringens). culture supernatants of the c. perfringens strains showed fluid-accum ... | 2014 | 24664508 |
| empathy dolls: are they a source of cross-contamination between patients? | following a cluster of two patients with identical strains of clostridium perfringens prosthetic joint infections on an ortho-geriatric ward in a teaching hospital in england, investigations were conducted into infection control practices. it emerged that empathy dolls were being used to help alleviate agitation in dementia patients; this had been introduced without consultation with the infection prevention and control team. environmental testing of the doll pre and post laundry at different te ... | 2014 | 24661788 |
| molecular analysis of infant fecal microbiota in an asian at-risk cohort-correlates with infant and childhood eczema. | studies have suggested that selective microbial targets prevail in the fecal microbiota of infants with eczema. this study evaluated the composition of fecal microbiota of infants who developed eczema in the first 5 years of life and compared these with those of healthy controls. | 2014 | 24650346 |
| clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin damages the rabbit colon. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin causes the gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms of c. perfringens type a food poisoning and cpe-associated non-food-borne human gi diseases. it is well established that cpe induces fluid accumulation and severe tissue damage in ligated small intestinal loops of rabbits and other animals. however, a previous study had also reported that cpe binds to rabbit colonic cells yet does not significantly affect rabbit colonic loops. to the contrary, the current study determi ... | 2014 | 24643537 |
| membrane vesicles of clostridium perfringens type a strains induce innate and adaptive immunity. | vesicle shedding from bacteria is a universal process in most gram-negative bacteria and a few gram-positive bacteria. in this report, we isolate extracellular membrane vesicles (mvs) from the supernatants of gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens). we demonstrated vesicle production in a variety of virulent and nonvirulent type a strains. mvs did not contain alpha-toxin and netb toxin demonstrated by negative reaction to specific antibody and absence of specific proteins ... | 2014 | 24631214 |
| modulation of micrornas in two genetically disparate chicken lines showing different necrotic enteritis disease susceptibility. | micrornas (mirna) play a critical role in post-transcriptional regulation by influencing the 3'-utr of target genes. using two inbred white leghorn chicken lines, line 6.3 and line 7.2 showing marek's disease-resistant and -susceptible phenotypes, respectively, we used small rna high-throughput sequencing (hts) to investigate whether mirnas are differently expressed in these two chicken lines after inducing necrotic enteritis (ne). the 12 mirnas, selected from the most down-regulated or up-regul ... | 2014 | 24629767 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization investigation of potentially pathogenic bacteria involved in neonatal porcine diarrhea. | neonatal diarrhea is a multifactorial condition commonly present on pig farms and leads to economic losses due to increased morbidity and mortality of piglets. immature immune system and lack of fully established microbiota at birth predispose neonatal piglets to infection with enteric pathogens. the microorganisms that for decades have been associated with enteritis and diarrhea in suckling piglets are: rotavirus a, coronavirus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), clostridium perfringens t ... | 2014 | 24628856 |
| identification of a key residue for oligomerisation and pore-formation of clostridium perfringens netb. | necrotic enteritis toxin b (netb) is a β-pore-forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens and has been identified as a key virulence factor in the pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis, a disease causing significant economic damage to the poultry industry worldwide. in this study, site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify amino acids that play a role in netb oligomerisation and pore-formation. netb k41h showed significantly reduced toxicity towards lmh cells and human red blood cel ... | 2014 | 24625763 |
| draft genome sequence of clostridium perfringens strain jjc, a highly efficient hydrogen producer isolated from landfill leachate sludge. | clostridium perfringens strain jjc is an effective biohydrogen and biochemical producer that was isolated from landfill leachate sludge. here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the gene interactions involved in efficient biohydrogen production. | 2014 | 24604637 |