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chromosomally and extrachromosomally mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in streptococcus agalactiae.streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) is a leading cause of sepsis in neonates. the rate of invasive gbs disease in nonpregnant adults also continues to climb. aminoglycosides alone have little or no effect on gbs, but synergistic killing with penicillin has been shown in vitro. high-level gentamicin resistance (hlgr) in gbs isolates, however, leads to the loss of a synergistic effect. we therefore performed a multicenter study to determine the frequency of hlgr gbs isolates and ...201626729498
antibiotic susceptibility profiles of dairy leuconostoc, analysis of the genetic basis of atypical resistances and transfer of genes in vitro and in a food matrix.in spite of a global concern on the transfer of antibiotic resistances (ar) via the food chain, limited information exists on this issue in species of leuconostoc and weissella, adjunct cultures used as aroma producers in fermented foods. in this work, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for 16 antibiotics in 34 strains of dairy origin, belonging to leuconostoc mesenteroides (18), leuconostoc citreum (11), leuconostoc lactis (2), weissella hellenica (2), and leuconostoc carnosum ...201626726815
gentamicin induces efaa expression and biofilm formation in enterococcus faecalis.enterococci have been ranked among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infection. this study aimed to investigate the effect of ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and ceftizoxime on biofilm formation and gene expression of colonization factors on enterococcus faecalis. twelve clinical isolates of e. faecalis were used to investigate the effect of antibiotics on biofilm formation and gene expression of efaa, asa1, ebpa, esp and ace. flow system assay and microtiter plate ...201626724739
effectiveness of edta and modified salt solution to detach and kill cells from enterococcus faecalis biofilm.disruption of the matrix of endodontic biofilms will aid in their removal from a root canal. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of edta and a modified salt solution (mss) to detach bacteria from biofilms.201626723483
first identification of tn916-like element in industrial strains of lactobacillus vini that spread the tet-m resistance gene.the open process used to ferment sugar cane juice or molasses to produce ethanol fuel is prone to contamination by bacterial cells of different species, in particular lactobacilli. the situation can be exacerbated by the emergence of resistant cells to industrial antibiotics that are normally used to combat this contamination. in this work, two lactobacillus vini isolates from ethanol distilleries were identified and found to be resistant to doxycycline, a tetracycline derivative, although sensi ...201626722009
discordance between perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and wound infection cultures in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.wound infections after pancreaticoduodenectomy (pd) are common. the standard antibiotic prophylaxis given to prevent the infections is often a cephalosporin. however, this decision is rarely guided by microbiology data pertinent to pd, particularly in patients with biliary stents.201626720272
synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aminobenzothiazole and benzimidazole analogs based on the clathrodin structure.a series of 2-aminobenzothiazole and benzimidazole analogs based on the clathrodin scaffold was synthesized and investigated for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities as well as for their effects in hepatitis c virus (hcv) replicon model. compound 7, derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole, exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity only against the gram-positive bacterium, enterococcus faecalis. in the antiviral assay, compounds 4d and 7 were found to suppress the hcv replicon by >70%, ...201626709468
human health risks associated with antimicrobial-resistant enterococci and staphylococcus aureus on poultry meat.enterococci and staphylococci are frequent contaminants on poultry meat. enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium and staphylococcus aureus are also well-known aetiological agents of a wide variety of infections resulting in major healthcare costs. this review provides an overview of the human health risks associated with the occurrence of these opportunistic human pathogens on poultry meat with particular focus on the risk of food-borne transmission of antimicrobial resistance. in the absenc ...201626706616
the bactericidal effect of 2780 and 940 nm laser irradiation on enterococcus faecalis in bovine root dentin slices of different thicknesses.the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of the dual wavelength (2780 nm er,cr:ysgg and 940 nm diode) laser in elimination of enterococcus faecalis in comparison with a 2780 nm er,cr:ysgg laser alone.201626685038
tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium is mediated by an upregulation of plasmid-encoded tetracycline determinants tet(l) and tet(m).tigecycline represents one of the last-line therapeutics to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, including vre and mrsa. the german national reference centre for staphylococci and enterococci has received 73 tigecycline-resistant enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis isolates in recent years. the precise mechanism of how enterococci become resistant to tigecycline remains undetermined. this study documents an analysis of the role of efflux pumps in tigecycline resistance in c ...201626682961
microbial evolution of traditional mountain cheese and characterization of early fermentation cocci for selection of autochtonous dairy starter strains.the microbial population of traditional mountain (tm) cheese was investigated and characterized for the selection of cocci suitable for developing new starter cultures. samples of milk, curd and cheese at different ripening times were enumerated in selective culture media and 640 colonies were isolated from curd and cheese after 24 h of ripening. the lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from m17 were clustered into 231 biotypes by rapd-pcr analysis and identified as lactococcus lactis, streptococ ...201626678135
control of shigatoxin-producing escherichia coli in cheese by dairy bacterial strains.bio-preservation could be a valuable way to control shigatoxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in cheese. to this end, 41 strains were screened for their inhibitory potential on model cheese curd and on pasteurized and raw milk uncooked pressed cheeses. strains of lactococcus lactis, lactococcus garvieae, leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, leuconostoc citreum, lactobacillus sp, carnobacterium mobile, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, macrococcus caseolyticus and hafnia alvei reduced s ...201626678131
substantivity of ag-ca-si mesoporous nanoparticles on dentin and its ability to inhibit enterococcus faecalis.the main purpose of this study was to investigate the substantivity of ag-ca-si mesoporous nanoparticles (ag-mcsns) on dentin and its residual antibacterial effects against enterococcus faecalis. ag-mcsns were fabricated and characterized, ion release profile and ph were tested, and the ability to inhibit planktonic e. faecalis as well as the cytotoxicity was evaluated. dentin slices were medicated with ca(oh)2 paste, 2 % chlorhexidine gel and ag-mcsns paste for 7 days and then irrigated. dentin ...201626676862
to comparatively evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine, nisin and linezolid as an intracanal medicament on enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study.the present study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine, nisin and linezolid and a control group (normal saline ) against enterococcus faecalis (ef).201626888241
cleistochlamys kirkii chemical constituents: antibacterial activity and synergistic effects against resistant staphylococcus aureus strains.cleistochlamys kirkii (benth) oliv., (annonaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in mozambique to treat infectious diseases.201626674158
effects of salinity and temperature on inactivation and repair potential of enterococcus faecalis following medium- and low-pressure ultraviolet irradiation.to investigate the medium-pressure (mp) and low-pressure (lp) ultraviolet (uv) susceptibility and the repair potential of enterococcus faecalis (dsm 20478) after uv treatment.201626669257
reduction of viable enterococcus faecalis in human radicular dentin treated with 1% cetrimide and conventional intracanal medicaments.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of e. faecalis after a 14-day exposure to 1% cetrimide (cet), triantibiotic paste (i.e., metronidazole, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin), 2% chlorhexidine (chx) gel, and calcium hydroxide (ca[oh]2 ) in an infected dentine model.201626666992
the opportunistic pathogen enterococcus faecalis resists phagosome acidification and autophagy to promote intracellular survival in macrophages.while many strains of enterococcus faecalis have been reported to be capable of surviving within macrophages for extended periods, the exact mechanisms involved are largely unknown. in this study, we found that after phagocytosis by macrophages, enterococci-containing vacuoles resist acidification, and e. faecalis is resistant to low ph. ultrastructural examination of the enterococci-containing vacuole by transmission electron microscopy revealed a single membrane envelope, with no evidence of t ...201626663775
gram-positive cocci in dutch icus with and without selective decontamination of the oropharyngeal and digestive tract: a retrospective database analysis.the objective of this study was to determine time trends in the rate of gram-positive cocci in 42 dutch icus that continuously used or did not use selective oropharyngeal decontamination (sod) or selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) and icus that introduced sod/sdd.201626661393
antibacterial effect of hydroalcoholic extract of punica granatum linn. petal on common oral microorganisms.objectives. this study aimed to assess the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of punica granatum linn. (p. granatum) petal on streptococcus sanguinis, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sobrinus, and enterococcus faecalis. materials and methods. in this in vitro study, p. granatum extract was prepared using powdered petals and water-ethanol solvent. antibacterial effect of the extract, chlorhexidine (chx), and ampicillin was evaluated on brain heart infusion agar (bhia) ...201626884763
functional dissection of the crors two-component system required for resistance to cell wall stressors in enterococcus faecalis.bacteria use two-component signal transduction systems (tcss) to sense and respond to environmental changes via a conserved phosphorelay between a sensor histidine kinase and its cognate response regulator. the opportunistic pathogen enterococcus faecalis utilizes a tcs comprised of the histidine kinase cros and the response regulator cror to mediate resistance to cell wall stresses such as cephalosporin antibiotics, but the molecular details by which crors promotes cephalosporin resistance have ...201626883822
bacteriospermia and its impact on basic semen parameters among infertile men.introduction. semen analysis is considered as the surrogate marker for male fecundity while assessing infertile men. there are several reasons for altered semen quality and bacteriospermia could be one among them. thereby the aim of our work is to study the semen culture and its impact on semen parameters among infertile men. materials and methods. semen samples were collected from men attending infertility clinic. semen parameters were analysed based on who guidelines. also, samples were subjec ...201626880908
electrochemical disinfection of simulated ballast water on pbo2/graphite felt electrode.a novel pbo2/graphite felt electrode was constructed by electrochemical deposition of pbo2 on graphite felt and characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (xrd) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) analysis. the prepared electrode is a viable technology for inactivation of escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, and artemia salina as indicator organisms in simulated ballast water treatment, which meets the international maritime organization (imo) regulation d-2. the effects of contact time an ...201626880130
isoflavone metabolism by a collection of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria with biotechnological interest.almost all soy isoflavones exist as glycosides, daidzin, genistin, and glycitin. we analyzed the capacity of 92 strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and bifidobacteria with biotechnological interest to process the glycosylated isoflavones daidzin, genistin, and glycitin in their more bioavailable aglycones and their metabolites as dihydrodaidzein (dhd), o-desmethylangolensin, and equol. representative strains of the four genera studied lactobacillus, enterococcus, lactococcus, and bifidobacteri ...201626878882
deletion of fabn in enterococcus faecalis results in unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophy and decreased release of inflammatory cytokines.the gram-positive bacterium enterococcus faecalis can cause life-threatening infections and is resistant to several commonly used antibiotics. the type ii fatty acid pathway in bacteria is discussed as a potential target for antimicrobial therapy. however, it was shown that inhibition or deletion of its enzymes can be rescued in gram-positive bacteria by supplementation with fatty acids. here we show that by deletion of the fabn gene, which is essential for unsaturated fatty acid (ufa) synthesis ...201627009913
thymidylate limitation potentiates cephalosporin activity toward enterococci via an exopolysaccharide-based mechanism.multidrug resistant enterococci are major causes of nosocomial infections. prior therapy with cephalosporins increases the risk of developing an enterococcal infection due to the intrinsic resistance of enterococci to these antibiotics. while progress has been made toward understanding the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of cephalosporin resistance, available data indicate that as-yet-unidentified resistance factors must exist. here, we describe results of a screen to identify small molecules ...201627008338
enterococcus faecium small colony variant endocarditis in an immunocompetent patient.small colony variants (scv) are slow-growing subpopulations of bacteria usually associated with auxotrophism, causing persistent or recurrent infections. enterococcus faecalis scv have been seldom described, and only one case of enterococcus faecium scv has been reported, associated with sepsis in a leukaemia patient. here we report the first case described of bacteraemia and endocarditis by scv e. faecium in an immunocompetent patient.201626862434
antibiofilm efficacy of honey and bee-derived defensin-1 on multi-species wound biofilm.many clinically relevant biofilms are polymicrobial. examining the effect of antimicrobials in a multi-species biofilm consortium is of great clinical importance. the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of different honey types against bacterial wound pathogens grown in multi-species biofilm and to test the antibiofilm activity of honey defensin-1 in its recombinant form. modified lubbock chronic wound biofilm formed by four bacterial species (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus ag ...201626861950
field study on evaluation of the efficacy and usability of two disinfectants for drinking water treatment at small cattle breeders and dairy cattle farms.the hygienic quality of drinking water for cattle originated from different sources together with the efficacy and usability of two types of disinfectants against waterborne pathogens were assessed for small cattle breeders and dairy cattle farms. a total of 120 drinking water samples were collected from water troughs representing three different water sources commonly used for cattle drinking (tap, underground and surface water; n = 65, 25, and 30, respectively). collected samples were cultured ...201626861741
photoactivated disinfection (pad) of dental root canal system - an ex-vivo study.to investigate the efficacy of photo activated disinfection (pad) in reducing colony-forming unit (cfu) counts of enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) in infected dental root canals. the study compared the efficacy of pad with conventional endodontic treatment (cet) and also a combination of cet along with pad.201626858548
[in vitro activity of ampicillin-ceftriaxone against enterococcus faecalis isolates recovered from invasive infections].in vitro activity of the combination of ampicillin- ceftriaxone against 30 enterococcus faecalis isolates recovered from invasive infections in patients admitted to hospital de clínicas josé de san martin in the city of buenos aires was assessed. ampicillin- ceftriaxone synergies were determined by microdilution in müeller-hinton (mh) broth with and without subinhibitory concentrations of ceftriaxone. synergy was detected in 22/30 isolates. a decrease in both minimum inhibitory concentration (mi ...201626857425
an analysis in vivo of intracanal bacterial load before and after chemo-mechanical preparation: a comparative analysis of two irrigants and two activation techniques.the goals of this randomized double-blind trial were to assess the antimicrobial activity in vivo of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) vs. chlorhexidine gluconate (chx) used in combination either with endoactivator® or irri s® files in patients with apical periodontitis.201626855714
the effects of silver nanoparticles on antimicrobial activity of proroot mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and calcium enriched mixture (cem).although, mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and new experimental cement (cem) are good root filling cements, but had no or low antimicrobial activities. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of addition of silver nanoparticles (snp) to these two cements on antimicrobial effects against five most dental infection related microorganisms.201626855701
incidence of virulence determinants in clinical enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolates collected in bulgaria.to evaluate the prevalence of some virulence genes among 510 clinical enterococcus spp. isolates and to assess the association of those genes with the species, infection site, and patient group (inpatients/outpatients).201626849965
antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of cuminum cyminum as an intracanal medicament compared to chlorhexidine gel.the aims of this study were i) to define the chemical constituents of cuminum cyminum (cumin) essential oil, ii) to compare the antimicrobial activity of this oil to that of chlorhexidine (chx) and co-trimoxazole on planktonic and biofilm forms of bacteria isolated from the teeth with persistent endodontic infection and iii ) to compare the cytotoxicity of these medicaments on l929 fibroblasts.201626843877
antibacterial activity of diode laser and sodium hypochlorite in enterococcus faecalis-contaminated root canals.the aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the disinfection ability of 980-nm diode laser in comparison with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) as a common root canal irrigant in canals infected with enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis).201626843870
effectiveness of different disinfection protocols on the reduction of bacteria in enterococcus faecalis biofilm in teeth with large root canals.this study compared the effectiveness of different disinfection protocols in reducing bacteria in an enterococcus faecalis biofilm in teeth with large root canals.201626830428
cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis in patients with intravenous drug use.intravenous drug users have a high risk of infective endocarditis and reduced survival. cardiac surgery may be recommended for these patients, but redo surgery is controversial. this study describes the characteristics and outcomes of intravenous drug users accepted for surgery during a 12-year period.201626826713
γ-cyclodextrin capped silver nanoparticles for molecular recognition and enhancement of antibacterial activity of chloramphenicol.computational studies were conducted to identify the favourable formation of the inclusion complex of chloramphenicol with cyclodextrins. the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics predicted the strongest interaction of chloramphenicol with γ-cyclodextrin. further, the inclusion complex of chloramphenicol with γ-cyclodextrin was experimentally prepared and a phenomenon of inclusion was verified by using different characterization techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis, differ ...201626824520
development and characterization of potent cyclic acyldepsipeptide analogues with increased antimicrobial activity.the problem of antibiotic resistance has prompted the search for new antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action. analogues of the a54556 cyclic acyldepsipeptides (adeps) represent an attractive class of antimicrobial agents that act through dysregulation of caseinolytic protease (clpp). previous studies have shown that adeps are active against gram-positive bacteria (e.g., mrsa, vre, prsp (penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae)); however, there are currently few studies examining gram-n ...201626818454
partial purification and characterization of bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis du10 and its probiotic attributes.a novel bacteriocin produced by avian duck isolated lactic acid bacterium enterococcus faecalis du10 was isolated. this bacteriocin showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against important food-borne pathogens and was purified by size exclusion chromatography followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in a c-18 column. tricine-sds page revealed the presence of a band with an estimated molecular mass of 6.3 kda. the zymogram clearly linked the antimicrobial activi ...201626786752
nitric oxide-releasing polyacrylonitrile disperses biofilms formed by wound-relevant pathogenic bacteria.to test the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of a nitric oxide (no)-releasing polymer against wound-relevant bacterial pathogens.201626784529
escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis are able to incorporate and enhance a pre-formed gardnerella vaginalis biofilm.gardnerella vaginalis is the most frequent microorganism found in bacterial vaginosis (bv), while escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis are amongst the most frequent pathogens found in urinary tract infections (utis). this study aimed to evaluate possible interactions between utis pathogens and g. vaginalis using an in vitro dual-species biofilm model. our results showed that dual-species biofilms reached significantly higher bacterial concentration than monospecies biofilms. moreover, visu ...201626782142
prevalence, outcome and risk factor associated with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium at a tertiary care hospital in northern india.to determine the prevalence, genotype, risk factors and mortality in patients having vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vr e. faecalis) and enterococcus faecium (vr e. faecium) infection or colonisation.201626776117
antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory effects on a bovine mammary epithelial cell line exerted by nisin a-producing lactococcus lactis strains.twenty-nine strains of mastitis pathogens were used to study the antibacterial activity of the cell-free supernatants (cfs) of 25 strains of lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. out of the tested strains, only the cfs of l. lactis ll11 and sl153 were active, inhibiting and killing most of the pathogens. by means of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry, they were shown to produce nisin a, a class i bacteriocin. a variable sensitivity to nisin a-containing cfs was o ...201626774727
complete genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis strain p8-1 isolated from wild magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) feces on the south coast of brazil.enterococcus faecalis strains have a ubiquitous nature that allows them to survive in different niches. studies involving enterococci isolated from marine animals are scarce. therefore, in this study, we report the complete genome sequence of e. faecalis strain p8-1 isolated from feces of a magellanic penguin on the south coast of brazil.201626769928
caenorhabditis elegans susceptibility to gut enterococcus faecalis infection is associated with fat metabolism and epithelial junction integrity.gut bacteria-host interactions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, but few mechanisms have been described. the genetically tractable nematode worm caenorhabditis elegans can be infected with pathogenic bacteria, such as the human gut commensal enterococcus faecalis, via feeding, making it a good model for studying these interactions.201626769134
fumarate reductase-producing enterococci reduce methane production in rumen fermentation in vitro.biotic agents such as fumarate-reducing bacteria can be used for controlling methane (ch4) production in the rumen. fumarate-reducing bacteria convert fumarate to succinate by fumarate reductase, ultimately leading to the production of propionate. fumarate-reducing bacteria in the genus enterococcus were isolated from rumen fluid samples from slaughtered korean native goats. the enterococci were identified as enterococcus faecalis srod5 and e. faecium srod by phylogenetic analyses of 16s rrna ge ...201626767574
the efficacy of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming and sonic-activated irrigation combined with qmix solution or sodium hypochlorite against intracanal e. faecalis biofilm.the aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (pips) using an er:yag laser and sonic-activated irrigation combined with qmix irrigant or sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis intracanal biofilm. root canals of 91 human extracted single-canal teeth were instrumented, sterilized, contaminated with e. faecalis and incubated for 15 days. the infected teeth were then randomly distributed into six experimental groups: g1: pips/er: ...201626754179
establishment and analysis of in vitro biomass from salvia corrugata vahl. and evaluation of antimicrobial activity.demethylfruticuline a and fruticuline a, the most abundant compounds from the surface extract of salvia corrugata vahl., have shown antibacterial, antitumor and cytotoxic activities. in order to obtain these icetexane diterpenes from in vitro cultures of s. corrugata, protocols were developed for callus production, micropropagation and shoot regeneration. analysis of the regenerated shoots showed the presence of both icetexanes, micropropagated plants contained only fruticuline a, while the call ...201626753532
ampicillin in combination with ceftaroline, cefepime, or ceftriaxone demonstrates equivalent activities in a high-inoculum enterococcus faecalis infection model.ampicillin-ceftriaxone combination therapy has become a predominant treatment for serious enterococcus faecalis infections, such as endocarditis. unfortunately, ceftriaxone use is associated with future vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization. we evaluated e. faecalis in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model against simulated human concentration-time profiles of ampicillin plus ceftaroline, cefepime, ceftriaxone, or gentamicin. ampicillin-cefepime and ampicillin-ceftaroline demonstrated activ ...201626926624
lipoteichoic acid of enterococcus faecalis inhibits the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts.enterococcus faecalis is associated with persistent endodontic infection and refractory apical periodontitis. recently, we have shown that heat-killed e. faecalis attenuates osteoclast differentiation. because lipoteichoic acid (lta) is a major virulence factor of gram-positive bacteria, we investigated the effect of lta from e. faecalis (eflta) on osteoclast differentiation.201626920932
envelope structures of gram-positive bacteria.gram-positive organisms, including the pathogens staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis, have dynamic cell envelopes that mediate interactions with the environment and serve as the first line of defense against toxic molecules. major components of the cell envelope include peptidoglycan (pg), which is a well-established target for antibiotics, teichoic acids (tas), capsular polysaccharides (cps), surface proteins, and phospholipids. these components can underg ...201626919863
the impact of host metapopulation structure on the population genetics of colonizing bacteria.many key bacterial pathogens are frequently carried asymptomatically, and the emergence and spread of these opportunistic pathogens can be driven, or mitigated, via demographic changes within the host population. these inter-host transmission dynamics combine with basic evolutionary parameters such as rates of mutation and recombination, population size and selection, to shape the genetic diversity within bacterial populations. whilst many studies have focused on how molecular processes underpin ...201626916623
synthesis and biological activities of lanthanide (iii) nitrate complexes with n-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) nicotinohydrazide schiff base.the field of coordination chemistry has registered a phenomenal growth during last few decades. it is well known that precious metals have been used for medicinal purposes for at least 3500 years. at that time, precious metals were believed to benefit health because of their rarity, but research has now well established the link between medicinal properties of inorganic drugs and specific biological properties.201626916500
in vitro antibacterial activity of a silicone-based endodontic sealer and two conventional sealers.the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the modification in the silver component is capable of providing guttaflow 2 with antibacterial activity against enterococcus faecalis compared with epoxy resin-based (ah plus) and zinc oxide and eugenol-based (endofill) sealers. the antibacterial activity was evaluated using a reference strain of e. faecalis (atcc 29212). freshly mixed sealers were subjected to the agar diffusion test (adt), while the direct contact test (dct) was performed after ma ...201626910015
screening of the enterocin-encoding genes and antimicrobial activity in enterococcus species.in the current study, a total of 135 enterococci strains from different sources were screened for the presence of the enterocin-encoding genes enta, entp, entb, entl50a, and entl50b. the enterocin genes were present at different frequencies, with enta occurring the most frequently, followed by entp and entb; entl50a and l50b were not detected. the occurrence of single enterocin genes was higher than the occurrence of multiple enterocin gene combinations. the 80 isolates that harbor at least one ...201626907753
prevalence and risk factors of early fecal carriage of enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus spp and their antimicrobial resistant patterns among healthy neonates born in a hospital setting in central saudi arabia.to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistant profiles, and risk factors of early fecal carriage of enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) and staphylococci among 150 healthy saudi neonates born in a hospital setting in central saudi arabia.201626905350
evolution of resistance to cationic biocides in streptococcus mutans and enterococcus faecalis.the aim of this study was to investigate whether streptococcus mutans and enterococcus faecalis develop resistance to the cationic biocides chlorhexidine (chx), cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc), and 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (mdpb).201626904979
genetic environment of the transferable oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optra in enterococcus faecalis isolates of human and animal origin.aim of this study was to analyse 17 non-related enterococcus faecalis isolates of human and animal origin for the genetic environment of the novel oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optra.201626903276
evaluation of polymorphisms in pbp4 gene and genetic diversity in penicillin-resistant, ampicillin-susceptible enterococcus faecalis from hospitals in different states in brazil.the aim of the present study was to verify whether penicillin-resistant, ampicillin-susceptible enterococcus faecalis (prasef) occurred in brazil prior to the beginning of the 21st century, and to verify whether ampicillin susceptibility can predict susceptibility to other β-lactams in e. faecalis with this inconsistent phenotype. the presence of polymorphisms in the pbp4 gene and genetic diversity among the isolates were investigated. of 21 prasef analyzed, 5 (23.8%) and 4 (19.0%) were imipenem ...201626903013
clinical characteristics and antimicrobial patterns in complicated intra-abdominal infections: a 6-year epidemiological study in southern china.complicated intra-abdominal infection (ciais) are a common and important cause of morbidity worldwide. in this study, the clinical features, microbiological profiles, antimicrobial patterns and treatments of 3233 ciai patients (mean age, 47.6 years; 54.7% male) with 3531 hospitalisations from 2008-2013 were retrospectively investigated. the most commonly isolated bacteria were escherichia coli (47.6%), klebsiella pneumoniae (16.9%), enterococcus faecalis (10.4%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.8%) ...201626899413
comparison of telavancin and vancomycin lock solutions in eradication of biofilm-producing staphylococci and enterococci from central venous catheters.results of a study of the activity of antibiotic lock solutions of vancomycin and telavancin against biofilm-forming strains of staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus aureus are reported.201626896504
molecular diagnosis of urinary tract infections by semi-quantitative detection of uropathogens in a routine clinical hospital setting.the objective of our study was the development of a semi-quantitative real-time pcr to detect uropathogens. two multiplex pcr reactions were designed to detect escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, enterococcus faecalis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. 16s based pcr was performed in parallel to detect gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. firstly to identify non-targeted agents of infection in the same urine specimen, and secondly to quantify ...201626954694
co-location of the oxazolidinone resistance genes optra and cfr on a multiresistance plasmid from staphylococcus sciuri.to identify and characterize the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optra in staphylococcus isolates.201626953332
resistance to antimicrobial agents among enterococci isolated from fecal samples of wild marine species in the southern coast of brazil.the purpose of this study was to evaluate species distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and presence of resistance genes in enterococci isolated from fecal samples of wild marine species, including seabirds (n=12), sea turtles (n=8), and mammals (n=3) found alive or dead in southern coast of brazil. enterococci were classified based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, tested for antibiotic susceptibility, and the presence of tet(s), tet(m), tet(l), mrsc, and erm(b) genes by p ...201626952995
cysteamine enhances biofilm eradication efficacy of calcium hydroxide.calcium hydroxide (ca[oh]2) is a widely used interappointment dressing, but its antibacterial property is compromised by dentin. hence, the addition of chlorhexidine (chx) with ca(oh)2 has been proposed. however, the antimicrobial efficacy of this mixture compared with ca(oh)2 alone is currently still debatable. cysteamine is a mucolytic agent used to reduce the viscosity of mucus through the disruption of proteins, which are also important components of the extracellular matrix of biofilms. the ...201626951960
effects of dentin debris on the antimicrobial properties of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid.the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dentin powder on the concentration, ph, and antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) alone and combined with etidronic acid (hebp).201626951957
comparative analysis of protaper and waveone systems to reduce enterococcus faecalis from root canal system in primary molars--an in vitro study.to assess, in vitro, the ability of the protaper(™) and waveone(™) systems to reduce enterococcus faecalis contamination in primary molars.201626950813
in silico dissection of type vii secretion system components across bacteria: new directions towards functional characterization.type vii secretion system (t7ss) is one of the factors involved in virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. numerous research efforts have been made in the last decade towards characterizing the components of this secretion system. an extensive genome-wide analysis through compilation of isolated information is required to obtain a global view of diverse characteristics and pathogenicity-related aspects of this machinery. the present study suggests that differences in structural components ...201626949095
invasive enterococcal infections in poland: the current epidemiological situation.the aim of this study was to investigate human invasive isolates of enterococci, obtained through prospective surveillance in poland. the consecutive enterococcal isolates were collected in 30 hospitals between may 2010 and june 2011, and studied by species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and, for enterococcus faecium by detection of markers specific for the hospital meroclone, multilocus vntr analysis (mlva) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). additionally, the genomic d ...201626946510
antibacterial and cytotoxic triterpenoids from the roots of combretum racemosum.a new pentacyclic triterpenoid glucoside, together with fourteen known compounds, was isolated from the roots of combretum racemosum. combretaceae). the structure of the new compound was established as 28-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2α,3β,21β,23-tetrahydroxyolean-18-en-28-oate (1) on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data including ms, 1d, and 2d nmr. the inhibitory activity of compounds 1-15 against promyelocytic leukemia hl-60 and human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia k562 cell lines was evaluated. c ...201626946378
time is of the essence: the impact of delayed antibiotic therapy on patient outcomes in hospital-onset enterococcal bloodstream infections.with increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre), appropriate antibiotic therapy for enterococcal bloodstream infections (ebsi) can be delayed. data regarding the impact of delayed therapy on ebsi outcomes are conflicting, and the time delay most strongly associated with poor outcomes has not been defined.201626945013
occurrence of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible enterococcus spp. in reclaimed water used for spray irrigation.reclaiming municipal wastewater for agricultural, environmental, and industrial purposes is increasing in the united states to combat dwindling freshwater supplies. however, there is a lack of data regarding the microbial quality of reclaimed water. in particular, no previous studies have evaluated the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in reclaimed water used at spray irrigation sites in the united states. to address this knowledge gap, we investigated the occurrence, concentr ...201626942838
oritavancin activity tested against molecularly characterized staphylococci and enterococci displaying elevated linezolid mic results.oritavancin (mic50/90, 0.03/0.06 to 0.12 μg/ml) had potent activity against linezolid-resistant staphylococci, as well as enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium (oritavancin mic50/90, 0.015/0.12 μg/ml against both species). all linezolid-resistant isolates were inhibited by oritavancin at ≤0.12 μg/ml. these results confirmed the absence of cross-resistance between linezolid and oritavancin in staphylococci and enterococci.201627001823
quantification of lipoteichoic acid contents and cultivable bacteria at the different phases of the endodontic retreatment.the infectious content of root canals, including bacteria and lipoteichoic acid (lta), cause injuries to the periapical tissues. the purpose of this clinical study was to quantify the levels of both lta and cultivable bacteria at the different phases of endodontic retreatment (er) of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis. it also aimed to investigate the presence of gram-positive microorganisms before and after chemomechanical preparation (cmp) and intracanal medication (icm).201627000273
antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealers after setting, against e. faecalis biofilm.enterococcus faecalis are gram positive bacteria that can mostly resist endodontic therapy, inducing persistent infection in the root canal system. endodontic sealers with antimicrobial activity may help eliminate residual microorganisms that survive endodontic treatment. the present study aimed at comparing the antimicrobial activity of acroseal, sealapex and ah plus endodontic sealers in an in vitro biofilm model. bovine dentin specimens (144) were prepared, and twelve blocks for each sealer a ...201626981759
rapid evolution of microbe-mediated protection against pathogens in a worm host.microbes can defend their host against virulent infections, but direct evidence for the adaptive origin of microbe-mediated protection is lacking. using experimental evolution of a novel, tripartite interaction, we demonstrate that mildly pathogenic bacteria (enterococcus faecalis) living in worms (caenorhabditis elegans) rapidly evolved to defend their animal hosts against infection by a more virulent pathogen (staphylococcus aureus), crossing the parasitism-mutualism continuum. host protection ...201626978164
chemical composition, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the essential oil from the tunisian ononis angustissima l. (fabaceae).the chemical composition, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the hydrodistilled essential oil of the aerial parts of ononis angustissima from south tunisia has been evaluated. the oil yield was 0.04% (w/w). the chemical composition, determined by gc and gc-ms is reported for the first time. forty-five components, accounting for 93.7% of the total oil have been identified. the oil was characterized by a high proportion of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.2%), followed by sesquiterpene hydroca ...201626972463
l-lactic acid production by combined utilization of agricultural bioresources as renewable and economical substrates through batch and repeated-batch fermentation of enterococcus faecalis rky1.enterococcus faecalis rky1 was used to produce l-lactic acid from hydrol, soybean curd residues (scr), and malt. hydrol was efficiently metabolized to l-lactic acid with optical purity of >97.5%, though hydrol contained mixed sugars such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and maltodextrin. combined utilization of hydrol, scr, and malt was enough to sustain lactic acid fermentation by e. faecalis rky1. in order to reduce the amount of nitrogen sources and product inhibition, cell-recycle repeated- ...201626970921
enterococcus faecalis ebp pili are important for cell-cell aggregation and intraspecies gene transfer.enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that ranks among the leading causes of biofilm-associated infections. we previously demonstrated that the endocarditis- and biofilm-associated pili (ebp) of e. faecalis play a major role in biofilm formation, adherence to abiotic surfaces and experimental infections. in this study, derivatives of e. faecalis strain og1 were engineered to further characterize functions of ebp pili. loss of pili resulted in a 36-fold decrease in the number of clos ...201626967674
point-of-use water disinfection using ultraviolet and visible light-emitting diodes.improvements in point-of-use (pou) drinking water disinfection technologies for remote and regional communities are urgently needed. conceptually, uv-c light-emitting diodes (leds) overcome many drawbacks of low-pressure mercury tube based uv devices, and uv-a or visible light leds also show potential. to realistically evaluate the promise of led disinfection, our study assessed the performance of a model 1.3 l reactor, similar in size to solar disinfection bottles. in all, 12 different commerci ...201626967007
heat-killed enterococcus faecalis ef-2001 ameliorates atopic dermatitis in a murine model.recent reports have shown the immunomodulatory effect of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria. atopic dermatitis (ad) is an allergic skin disease, caused by immune dysregulation among other factors. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of heat-killed enterococcus faecalis ef-2001 (ef-2001) on ad. we established an in vivo ad model by repeated local exposure of dermatophagoides farinae extract (dfe; house dust mite extract) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (dncb) to the ears of mice. after oral ...201626959058
surveillance for linezolid resistance via the zyvox® annual appraisal of potency and spectrum (zaaps) programme (2014): evolving resistance mechanisms with stable susceptibility rates.the objective of this study was to report the linezolid in vitro activity observed during the zyvox(®) annual appraisal of potency and spectrum (zaaps) programme for 2014.201627013481
susceptibility of contemporary isolates to fosfomycin: a systematic review of the literature.the aim of this review was to evaluate the susceptibility of contemporary gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to fosfomycin. pubmed and scopus databases were systematically searched to identify studies published in print or electronically from january 2010 until june 2015. in total, 84 studies were selected. susceptibility to fosfomycin of staphylococcus aureus ranged between 33.2% and 100% (frequency=91.7%, 95% confidence interval 88.7-94.9%), of enterococcus spp. from 30% to 100% (enteroc ...201627013000
fungal naphtho-γ-pyrones: potent antibiotics for drug-resistant microbial pathogens.four naphtho-γ-pyrones (fonsecinones a and c and aurasperones a and e) were identified as potential antibacterial agents against escherichia coli, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in an in vitro antibacterial screen of 218 fungal metabolites. fonsecinone a (2) exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 4.26, 17.04, an ...201627063778
[the effect of a combined nanoparticulate/calcium hydroxide medication on the biofilm of enterococcus faecalis in starvation phase].to evaluate the efficacy of ca(oh)2 with a silver nanoparticle suspension to eliminate the biofilm of enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) in starvation phase.201627063301
[persistence of a st6 clone of enterococcus faecalis genotype vanb2 in two hospitals in aragon (spain)].in order to study the evolution of the outbreak that occurred between 2009 and 2010 in 3 hospitals in zaragoza, all vancomycin-resistant clinical enterococcus faecalis isolates identified between 2011 and 2013 at these hospitals were characterised.201627059750
influence of working length and foraminal enlargement on foramen morphology and sealing ability.the present study evaluated the influence of the working length and foraminal enlargement on the sealing ability and anatomy of the apical region of the root.201627054864
detection of vancomycin resistance among enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus.vancomycin remains the drug of choice for resistant gram positive infections caused by enterococcus spp and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). increased use of vancomycin has led to frank resistance and increase in mic (mic creep). vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus aureus (visa), vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus (vrsa) & vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) are important emerging nosocomial pathogens resulting in treatment failures.201627042459
maternal antibiotic treatment impacts development of the neonatal intestinal microbiome and antiviral immunity.microbial colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract (git) begins at birth, is shaped by the maternal microbiota, and is profoundly altered by antibiotic treatment. antibiotic treatment of mothers during pregnancy influences colonization of the git microbiota of their infants. the role of the git microbiota in regulating adaptive immune function against systemic viral infections during infancy remains undefined. we used a mouse model of perinatal antibiotic exposure to examine the effect ...201627036912
indomethacin injury to the rat small intestine is dependent upon biliary secretion and is associated with overgrowth of enterococci.nsaiduse is limited due to the drugs' toxicity to the gastrointestinal mucosa, an action incompletely understood. lower gut injury induced bynsaids is dependent on bile secretion and is reported to increase the growth of a number of bacterial species, including an enterococcal species,enterococcus faecalis this study examined the relationships between indomethacin (indo)-induced intestinal injury/bleeding, small bowel overgrowth (sbo) and dissemination of enterococci, and the contribution of bil ...201627033447
synthesis variants of quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles and their antibacterial efficacy in dental materials.resin-based dental materials allow bacterial growth on their surface and lack antibacterial activity, leading to functional and esthetic failure. quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (qpei) nanoparticles (nps) incorporated in resin-based composite at 2% wt/wt have demonstrated prolonged and complete inhibition of bacterial growth. this study focused on optimization of qpei np synthesis to reduce the concentration required for bacterial growth inhibition. the objective here was to enhance antimi ...201627032864
posaida: presence of staphylococcus aureus/mrsa and enterococcus/vre in danish ambulances. a cross-sectional study.every year approximately one out of ten danish patients contracts a healthcare associated infection (hai). staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus are prominent in the group of pathogenic bacteria that underlie hais, causing unnecessary inconvenience and prolonging hospitalization. bacterial colonization often occurs due to indirect patient-to-patient transmission, caused by poor hygiene compliance. this study aims to determine the level of contamination with s. aureus/mrsa and enterococcus/vre o ...201627029410
comparison of hospital room surface disinfection using a novel ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (uvgi) generator.the estimated 721,800 hospital acquired infections per year in the united states have necessitated development of novel environmental decontamination technologies such as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (uvgi). this study evaluated the efficacy of a novel, portable uvgi generator (the torch, chlordisys solutions, inc., lebanon, nj) to disinfect surface coupons composed of plastic from a bedrail, stainless steel, chrome-plated light switch cover, and a porcelain tile that were inoculated with ...201627028152
spatial organization of cell wall-anchored proteins at the surface of gram-positive bacteria.bacterial surface proteins constitute an amazing repertoire of molecules with important functions such as adherence, invasion, signalling and interaction with the host immune system or environment. in gram-positive bacteria, many surface proteins of the "lpxtg" family are anchored to the peptidoglycan (pg) by an enzyme named sortase. while this anchoring mechanism has been clearly deciphered, less is known about the spatial organization of cell wall-anchored proteins in the bacterial envelope. h ...201627025379
preliminary study on total protein extraction methods from enterococcus faecalis biofilm.enterococcus faecalis is the major pathogen of post-endodontic disease and refractory periapical periodontitis, and recent research on this species has focused on its pathogenicity. e. faecalis most often causes disease in the form of a biofilm, and total protein expression shows a strong association with its virulence. therefore, the purpose of our study was to explore different methods of extracting the total proteins of the e. faecalis (atcc 33186 standard strain) biofilm. the total proteins ...201627706660
determination of resistance and virulence genes in enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium strains isolated from poultry and their genotypic characterization by adsrrs-fingerprinting.the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of e. faecalis and e. faecium strains isolated from poultry and to carry out genotypic characterization thereof with the adsrrs-fingerprinting method (amplification of dna fragments surrounding rare restriction sites) and analysis of the genetic relatedness between the isolates with different resistance and virulence determinants. samples were collected from 70 4-week-old chickens and tested for enterococcus minimum inhibitory c ...201627702915
anterior mitral valve aneurysm: a rare sequelae of aortic valve endocarditis.summaryin intravenous drug abusers, infective endocarditis usually involves right-sided valves, with staphylococcus aureus being the most common etiologic agent. we present a patient who is an intravenous drug abuser with left-sided (aortic valve) endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis who subsequently developed an anterior mitral valve aneurysm, which is an exceedingly rare complication. a systematic literature search was conducted which identified only five reported cases in the literatu ...201627249815
treatment of mdr urinary tract infections with oral fosfomycin: a retrospective analysis.limited options for treating mdr organisms have led clinicians to turn to older antimicrobial agents that may display activity against such infections. one such agent is fosfomycin, an oral drug with activity against a variety of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, but only approved for use in the usa for urinary tract infection (uti) due to escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis. the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of fosfomycin treatment of mdr uti and identify predictor ...201627246234
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