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association of enterococcus cecorum with vertebral osteomyelitis and spondylolisthesis in broiler parent chicks.enterococcus cecorum is the most frequently occurring enterococcal species in the intestine of chickens of over 12 weeks of age, and there are few reports on its isolation from the skeleton of broiler parent chicks. in the present study, observations on vertebral osteomyelitis and spondylolisthesis ('kinky back syndrome') showing high incidence in 8 broiler parent flocks in different parts of hungary are summarised. clinical signs were seen only in roosters between 5 and 13 weeks of age. disease ...201121354938
efficacy and safety of linezolid in liver transplant patients.bacterial infections are the main cause of death within the first year after liver transplantation, and the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens has created a major challenge in the treatment of these patients. linezolid, the first us food & drug administration-approved oxazolidinone, offers a valuable novel treatment option for serious gram-positive infections. linezolid is relatively non-toxic but prolonged treatment with linezolid was associated with thrombocytop ...201121355969
[two latex agglutination techniques for the rapid detection of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus agalactiae and enterococcus spp. directly from the positive blood culture bottle]. 201121342728
case report of a successful treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) bacteremia and mrsa/vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium cholecystitis by daptomycin.a 72-year-old man, receiving 8 mg daptomycin/kg body weight/day for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) bacteremia, was diagnosed with mrsa/vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) cholecystitis (daptomycin mic values, 1 and 2 mg/liter, respectively). after the fifth drug dose, the bile concentration of daptomycin was 66 mg/liter 5 min after drug administration, with the biliary concentration/mic values higher than 30 for both bacterial strains. therefore, daptomycin achiev ...201121343441
multistep resistance development studies of ceftaroline in gram-positive and -negative bacteria.ceftaroline, the active component of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against gram-positive and -negative isolates. this study evaluated the potential for ceftaroline and comparator antibiotics to select for clones of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus faecalis with elevated mics. s. pneumoniae and s. pyoge ...201121343467
erythromycin resistance and virulence genes in enterococcus faecalis from swine in china.this study aims to describe the erythromycin resistance phenotypes and genotypes, and the prevalence of virulence genes of enterococcus faecalis isolated from swine in china. a total of 117 nonreplicate e. faecalis isolates, obtained from 502 clinical samples taken from different pig farms between 2007 and 2009 were included in the study. minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the broth microdilution method. all of the isolates were screened for the presence of seven virulence g ...201121344149
studies on the effects of essential-oil-based feed additives on performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, and selected bacterial groups in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets.the aim of this study was to assess the effects of 2 different phytogenic products on performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, and composition of the intestinal microbiota. the 2 phytogenic products contained different essential oil mixtures (eom) characterized by either menthol (mentha arvensis; eom-m) or cinnamon aldehyde (cinnamomum aromaticum; eom-c) as main constituents. three treatments consisted of control diet without eom addition and diets supplemented with eom-m or eom-c. reproducibi ...201121357448
urinary pharmacokinetics and bactericidal activity of finafloxacin (200 and 800 mg) in healthy volunteers receiving a single oral dose.finafloxacin is a novel 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone under investigation for treatment of urinary tract infection.201121358200
municipal wastewater treatment plants as removal systems and environmental sources of human-virulent microsporidian spores.municipal wastewater treatment plants play a vital role in reducing the microbial load of sewage before the end-products are discharged to surface waters (final effluent) or local environments (biosolids). this study was to investigate the presence of human-virulent microsporidian spores (enterocytozoon bieneusi, encephalitozoon intestinalis, and encephalitozoon hellem) and enterococci during treatment processes at four irish municipal secondary wastewater treatment plants (plants a-d). microspo ...201121360095
identification of surface proteins in enterococcus faecalis v583.surface proteins are a key to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of gram-positive bacteria interacting with the human gastro-intestinal tract. such proteins contribute to cell wall synthesis and maintenance and are important for interactions between the bacterial cell and the human host. since they are exposed and may play roles in pathogenicity, surface proteins are interesting targets for drug design.201121362161
nosocomial spread of hospital-adapted cc17 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in a tertiary-care hospital of beijing, china.the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) appeared to be increasing in china, but very few nosocomial outbreaks have been reported. our hospital had experienced an outbreak of vre since march 2008 to march 2009. the objective of this study was to analyze the molecular features of the isolates and the control measures used to eradicate a vre outbreak in a tertiary institution in china.201121362270
cutc is induced late during copper exposure and can modify intracellular copper content in enterococcus faecalis.copper is a micronutrient that is required for proper metabolic functioning of most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. to sustain an adequate supply of copper, a cell requires molecular mechanisms that control the metal content to avoid copper toxicity. this toxicity comes primarily from the reactivity of copper, which can lead to the generation of free radicals. in bacteria, two independent systems are responsible for maintaining the balance of copper within the cells (cop and cut family pro ...201121362400
vital signs: central line-associated blood stream infections--united states, 2001, 2008, and 2009.health-care-associated infections (hais) affect 5% of patients hospitalized in the united states each year. central line-associated blood stream infections (clabsis) are important and deadly hais, with reported mortality of 12%-25%. this report provides national estimates of the number of clabsis among patients in intensive-care units (icus), inpatient wards, and outpatient hemodialysis facilities in 2008 and 2009 and compares icu estimates with 2001 data.201121368740
development of novel oral formulations prepared via hot melt extrusion for targeted delivery of photosensitizer to the colon.colon-residing bacteria, such as vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis and bacteroides fragilis, can cause a range of serious clinical infections. photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (pact) may be a novel treatment option for these multidrug resistant organisms. the aim of this study was to formulate a eudragit®-based drug delivery system, via hot melt extrusion (hme), for targeting colonic release of photosensitizer. the susceptibility of e. faecalis and b. fragilis to pact mediated by ...201121375536
antibiotic resistance and virulence factors among enterococci isolated from chouriço, a traditional portuguese dry fermented sausage.enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms, found as part of the normal intestinal microbiota of many animals. they can be present in food products, for example, the portuguese dry fermented sausage chouriço. twenty enterococci were isolated from chouriço in two processing units; after identification and typification by conventional-molecular methods, the isolates were screened for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. identification allocated all enterococci to the species enterococcus fa ...201121375886
development of a pentaplex pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, l. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, l. helveticus, l. fermentum in whey starter for grana padano cheese.a pentaplex pcr assay for the rapid, selective and simultaneous detection of lactobacillus helveticus, l. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, l. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, streptococcus thermophilus, and l. fermentum, was developed. the target sequences were a group of genes coding for beta-galactosidase production (s. thermophilus and l. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), for cell-enveloped associated proteinase synthesis (l. helveticus), for dipeptide transport system production (l. delbrueckii subsp. ...201121377750
synthesis and structure of [(?(6)-p-cymene)ru(2-anthracen-9-ylmethylene-n-ethylhydrazinecarbothioamide)cl]cl; biological evaluation, topoisomerase ii inhibition and reaction with dna and human serum albumin.we have synthesized and evaluated the biological properties of a compound of the type [?(6)-p-cymene)ru(etatsc)cl]cl (1) where etatsc = 2-anthracen-9-ylmethylene-n-ethylhydrazinecarbothioamide, a thiosemicarbazone. the complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopically (nmr, uv-vis, and ir) and structurally by xrd. the in vitro anticancer activity of 1 has been evaluated against two human colon cancer cell lines. the ic(50) value for activity against hct-116 was 224 ± 7 µm a ...201121347491
influence of weaning on fecal shedding of pathogenic bacteria in dairy calves.the objectives of the current research were to determine the effect of weaning on fecal shedding of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy calves and to examine cultured isolates (to include enterococcus) for antimicrobial susceptibility. this research was conducted on one large commercial dairy (>3000 head) in the southwestern united states. two collections were made, during the winter (january 2009) and summer (july 2009) seasons. for the winter collection, two groups of calves were ...201121381971
structure based prediction of functional sites with potential inhibitors to nudix enzymes from disease causing microbes.the functional sites were predicted for nudix enzymes from pathogenic microorganisms such as streprococcus pneumonia (2b06) and enterococcus faecalis (2azw). their structures are already determined, however, no data is reported about their functional sites, substrates and inhibitors. therefore, we report prediction of functional sites in these nudix enzymes via geometric invariant (gi) technique (construct different geometries of peptides which remain unchanged). the gi method enumerated 2b06: r ...201121383922
dramatic changes of the gut flora immediately after severe and sudden insults.the gut flora is crucially involved in host homeostasis. however, the changes in the gut flora during the early phase of a critical illness are unknown.201121384123
related antimicrobial resistance genes detected in different bacterial species co-isolated from swine fecal samples.a potential factor leading to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (ar) in bacteria is the horizontal transfer of resistance genes between bacteria in animals or their environment. to investigate this, swine fecal samples were collected on-farm and cultured for escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, campylobacter spp., and enterococcus spp. which are all commonly found in swine. forty-nine of the samples from which all four bacteria were recovered were selected yielding a total of 196 isolates ...201121385089
bacterial diversity associated with populations of glossina spp. from cameroon and distribution within the campo sleeping sickness focus.tsetse flies were sampled in three villages of the campo sleeping sickness focus in south cameroon. the aim of this study was to investigate the flies' gut bacterial composition using culture-dependent techniques. out of the 32 flies analyzed (27 glossina palpalis palpalis, two glossina pallicera, one glossina nigrofusca, and two glossina caliginea), 17 were shown to be inhabited by diverse bacteria belonging to the proteobacteria, the firmicutes, or the bacteroidetes phyla. phylogenetic analysi ...201121387098
maklamicin, an antibacterial polyketide from an endophytic micromonospora sp.a new spirotetronate-class polyketide, maklamicin (1), was isolated from the culture extract of an endophytic actinomycete of the genus micromonospora. the structure and relative configuration of 1 were elucidated by interpretation of nmr and other spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration was determined using the modified mosher method. maklamicin (1) showed strong to modest antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria.201121388191
multivalent artificial opsonin for the recognition and phagocytosis of gram-positive bacteria by human phagocytes.hospital-acquired infections (hais) remain a leading cause of death in the united states. unfortunately, treatment of hais is complicated by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. in an effort to enhance the body's natural immune response to infection, we have developed an artificial opsonin to promote the recognition, phagocytosis, and destruction of pathogenic bacteria by human phagocytes. the artificial opsonin is constructed from multivalent conjugates of poly(l-lysine)-gra ...201121388677
infected total hip arthroplasty treated by an irrigation-debridement/component retention protocol. a prospective study in a 12-case series with minimum 2-áyears' follow-up.introduction: treatment of infection after total hip replacement (thr) is complex and costly. debridement with component retention is an attractive solution. success rates in the literature vary widely (18-90%) according to patient selection criteria. the present prospective study assessed the selection criteria used in our department. methods: a prospective study included all patients (n=210) surgically managed for infection following thr between november-á2002 and december-á2008. patients unde ...201121388905
relative roles of the cellular and humoral responses in the drosophila host defense against three gram-positive bacterial infections.two nf-kappab signaling pathways, toll and immune deficiency (imd), are required for survival to bacterial infections in drosophila. in response to septic injury, these pathways mediate rapid transcriptional activation of distinct sets of effector molecules, including antimicrobial peptides, which are important components of a humoral defense response. however, it is less clear to what extent macrophage-like hemocytes contribute to host defense.201121390224
a screening of curcumin derivatives for antibacterial phototoxic effects studies on curcumin and curcuminoids. xliii.curcumin, bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, has potential as a photosensitiser for photodynamic treatment of localised superficial infections in e.g., the mouth or skin. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial phototoxic potential of a series of five curcumin derivatives. the gram-positive enterococcus faecalis and the gram-negative escherichia coli were used as bacterial models. the bacteria were exposed to curcuminoid preparations in two c ...201121391438
cytotoxicity, antiviral and antimicrobial activities of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids.some natural products consisting of the alkaloids yohimbine and vincamine (indole-type), scopolamine and atropine (tropane-type), colchicine (tropolone-type), allantoin (imidazolidine-type), trigonelline (pyridine-type) as well as octopamine, synephrine, and capsaicin (exocyclic amine-type); the flavonoid derivatives quercetin, apigenin, genistein, naringin, silymarin, and silibinin; and the phenolic acids namely gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quinic acid, were tested for their ...201121391841
foot bacterial intertrigo mimicking interdigital tinea pedis.itchy maceration of the toe webs is common in warm and humid weather. some cases do not respond to treatment for tinea or eczema.201121392473
lipopeptide laur-ckk-nh2 dimer preserves daptomycin susceptibility and enhances its activity against enterococcus faecalis.an experimental study was performed to evaluate both in vitro and in vivo the kind of interaction between the laur-ckk-nh2 dimer and daptomycin using two enterococcus faecalis strains with different patterns of susceptibilities.201121393138
changing trends in vancomycin-resistant enterococci in french hospitals, 2001-08.unprecedented outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have occurred in french hospitals since 2004. the aim of this study was to provide a picture of the spread and control of vre in france and to characterize the isolates.201121393182
clinical experience with daptomycin in europe: the first 2.5 years.to describe the patient populations and infections being treated with daptomycin, as well as the efficacy and safety outcomes.201121393205
isolation of bacteriophages to multi-drug resistant enterococci obtained from diabetic foot: a novel antimicrobial agent waiting in the shelf?while foot infections in persons with diabetes are initially treated empirically, therapy directed at known causative organisms may improve the outcome. many studies have reported on the bacteriology of diabetic foot infections (dfis), but the results have varied and have often been contradictory. the purpose of the research work is to call attention to a frightening twist in the antibiotic-resistant enterococci problem in diabetic foot that has not received adequate attention from the medical f ...201121393885
sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate, glass ionomer cement and composite resin when repairing large furcal perforations.to evaluate the sealing ability of different repair materials and the pathway of bacterial penetration after closure of large pulp chamber floor perforations.201121394123
need for improved antimicrobial and infection control stewardship in vietnamese intensive care units.survey of antibiotic consumption, microbial resistance and hygiene precautions in the intensive care units of three hospitals in northern vietnam.201121410602
phenotypic and genetic evaluations of biogenic amine production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from fish and fish products.in this work, biogenic amine production (histamine, tyramine and putrescine) by a collection of 74 lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin has been investigated by means of amino acid decarboxylation by growth on decarboxylase differential medium, biogenic amine detection by thin-layer chromatography (tlc) and decarboxylase gene detection by pcr. none of the evaluated strains showed neither production of histamine and putrescine, nor presence of the genetic determinants encoding the corresponding ...201121411165
effect of calcium and magnesium on the antimicrobial action of enterocin lr/6 produced by enterococcus faecium lr/6.enterococci are well-known producers of antimicrobial peptides (enterocins) that possess potential as biopreservatives in food. in this study, divalent cations and release of intracellular potassium were used to assess the mechanism of interaction and killing of enterocin lr/6 produced by enterococcus faecium lr/6 on three target gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, namely micrococcus luteus, enterococcus sp. strain lr/3 and escherichia coli k-12. whilst treatment with enterocin lr/6 in all ...201121411293
[role of daptomycin in the empirical and directed therapy of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria in the critically ill patient].infections caused by gram-positive bacteria are a serious problem and is associated with high mortality. among them, we should highlight those caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). primary bacteremia, catheter-related bloodstream infections and constitute the main presentations. vancomycin has traditionally been the treatment of choice for these infections, but its activity is not satisfactory especially in cases of mrsa with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) > 1 mg/ ...201121412665
photodynamic suppression of enterococcus faecalis using the photosensitizer mthpc.enterococcus faecalis is frequently found in persistent endodontic infections. in this context, the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) could become a modern alternative to existing antibacterial treatment approaches. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of apdt on e. faecalis using the photosensitizer (ps) 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mthpc) enriched in liposomes.201121412808
spectrum of early-onset and late-onset bacteremias after liver transplantation: implications for management.bacteremia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation. the characterization of the microbiological spectrum of bacteremia after liver transplantation may help physicians in choosing the initial empirical antimicrobial therapy for patients presenting with sepsis. the clinical and microbiology records of patients who received liver transplantation from january 1997 to march 2006 were reviewed. one hundred twenty-three of the 737 liver recipients (16.7%) developed ...201121412966
antibacterial activity of the enniatin b, produced by fusarium tricinctum in liquid culture, and cytotoxic effects on caco-2 cells.the enniatins (ens) are bioactive compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of fusarium sp. the en b was purified from extracts of fusarium tricinctum growth on liquid culture of potato dextrose broth (pdb), using a semipreparative liquid chromatography (lc) followed by an analytical lc. the purity and the structure of the isolated compound were confirmed by the determination of the extinction coefficient and with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (esi-ms) stud ...201121417626
antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the colon: delivering a light punch to the guts?a paper in this issue of photochemistry and photobiology by cassidy et al. describes the use of a sophisticated drug delivery vehicle prepared by the hot melt extrusion process to deliver photosensitizers to the colon. the smart vehicle protects its cargo through the acidic environment of the stomach but releases the active photosensitizers in the higher ph and anaerobic environment of the colon. the goal is to use photodynamic therapy (pdt) to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that can cause di ...201121418077
disinfecting oval-shaped root canals: effectiveness of different supplementary approaches.this study compared the ability of different approaches to supplement the antibacterial effects of chemomechanical preparation in oval-shaped root canals.201121419297
escherichia coli, enterococci, and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron qpcr signals through wastewater and septage treatment.fecal indicators such as escherichia coli and enterococci are used as regulatory tools to monitor water with 24 h cultivation techniques for possible input of sewage or feces and presence of potential enteric pathogens yet their source (human or animal) cannot be determined with routine methods. this critical uncertainty has furthered water pollution science toward new molecular approaches. members of bacteroides genus, such as bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are found to have features that allow t ...201121420709
the characterisation of lactic acid bacteria during the fermentation of an artisan serbian sausage (petrovská klobása).petrovská klobása is an artisan serbian sausage made only from meat and spices without any additives or starter cultures. in order to characterise lactic acid bacteria (lab) microflora, a total number of 404 lab strains were isolated from 15 samples collected during 90 days of the fermentation and 120 days of storage of one batch of petrovská klobása. the isolates were preliminarily identified by phenotypic tests and subjected to (gtg)5-pcr fingerprinting. representatives of each group were iden ...201121420794
clinical utility of daptomycin in infective endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci.gram-positive bacteria account for >80% of all cases of endocarditis. currently, staphylococci are the leading cause of endocarditis worldwide. daptomycin is the drug of choice for empirical antibiotic therapy of staphylococcal endocarditis due to its optimal activity both against meticillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) strains. daptomycin has not been proven to be superior to vancomycin in the treatment of mrsa endocarditis. however, daptomycin sho ...201121420835
microbial ecology of fish species ongrowing in greek sea farms and their watery environment.the present study focuses on the bacteriological profile of both watery ecosystem and fishes from different north and central west greek fish-farms ongrowing euryhaline fish species. the natural microflora of the fish and the water of their ongrowing units in selected farms were studied for a period of 20 months. the analyzed samples were mainly sea bream (sparus aurata) 61.3% and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) 24%. in most of the watery ecosystems coming from the different sampling areas, tota ...201121421068
chemical characterization and biological properties of nvc-422, a novel, stable n-chlorotaurine analog.during oxidative burst, neutrophils selectively generate hocl to destroy invading microbial pathogens. excess hocl reacts with taurine, a semi-essential amino acid, resulting in the formation of the longer-lived biogenerated broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, n-chlorotaurine (nct). in the presence of an excess of hocl or under moderately acidic conditions, nct can be further chlorinated, or it can disproportionate to produce n,n-dichlorotaurine (nndct). in the present study, 2,2-dimethyltaurine ...201121422212
monitoring of multiple drug-resistant pathogens in a selected stretch of bay of bengal, india.the present work aims at identification of multiple drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in a selected stretch, namely, puri on the bay of bengal, india. six stations at the coast of puri were selected and samples of water and sediment were collected during the winter of 2008 and 2009 for this study. thirty-eight pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from both the water and the sediment of 6 fixed stations (pu-1a, pu-1b, pu-2, pu-3, pu-4, and pu-5). the identified pathogens were escheri ...201121424669
[spectrum of microbial colonisation and resistance of a surgical icu in a systematic comparison of the 10-year time period 1996-2005 using routine microbiological testing].knowledge on potentially pathogenic microbes including characteristics of their antibiotic resistance in septic patients as well as on the ward- and department-specific microbial spectrum can be considered essential for an efficient initiation of an adequate antimicrobial treatment, which turns out to become pivotal for patient outcome. permanent changes in microbial patterns and antibiotic resistance can only be identified by a continuous investigation of various microbiological specimens.201121425047
linezolid, the first oxazolidinone antibacterial agent.linezolid (zyvox) is the first member of an entirely new class of antibiotics to reach the market in over 35 years; it was approved for use in 2000. a member of the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics, linezolid is highly effective for the treatment of serious gram-positive infections and has activity that compares favorably with vancomycin for most clinically relevant pathogens. zyvox is approved for use against serious gram-positive infections, including those caused by streptococcus pneumoniae ...201121434942
treatment with ca(oh)2 for inactivation of salmonella typhimurium and enterococcus faecalis in soil contaminated with infected horse manure.to investigate the inactivation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and the faecal indicator enterococcus faecalis in horse manure:soil mixtures by application of hydrated lime (ca(oh)(2)).201121435122
biofunctionalization of silicone polymers using poly(amidoamine) dendrimers and a mannose derivative for prolonged interference against pathogen colonization.despite numerous preventive strategies on bacterial adhesion, pathogenic biofilm formation remained the major cause of medical device-related infections. bacterial interference is a promising strategy that uses pre-established biofilms of benign bacteria to serve as live, protective coating against pathogen colonization. however, the application of this strategy to silicone urinary catheters was hampered by low adherence of benign bacteria onto silicone materials. in this work, we present a gene ...201121435713
identification and distribution of antimicrobial- active marine bacteria along the heavily polluted coastal area of alexandria, egypt.the main objective of the present study was to screen, identify and to study distribution of marine bacteria with antimicrobial activity in the heavily polluted coast of alexandria, egypt. the highest bacterial density positively correlated with pollution strength and localized in the central part of the coast in both water and sediments. thirty four active bacterial isolates dominating the water and sediments of six highly polluted sites during winter and spring were identified. the most promis ...201121436542
serodiversity of opsonic antibodies against enterococcus faecalis--glycans of the cell wall revisited.in a typing system based on opsonic antibodies against carbohydrate antigens of the cell envelope, 60% of enterococcus faecalis strains can be assigned to one of four serotypes (cps-a to cps-d). the structural basis for enterococcal serotypes, however, is still incompletely understood. here we demonstrate that antibodies raised against lipoteichoic acid (lta) from a cps-a strain are opsonic to both cps-a and cps-b strains. lta-specific antibodies also bind to lta of cps-c and cps-d strains, but ...201121437253
comparison of enterococcus density estimates in marine beach and bay samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction, membrane filtration and defined substrate testing.currently, densities of enterococcus in marine bathing beach samples are performed using conventional methods which require 24 h to obtain results. real-time pcr methods are available which can measure results in as little as 3 h. the purpose of this study was to evaluate a more rapid test method for the determination of bacterial contamination in marine bathing beaches to better protect human health. the geometric mean of enterococcus densities using enterolert® defined substrate testing and me ...201121440266
transcription antitermination by a phosphorylated response regulator and cobalamin-dependent termination at a b12 riboswitch contribute to ethanolamine utilization in enterococcus faecalis.the ability of bacteria to utilize ethanolamine (ea) as a carbon and nitrogen source may confer an advantage for survival, colonization, and pathogenicity in the human intestinal tract. enterococcus faecalis, a gram-positive human commensal organism, depends on a two-component signaling system (tcs-17) for sensing ea and regulating the expression of the ethanolamine utilization genes. multiple promoters participate in eut gene expression in the presence of ea as the sole carbon source and cobala ...201121441515
design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of ß-lactam antibiotic-based imidazolium- and pyridinium-type ionic liquids.we herein report the preparation and investigation of antibacterial activity of biocidal ionic liquids (ils) consisting of cationic imidazolium or pyridinium and an anionic ß-lactam antibiotic. the antibacterial properties were quantified by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against escherichia coli o157:h7, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus faecium. in general, the ils had improved antibacterial activity than their ...201121443681
environmental cleaning intervention and risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms from prior room occupants.admission to intensive care unit rooms previously occupied by carriers of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enteroccoci (vre) had been found to confer a 40% increased risk of acquisition, presumably through environmental contamination. subsequently, a cleaning intervention was shown to reduce mrsa and vre room contamination. we now evaluate the effect of this intervention on the risk of acquiring mrsa and vre from prior room occupants.201121444840
enterococcus gallinarum meningitis: a case report and literature review.we report a case of enterococcus gallinarum meningitis in a 53-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital with a fever, headache, and consciousness disturbance one week after a life-saving craniotomy operation. there was obvious neck stiffness; lumber puncture was performed and cerebrospinal fluid parameters were consistent with bacterial meningitis. the patient was given ceftriaxone and vancomycin for bacterial meningitis. cerebrospinal fluid culture yielded an isolate which was identifie ...201121444994
gram negative bacteria are associated with the early stages of necrotizing enterocolitis.necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) affects 5-10% of infants born weighing less than 1500 g. most models of nec recapitulate late-stage disease with gut necrosis and elevated inflammatory mediators. evaluation of nec at earlier, less lethal stages of disease will allow investigation of initial disease triggers and may advance our understanding of temporal relationships between factors implicated in nec pathogenesis. in this manuscript, we describe our investigation of early nec and test the hypothes ...201121445365
monitoring the bacterial community of maize silage stored in a bunker silo inoculated with enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri.to monitor variations in the bacterial community and fermentation products of maize silage within and between bunker silos.201121447012
antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with coarse atmospheric particulate matter in an urban area.to assess antibiotic resistance in airborne bacteria associated with coarse particulate matter (pm10) in an urban area, with specific considerations about the staphylococcus genus.201121447020
importance of two enterococcus faecium loci encoding gls-like proteins for in vitro bile salts stress response and virulence.general stress proteins, gls24 and glsb, were previously shown to be involved in bile salts resistance of enterococcus faecalis and in virulence. here, we identified 2 gene clusters in enterococcus faecium each encoding a homolog of gls24 (gls33 and gls20; designated on the basis of their predicted sizes) and of glsb (glsb and glsb1). the sequences of the gls33 and gls20 gene clusters from available genomes indicate distinct lineages, with those of hospital-associated cc17 isolates differing fro ...201121451003
urine cultures from indwelling bladder catheters in nursing home patients: a point prevalence study in a swedish county.abstract objectives. to survey the bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance in urinary strains from patients with indwelling bladder catheters residing in nursing homes within a geographically defined region. material and methods. urine was sampled for culture from 163 catheter patients (126 men and 37 women) during a 2 week period in march 2010. susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria was compared with all urinary strains (n = 9994) from hospitals and primary healthcare in the same geo ...201121452928
is element is16 as a molecular screening tool to identify hospital-associated strains of enterococcus faecium.hospital strains of enterococcus faecium could be characterized and typed by various molecular methods (mlst, aflp, mlva) and allocated to a distinct clonal complex known as mlst cc17. however, these techniques are laborious, time-consuming and cost-intensive. our aim was to identify hospital e. faecium strains and differentiate them from colonizing and animal variants by a simple, inexpensive and reliable pcr-based screening assay. we describe here performance and predictive value of a single p ...201121453466
the activity of antimicrobial peptide s-thanatin is independent on multidrug-resistant spectrum of bacteria.in this study, the activity of s-thanatin (an analog of antimicrobial peptide derived from thanatin) against different bacterial pathogens frequently which can cause therapeutic problems was tested. the result showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of s-thanatin against all isolates of the escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella ornithinolytica and klebsiella oxytoca were in the range of 4-16µg/ml, no matter which antibiotic the ...201121453736
trafficking of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and co-colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci.to determine the trafficking of methicillin-resistant staphylococci between the hospital and community as well as the occurrence of co-colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre).201121454996
frequency of virulence-associated genes in enterococccus faecalis isolated in kuwait hospitals.the objective of this study was to investigate the carriage of 6 virulence-associated genes in enterococcus faecalis isolates obtained from patients in 8 hospitals in kuwait.201121454997
short-term antimicrobial properties of mineral trioxide aggregate with incorporated silver-zeolite.the purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether adding silver-zeolite (sz) to mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) would enhance the antimicrobial activity of mta against staphylococcus aureus (atcc #25923), enterococcus faecalis (atcc #29212), escherichia coli (atcc#25922), pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc #27853), candida albicans (atcc #90028), porphyromonas gingivalis (atcc #33277), actinomyces israelii (atcc #12102), and prevotella intermedia (atcc# 15032). sz was added at 0.2% and 2% m ...201121457185
[effectiveness of "contact" precautions to prevent the spread of vancomycin resistant enterococci in a long-term care facility].vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are major nosocomial pathogens in many countries. vre can spread rapidly, mostly by cross-transmission through hands of healthcare workers, leading to outbreaks. moreover, vre have the possibility to transfer vancomycin resistance genes to other gram-positive organisms.201121458213
implications for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization associated with clostridium difficile infections.vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) colonization of the gastrointestinal tract shares similar risk factors with clostridium difficile infection. we sought to elucidate the prevalence and risk factors of vre colonization associated with c difficile infection.201121458682
evaluation of ph, available chlorine content, and antibacterial activity of endodontic irrigants and their combinations against enterococcus faecalis.the objectives of this study were to evaluate ph, available chlorine content, and antibacterial activity of endodontic irrigants and their combinations.201121459021
evaluation of pcr-based screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci compared with a chromogenic agar-based culture method.rapid detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) infection is very important for control and prevention of nosocomial spread of these bacteria. a multiplex pcr method for rapid screening of vre has recently been developed. we performed a prospective study of vre screening tests to compare the performance of pcr to that of a chromogenic agar-based culture method. from january to december 2009, a total of 8815 rectal swab specimens were tested simultaneously for vre by vre selective cultu ...201121459908
emergence of daptomycin-resistant vre: experience of a single institution.recent surveillance from us hospitals shows that more than 99.5% of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) isolates remain susceptible to daptomycin. this report describes emergence of daptomycin-resistant vre at a major cancer center. the percentage of patients with daptomycin-resistant vre bacteremia increased from 3.4% in 2007 to 15.2% in 2009 ([formula: see text]). without susceptibility data, empiric daptomycin therapy for vre infections should be used with caution.201121460492
impact of chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infections among general medical patients.a paucity of data exists regarding the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) bathing in non-intensive care unit (icu) settings.201121460508
evaluation of a pulsed-xenon ultraviolet room disinfection device for impact on hospital operations and microbial reduction.this study evaluated the use of pulsed-xenon ultraviolet (px-uv) room disinfection by sampling frequently touched surfaces in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) isolation rooms. the px-uv system showed a statistically significant reduction in microbial load and eliminated vre on sampled surfaces when using a 12-minute multiposition treatment cycle.201121460515
identification of enterococcus faecalis bacteria resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics in surface waters of the mololoa river in tepic, nayarit, mexico.heavy metal and antibiotic resistance have been shown to have a strong correlation in nature, and their inter-relation is an important subject of study. we report an analysis of surface waters of the mololoa river in the municipality of tepic, state of nayarit, mexico. this river has two distinctive sources of contamination: sewage waters and trash confinements. our findings demonstrate a correlation between the river flow pattern and resistance to heavy metals or to heavy metals and antibiotics ...201121394435
bacteriophage-mediated transduction of antibiotic resistance in enterococci.temperate bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that transfer genetic information between bacteria. this phenomenon is known as transduction, and it is important in acquisition of bacterial virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance determinants. the aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of bacteriophages in gene transfer (antibiotic resistance) in enterococci.201121395627
prevalence and epidemiology of microbial pathogens causing bloodstream infections: results of the oasis multicenter study.beginning on april 2007, a prospective multicenter study was performed to investigate prevalence and epidemiology of microbial pathogens causing bloodstream infections (bsis). twenty microbiology laboratories participated to the survey over a 1-year period. a total of 11,638 episodes of bsi occurred in 11 202 patients, with 8.5% (n=985) of episodes being polymicrobial. of 12 781 causative organisms, aerobic gram-negative bacteria were 47.4% (n=6058), whereas gram-positives accounted for 43.9% (n ...201121396530
bacteriologic epidemiology and empirical treatment of pediatric complicated appendicitis.preoperative samples in the context of complicated appendicitis (ca) are rarely collected, and there is no consensus regarding the optimal antibiotic therapy in children. to help optimize empirical preoperative treatment, we studied clinical and bacteriologic data from a prospective cohort of 93 children with ca in a french hospital. all the bacteria isolated from peritoneal fluids were identified, using phenotypic and/or molecular techniques. the most commonly recovered species were escherichia ...201121396532
diagnostic accuracy of the cepheid genexpert vana/vanb assay ver. 1.0 to detect the vana and vanb vancomycin resistance genes in enterococcus from perianal specimens.rapid detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) carriers could be useful to health care facilities to minimize transmission. to that end, we compared the performance of the cepheid genexpert vana/vanb assay with that of direct and broth-enriched culture methods for detection of vre from perianal swabs. enterococci were cultivated on enterococcoselôäó agar with 8 ++g/ml vancomycin, bile esculin azide agar with 6 ++g/ml vancomycin, and bile esculin azide enterococcosel broth. compared to ...201121396533
association of red complex, a. actinomycetemcomitans and non-oral bacteria with periodontal diseases.pathogens related to systemic infections have been detected in the periodontal microbiota. the relationship amongst these pathogens, periodontal bacteria and periodontal clinical status is poorly understood. this study evaluated the association amongst red complex, a. actinomycetemcomitans (a.a) and non-oral pathogenic bacteria in subjects with good periodontal health (ph), gingivitis (g), chronic (cp) and aggressive (ap) periodontitis.201121397893
complete genome sequence of the commensal enterococcus faecalis 62, isolated from a healthy norwegian infant.the genome of enterococcus faecalis 62, a commensal isolate from a healthy norwegian infant, revealed multiple adaptive traits to the gastrointestinal tract (git) environment and the milk-containing diet of breast-fed infants. adaptation to a commensal existence was emphasized by lactose and other carbohydrate metabolism genes within genomic islands, accompanied by the absence of virulence traits.201121398545
the etiology and management of acute prostatitis.acute bacterial prostatitis is a common and clinically important genitourinary disorder. patient populations who are at especially high risk of acute prostatitis include those with diabetes, cirrhosis, and suppressed immune systems. the cause is usually an ascending infection, but bacteria can also be introduced during transrectal prostate biopsy. clinical presentation ranges from mild lower urinary tract symptoms to full sepsis. the causative organisms are usually similar to those that cause ot ...201121403661
the challenges of antimicrobial resistance in brazil.brazil is a country with continental proportions with high geographic and economic diversity. despite its medical centers of excellence, antimicrobial resistance poses a major therapeutic challenge. rates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus are up to 60% and are related to an endemic brazilian clone. local resistance to vancomycin in enterococci was first related to enterococcus faecalis, which differs from european and american epidemiology. also, local klebsiella pneumoniae and esch ...201121467020
trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of enterococci in a brazilian tertiary hospital: a 4-year study.in the past two decades members of the genus enterococcus have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens worldwide. this study prospectively analyzed the distribution of species and trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of enterococci in a brazilian tertiary hospital from 2006-2009.201121468473
antibacterial activities of macrolactin a and 7-o-succinyl macrolactin a from bacillus polyfermenticus kjs-2 against vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.the principal objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of macrolactin a (ma) and 7-o-succinyl macrolactin a (sma) generated from bacillus polyfermenticus kjs-2 against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vres) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ma and sma against vres were 16 and 2∼1 μg/ml, respectively, and the mics of ma and sma against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus were 2 and < 0.25 μg/ml, re ...201121468926
identification of an n-terminal formylated, two-peptide bacteriocin from enterococcus faecalis 710c.enterococcus faecalis 710c, isolated from beef product, has a broad antimicrobial activity spectrum against foodborne pathogens. two bacteriocins, enterocin 7a (ent7a) and enterocin 7b (ent7b), were purified from the culture supernatant of e. faecalis 710c and characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and electrospray infusion tandem mass spectrometry analyses. these data and subsequent genetic analysis showed that ent7a and ent7b are produc ...201121469734
the antimicrobial efficacy of a silver alginate dressing against a broad spectrum of clinically relevant wound isolates.wound dressings impregnated with silver have a role to play in aiding to reduce both the dressing and wound microbial bioburden. it is therefore imperative that antimicrobial wound dressings have efficacy on a broad range of clinical significant microorganisms. accordingly, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of a silver alginate dressing against 115 wound isolates that had been isolated routinely from patients at west virginia university hospital. standardised corrected zon ...201121470369
deletion of the glycosyltransferase bgsb of enterococcus faecalis leads to a complete loss of glycolipids from the cell membrane and to impaired biofilm formation.abstract:201121470413
microbial ethanol production: experimental study and multivariate evaluation.ethanol can be produced from all the postmortem available substrates, though with higher rates and yields from carbohydrates, during the early stages of putrefaction. the so-called higher alcohols (1-propanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-2-butanol) and 1-butanol could be produced, from all the available postmortem substrates. however, a quantitative relationship between the produced ethanol and the potentially produced other alcohols is still missing. the objective of this study ...201121470803
intervention to reduce transmission of resistant bacteria in intensive care.intensive care units (icus) are high-risk settings for the transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre).201121488763
broiler breeders with an efficient innate immune response are more resistant to eimeria tenella.in previous studies we characterized the innate immune response of 2 parental broiler lines (a and b) and compared their resistance against salmonella, enterococcus, and campylobacter challenges. in all cases, line a was more responsive and more resistant than line b. in the present study, we sought to determine whether this trend was also observed following challenge with the protozoan parasite eimeria tenella. in 3 separate experiments, 14-d-old chickens from lines a and b were challenged oral ...201121489948
identification of a tetraene-containing product of the indanomycin biosynthetic pathway.the indanomycin biosynthetic gene (idm) cluster was recently identified from streptomyces antibioticus nrrl 8167. the disruption of one of these genes, idmh, and the increased production of a previously unreported metabolite in this mutant is reported. the structure of this compound was elucidated and was shown to possess a linear tetraene. this metabolite is not a logical biosynthetic intermediate of indanomycin but instead is likely an alternate product of the pathway.201121491871
antimicrobial susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes food isolates from different cities in colombia.abstract one hundred eight listeria monocytogenes food isolates from four cities in colombia and previously confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility. isolates were evaluated against 17 antimicrobials contained in the microstrep plus(®)3 panel (microscan system). susceptibility found for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and chloramphenicol was 100%, whereas it was 98% for other antimicrobials such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ...201121492027
clustering of polyclonal vanb-type vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in a low-endemic area was associated with cc17-genogroup strains harbouring transferable vanb2-tn5382 and prum-like repa containing plasmids with axe-txe plasmid addiction systems.vanb-type vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates (n = 17) from 15 patients at the örebro university hospital in sweden during a span of 18 months was characterized. all patients had underlying disorders and received broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) grouped 14 isolates in three pfge types and three isolates in unique pfge patterns. all isolates had multi-locus sequence types [st17 (n = 5); st18 (n = 3); st125 (n = 7); st262 (n = 1); st460 ( ...201121492224
two sporadic infected cardiac myxomas in 1 patient.infected cardiac myxoma is a rare cause of endocarditis. the finding of coexisting infected cardiac myxomas is highly unusual. herein, we present the case of a 58-year-old woman with a low-grade fever. laboratory findings strongly indicated inflammation, and blood cultures detected staphylococcus species. echocardiograms revealed mobile masses in the area of the mitral valve. transesophageal echocardiograms showed 2 formations that arose from opposite sides of the mitral annulus and protruded in ...201121494535
relationship of biofilm formation and gele gene expression in enterococcus faecalis recovered from root canals in patients requiring endodontic retreatment.enterococcus faecalis is known to be the most frequently detected species in root canals with failed endodontic treatment. many studies are available on biofilm formation and the expression of virulence factors such as gelatinase (gele) in e. faecalis. however, the relationship of biofilm formation and the expression of gele in e. faecalis recovered from root canals undergoing orthograde retreatment is not well understood.201121496662
global in vitro activity of tigecycline and linezolid against gram-positive organisms collected between 2004 and 2009.this study reports the antimicrobial activity of tigecycline and comparator antimicrobials, including linezolid, against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium collected as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) between 2004 and 2009. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined using broth microdilution methodology according to the guidelines of the clinical and laboratory standards institute (cls ...201121497066
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