Publications

intrinsically vancomycin-resistant gram-positive organisms: clinical relevance and implications for infection control.	intrinsic resistance to vancomycin in gram-positive bacteria presumably predates acquired vancomycin resistance in enterococci but it has only recently generated interest. intrinsically resistant enterococci possessing the vanc gene and the non-enterococcal genera leuconostoc, lactobacillus, pediococcus and erysipelothrix are known to cause human infection. this review examines the available data on their identification, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, clinical infections and antimicrobial ...	1999	10467540
antibodies to a synthetic 1-9-n-terminal amino acid fragment of mature pediocin pa-1: sensitivity and specificity for pediocin pa-1 and cross-reactivity against class iia bacteriocins.	polyclonal antibodies specific for pediocin pa-1 (peda1) were generated by immunization of rabbits with a chemically synthesized 1-9-n-terminal amino acid fragment of this bacteriocin (ph1) conjugated to the carrier protein keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh). the ph1 fragment holds a highly conserved amino acid sequence with closely related class iia bacteriocins. the sensitivity and specificity of the ph1-klh-generated rabbit polyclonal antibodies were evaluated by the development of various elis ...	1999	10537199
enhanced production of pediocin pa-1 and coproduction of nisin and pediocin pa-1 by lactococcus lactis.	the production and secretion of class ii bacteriocins share a number of features that allow the interchange of genetic determinants between certain members of this group of antimicrobial peptides. lactococcus lactis il1403 encodes translocatory functions able to recognize and mediate secretion of lactococcin a. the ability of this strain to also produce the pediococcal bacteriocin pediocin pa-1, has been demonstrated previously by the introduction of a chimeric gene, composed of sequences encodi ...	1999	10508073
lactic acid bacteria in the quality improvement and depreciation of wine.	the winemaking process includes two main steps: lactic acid bacteria are responsible for the malolactic fermentation which follows the alcoholic fermentation by yeasts. both types of microorganisms are present on grapes and on cellar equipment. yeasts are better adapted to growth in grape must than lactic acid bacteria, so the alcoholic fermentation starts quickly. in must, up to ten lactic acid bacteria species can be identified. they belong to the lactobacillus, pediococcus, leuconostoc and oe ...	1999	10532386
study of the micro-organisms associated with the fermented bread (khamir) produced from sorghum in gizan region, saudi arabia.	traditional bread (khamir) was made from sorghum flour of two local varieties, bayadh and hamra. the bread was prepared by mixing the sorghum flour with water and spices (onion, garlic, lemon juice and fenugreek) in a 1:0.8 (w/w) ratio and fermented for 24 h at 30 degrees c. two other fermentations were carried out using an inoculum from the previous fermentation. the micro-organisms were isolated from different plates and identified using different characterization systems. both total bacterial ...	1999	10063620
comparison of partial malolactic enzyme gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis of some lactic acid bacteria species and relationships with the malic enzyme.	dna sequences covering 36% of the mle gene that encodes the malolactic enzyme were determined for 13 strains of lactic acid bacteria, representing pediococcus, leuconostoc, lactobacillus and oenococcus genera. the sequences were aligned with the corresponding region of mles in lactococcus lactis. the phylogenetic distance matrix tree of all mle sequences was compared with the 16s rrna phylogenetic tree. the analysis showed that the mle fragment evolved more rapidly than the 16s gene and differen ...	1999	10555321
exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria strains from traditional thai fermented foods: isolation, identification and exopolysaccharide characterization.	lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from various traditional thai fermented foods were screened for exopolysaccharides (eps) production. from 104 isolates, two rod-shaped and five coccal-shaped lab were able to produce eps from sucrose on solid media. however, only the cocci were capable of producing eps in liquid media and these were identified as pediococcus pentosaceus. pediococcus pentosaceus strains ap-1 and ap-3 produced eps in high yield. in liquid media containing sucrose as carbon sourc ...	1999	10574086
changes in membrane fatty acid composition of pediococcus sp. strain nrrl b-2354 in response to growth conditions and its effect on thermal resistance.	membrane fatty acid composition and thermal resistance (d value) of pediococcus sp. were determined for mid-exponential-phase (me) and stationary-phase (st) cells grown in tryptic soy broth (tsb) and tryptone-glucose-yeast extract (tgy) at 28 and 37 degrees c. as the cells entered the stationary phase of growth, the unsaturated fatty acid, c18:1 n11c, produced during the exponential phase of growth was converted to its cyclic form, c19:0 delta9c. this shift in membrane fatty acid composition was ...	1999	10388676
prolonging cell-free protein synthesis with a novel atp regeneration system.	a new approach for the regeneration of adenosine triphosphate (atp) during cell-free protein synthesis was developed to prolong the synthesis and also to avoid the accumulation of inorganic phosphate. this approach was demonstrated in a batch system derived from escherichia coli. contrary to the conventional methods in which exogenous energy sources contain high-energy phosphate bonds, the new system was designed to generate continuously the required high-energy phosphate bonds within the reacti ...	1999	10577472
characterization and identification of pediococcus species isolated from forage crops and their application for silage preparation.	pediococcus species isolated from forage crops were characterized, and their application to silage preparation was studied. most isolates were distributed on forage crops at low frequency. these isolates could be divided into three (a, b, and c) groups by their sugar fermentation patterns. strains la 3, la 35, and ls 5 are representative isolates from groups a, b, and c, respectively. strains la 3 and la 35 had intragroup dna homology values above 93.6%, showing that they belong to the species p ...	1999	10388681
in vitro activities of ketolide hmr3647, macrolides, and other antibiotics against lactobacillus, leuconostoc, and pediococcus isolates.	testing of susceptibility to 13 antibiotics was performed with 90 isolates of lactobacillus, leuconostoc, and pediococcus. mics at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited by hmr3647, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin were 0.015, 0.125 and 32 microg/ml, respectively. the penicillin mic was > or = 16 microg/ml against 26.2% of the studied lactobacillus sp. isolates and 50% of lactobacillus plantarum. hmr3647 showed excellent activity against these genera.	1999	10582908
effect of ultrafiltration of yeast extracts on their ability to promote lactic acid bacteria growth.	five yeast extracts (ye) were fractionated by ultrafiltration (uf) with 1, 3, and 10 kda molecular weight cutoff membranes, concentrated by freeze-drying, and the resulting powders of yeast extract filtrates (yef) were evaluated for their growth-promoting properties on nine cultures of lactic acid bacteria (lab). there was an increase in alpha-amino nitrogen content of the yef powders as the pore size of the uf membranes used to filter the ye solutions decreased. the source of ye had a much grea ...	1999	10588041
effect of diacetyl on controlling escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium in the presence of starter culture in a laboratory medium and during meat fermentation.	diacetyl is a flavor compound that possesses antimicrobial activity and is found in several dairy products. the effect of diacetyl on controlling the growth of two foodborne pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium, when grown with pediococcus acidilactici as a meat starter culture was evaluated in a laboratory medium and during salami fermentation. diacetyl (50 ppm) added to each mixed culture system strongly inhibited the growth of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimuri ...	1999	10492469
gene expression systems for lactic acid bacteria.	considerable advances have been made in the genetics and molecular biology of lactic acid bacteria, including lactococcus, lactobacillus, leuconostoc, pediococcus and streptococcus spp. these have resulted in the construction of constitutive gene expression cassettes, inducible gene expression systems, and specific protein targeting systems for these bacteria. these developments are important in the food industry where lactic acid bacteria can be exploited as food-grade cell factories.	1999	10383867
bacterial surface antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies used to detect beer spoilage pediococci.	fourteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were isolated that react with surface antigens of pediococcus beer spoilage organisms, including p. damnosus, p. pentosaceous, p. acidilactici, and unspeciated isolates. immunoblotting, enzyme immunoassays (eias) of protease- and neuraminidase-treated surface antigen extracts, carbohydrate competition eias, and cardiolipin eias were used to characterize the bacterial antigens involved in mab binding. antigen stability in situ was tested by protease treatment ...	1999	10528399
reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 by stimulated pediococcus acidilactici.	this study was conducted to determine if stimulating the growth of meat starter culture (pediococcus acidilactici) in a laboratory medium (brain heart infusion broth +2.3% nacl + 1.5% sucrose; lbhi) and during meat fermentation would control escherichia coli o157:h7. in lbhi medium without p. acidilactici, the numbers of e. coli o157:h7 increased from 4.00 to 8.34 log10 cfu ml-1, whereas in the presence of p. acidilactici (approximately 6.0 log10 cfu ml-1) in lbhi, lbhim (lbhi + 0.005% mnso4), l ...	1999	10530043
induction and characterization of pediococcus acidilactici temperate bacteriophage	mitomycin c was used to induce temperate bacteriophage from three strains of pediococcus acidilactici. the new bacteriophage, designated pa97, pa40, and pa42, were characterized based on morphology, dna homology, and major protein profiles. morphological attributes (small isometric heads with non-contractile tails) place these bacteriophages within the b1 group of the family siphovirdae. restriction endonuclease digests suggested that the bacteriophage genomes were linear molecules without cohes ...	1999	10794138
identification of lactic acid bacteria from chili bo, a malaysian food ingredient.	ninety-two strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from a malaysian food ingredient, chili bo, stored for up to 25 days at 28 degreesc with no benzoic acid (product a) or with 7,000 mg of benzoic acid kg-1 (product b). the strains were divided into eight groups by traditional phenotypic tests. a total of 43 strains were selected for comparison of their sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) whole-cell protein patterns with a sds-page database of lab. iso ...	1999	9925588
detection and characterization of a novel antibacterial substance produced by lactobacillus plantarum st 31 isolated from sourdough.	lactobacillus plantarum st31 isolated from sourdough produced an antimicrobial substance inhibiting other strains of the genera lactobacillus, leuconostoc, pediococcus, streptococcus, bacillus and some foodborne pathogens including staphylococcus aureus. this antimicrobial substance was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes. consequently, it was characterized as a bacteriocin and was designated plantaricin st31. this bacteriocin was stable in the ph range 3-8 and it was not affected by amylolytic e ...	1999	10443536
identification and characterization of two bacteriocin-producing bacteria isolated from garlic and ginger root.	two bacteriocin-producing bacterial strains were isolated from garlic and ginger root by the agar overlay method. the bacteria were identified by 16s rrna sequence analyses and fermentation patterns as leuconostoc mesenteroides (garlic isolate) and lactococcus lactis (ginger isolate). the bacteriocins were assigned the names leucocin bc2 and lactocin gi3, respectively. physiochemical properties and antimicrobial spectra of the bacteriocins were determined by the spot-on-lawn method. both bacteri ...	1999	10456744
characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a thai low-salt fermented fish product and the role of garlic as substrate for fermentation.	lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from raw materials (fish, rice, garlic and banana leaves) and processed som-fak (a thai low-salt fermented fish product) were characterized by api 50-ch and other phenotypic criteria. lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and leuconostoc citreum were specifically associated with fish fillet and minced fish, lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei with boiled rice and weisella confusa with garlic mix and banana leaves. in addition, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobac ...	1999	10100902
biopreservation in modified atmosphere stored mungbean sprouts: the use of vegetable-associated bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria to control the growth of listeria monocytogenes.	two bacteriocinogenic strains of pediococcus parvulus and one bacteriocinogenic enterococcus mundtii strain were evaluated for their potential to control the growth of listeria monocytogenes on refrigerated, modified atmosphere (ma) stored mungbean sprouts. these three strains, which were isolated from minimally-processed vegetables, were shown to grow in culture broth at 4, 8, 15 and 30 degrees c. however, only ent. mundtii was capable of bacteriocin production at 4-8 degrees c. examination of ...	1999	10196774
cloning and expression of the pediocin operon in streptococcus thermophilus and other lactic fermentation bacteria.	production of pediocin in pediococcus acidilactici is associated with pmbr1.0, which encodes prepediocin, a pediocin immunity protein, and two proteins involved in secretion and precursor processing. these four genes are organized as an operon under control of a single promoter. we have constructed shuttle vectors that contain all four structural genes, the chromosomal promoter st(p2201) from streptococcus thermophilus, and repa from the 2-kbp s. thermophilus plasmid per8. the recombinant plasmi ...	1999	10489440
[studies on the lactate oxidase producing conditions by edwardsiella tarda].	a bacterium producing lactate oxidase was re-screened from five strains based on previous researches. the lactate oxidase activity was the highest in strain l1 and this stain was chosen as the enzyme source. morphological and physiological studies revealed that the bacterial strain l1 belongs to the edwardsiella tarda biogroup i. this stain is different from the reported strains mycobacterium and pediococcus, which produce lactate oxidase. the enzyme producing conditions were studied in shaking ...	1999	12555418
classification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the intestines of common carp and freshwater prawns.	fifty-four isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained from the intestines of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and freshwater prawns (macrobrachium rosenbergii) in nakorn-pathom province, thailand. all isolates were gram-positive and catalase-negative cocci that did not produce gas from glucose and formed dl or l(+) lactic acid only. most isolates were able to grow in broth at ph 9.6, in 6.5% nacl (w/v) and 40% (w/v) bile. these isolates were divided into six groups (a-f) by sugar fermentati ...	1999	12501375
the effects of a starter culture on the formation of biogenic amines in turkish soudjoucks.	the effects of starter culture containing lactobacillus sake, pediococcus pentosaceus, staphylococcus carnosus plus staphylococcus xylosus on the formation of biogenic amines during ripening of turkish soudjoucks were investigated. determination of eight different biogenic amines was carried out by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) using diode array detection. it was found that aerobic plate counts (apc) decreased in the samples with added starter culture. lactic acid b ...	1999	22063199
the influence of manufacturing and drying conditions on the survival and toxinogenesis of staphylococcus aureus in two spanish dry sausages (chorizo and salchichón).	the effects of formulation, starter culture and fermentation temperature on growth and synthesis of toxin a (sea) and tnase by staphylococcus aureus during fermentation and drying of spanish chorizo were investigated. inhibitory factors able to inhibit sea synthesis in culture media were unable to prevent sea production in chorizo fermented at 20 and 30°c, though a lower temperature and starter culture sp318 (lactobacillus sake, pediococcus pentosaceous and staphylococcus xylosus) decreased stap ...	1999	22062705
some characteristics of lactic acid bacteria present in commercial sucuk samples.	a total of 10 sucuk samples, obtained from denizli, turkey were analysed for some physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. in addition, lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains producing bacteriocin-like metabolites were isolated and identified. the production of some typical metabolites of the cultures isolated was investigated. at the end of the research, the average values of the ph, water and fat content were 5.1, and 37.2% and 30.5%, respectively. microbiological analyses results w ...	1998	22060621
conservation of the major cold shock protein in lactic acid bacteria.	primers designed from consensus regions of the major cold shock gene of different bacterial species were used in pcr amplification of lactic acid bacteria (lab). an appropriately-sized pcr product was obtained from lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ll43-1 and mg1363; lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris lc10-1, lc11-1, and lc12-1; streptococcus thermophilus st1-1; enterococcus faecalis ef1-1; lactobacillus acidophilus la1-1; lactobacillus helveticus lh1-1; pediococcus pentosaceus pp1-1; and bifidob ...	1998	9767713
generation of polyclonal antibodies of predetermined specificity against pediocin pa-1.	polyclonal antibodies of predetermined specificity for pediocin pa-1 (peda1) have been generated by immunization of rabbits with a chemically synthesized c-terminal fragment of this bacteriocin (ph2) conjugated to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh). the sensitivity and specificity of the ph2-klh-generated antibodies were evaluated by the development of various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas)-a noncompetitive indirect elisa (nci-elisa), a competitive indirect elisa (c ...	1998	9797320
a system for heterologous expression of bacteriocins in lactobacillus sake.	a system for efficient heterologous expression of class ii bacteriocins is described that is based on introducing two plasmids in a bacteriocin-negative lactobacillus sake strain. the first plasmid (psak20) contains the genes necessary for transcriptional activation of the sakacin a promoter as well as export and processing of bacteriocin precursors. the second plasmid (a plpv111 derivative) contains the structural and immunity genes for the bacteriocin of interest fused to the sakacin a promote ...	1998	9812374
protein modification by fermentation: effect of fermentation on the potential allergenicity of pea.	the effect of fermentation on components of potential significance for the allergenicity of pea was analyzed. pea flour was fermented with three lactic acid bacteria, pediococcus pentosaceus, lactococcus raffinolactis, and lactobacillus plantarum, and two fungi, rhizopus microsporus, var. oligosporus and geotrichum candidum. residual antigenicity against antipea antibodies was reduced to 10% by the three lactic acid bacteria and r. microsporus. reactions to anti-pea profilin and anti-bet v 1 wer ...	1998	9826013
aspects of microbiological and chemical quality of turmus, lupin seeds debittered by soaking in water.	eleven species of spherical lactic acid bacteria (lab) belonging to the genera leuconostoc, lactococcus, enterococcus and pediococcus were the predominant microorganisms in 40 samples of turmus, ready-to-eat lupin seeds debittered by boiling and soaking in water. the average counts of the lab in the 20 winter samples and the 20 summer samples were 7.4 and 8.7 log cfu/g, respectively. the averages of the enterobacteriaceae counts were 5.1 and 6.6 log cfu/g, respectively, and the 11 species isolat ...	1998	9829189
pediococcus acidilactici pneumonitis and bacteremia in a pregnant woman.		1998	9675696
characterization and antimicrobial spectrum of bifidocin b, a bacteriocin produced by bifidobacterium bifidum ncfb 1454.	five stains of bifidobacterium bifidum (atcc 11863 and 29591, and ncfb 1453, 1454, 1455) were examined for production of bacteriocins in mrs broth with 0.05% cysteine. only strain ncfb 1454 excreted a bacteriocin into the broth: it was designated bifidocin b. bifidocin b was sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes (protease iv, pronase e, protease xvii, proteinase k, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, papain, and pepsin), but was resistant to catalase, peroxidase, lipase, lysozyme, cellulase, ribonuc ...	1998	9708252
inactivation of microorganisms with microwaves at reduced temperatures.	we developed a pilot-plant nonthermal flow process using microwave energy to inactivate microorganisms. the process consists of multiple passes through the microwave generator. each passed material goes to a receiving tank for subsequent passes. the flow rate was 0.96 to 1.26 kg/min and the dwell time per pass was 1.1 to 1.5 min. five passes were used. the microwave energy is instantaneously and simultaneously applied to the system, and thermal energy is removed by a cooling tube within the proc ...	1998	9709231
nutritional quality of lactic fermented bitter gourd and fenugreek leaves.	pediococcus pentosaceus was selected from isolates obtained from the naturally fermenting bitter gourd and fenugreek leaves based on its high titre and broad spectrum of inhibitory activity against spoilage organisms. this strain was then employed for fermentation of bitter gourd and fenugreek which resulted in a more acceptable product having enhanced fat, pyridoxine and ascorbic acid levels. it was of interest to note that vitamin b12 was formed in the fenugreek as a result of the fermentation ...	1998	9713580
comparative studies of class iia bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria.	four class iia bacteriocins (pediocin pa-1, enterocin a, sakacin p, and curvacin a) were purified to homogeneity and tested for activity toward a variety of indicator strains. pediocin pa-1 and enterocin a inhibited more strains and had generally lower mics than sakacin p and curvacin a. the antagonistic activity of pediocin-pa1 and enterocin a was much more sensitive to reduction of disulfide bonds than the antagonistic activity of sakacin p and curvacin a, suggesting that an extra disulfide bo ...	1998	9726871
variations in tolerance of listeria monocytogenes to nisin, pediocin pa-1 and bavaricin a.	a collection of 381 listeria monocytogenes strains was examined for strain variations in nisin and pediocin sensitivity at three different concentrations on tryptic soya agar. two of the strains were able to grow on agar plates containing 500 iu nisin ml-1. these strains were characterized as having an enhanced nisin tolerance. twenty strains had normal growth on agar plates containing 1600 au pediocin ml-1 and higher. these strains were characterized as pediocin-resistant. another 34 strains, c ...	1998	9830144
discrimination among pediocin ach/pa-1 producer strains by comparison of pedb and pedd amplified genes and by multiplex pcr assay.	pediococcus acidilactici, pediococcus parvulus and lactobacillus plantarum pediocin ach/pa-1 produces strains were studied with the aim to investigate their common genetic pediocin determinant using peda, pedb, pedc and pedd gene-targeted pcr assay. single strand conformation polymorphism and restriction analysis of peda and pedc amplified fragments from the three different species did not show any differences in sequence while these analysis carried out on pedb and pedd amplified fragments high ...	1998	9841130
diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with ducks.	the diversity of lactic acid bacteria occurring in the crop and intestinal content of ducks of different ages (5 to 34 days) was evaluated using the rapd-pcr technique and comparative sequence analysis of 16s rrna. cluster analysis derived from isolates grown on rogosa agar used for the enrichment of lactic acid bacteria, revealed at least twenty six different groups of organisms representing species, subspecies and strains belonging to streptococcus, enterococcus, pediococcus, weissella and lac ...	1998	9924827
production of active chimeric pediocin ach in escherichia coli in the absence of processing and secretion genes from the pediococcus pap operon.	minimum requirements have been determined for synthesis and secretion of the pediococcus antimicrobial peptide, pediocin ach, in escherichia coli. the functional mature domain of pediocin ach (lys+1 to cys+44) is targeted into the e. coli sec machinery and secreted to the periplasm in active form when fused in frame to the cooh terminus of the secretory protein maltose-binding protein (mbp). the papc-papd specialized secretion machinery is not required for secretion of the mbp-pediocin ach chime ...	1998	9435056
production of pediocin pa-1 by lactococcus lactis using the lactococcin a secretory apparatus.	the class ii bacteriocins pediocin pa-1, from pediococcus acidilactici, and lactococcin a, from lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis wm4 have a number of features in common. they are produced as precursor peptides containing similar amino-terminal leader sequences with a conserved processing site (gly-gly at positions -1 and -2). translocation of both bacteriocins occurs via a dedicated secretory system. because of the strong antilisterial activity of pediocin pa-1, its production ...	1998	9501421
poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate production by lactic acid bacteria.	poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate was determined in lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera lactobacillus, lactococcus, pediococcus and streptococcus. lactobacilli were grown in mrs broth, the others were grown in elliker broth medium. cell biomass was obtained by centrifugation. the cell walls were lysed with sodium hypochlorite. poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate was extracted using chloroform in a soxhlet system. then it was converted to crotonic acid using sulfuric acid and the amount of crotonic acid w ...	1998	9503624
binding of heterocyclic amines by lactic acid bacteria from miso, a fermented japanese food.	miso, a widely used japanese fermented food was analysed for its lactic acid bacterial count on bromocresol purple agar. the binding of eight different foodborne carcinogenic heterocyclic amines to 25 bacterial isolates from miso were investigated. the heterocyclic amines used were 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl[5h]pyrido(4,3-b)indole (trp-p-1), 3-amino-1-methyl[5h]pyrido(4,3-b)indole (trp-p-2), 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a:3'2'-d)imidazole (glu-p-1), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (phi ...	1998	9543712
isolation and characterization of pediocin ach chimeric protein mutants with altered bactericidal activity.	a collection of pediocin ach amino acid substitution mutants was generated by pcr random mutagenesis of dna encoding the bacteriocin. mutants were isolated by cloning mutagenized dna into an escherichia coli male plasmid that directs the secretion of maltose binding protein-pediocin ach chimeric proteins and by screening transformant colonies for bactericidal activity against lactobacillus plantarum ncdo955 (k. w. miller, r. schamber, y. chen, and b. ray, 1998. appl. environ. microbiol. 64:14-20 ...	1998	9603806
fermentation of yam: microbiology and sensory evaluation of cooked fermented yam tissues.	the microflora of white yam (dioscorea rotundata l.) slices fermented anaerobically in 1.5 percent brine for five days at room temperature were studied. the hydrolysis of the carbohydrate and the subsequent conversion of sugars and minerals by the fermenting microbes contributed much to the increased microbial load especially within the first 72 hours of fermentation. the organisms implicated in the fermentation include the species of pediococcus, lactobacillus and pseudomonas, bacillus subtilis ...	1998	9839834
construction of a food-grade multiple-copy integration system for lactococcus lactis.	a food-grade vector system was developed that allows stable integration of multiple plasmid copies in the chromosome of lactococcus lactis. the vector consists of the plus origin of replication (ori+) of the lactococcal plasmid pwv01, the sucrose genes of the lactic acid bacterium pediococcus pentosaceus ppe1.0 as selectable marker, a multiple-cloning site, and a lactococcal dna fragment of a well-characterized chromosomal region. the system includes two l. lactis strains, ll108 and ll302, which ...	1998	9615484
sequencing and characterization of the xyl operon of a gram-positive bacterium, tetragenococcus halophila.	the xyl operon of a gram-positive bacterium, tetragenococcus halophila (previously called pediococcus halophilus), was cloned and sequenced. the dna was about 7.7 kb long and contained genes for a ribose binding protein and part of a ribose transporter, xylr (a putative regulatory gene), and the xyl operon, along with its regulatory region and transcription termination signal, in this order. the dna was at rich, the gc content being 35.8%, consistent with the gc content of this gram-positive bac ...	1998	9647823
characterization of the region downstream of the pilus biogenesis gene pilc1 in neisseria gonorrhoeae.	the nucleotide sequence of a 3 kb region downstream of pilc1 in neisseria gonorrhoeae ms11 was analyzed. this region contains two open reading frames, orf1 and orf2, and several repetitive dna elements. orf1 encodes an outer membrane protein that shows homology to orf98 of pediococcus acidilactici. pcr with primers specific for orf1 revealed that the gene is present in all gonococcal strains tested. the other open reading frame, orf2, is highly homologous to the putative integral membrane protei ...	1998	9565669
structural analysis of the exopolysaccharides produced by lactobacillus spp. g-77.	the exopolysaccharide produced by a ropy strain of lactobacillus spp. g-77 in a semi-defined medium, was found to be a mixture of two homopolymers composed of d-glc. the two poly-saccharides were separated and, on the basis of monosaccharide and methylation analyses, 1h, 13c, 1d and 2d nmr experiments, one of the polysaccharides was shown to be a 2-substituted-(1-3)-beta-d-glucan, identical to that described for the eps from pediococcus damnosus 2.6 (m.t. dueñas-chasco, m.a. rodríguez-carvajal, ...	1998	9658568
characterization of the genes encoding d-amino acid transaminase and glutamate racemase, two d-glutamate biosynthetic enzymes of bacillus sphaericus atcc 10208.	in bacillus sphaericus and other bacillus spp., d-amino acid transaminase has been considered solely responsible for biosynthesis of d-glutamate, an essential component of cell wall peptidoglycan, in contrast to the glutamate racemase employed by many other bacteria. we report here the cloning of the dat gene encoding d-amino acid transaminase and the glr gene encoding a glutamate racemase from b. sphaericus atcc 10208. the glr gene encodes a 28. 8-kda protein with 40 to 50% sequence identity to ...	1998	9696787
coagulin, a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by bacillus coagulans i4.	a protease-sensitive antibacterial substance produced by bacillus coagulans i4 strain, isolated from cattle faeces, was classified as a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance and named coagulin. the inhibitory spectrum included b. coagulans and unrelated bacteria such as enterococcus, leuconostoc, oenococcus, listeria and pediococcus. coagulin was stable at 60 degrees c for 90 min, at a ph ranging from 4 to 8 and appeared to be unaffected by alpha-amylase, lipase or organic solvents (10% v/v). co ...	1998	9721655
preliminary characterization of microflora of comté cheese.	the evolution of the microflora of three comté cheeses made in duplicate with raw milk from three different sources was followed during ripening. the same starter was used with each type of milk. the comparison of the cheeses did not reveal any significant difference in the development of the microflora. starter lactic acid bacteria (streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus helveticus), which are added at the beginning of manufacture, decreased quickly in the first stages of ripening support ...	1998	9721662
in-vitro activity of the new ketolide antibiotic hmr 3647 against gram-positive bacteria.	the comparative in-vitro activity of hmr 3647, a new ketolide antibiotic, was investigated against 492 clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria, including multiply resistant strains, by an agar-dilution technique. all streptococci tested were inhibited by the new ketolide at concentrations < or = 0.5 mg/l. hmr 3647 was more potent than erythromycin against staphylococci. for enterococci the new compound yielded an mic90 of 8 mg/l. erysipelothrix spp., pediococcus spp., leuconostoc spp., lacto ...	1998	9786468
xylose transport insensitivity to catabolite inhibition by phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in tetragenococcus halophila.	tetragenococcus halophila accumulates glucose and 2-deoxyglucose (dglc) via the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts), and pentoses, maltose, and glycerol via non-pts carriers. based on the discovery that xylose metabolism in t. halophila was subject to catabolite repression but not to catabolite inhibition, we designed a selection protocol for thermosensitive mutants pleiotropically unable to use sugars. one such mutant was a ptsi mutant with a thermosensitive enzyme i (ei) ...	1998	9805368
pediocin n5p from pediococcus pentosaceus: adsorption on bacterial strains.	pediocin n5p is a bacteriocin produced by pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from wine. it is absorbed on both sensitive and resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in non specific (non lethal) sites and higher values, up to 30% are observed in sensitive strains suggesting the presence of particular (lethal) receptors. cell death without lysis is produced by the action of pediocin on sensitive strains. the cations mg2+ and mn2+ increase the pediocin binding by 80 and 100%, respectively. ...	1998	9562879
detection and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris r isolated from radish.	bacteria isolated from radish were identified as lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris r and their bacteriocin was designated lactococcin r. lactococcin r was sensitive to some proteolytic enzymes (proteinase-k, pronase-e, proteases, pepsin, alpha-chymotrypsin) but was resistant to trypsin, papain, catalase, lysozyme and lipase, organic solvents, or heating at 90 degrees c for 15, 30 and 60 min, or 121 degrees c for 15 min. lactococcin r remained active after storage at -20 and -70 degrees c for 3 ...	1998	9633097
influence of growth medium on thermal resistance of pediococcus sp. nrrl b-2354 (formerly micrococcus freudenreichii) in liquid foods.	pediococcus sp. is a nonpathogenic heat-resistant spoilage organism that has been used as a test organism in milk pasteurization studies. these characteristics make this bacterium an attractive test organism to study the mode of bacterial thermal inactivation in a food pilot plant. we report here the effect of growth medium on the thermal d value of this organism in skim milk, whole liquid egg, 10% glucose solution, pineapple juice, apple juice, tomato juice, and water at 60 degrees c. thermal i ...	1998	9709230
isolation, purification and partial characterization of plantaricin 423, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus plantarum.	lactobacillus plantarum 423, isolated from sorghum beer, produces a bacteriocin (plantaricin 423) which is inhibitory to several food spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens, including bacillus cereus, clostridium sporogenes, enterococcus faecalis, listeria spp. and staphylococcus spp. plantaricin 423 is resistant to treatment at 80 degrees c, but loses 50% of its activity after 60 min at 100 degrees c and 75% of its activity after autoclaving (121 degrees c, 15 min). plantaricin 423 remains ...	1998	9717299
comparative study of lactic acid bacteria house flora isolated in different varieties of 'chorizo'.	a total of 516 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from 'chorizo' (a spanish dry fermented sausage) were identified. the 'chorizo' was from three zones of castilla and león in spain: burgos, segovia and salamanca. two factories were chosen in each zone and the samples were taken at three stages of ripening. l. sake was the most predominant species present (68.8%) followed by l. curvatus (16.47%) and pediococcus sp. (8.52%). different strains that do not belong to the above species were grou ...	1998	9562884
selective fermentation of xylose by a mutant of tetragenococcus halophila defective in phosphoenolpyruvate:mannose phosphotransferase, phosphofructokinase, and glucokinase.	tetragenococcus halophila is a gram-positive halophilic lactic acid bacterium used for soy sauce fermentation. we isolated a mutant, t. halophila 3e4, triply defective in phosphoenolpyruvate:mannose phosphotransferase, phosphofructokinase, and glucokinase. 3e4 selectively metabolized pentoses such as xylose and arabinose in the presence of hexoses such as glucose and galactose. we present here an example of the metabolic engineering of catabolite control.	1998	9836445
novel bacteriocin of pediococcus sp. isk-1 isolated from well-aged bed of fermented rice bran.		1998	9928112
lactic acid bacteria of foods and their current taxonomy.	application of molecular genetic techniques to determine the relatedness of food-associated lactic acid bacteria has resulted in significant changes in their taxonomic classification. during the 1980s the genus streptococcus was separated into the three genera enterococcus, lactococcus and streptococcus. the lactic acid bacteria associated with foods now include species of the genera carnobacterium, enterococcus, lactobacillus, lactococcus, leuconostoc, oenococcus, pediococcus, streptococcus, te ...	1997	9168311
identification of a cold shock gene in lactic acid bacteria and the effect of cold shock on cryotolerance.	when lactic acid bacterial cultures were frozen at -20 degrees c for 24 h, the cell viability decreased drastically, but when they were cold shocked at 10 degrees c for 2 h prior to freezing, viability improved significantly for the lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains (25-37%) and pediococcus pentosaceus po2 (18%), but not for the lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains tested or for one strain of lactobacillus helveticus lb1 and streptococcus thermophilus ts2. when the period for cold s ...	1997	9175562
generation of polyclonal antibodies against a chemically synthesized n-terminal fragment of the bacteriocin pediocin pa-1.	six mice were immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a chemically synthesized 9-mer fragment (ph1) designed from the n-terminal part of the bacteriocin pediocin pa-1 and conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh). after three doses of the immunogen had been administered, serum-specific antibodies were detected by a competitive direct elisa. myeloma cells were injected i.p. into mice in order to obtain ascites polyclonal antibodies. although four mice developed ascites, only mouse 2 had dete ...	1997	9203405
tetragenococcus muriaticus sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented squid liver sauce.	a total of 11 strains of moderately halophilic histamine-producing bacteria isolated from fermented squid liver sauce were studied phenotypically, genotypically, and phylogenetically. these strains are considered members of the genus tetragenococcus based on their physiological, morphological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics. a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that these strains clustered with, but were separate from, tetragenococcus halophilus. the results of dna-dna hybridization expe ...	1997	9226914
lactic acid bacteria: hydrophobicity and strength of attachment to meat surfaces.	the hydrophobicity and strength of attachment of several lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial activity were studied. hydrophobicity was determined by bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (bath; octane or xylene), adhesion to nitrocellulose filters (ncf), salt aggregation test (sat) and adherence to phenyl-sepharose beads (psb). the relative hydrophobicity of lactic acid bacteria depended markedly on the method used. no correlation between either sat or bath (octane) and strength of attachment ...	1997	9023999
cloning and expression of the glutamate racemase gene of bacillus pumilus.	a glutamate racemase gene (muri) was found in bacillus pumilus cells and cloned into escherichia coli wm335, a d-glutamate auxotroph, by means of a genetic complement method. muri of b. pumilus encodes a 272-amino acid protein with an unusual initiation codon, ttg. the deduced amino acid sequence shows significant similarity with those of glutamate racemases from e. coli (ratio of identical residues, 28%), pediococcus pentosaceus (44%), and staphylococcus haemolyticus (49%). b. pumilus muri was ...	1997	9354391
a specific oligonucleotide primer for the rapid detection of lactobacillus lindneri by polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed for the rapid detection of the beer-spoilage heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium lactobacillus lindneri. three strains, the chinese brewery isolate da1, the japanese commercial beer isolate bg2, and the japanese brewery isolate se3, which were serologically classified as belonging to l. lindneri, were used in this study. after sequencing the 16s rdna of the isolates da1 and bg2 and the typical beer-spoilage heterofermentative lactobacil ...	1997	9090105
a computerised system for the identification of lactic acid bacteria.	a generic computerised system for the identification of bacteria was developed. the system is equipped with a key to the identification of lactic acid bacteria. the identification is carried out in two steps. the first step distinguishes groups of bacteria by following a decision tree with general identification tests. the second step in the identification is the distinction of species within a group on the basis of biochemical fermentation patterns. during grouping, probabilities for test failu ...	1997	9498138
structural analysis of the exopolysaccharide produced by pediococcus damnosus 2.6.	the exopolysaccharide produced by a ropy strain of pediococcus damnosus (2.6) in a semi-defined medium was found to be an homopolymer composed of d-glucose. on the basis of monosaccharide and methylation analysis, 1h, 13c, 1d and 2d nmr experiments the polysaccharide was shown to consist of repeating units with the following structure. [sequence: see text]	1997	9403990
molecular analysis of the replication region of the theta-replicating plasmid pucl287 from tetragenococcus (pediococcus) halophilus atcc33315.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the 8.7-kb theta-replicating plasmid pucl287 from tetragenococcus halophilus (formerly pediococcus halophilus) atcc33315 has been determined. the replication region was identified and analyzed. its nucleotide sequence contains an untranslated region, the replication origin, followed by two open reading frames (orfs) encoding two proteins of 311 (repa287) and 168 (repb287) amino acids, respectively. evidence is presented to show that repa287 represents the plas ...	1997	9294035
effect of vancomycin on intestinal flora of patients who previously received antimicrobial therapy.	to evaluate the ecological disturbances of peroral vancomycin administration following cephalosporin administration, 20 healthy volunteers received cefuroxime axetil tablets (250 mg) perorally twice a day for 1 week, and 10 of these volunteers subsequently received vancomycin capsules (125 mg) perorally four times daily for 7 days. the concentration of vancomycin in feces after 1 week of vancomycin administration was high (mean +/- sd, 520 +/- 197 mg/kg), which correlated with the ecological dis ...	1997	9314469
a bacteriocin of strain pediococcus sp. isk-1 isolated from nukadoko, bed of fermented rice bran.	pediococcus sp. isk-1 isolated in our laboratory from well-aged nukadoko, produces a bacteriocin which has a unique antimicrobial spectrum among pediocins. the bacteriocin was stable at acidic ph, and more than 60% of antimicrobial activity still remained even after being autoclaved at 121 degrees c for 20 min in the ph range of 3 to 8. this is the first report dealing with a bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from nukadoko.	1997	9214771
rapid purification, partial characterization, and antimicrobial spectrum of the bacteriocin, pediocin acm, from pediococcus acidilactici m.	the bacteriocin from pediococcus acidilactici m, designated as pediocin acm, was rapidly purified to homogeneity by the ph mediated cell adsorption-desorption method and semi-preparative reversed-phase hplc. the purification yield was 40.4% and the specific activity was increased by 2450-fold. it gave a single band and a single peak on sds-page and hplc analysis, respectively. when subjected to electrospray lc-ms analysis, the protein was found to be highly pure and the molecular weight was dete ...	1997	9237116
purification of bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria: problems and pointers.	bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria have been widely studied in recent years. however, there are relatively few studies that describes their biochemical structure. this study may be due to the many challenges associated with the purification of these antimicrobial peptides. this review focuses on the purification procedures used with bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria and conveys some of the problems associated with this process as well as some of the lessons learned. an improvement in the ef ...	1997	9029252
in vitro antibacterial activity of ly333328, a new semisynthetic glycopeptide.	ly333328 is a semisynthetic n-alkyl derivative of ly264826, a naturally occurring structural analog of vancomycin. ly333328 was evaluated for its in vitro inhibitory and bactericidal activities in comparison with those of the two currently available glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin). glycopeptide-susceptible test strains included a total of 311 isolates (most of clinical origin) from the genera staphylococcus, enterococcus, streptococcus, aerococcus, gemella, lactococcus, listeria, cory ...	1997	9333042
detection and speciation of bacteria through pcr using universal major cold-shock protein primer oligomers.	the detection of bacteria using pcr is a well-established diagnostic technique. however, conventional pcr requires the use of dna primer oligomers that are specific to the target organism and, as a consequence, a sample can only be tested for the presence of that specific target. a significant advantage would be to probe a sample for the presence of any bacteria, followed by identification. to achieve this it is necessary to identify a dna sequence common to all bacteria. here we demonstrate tha ...	1997	9439003
interactions of nisin and pediocin pa-1 with closely related lactic acid bacteria that manifest over 100-fold differences in bacteriocin sensitivity.	the natural variation in the susceptibilities of gram-positive bacteria towards the bacteriocins nisin and pediocin pa-1 is considerable. this study addresses the factors associated with this variability for closely related lactic acid bacteria. we compared two sets of nonbacteriocinogenic strains for which the mics of nisin and pediocin pa-1 differed 100- to 1,000-fold: lactobacillus sake dsm20017 and l. sake dsm20497 and pediococcus dextrinicus and pediococcus pentosaccus. strikingly, the bact ...	1997	9293015
growth, maintenance and fermentation pattern of the salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium tetragenococcus halophila in anaerobic glucose limited retention cultures.	the homofermentative lactic acid bacterium tetragenococcus halophila showed mixed acid fermentation at low growth-rates under glucose limiting conditions and in the presence of 10% nacl. maximum growth yields in fermentors with cell retention were not affected by ph, but maintenance requirement was at ph 5.2 four times higher than at ph 7.0. despite the high salt-concentration of the medium, maintenance requirements were low compared to other lactic acid bacteria. the possible causes of the obse ...	1997	9403109
purification and partial characterization of a tripeptidase from pediococcus pentosaceus k9.2.	a tripeptidase was purified from the cytoplasm of pediococcus pentosaceus k9.2 by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. the molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration at 100,000 da. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified peptidase showed one protein band of 45,000 da. optimal enzyme activity was obtained at ph 7.0 and at 50 degrees c. the peptidase hydrolyzed all tripeptides t ...	1997	9406407
identification of pediococcus acidilactici and pediococcus pentosaceus based on 16s rrna and ldhd gene-targeted multiplex pcr analysis.		1997	9228758
molecular characterization of the replicon of the pediococcus pentosaceus 43200 pediocin a plasmid pmd136.	the pediocin a-encoding plasmid of pediococcus pentosaceus 43200, pmd136, was characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. analysis of its replicon was facilitated by the construction of a probe vector consisting of the escherichia coli plasmid psp72 and the cat gene from staphylococcus aureus plasmid pc194. the replication region of pmd136 was localized on a 1.6-kb ecori/bglii fragment. sequencing analysis revealed a non-coding region, repa, spanning the first 440 bp, followed by an open readi ...	1997	9228759
pediocin pd-1, a bactericidal antimicrobial peptide from pediococcus damnosus ncfb 1832.	pediocin pd-1, produced by pediococcus damnosus ncfb 1832, is inhibitory to several food spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens. however, pediocin pd-1 is not active against other pediococcus spp. and differs in this respect to other pediocins produced by pediococcus acidilactici and pediococcus pentosaceus. production of pediocin pd-1 starts during early growth and reaches-a plateau at the end of exponential growth. pediocin pd-1 was partially purified and its size was determined by tricine ...	1997	9246779
detection and partial characterization of a bacteriocin produced by carnobacterium piscicola 213.	blis 213, is a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by carnobacterium piscicola 213. it is active against carnobacterium, enterococcus and listeria spp. no activity was observed against tested lactobacillus, lactococcus, leuconostoc and pediococcus strains, nor against gram-negative bacteria. the blis 213 activity was inactivated by several proteolytic enzymes. it was heat resistant (121 degrees c for 20 min), and stable over a ph range of 2-8. activity was determined by a dilution mic ...	1997	9281850
purification and partial characterization of an antigen specific to lactobacillus brevis strains with beer spoilage activity.	certain lactobacillus brevis strains are resistant to hop-derived compounds such as isohumulone and are able to grow in beer. in this study, we raised an antiserum against our beer spoilage laboratory strain l. brevis 578 which reacted with 23 of 24 beer spoilers and two of 13 non-spoilers in precipitation reactions using 0.5 m naoh cell extracts. this specific antigen to the beer spoilage l. brevis strains (sabsl) was demonstrated to be located beneath the s-layer proteins by agglutination reac ...	1997	9228750
optimization of the culture medium for growth and the kinetics of lactate fermentation by pediococcus sp. isk-1.	the growth of a newly isolated strain of pediococcus sp., designated isk-1, was very slow and the concentration of cells in the medium remained low. fermentation with an initial 30 g/liter glucose required about 60 h. to stimulate fermentation, we attempted to optimize the medium by flask culture and jar fermentation tests. mevalonic acid and mieki (soy bean hydrolyzate) stimulated fermentation and increased the rate of formation of dl-lactate. kinetic analysis of the fermentation showed that me ...	1997	9145518
antimicrobial characteristics of quinupristin/dalfopristin (synercid at 30:70 ratio) compared to alternative ratios for in vitro testing.	quinupristin/dalfopristin is a new streptogramin combination that occurs at a natural ratio and formulation of 30:70. rapid metabolism of the dalfopristin component to rp 12536 in vivo puts in question the validity of in vitro test of spectrum with the parent combination. in studies of quinupristin with both dalfopristin and rp 12536, a wide range of ratios (30:70, 50:50, 70:30) were tested by reference mic and mbc tests. no significant potency differences were observed between combination ratio ...	1997	9154409
dried sausages fermented with staphylococcus xylosus at different temperatures and with different ingredient levels. part iv. amino acid profile.	sausages with added staphylococcus xylosus were fermented at different temperatures and with different added levels of salt, glucose, nitrite, nitrate and pediococcus pentosaceus in accordance with a six-factor fractional design. the amounts of individual amino acids were measured and the effects of temperature and different ingredients on the amino acid profile were tested using multiple linear regression and analysis of variance. also, the amino acid profile was correlated to the level of vola ...	1997	22061849
vegetable-associated pediococcus parvulus produces pediocin pa-1.	two bacteriocin-producing strains of pediococcus parvulus were isolated from minimally processed vegetables. recombinant dna techniques revealed the presence of the pediocin pa-1 gene in both strains. biochemical analysis confirmed the production of pediocin pa-1 and excluded the presence of other bacteriocins.	1997	16535615
development and characterization of lactose-positive pediococcus species for milk fermentation.	bacteriophages against streptococcus thermophilus are a growing problem in the italian cheese industry. one possible control method involves replacing s. thermophilus in mozzarella starter blends with lactic acid bacteria from a different genus or species. in this study, we evaluated lactose-positive pediococci for this application. because we could not identify any commercially available pediococci with fast acid-producing ability in milk, we transformed pediococcus pentosaceus atcc 25744, p. p ...	1996	16535280
regulation of the glutamate racemase of escherichia coli investigated by site-directed mutagenesis.	the biosynthesis of d-glutamic acid, one of the essential components of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan, is catalyzed by a glutamate racemase in escherichia coli. while the other reported glutamate racemases from various (essentially gram-positive) bacterial species did not require any specific activator, the e. coli enzyme absolutely requires the presence of the peptidoglycan precursor udp-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine to catalyze the interconversion of glutamic acid isomers. a comparison of the ...	1996	9158721
biochemical and genetic characterization of enterocin a from enterococcus faecium, a new antilisterial bacteriocin in the pediocin family of bacteriocins.	a new bacteriocin has been isolated from an enterococcus faecium strain. the bacteriocin, termed enterocin a, was purified to homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, n-terminal amino acid sequencing, and mass spectrometry analysis. by combining the data obtained from amino acid and dna sequencing, the primary structure of enterocin a was determined. it consists of 47 amino acid residues, and the molecular weight was calculated to be 4,829, assuming tha ...	1996	8633865
in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin (rp 59500) against a large collection of infrequently isolated or tested species.	quinupristin/dalfopristin (rp 59500, synercid) is a parenteral streptogramin combination antimicrobial that possesses a synergistic and often bactericidal action against many grampositive species. in this study, a collection of 1270 uncommonly isolated or tested strains were evaluated for susceptibility to quinupristin/dalfopristin using agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) methods described in the national committe for clinical laboratory standards. the greatest antimicrobial ac ...	1996	8902412
microbiology of mesu, a traditional fermented bamboo shoot product.	the use of mesu as a pickle and as the base of curry is a tradition in the darjeeling hills and sikkim of india. a total of 327 strains of lactic acid bacteria, representing lactobacillus plantarum, l. brevis and pediococcus pentosaceus were isolated from 30 samples of mesu. these species were present in all samples of raw bamboo shoots tested. mesu was dominated by l. plantarum followed by l. brevis; p. pentosaceus was isolated less frequently and recovered from only 40-50% of the mesu samples. ...	1996	8722186
application of antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria to control pathogens in ready-to-use vegetables.	five psychrotrophic strains of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus casei, lact. plantarum and pediococcus spp.) were isolated from 22 samples of commercial salads. these strains were shown to inhibit aeromonas hydrophila, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus on mrs agar, in salads and in juice prepared from vegetable salads. lactobacillus casei impclc34 was most effective in reducing total mesophilic bacteria and the coliform group; aer. hydrophila, salm. typh ...	1996	8760320
pediocin 5 production and plasmid stability during continuous free and immobilized cell cultures of pediococcus acidilactici ul5.	continuous production of pediocin 5 from pediococcus acidilactici ul5 was investigated in mrs medium at different ph and dilution rates during continuous free cell (fc) and immobilized cell (ic) fermentations. pediocin 5 activity from fc operated at a dilution rate of 0.31 h-1 largely increased from 128 to 2048 au ml-1 as ph decreased from 7.0 to 5.0. pediocin 5 activity in ic at a dilution rate of 0.93 h-1 was much less affected by ph, varying from 256 au ml-1 at ph 7.0 to 512 au ml-1 at ph 5.0 ...	1996	8698665
application of direct-fed microbial bacteria and fructooligosaccharides for salmonella control in broilers during feed withdrawal.	providing direct-fed-microbial (dfm) bacteria and fructooligosaccharides (fos) for the control of potential escalation of salmonella colonization during simulated feed withdrawal and confinement was assessed. eight hundred and eighty broilers (16 pens; 55 chicks per pen) were reared to 6 wk of age. chicks were sprayed with a solution containing 10(6) nalidixic-acid resistant salmonella typhimuriumnr cells per milliliter on the 2nd d after hatching. because this first challenge did not yield a hi ...	1996	8833368
genomic organization of lactic acid bacteria.	current knowledge of the genomes of the lactic acid bacteria, lactococcus lactis and streptococcus thermophilus, and members of the genera lactobacillus, leuconostoc, pediococcus and carnobacterium, is reviewed. the genomes contain a chromosome within the size range of 1.8 to 3.4 mbp. plasmids are common in lactococcus lactis (most strains carry 4-7 different plasmids), some of the lactobacilli and pediococci, but they are not frequently present in s. thermophilus, lactobacillus delbrueckii subs ...	1996	8879406