Publications

examination of gills from salmonids with bacterial gill disease using monoclonal antibody probes for flavobacterium branchiophilum and cytophaga columnaris.	bacterial diseases of the gills of commercially reared salmonids in freshwater are common problems. they accounted for 18% of all diagnostic submissions to the atlantic veterinary college from commercial fish hatcheries. definitive diagnosis is difficult because of the growth characteristics of the putative bacteria in culture. research into the pathogenesis of these diseases has also been similarly limited. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed to 2 globally significant gill bacterial pat ...	1995	8580172
association of cytophaga psychrophila with mortality among eyed eggs of atlantic salmon (salmo salar).	although pseudomonas fluorescens was the predominant bacterium associated with atlantic salmon (salmo salar) eggs incubated at the white river national fish hatchery (bethel, vermont) during january 1992, the fish pathogen cytophaga psychrophila was isolated only from specific lots of eggs that displayed poor survival (35% eye-up).	1995	8583633
gliding bacterial adjuvant stimulates feline cytokines in vitro and antigen-specific igg in vivo.	gliding bacterial adjuvant (gba) has been previously characterized as a potent immune modulator, stimulating the growth of murine b lymphocytes, inducing murine nk cell activity, and promoting the release of several murine cytokines. based on these studies and our interest in potentiating the effectiveness of feline vaccines, gba was tested for its ability to stimulate feline t cells in vitro and act as a vaccine adjuvant in vivo. in vitro, gba stimulated feline pbls to proliferate and release i ...	1995	8585283
intraspecific variation in small-subunit rrna sequences in genbank: why single sequences may not adequately represent prokaryotic taxa.	small-subunit rrna (ssu rrna) sequencing is a powerful tool to detect, identify, and classify prokaryotic organisms, and there is currently an explosion of ssu rrna sequencing in the microbiology community. we report unexpectedly high levels of intraspecific variation (within and between strains) of prokaryote ssu rrna sequences deposited in genbank. a total of 82% of the prokaryote species with two published ssu rrna sequences had more variable positions than a 0.1% random sequencing error woul ...	1995	8590690
purification, characterization and specificity of chondroitin lyases and glycuronidase from flavobacterium heparinum.	the chondroitin lyases from flavobacterium heparinum (cytophaga heparinia) have been widely used in depolymerization of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan chondroitin sulphates. oligosaccharide products derived from chondroitin sulphate can be further degraded by glycuronidases and sulphatases obtained from the same organism. there has been no reported purification of these enzymes to homogeneity nor is there any information on their physical and kinetic characteristics. the absence of pure enzy ...	1995	8526872
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding the collagenase from cytophaga sp. l43-1 strain.	cytophaga sp. strain l43-1 secretes a collagenase [y. sasagawa et al., biosci. biotech. biochem., 57, 1894-1898 (1993)]. a cog gene encoding the collagenase from this strain was cloned, and the nucleotides were sequenced. the structural gene of cog consisted of 3846 base pairs, which encoded a polypeptide consisting of 1282 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 130 kda which was synthesized as a pre-matured enzyme. the deduced n-terminal 14 amino acids sequence, molecular mass o ...	1995	8541644
purification and characterization of a raw-starch digesting amylase from a soil bacterium--cytophaga sp.	a newly isolated bacterium from soil, identified as cytophaga sp. was found to produce raw-starch digesting amylase. the enzyme was purified from 24-hr cultured medium through ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-sepharose cl 6b ion exchange chromatography and sephacryl s-200 gel filtration. the preparation was proved to be homogeneous by sds-page. the subunit molecular weight determined by sds-page was 59 kd. the optimum temperature was 50 degrees c on soluble starch and 60 degrees c on raw sta ...	1995	7539663
bacterial community structures of phosphate-removing and non-phosphate-removing activated sludges from sequencing batch reactors.	the bacterial community structures of phosphate- and non-phosphate-removing activated sludges were compared. sludge samples were obtained from two sequencing batch reactors (sbrs), and 16s rdna clone libraries of the bacterial sludge populations were established. community structures were determined by phylogenetic analyses of 97 and 92 partial clone sequences from sbr1 (phosphate-removing sludge) and sbr2 (non-phosphate-removing sludge), respectively. for both sludges, the predominant bacterial ...	1995	7544094
recovery of uncommon bacteria from blood: association with neoplastic disease.	table 6 is a summary of the organisms discussed with a listing of the environmental source, the endogenous source, the predisposing factors including neoplasms, and the postulated mechanisms by which the organism can gain access to the circulation. the evidence considered indicates that the entrance of one of these microorganisms into the bloodstream of a human being depends on the presence of multiplicity of predisposing factors. in the majority of cases of bacteremia due to one of these unusua ...	1995	7553569
biodiversity of gas vacuolate bacteria from antarctic sea ice and water.	psychrophilic, gas vacuolate, heterotrophic bacteria indigenous to sea ice communities in antarctica have been isolated. phylogenetic analysis of representative members of these bacteria shows that they belong to the alpha, beta, and gamma proteobacteria and the flavobacteria-cytophaga group. this is the first report of gas vacuolate bacteria from the beta proteobacteria and the flavobacteria-cytophaga groups.	1995	7574660
sulfobacins a and b, novel von willebrand factor receptor antagonists. ii. structural elucidation.	sulfobacins a and b are novel von willebrand factor (vwf) receptor antagonists produced by chryseobacterium sp. nr 2993. the structures of sulfobacins a and b have been determined to be (2r,3r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(r)-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecanamido]-15- methylhexadecanesulfonic acid and (2r,3r)-3-hydroxy-15-methyl-2-[13-methyltetradecanamido]- hexadecanesulfonic acid, respectively, by various 2d nmr experiments and by methanolysis. the absolute configurations of the sulfobacins were determined by a ...	1995	7592057
[the level of dna homology in species of the genus cytophaga].	nucleotide composition, genome size and dna homologies were studied for strains cytophaga johnsonae dsm 425, c. pectinovora dsm 6368, c. saccharophyla dsm 1811, c. aquatilis dsm 2063, c. flevensis dsm 1076, c. lytica atcc 23 178, c. arvensicola dsm 3695, c. heparina dsm 2356. a considerable difference in gs-bases level between species of genus cytophaga (33.3-34.9 mol %) and incertae sedis species (c. heparina and c. arvensicola) (45.0-46.7 mol. %) was shown. the differentiation between freshwat ...	1995	7655657
[growth and survival of azospirillum in roots and maize rhizospheres with different levels of acidity].	an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of ph on azospirillum sp. growth and survival in maize rhizosphere. sterilized maize seeds were sown in a perlite substratum with addition of a nutritive medium. the pots were buffered at two different phs: 5.8 (group one) and 7.0 (group two). each group was divided in two treatments: inoculated with azospirillum sp. az-39 and non-inoculated. experimental pots were incubated at 20 degrees c with a 14 hour photoperiod. growth of non-in ...	1995	8552763
development of an rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probe specific for the genus acinetobacter and its application for in situ monitoring in activated sludge.	enhanced biological phosphate removal in an anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge system has generally been ascribed to members of the genus acinetobacter. a genus-specific 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probe was developed to investigate the role of acinetobacter spp. in situ. nonisotopic dot blot hybridization to 66 reference strains, including the seven described acinetobacter spp., demonstrated the expected probe specificity. fluorescent derivatives were used for in situ monitoring of acinet ...	1994	7512807
[distribution of alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidases in marine and freshwater microorganisms].	the distribution of the alpha-n-acetylgalactosidases producers among 856 marine bacteria isolated from sea water, sediments and associated with sponges, mollusks, echinoderms inhabited in different area of the pacific ocean and 423 baikalian microorganisms from fresh water and sponges have been studied. about 24% as marine as baikalian strains produced this enzyme. the most number of alpha-n-ac-galactosidase producers were found for marine bacteria genera aeromonas, alteromonas and vibrio (71% a ...	1994	7898396
the sequence of the single 16s rrna gene of the thermophilic eubacterium rhodothermus marinus reveals a distant relationship to the group containing flexibacter, bacteroides, and cytophaga species.	rhodothermus marinus, a gram-negative heterotrophic marine thermophile, has been the subject of several recent studies. isolation, sequencing, and analyses of a 16s rrna gene have shown that r. marinus diverges sharply from major bacterial phyla and is most closely allied to the flexibacter-cytophaga-bacteroides group. further analyses revealed that the r. marinus chromosome contains a single rrna operon with a 16s-23s intergenic region coding for trna(ile) and trna(ala).	1994	7928984
phylogeny and lipid composition of thermonema lapsum, a thermophilic gliding bacterium.	1,490 nucleotides of the 16s rrna gene of a gram-negative, thermophilic and gliding bacterium, thermonema lapsum, have been sequenced. phylogenetic analysis indicates that t. lapsum is related to cytophaga-flavobacteria-bacteroides (cfb) and is confirmed by the identification signature nucleotides that define this group. further phylogenetic analysis indicates that t. lapsum forms the deepest branch in the cfb group; this observation was confirmed by the identification of unique nucleotide and n ...	1994	8138143
phylogeny of bacteroides, prevotella, and porphyromonas spp. and related bacteria.	the phylogenetic structure of the bacteroides subgroup of the cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides (cfb) phylum was examined by 16s rrna sequence comparative analysis. approximately 95% of the 16s rrna sequence was determined for 36 representative strains of species of prevotella, bacteroides, and porphyromonas and related species by a modified sanger sequencing method. a phylogenetic tree was constructed from a corrected distance matrix by the neighbor-joining method, and the reliability of tree b ...	1994	8300528
studies on cell growth stimulating substances of low molecular weight. part 3. resorcinin, a mammalian cell growth stimulating substance produced by cytophaga johnsonae.		1993	8407598
tan-1057 a-d, new antibiotics with potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. taxonomy, fermentation and biological activity.	two gram-negative bacteria were found to produce the new antibacterial antibiotics tan-1057 a, b, c and d. the producing bacteria were characterized and designated as flexibacter sp. pk-74 and pk-176. these antibiotics were active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. tan-1057 a inhibited protein biosynthesis in escherichia coli and s. aureus. it showed excellent protective effects against an experimental methicillin-resistant s. ...	1993	8501003
riemerella anatipestifer gen. nov., comb. nov., the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa, and its phylogenetic affiliation within the flavobacterium-cytophaga rrna homology group.	the phylogenetic position of the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa, now most often referred to as [moraxella] anatipestifer (brackets indicate a generically misnamed taxon) or "[pasteurella] anatipestifer," was established by performing rrna cistron similarity studies. [moraxella] anatipestifer belongs to rrna superfamily v, together with the genera flavobacterium, cytophaga, flexibacter, weeksella, capnocytophaga, and sphingobacterium. the detailed structure of rrna superfamily v ...	1993	8240957
phylogenetic diversity of the genus cytophaga revealed by 16s rrna sequencing and menaquinone analysis.	to clarify the intra- and intergeneric relationships of the genus cytophaga, 16s rrna sequences and respiratory isoprenoid quinones were determined for the type strains of the 21 validly published species and one isolate in the genus cytophaga. the sequence analysis revealed extreme heterogeneity of this genus, which diverged into nine distinct lines of descent. each lineage of cytophaga was characterized by possessing either menaquinone-6 (mk-6) or mk-7. the mk-6-possessing species were located ...	1993	7689634
selective release of recombinant protein particles (vlps) from yeast using a pure lytic glucanase enzyme.	we have used a pure lytic glucanase enzyme to selectively release recombinant 60 nm protein particles (virus like particles or vlps) from yeast cells. although the protease components of the lytic enzyme complexes were found to degrade the vlps, purified glucanase enzymes from these complexes (derived from cytophaga sp. and oerskovia sp.) produced cell lysis without degradation and released the vlps in the absence of mercaptoethanol, a reducing agent commonly used in cell lysis. the oerskovia gl ...	1993	7764040
purification and properties of collagenase from cytophaga sp. l43-1 strain.	a collagenolytic bacterial strain was isolated from soil and was identified as cytophaga sp. it produced several kinds of collagenase and protease. from the supernatant of a culture, a collagenase was purified as a single protein band upon sds-page and its molecular mass was estimated to be 120 kda. collagen and gelatin were good substrates for this enzyme. beta-casein was cleaved by this enzyme at several sites.	1993	7764338
bacterioplankton community structure and dynamics after large-scale release of nonindigenous bacteria as revealed by low-molecular-weight-rna analysis.	a set of freshwater mesocosms (1.7 m3 each) was inoculated with large amounts of escherichia coli, pseudomonas putida, and their culture medium to substantially disturb the natural microbial community. to monitor microbial community dynamics, low-molecular-weight rna (5s rrna and trna) obtained directly from bacterioplankton was analyzed by using high-resolution electrophoresis. the introduced bacteria showed no significant effect on the community structure of the natural bacterial assemblage an ...	1992	1280060
flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., a pathogen of eggs and larvae of atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus l.	a psychrotrophic flexibacter sp., flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., was isolated from the adherent bacterial epiflora of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) eggs and was shown to be an opportunistic pathogen for halibut eggs and larvae. the strains which we isolated had the enzymatic capacity to dissolve both the chorion and the zona radiata of the egg shells. a total of 35 isolates were characterized by using morphological and biochemical tests. these strains were rod shaped, gram ne ...	1992	1503974
pathology of the mucous coat of trout skin during an erosive bacterial dermatitis: a technical advance in mucous coat stabilization for ultrastructural examination.	a fixation regime which combined cryopreservation, freeze drying and vapour fixation with osmium tetroxide, was found to preserve the mucous coat of trout skin for ambient temperature scanning electron microscopy. the regime was used to study changes to the mucous coat of trout skin during a spontaneous outbreak of "columnaris" disease--a common dermatitis of commercial salmonids associated with the bacterial pathogen cytophaga columnaris. infected and damaged regions of skin were covered by a m ...	1992	1602054
summary of bacterial isolates from farm-reared channel catfish (1979-1988).		1992	1616987
a partial phylogenetic analysis of the "flavobacter-bacteroides" phylum: basis for taxonomic restructuring.	on the basis of small subunit rrna sequence analyses five major subgroups within the flavobacteria-bacteroides phylum have been defined. these are tentatively designated the cytophaga subgroup (comprising largely cytophaga species), the flavobacter subgroup (comprising the true flavobacteria and the polyphyletic genus weeksella), the bacteroides subgroup (comprising the bacteroides and certain cytophaga-like bacteria), the sphingobacter subgroup (which contains the known sphingolipid-producing m ...	1992	11541229
enumeration and characterization of bacterial colonists of a submersed aquatic plant, eurasian watermilfoil (myriophyllum spicatum l.).	a simple procedure for enumerating and grouping the bacterial colonists of eurasian watermilfoil (myriophyllum spicatum l.) is described. colony characteristics of bacteria associated with m. spicatum were better defined and more stable on nutrient-poor, diluted nutrient broth agar than on high-nutrient media. acinetobacter, cytophaga, flavobacterium, moraxella, pseudomonas and/or alcaligenes, and vibrio/aeromonas spp., as well as two highly fastidious unidentified bacterial groups (gram-negativ ...	1992	16348792
hydrophobicity, adhesion, and surface-exposed proteins of gliding bacteria.	the cell surface hydrophobicities of a variety of aquatic and terrestrial gliding bacteria were measured by an assay of bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (bath), hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and the salt aggregation test. the bacteria demonstrated a broad range of hydrophobicities. results among the three hydrophobicity assays performed on very hydrophilic strains were quite consistent. bacterial adhesion to glass did not correlate with any particular measure of surface hydrophobici ...	1991	16348583
fragmentation of heparin by enzymes from newly isolated microorganisms.	in a screening program a number of new heparin (cas 9005-49-6) degrading microorganisms from soil and water samples from europe, asia and australia were isolated. the new strains were identified as cytophaga sp. but are distinct from the known heparin degrading organism cytophaga heparina in various aspects of cell morphology, sugar metabolism and heparin utilization. analysis of heparin degradation by crude extracts from cytophaga heparina-, tm5- and sin1-cells shows that the products obtained ...	1991	1650230
enumeration of flexibacter canadensis in environmental samples by using a bacteriophage isolated from soil.	the denitrifier flexibacter canadensis, in the presence of sulfide, can reduce n2o in the presence of concentrations of c2h2 which normally inhibit n2o reduction. most-probable-number estimates of naturally occurring f. canadensis populations in various soils and sediments were made with a bacteriophage which is active against and specific for a strain of denitrifying f. canadensis (is-11). our survey suggests that f. canadensis is common in the natural environment.	1991	1746962
polyamine distributions in the falvobacterium-cytophaga-sphingobacterium complex.	homospermidine was found as the major polyamine in one newly described species of flavobacterium (f. indologenes), in three species of sphingobacterium (s. mizutae, s. multivorium, and s. spiritivorum), and in 10 species of cytophaga (c. aquatilis, c. arvensicola, c. heparina, c. hutchinsonii, c. johnsonae, "c. keratolytica," c. lytica, c. marinoflava, c. uliginosa, and "c. xantha"). these bacteria also all contain putrescine and agmatine as minor components. flavobacterium indologenes and c. jo ...	1991	1777864
lipopolysaccharidelike immunological properties of cell wall glycoproteins isolated from cytophaga johnsonae.	glycoproteins (gp) previously shown to be involved in the gliding motility of cytophaga johnsonae were examined for biological activities characteristic of lipopolysaccharide (lps). these integral membrane proteins activated 70z/3 pre-b cells to synthesize immunoglobulin m, induced b cells to synthesize non-antigen-specific polyclonal immunoglobulin, induced macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor, and modulated the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide in the absence of ...	1991	1855983
health status of salmonids in river systems in natal. iii. isolation and identification of bacteria.	both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fish, both salmonid and non-salmonid, from selected river systems in natal. pasteurella pisicida was isolated for the first time from fish in south africa. the isolation of yersinia ruckeri, aeromonas salmonicida, and edwardsiella tarda were recorded for the first time from fish in natal. a. hydrophila and flexibacter columnaris were found to be widespread throughout the river systems in natal. the streptococcus species which caused ...	1991	1881658
phospholipids and a novel glycine-containing lipoamino acid in cytophaga johnsonae stanier strain c21.	two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography revealed that cytophaga johnsonae contains at least 10 kinds of lipid, 2 of which are phospholipids, namely, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. one of the remaining lipids is a novel lipid that contains an amino acid. the structure of this unusual lipid (lipoamino acid) was resolved by chemical and physicochemical methods. the fatty acyl moiety of this lipid was diverse. the structure of the major molecular species of the lipid was determi ...	1991	1885525
selective isolation methods for fish pathogens.		1991	1887270
purification and characterization of a new kappa-carrageenase from a marine cytophaga-like bacterium.	a bacterial strain able to degrade various sulfated galactans (carrageenans and agar) was isolated from the marine red alga delesseria sanguinea. from the cell-free supernatant of cultures grown on crude lambda-carrageenan, a kappa-carrageenase was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on sephacryl s 200 hr and ion-exchange chromatography on deae--sepharose-cl6b. the purified kappa-carrageenase was detected as a single protein upon sds/page. its molecular mass was estimated ...	1991	1915370
temporal sequence of the recovery of traits during phenotypic curing of a cytophaga johnsonae motility mutant.	the lack of cell translocation and the resulting formation of nonspreading colonies of mutants of the gram-negative gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae have been correlated with the loss of cell surface features of the organism. these cell surface traits include the ability to move polystyrene-latex beads over the cell surface and the ability to be infected by bacteriophages that infect the parent strain. in order to assess whether these traits reflect structures or functions that actually pla ...	1991	1938948
defects in gliding motility in mutants of cytophaga johnsonae lacking a high-molecular-weight cell surface polysaccharide.	we previously observed (w. godchaux, l. gorski, and e.r. leadbetter, j. bacteriol. 172:1250-1255, 1990) that two mutants (strains 21 and ns-1) of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae that were totally deficient in motility-dependent colony spreading, movement of rafts (groups) of cells as observed with a microscope, and movement of polystyrene-latex spheres that attached to the cell surface (observed in wet mounts) were also deficient in a high-molecular-weight cell surface polysaccharide ( ...	1991	1938956
cholinesterase solubilizing factor from cytophaga sp. is a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c.	in the culture supernatant of cytophaga sp. we detected an enzyme that converted glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored acetylcholinesterase to the hydrophilic form. this enzyme had a cleavage specificity of a phospholipase c. it hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol but did not act on phosphatidylcholine. on gel filtration the enzyme migrated with an apparent molecular mass of about 17 kda. it displayed maximal activity between ph 6-6.5 and did not require cofactors for the expression of catalytic ac ...	1991	2043678
topostin, a novel inhibitor of mammalian dna topoisomerase i from flexibacter topostinus sp. nov. i. taxonomy, and fermentation of producing strain.	we found a new inhibitor of mammalian dna topoisomerase i, named topostin, from a bacterial culture. the bacteria was identified as flexibacter topostinus sp. nov., b-572. morphological and physiological characteristics, and utilization of sugars were examined. comparison of the strain with known species of the genus flexibacter was made and indicates that the strain is a new species of the genus flexibacter. the bacteria produced the inhibitor in parallel with their growth up to 72 hours.	1990	2155896
topostin, a novel inhibitor of mammalian dna topoisomerase i from flexibacter topostinus sp. nov. ii. purification and some properties of topostin.	we describe the isolation of inhibitors of mammalian dna topoisomerase i, named topostins, from a culture broth of flexibacter topostinus sp. nov. and some properties of the inhibitors. topostins a1, a2 and b were isolated by differential solubility in solvents, adsorption chromatography on silica gel and gel filtration on a sephadex lh-20 column. topostins a1, a2 and b had specific activities of 4,700, 16,000 and 22,000 u/mg, respectively. the most active metabolite topostin b comprised two com ...	1990	2155897
evidence that bacteroides nodosus belongs in subgroup gamma of the class proteobacteria, not in the genus bacteroides: partial sequence analysis of a b. nodosus 16s rrna gene.	the taxonomic status of the anaerobe bacteroides nodosus has for some time been uncertain. to resolve this uncertainty, the distal portion of a 16s rrna gene from this important ovine pathogen was cloned, mapped, and sequenced. a comparison of the sequence with the sequences of 16s rrna molecules from other bacteria indicated that b. nodosus is more closely related to escherichia coli and other members of the class proteobacteria than to bacteroides fragilis or the bacteroides-flavobacterium-cyt ...	1990	2223609
outer membrane polysaccharide deficiency in two nongliding mutants of cytophaga johnsonae.	phenol-extractable polysaccharides firmly associated with the outer membrane of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae could be resolved by gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) or by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into a high-molecular-weight (h) fraction (excluded by sephadex g-200) and a low-molecular-weight (l) fraction. fraction l was rich in components typical of lipid a and the core region of lipopolysaccharide (p, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate) and ...	1990	2307648
effect of temperature shifts on gliding motility, adhesion, and fatty acid composition of cytophaga sp. strain u67.	gliding motility and flipping of 25 degrees c-adapted cytophaga sp. strain u67 were inhibited when the bacteria were shifted to a less than or equal to 12 degrees c environment; motility was not blocked by a shift to 13 degrees c. bacteria adapted to 4 degrees c were motile over the entire 4 to 25 degrees c temperature range tested. u67 adhesion to the substratum appeared to be unaffected by temperature shifts. bacteria adapted to 4 degrees c had higher proportions of unsaturated and branched-ch ...	1990	2318807
use of nonmotile mutants to identify a set of membrane proteins related to gliding motility in cytophaga johnsonae.	nonmotile mutants of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae were examined to identify proteins that might be involved in gliding motility. wild-type and mutant cell proteins were solubilized and fractionated by using triton x-114, and the proteins that partitioned into the aqueous phase or the detergent phase were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for proteins that differed between wild-type and mutant cells. seventeen proteins, ranging in size from 16 to 1 ...	1990	2345138
surface proteins of the gliding bacterium cytophaga sp. strain u67 and its mutants defective in adhesion and motility.	surface proteins of the gliding bacterium cytophaga sp. strain u67 that make contact with glass substrata were radioiodinated, using a substratum-immobilized catalyst (iodo-gen). at least 15 polypeptides were iodinated, fewer than the number labeled by surface biotinylation of whole cells; these polypeptides define the set of possible candidates for the surface protein(s) that mediates gliding-associated substratum adhesion. the labeling of three adhesion-defective mutants exhibited two characte ...	1990	2345151
5s rrna sequences of representatives of the genera chlorobium, prosthecochloris, thermomicrobium, cytophaga, flavobacterium, flexibacter and saprospira and a discussion of the evolution of eubacteria in general.	5s rrna sequences were determined for the green sulphur bacteria chlorobium limicola, chlorobium phaeobacteroides and prosthecochloris aestuarii, for thermomicrobium roseum, which is a relative of the green non-sulphur bacteria, and for cytophaga aquatilis, cytophaga heparina, cytophaga johnsonae, flavobacterium breve, flexibacter sp. and saprospira grandis, organisms allotted to the phylum 'bacteroides-cytophaga-flavobacterium' and relatives as determined by 16s rrna analyses. by using a cluste ...	1990	1693658
the electrophoretic mobility of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: an electrokinetic analysis.	the electrophoretic mobility (epm) of a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was measured with a penkem s3000 analyser. under standard growth conditions and neutral ph all cells displayed a negative epm. the polysaccharide capsules of escherichia coli strains k1, k5, k29 and k30 generated the highest epm; to a lesser and varying degree o-antigens with charged groups and core lipopolysaccharides also contribute to the net epm. very little negative epm was measured in suspension cul ...	1990	1696306
identification of a denitrifying gliding bacterium, isolated from soil and able to reduce nitrous oxide in the presence of sulfide and acetylene, as flexibacter canadensis.	we have reexamined the properties of a gliding bacterium, is-11, which was previously isolated from soil because of its ability to denitrify and to reduce nitrous oxide in the presence of sulfide and normally inhibitory concentrations of acetylene. occurrence of such an organism may have important implications for the use of the acetylene inhibition assay for measuring denitrification rates in reduced, sulfidic environments. although originally tentatively identified as a cytophaga sp., extensiv ...	1990	22049936
[bacteria of the flexibacter/sporocytophaga group and violet-pigmented bacteria as indicators for hygienically doubtful drinking water].	bacteria of the flexibacter/sporocytophaga group indicate, that drinking water is deficiently protected by the soil covering or may be infiltrated by surface waters. in south bavaria those germs could be demonstrated in 1225 of 3743 samples from central water supplies and in 951 of 1714 samples from decentralized water supplies. f/sp-bacteria could be isolated to a much greater extend from samples which were likewise polluted with escherichia coli, coliforms and colony counts in excess. over the ...	1989	2510750
cysteine is not an obligatory intermediate in the biosynthesis of cysteate by cytophaga johnsonae.	a cysteine auxotroph of cytophaga johnsonae was able to incorporate sulfur from sulfate into cysteate, and thus into sulfonolipid, in the absence of cysteine synthesis. this indicates that cysteine is not an obligatory intermediate of the cysteate biosynthetic pathway even though cysteine sulfur can be utilized for cysteate synthesis.	1989	2541704
characterization of cdc group df-3 by cellular fatty acid analysis.	fourteen strains of centers for disease control group df-3 bacteria were examined for cellular fatty acid composition to evaluate their chemical relatedness to known bacterial species and groups. the fatty acids were liberated from whole cells by base hydrolysis, methylated, and analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. all group df-3 strains possessed a distinct fatty acid profile which was characterized by large amounts (24%) of 12-methyltetradecanoate (a-c15:0), moderate amounts of sat ...	1989	2542365
the taxonomic relationship of certain environmental flavobacteria to the genus weeksella.	forty environmental strains and reference cultures of flavobacterium, cytophaga and weeksella spp. were examined by numerical taxonomy. twenty-seven strains were recovered in four phena. phena 1a and 1b comprised 48% of the strains and were sufficiently similar to the genus weeksella as to suggest possible inclusion in this genus. they could not be accommodated in the existing species w. virosa and w. zoohelcum. strains from phenon 2 appear to belong neither in the flavobacterium or the weeksell ...	1989	2592292
acetylaminofluorene-labelled ribosomal rna for use in molecular epidemiology and taxonomy.	the use of acetylaminofluorene-labelled 16 + 23s rrna (from escherichia coli) is described for determining rrna-gene-restriction patterns. the labelled probe allowed molecular fingerprinting of bacteria belonging to diverse phylogenetic branches (enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, brucella, leptospira, cytophaga, campylobacter, methylophaga). the labelled probe can be stored frozen (-20 degrees c) for at least a year and can endure vacuum dessication, ethanol precipitat ...	1989	2696056
impaired defense mechanisms in bay mussels, mytilus edulis, with hemic neoplasia.	immunocompetence of bay mussels, mytilus edulis, with hemic neoplasia was investigated with an in vitro yeast phagocytosis assay and by in vivo clearance from the blood of injected cytophaga sp. bacteria. the yeast phagocytosis assay was conducted with hemocytes maintained in 90% plasma. neoplastic hemocytes, characterized by enlarged nuclei and scant cytoplasm, failed to phagocytose yeast cells. in contrast, greater than 90% of hemocytes from unaffected animals and morphologically normal hemocy ...	1989	2723448
evidence for colonization and destruction of hinge ligaments in cultured juvenile pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas) by cytophaga-like bacteria.	several strains of cytophaga-like gliding bacteria (clb) were isolated as numerically dominant or codominant components of bacterial populations associated with proteinaceous hinge ligaments of cultured juvenile pacific oysters, crassostrea gigas. these bacteria were morphologically similar to long, flexible bacilli occurring within degenerative lesions in oyster hinge ligaments. among bacteria isolated from hinge ligaments, only clb strains were capable of sustained growth with hinge ligament m ...	1989	2757377
analysis of pectate lyases produced by soft rot bacteria associated with spoilage of vegetables.	isoelectric focusing (ief) profiles of pectate lyases (pls) produced by five different groups of soft rot bacteria were analyzed by using the combined techniques of thin-layer polyacrylamide gel ief and agarose-pectate overlay activity staining. four strains of soft rot erwinia spp. produced three or more pl isozymes. all of eight pseudomonas viridiflava strains examined produced one single pl with a pi of 9.7. all 10 of pseudomonas fluorescens strains produced two pls; the major one had a pi of ...	1989	2764574
phenotypic and genomic studies of "cytophaga psychrophila" isolated from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in france.	five strains of gliding bacteria were isolated in france from farmed diseased rainbow trouts reared at low water temperature. the resemblance of these bacteria to the known fish pathogen "cytophaga psychrophila" led to their comparative study with reference strain ncmb 1947 and with an american isolate. morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the seven strains proved to be similar. comparison of their dna by the s1 nuclease dna-dna hybridization method showed that the se ...	1989	2764577
increase of ornithine amino lipid content in a sulfonolipid-deficient mutant of cytophaga johnsonae.	the gram-negative gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae contains not only large quantities of unusual sulfonolipids but also, as we report here, a second class of unusual lipids. these lipids were detected and quantified by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of lipids from cells grown in the presence of [14c]acetate and shown by chemical studies to be alpha-n-(3-fatty acyloxy fatty acyl)ornithines. like the sulfonolipids, these ornithine lipids were localized in the outer membrane (wherea ...	1989	2914878
interference reflection microscopic study of sites of association between gliding bacteria and glass substrata.	sites of close contact between gliding cytophaga sp. strain u67 cells and glass were examined by interference reflection microscopy. site patterns changed during translocation and moved relative to the substratum, in contrast to previous interference reflection microscopy observations of fibroblast and amoeboid motility. sinistral rotation around the long axis of the cell was coupled with gliding, except when curved cells traversed curvilinear pathways. close contact was temporary, since cells f ...	1989	2768185
uptake and incorporation of thymidine by bacterial isolates from an upwelling environment.	thymidine uptake and incorporation by marine bacterial isolates from an upwelling environment were studied. of 17 isolates each from upwelled and downwelled water, 1 and 6 isolates, respectively, were found to be negative for [h]thymidine incorporation at a substrate concentration of 19 mum. strains lacking the ability to take up thymidine were not confined to one genus. the measurable rates of uptake and incorporation by the 34 isolates varied greatly. studies carried out using starved vibrio, ...	1989	16347916
5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequences in bacteroides and fusobacterium: evolutionary relationships within these genera and among eubacteria in general.	the 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) sequences were determined for bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, bacteroides capillosus, bacteroides veroralis, porphyromonas gingivalis, anaerorhabdus furcosus, fusobacterium nucleatum, fusobacterium mortiferum, and fusobacterium varium. a dendrogram constructed by a clustering algorithm from these sequences, which were aligned with all other hitherto known eubacterial 5s rrna sequences, showed differences as well as similarities with ...	1989	11542181
beta-subunit of atp-synthase: a useful marker for studying the phylogenetic relationship of eubacteria.	the genes encoding the beta-subunits of atp-synthases (atpases) from bacteroides fragilis dsm 2151, cytophaga lytica dsm 2039 and 'taxeobacter ocellatus' were cloned. the nucleotide sequences were determined completely for the genes of the first two organisms and to a major part for that of 't. ocellatus'. the predicted amino acid sequences were compared with previously published amino acid sequences of beta-subunits. two characteristic insertions were found in genes from organisms belonging to ...	1988	2978296
isolation and characterization of katanosins a and b.	two peptide antibiotics katanosins a and b were isolated from the culture broth of a strain related to the genus cytophaga. these antibiotics are basic peptides soluble in aqueous alcohols. the molecular formulae c57h95n15o17 for a and c58h97n15o17 for b were indicated. the constituent amino acids of katanosin a are suggested to be thr (1), ser (1), val (1), leu (3), arg (1) and three unusual amino acids. in katanosin b, the val residue is replaced by ile. katanosins a and b are active against g ...	1988	3403364
temperate phages and bacteriocins of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae.	a collection of 30 independently isolated strains of cytophaga johnsonae was screened for the presence of temperate bacteriophages. two strains were found to harbour phages. the newly isolated phages differ in several respects from the 43 previously isolated phages for c. johnsonae. both phages are polyhedral, approximately 60 nm in diameter, and have no apparent tail structure. they are chloroform sensitive, and plaque formation is inhibited by agar. both are capable of establishing a stable as ...	1988	3171539
columnaris infection among cultured nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus.	flexibacter columnaris was isolated from 13 cultured oreochromis niloticus showing respiratory disorders. the isolates developed typical swarming rhizoid colonies on cytophaga agar medium. antibiotic sensitivity test revealed the susceptibility of f. columnaris isolated to oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. a marked difference in the pathogenicity of seven tested isolates was observed: two were highly virulent, one was moderately virulent and four were avirulent. no experimental ...	1988	3232970
changes in aerobic microflora of skin and gills of mediterranean sardines (sardina pilchardus) during storage in ice.	sardines from the adriatic sea were examined fresh and after 4 and 8 days of storage in ice. a total of 1500 strains isolated were identified from the gills and the surface of the fish. pseudomonadaceae, neisseriaceae, flavobacterium/cytophaga, enterobacteriaceae, coryneform bacteria and micrococcaceae were the most common bacteria in fresh fish. during storage the pseudomonads (mainly the non-fluorescent strains) increased and became the dominating microflora; the neisseriaceae (moraxella, psyc ...	1988	3275304
a distributed model of enzymatic lysis of microbial cells.		1987	3324869
purification and characterization of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from flavobacterium cb60.	from the highly chloramphenicol-resistant cytophaga-like bacterium flavobacterium cb60, which can both acetylate chloramphenicol and degrade it in co-metabolism, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the purification included fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate and two affinity chromatography steps, eluting cat the first time with 5 mm-chloramphenicol and the second time with a linear gradient (0-10 mm) of chloramphenicol. the puri ...	1987	3327915
production of enzyme systems in continuous culture for the controlled lysis of microbial cells.		1987	3124697
a note on the microbiology of retail packs of prepared salad vegetables.	retail packs of mixed, prepared salad vegetables from two different manufacturers were stored at 7 degrees c until the end of storage-life (sell-by date plus 1 d), when the microbial flora was examined. the quality of the salads was acceptable at the end of storage life. the oxygen concentrations in packs were lower, and the carbon dioxide concentrations were higher, than those in air. high numbers of bacteria were present, with pseudomonas spp. and enterobacter agglomerans predominating in pack ...	1987	3126172
purification of a kappa-carrageenase from marine cytophaga species.	a mixture of extracellular carrageenases was isolated from the cell-free medium of a culture of marine cytophaga sp. 1k-c783 grown on zobell 2216 e broth with 0.1% commercial carrageenan. a single active peak of kappa-carrageenase was separated and purified from the mixture by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-200 gel filtration chromatography. molecular weight of the purified kappa-carrageenase was estimated as 100,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacry ...	1987	3696007
cell wall and lipid composition of isosphaera pallida, a budding eubacterium from hot springs.	isosphaera pallida is an unusual gliding, budding eubacterium recently isolated from north american hot springs. electron micrographs of ultrathin sections revealed a cell wall atypical of eubacteria: two electrondense layers separated by an electron-transparent layer, with no evident peptidoglycan layer. growth was not inhibited by penicillin. cell walls were isolated from sheared cells by velocity sedimentation. the rigid-layer fraction, prepared from cell walls by treatment with boiling 10% s ...	1987	3584067
pb-5266 a, b and c, new monobactams. ii. physico-chemical properties and chemical structures.	the chemical structures of three new monobactams, pb-5266 a, b and c, were elucidated by their physico-chemical properties and spectrometric studies. in contrast to previously described monobactams, they all possess a dehydroasparagine residue.	1987	3570961
pb-5266 a, b and c, new monobactams. i. taxonomy, fermentation and isolation.	new monobactams, pb-5266 a, b and c were isolated from the culture filtrate of cytophaga johnsonae pb-5266 by various types of column chromatography and preparative reverse phase hplc. pb-5266 a, b and c exhibited weak antibacterial activity against a sensitive mutant of escherichia coli to beta-lactam antibiotics.	1987	3570960
induction of human immunoglobulin synthesis (igg, iga) by the novel, t cell independent mitogen cytophaga allerginae endotoxin.	cytophaga allerginae endotoxin (cae) has been purified from c. allerginae, a newly discovered bacterial species isolated from a chilled water spray humidification system. the present study was undertaken in order to determine whether cae can induce immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) in culture. to this end, human pbl were purified and cultured with either pokeweed mitogen at 5 micrograms/ml, or cae (at varying concentrations) for 6 days. the levels of igg and ig ...	1987	3497882
hydrogen bonding of sulfur ligands in blue copper and iron-sulfur proteins: detection by resonance raman spectroscopy.	the resonance raman spectrum of the blue copper protein azurin from alcaligenes denitrificans exhibits nine vibrational modes between 330 and 460 cm-1, seven of which shift 0.4-3.0 cm-1 to lower energy after incubation of the protein in d2o. these deuterium-dependent shifts have been previously ascribed to exchangeable protons on imidazole ligands [nestor, l., larrabee, j. a., woolery, g., reinhammar, b., & spiro, t. g. (1984) biochemistry 23, 1084] or to exchangeable protons on amide groups whi ...	1987	3442645
comparison of the phosphatases of lysobacter enzymogenes with those of related bacteria.	lysobacter enzymogenes atcc 29487 (uasm 495) produces an outer-membrane-associated phosphatase and an excreted phosphatase. the cell-associated enzyme was compared to phosphatases of nine other gram-negative gliding bacteria and to that of escherichia coli. the other three species of the genus lysobacter also produce a particulate, cell-associated phosphatase. antiserum prepared against the phosphatase from the outer membrane of l. enzymogenes effectively precipitated the phosphatases of two oth ...	1987	2833562
kinetics of enzymatic lysis and disruption of yeast cells: i. evaluation of two lytic systems with different properties.	many microorganisms produce enzymes which lyse the walls of yeasts, fungi, and bacteria. the proportions of different enzyme activities present in the lytic system, their action patterns, synergism, and dependence on inhibitors, constitute the activity profile of the lytic system. taken together, the activity profile and process conditions for lysis determine the reaction rate and the distribution of products from lysis of any given type of cells. kinetics of glucan hydrolysis, proteolysis, and ...	1987	18581424
kinetics of enzymatic lysis and disruption of yeast cells: ii. a simple model of lysis kinetics.	a simple two-step model is proposed to describe the kinetics of the two lytic systems examined in the preceding article. the model predicts concentrations of yeast solids, soluble proteins, peptides, and carbohyrates. in the first reaction step, yeast cell mass is solubilized; in the second, the released protein can be hydrolyzed to peptides. kinetics for both yeast lysis and the subsequent protein breakdown are based on michaelis-menten expressions. terms have been included for competitive inhi ...	1987	18581425
synthesis and regulation of extracellular beta (1-3) glucanase and protease by cytophaga sp. in batch and continuous culture.	lytic enzyme systems with the ability to break whole cells of yeast are a mixture of several enzymes and virtually all contain beta(1-3)glucanases and some protease. it appears that the presence of these two enzyme activities is necessary to break the two layers of the rigid cell wall. the enzyme system of cytophaga ncib 9497 has a high activity towards the walls of yeast and also of bacteria. this article describes the production of this extracellular lytic enzyme system in batch and continuous ...	1986	18561226
growth regulation of the b lymphoma cell line wehi-231 by anti-immunoglobulin, lipopolysaccharide, and other bacterial products.	the growth of wehi-231, a murine immature b lymphoma cell line, was inhibited by anti-igm antibodies. the inhibition of proliferation, as measured by [3h]thymidine incorporation, occurred between 16 and 28 hr after addition of anti-igm. moreover, the growth arrest was irreversible: cells that were cultured with anti-igm for 18 hr and then recultured without it failed to recover the ability to proliferate, even though cells treated for up to 30 hr with anti-igm remained viable, as measured by try ...	1986	3489760
phenotypic and genetic relationships of so-called moraxella (pasteurella) anatipestifer to the flavobacterium/cytophaga group.	so-called moraxella (or pasteurella) anatipestifer and members of the flavobacterium/cytophaga group exhibit remarkable common features: lack of flagellation, low guanine + cytosine content of the chromosomal dna, production of menaquinones and branched-chain fatty acids, absence of carbohydrate fermentation, and similar patterns of hydrolytic enzymes. using the renaturation method of dna:dna hybridization two urease-negative european isolates and the urease-positive type strain (which was isola ...	1986	3739211
isolation and characterization of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from natural spring waters in the lanjaron area (spain).	aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from nine natural mineral water springs in the lanjaron area of spain over the period july 1980 to may 1981. the mineral waters contained few bacteria (mean counts 26-5275 cfu per 100 ml) and the bacterial flora of all nine springs was very similar. most of the isolates were gram-negative rods (90%), and among these pseudomonas spp. and members of the flavobacterium-cytophaga-flexibacter group were numerically dominant. aeromonas-vibrio and enterobac ...	1986	3781942
properties of cytophaga johnsonae strains causing spoilage of fresh produce at food markets.	two strains of gliding, orange-pigmented bacteria, isolated from fresh bell pepper and watermelon, respectively, showing soft-rot lesions, were identified as cytophaga johnsonae. they differed from seven type strains of c. johnsonae deposited at the american type culture collection (atcc) in some properties, such as the ability to utilize glucose, xylose, trehalose, rhamnose, and sucrose. spherical bodies resembling microcysts of sporocytophaga sp. in addition to short rods and long filaments we ...	1986	3789718
the identification of gram-negative, nonfermentative bacteria from water: problems and alternative approaches to identification.		1986	2424280
decomposition studies in two central ontario lakes having surficial phs of 4.6 and 6.6.	the rates of cellulose breakdown, composition of detrital microflora, and density of bacterial populations were determined in the epilimnetic sediments and water columns of two poorly buffered, oligotrophic, canadian shield lakes having mean surficial phs of 4.6 (bat lake) and 6.6 (harp lake). the decomposition rate was significantly lower in oxic sediment of the acidified lake than of the circumneutral lake, but water column rates were almost identical in the two lakes. these results are explai ...	1986	16347147
alteration of a salt marsh bacterial community by fertilization with sewage sludge.	the effects of long-term fertilization with sewage sludge on the aerobic, chemoheterotrophic portion of a salt marsh bacterial community were examined. the study site in the great sippewissett marsh, cape cod, mass., consisted of experimental plots that were treated with different amounts of commercial sewage sludge fertilizer or with urea and phosphate. the number of cfus, percentage of mercury- and cadmium-resistant bacteria, and percentage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria were all increased i ...	1986	16347183
growth of bacteria on chitin, fungal cell walls and fungal biomass, and the effect of extracellular enzymes produced by these cultures on the antifungal activity of amphotericin b.	vibrio alginolyticus, streptomyces griseus, arthrobacter g12, bacillus sp. and cytophaga sp. were grown on solid and liquid media containing soluble and insoluble carbon sources. arthrobacter g12, bacillus sp. and cytophaga sp. grew well on media which contained fungal cell walls or fungal biomass as the main carbon source. all bacteria produced extracellular proteases and all bacteria except arthrobacter g12 produced extracellular chitinases. growth of cytophaga sp. on colloidal chitin was para ...	1985	3929028
actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains y4 and n27 adhere to hydroxyapatite by distinctive mechanisms.	actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains y4 and n27 absorb to spheroidal hydroxyapatite in roughly the same numbers per milligram of substrate and with the same tenacity as two previously tested cytophaga species. although the two strains of a. actinomycetemcomitans exhibited similar affinities and number of binding sites for sha, their response to enzyme treatment and heating were very different. the capacity of strain y4 to attach to spheroidal hydroxyapatite was diminished by treatment wi ...	1985	3972445
bacteria in bivalve shellfish with special reference to the oyster.	the bacterial flora of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas, the sea mussel perna viridis and the arkshell clam scapharca cornea differed considerably from that of seawater in both numbers and generic composition. the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria in the bivalve shellfish, including the anaerobes and spore-forming bacteria, were greater than that in the surrounding water. pseudomonas spp. were the dominant organisms, comprising over one third of the 321 strains characterized after isolation ...	1985	4030530
potentiality of artificial sea water salts for the production of carrageenase by a marine cytophaga sp.	production of an extracellular enzyme complex (carrageenase) was studied by examining cell-free fluids from cultures of a marine cytophaga, 1k-c783, growing on different media. among artificial sea water salts, only nacl and mgcl2 were utilized by the organism to produce carrageenase. the minimal concentrations of suitable combinations of nacl and mgcl2 were found to be 0.05 m nacl plus 0.25 m mgcl2, and 0.15 m nacl plus 0.15 m mgcl2. kcl and cacl2 did not have any role in carrageenase productio ...	1985	4033467
a numerical taxonomic study of flavobacterium-cytophaga strains from dairy sources.	phenotypic data on 203 gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria of the flavobacterium-cytophaga group isolated from milk and butter were analyzed by numerical taxonomic techniques. twenty reference strains including species of flavobacterium, cytophaga and strains of pseudomonas paucimobilis were included in the study. using the matching coefficient of sokal & michener with antibiotic susceptibility data included, 189 isolates were recovered in nine clusters. six of these clusters were linked at ...	1985	4066550
gliding motility in cytophaga.	gliding motility in cytophaga depends on a motility machinery that keeps surfaces of cells in motion and on a surface slime that allows motile cells to translocate over a substratum. the unusual nature of the moving cell surfaces appears to be responsible for several cell-surface properties being motility dependent.	1985	3939983
distribution of multicopy single-stranded dna among myxobacteria and related species.	multicopy single-stranded dna (msdna) is a short single-stranded linear dna originally discovered in myxococcus xanthus and subsequently found in stigmatella aurantiaca. it exists at an estimated 500 to 700 copies per chromosome (t. yee, t. furuichi, s. inouye, and m. inouye, cell 38:203-209, 1984). we found msdna in other myxobacteria, including myxococcus coralloides, cystobacter violaceus, cystobacter ferrugineus (cbfe17), nannocystis exedens, and nine independently isolated strains of m. xan ...	1985	3932332
guidance of cytophaga sp. strain u67 gliding on the sheaths of oscillatoria princeps.	individual cells of cytophaga sp. strain u67 glided in helical patterns on the surface of sheaths deposited by the cyanobacterium oscillatoria princeps. possible bases for the helical substructure of the sheath are discussed.	1985	3921528
biosynthesis of a sulfonolipid in gliding bacteria.	gliding bacteria of the genus cytophaga synthesize sulfonolipids (1,2) that contain capnine (1-deoxy-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-sulfonic acid). studies of the incorporation of radiolabeled compounds by c. johnsonae show that cysteate is utilized preferentially to both cystine and inorganic sulfate as a precursor of capnine sulfur and to both cystine and serine as a precursor of carbons 1 and 2 of capnine. the results are consistent with a pathway in which capnine is formed by condensation of ...	1985	2992489