Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| pcr-based survey of anaplasma phagocytophilum in portuguese ticks (acari: ixodidae). | a total of two-thousand and six ticks, collected from 2002 to 2006 in areas belonging to seven districts of mainland portugal and also in madeira island, were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum. active infections were detected exclusively in ixodes species, including six questing i. ricinus nymphs from madeira island, one questing i. ventalloi nymph from setúbal district, and two i. ventalloi adults found parasitizing domestic cats in both s ... | 2008 | 18781886 |
| clinical features of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis in 18 naturally infected dogs. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (cga), is a gram-negative intracellular organism transmitted by ixodid ticks. thus far, only a few clinical studies evaluating dogs with cga have been published. | 2008 | 18783353 |
| meta-analysis of coinfection and coexposure with borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ixodes ricinus-complex ticks. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, and borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, are transmitted in multiple holarctic regions by the same ixodes sp. tick vectors and maintained in sylvatic cycles with the same rodent reservoirs. coinfection of humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ticks with both b. burgdorferi and a. phagocytophilum appears to be common, yet the pathologic mechanisms and ecology remain poorly understood compared with single-agent in ... | 2008 | 18789001 |
| cyclic variation in lambs infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2008 | 18791211 | |
| death of a horse infected experimentally with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | a 19-year-old horse that was one of a group of six horses infected experimentally with anaplasma phagocytophilum for a study of the pathogenesis of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis died suddenly two days after first showing clinical signs of disease. the clinical signs and laboratory findings observed before its death were similar to all those of the other infected horses, and to previous reports of this disease. a postmortem examination revealed widespread haemorrhaging in its internal organs, ... | 2007 | 17259454 |
| detection of anaplasma dna in ixodes ricinus ticks: pitfalls. | a total of 150 nymphal ixodes ricinus (l., 1758) (acari: ixodidae) from the czech republic were examined for anaplasma phagocytophilum (foggie, 1949) dumler et al., 2001 by pcr using ehr521/747 primers: 22 of 50 pools were positive (minimum prevalence, 14.7%). however, sequencing of the pcr products did not show complete homology with a. phagocytophilum (91%) while the closest relationship (95%) was found to "candidatus ehrlichia walkefii". the results indicate a need for care in interpretation ... | 2007 | 18303773 |
| co-circulating microorganisms in questing ixodes scapularis nymphs in maryland. | ixodes scapularis can be infected with borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella spp., babesia microti, and rickettsia spp., including spotted-fever group rickettsia. as all of these microorganisms have been reported in maryland, the potential for these ticks to have concurrent infections exists in this region. to assess the frequency of these complex infections, 348 i. scapularis nymphs collected in 2003 were screened for these microorganisms by pcr with positives being confir ... | 2007 | 18260514 |
| host-seeking behavior of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in relation to environmental parameters in dense-woodland and woodland-grass habitats. | in the far-western united states, the bacteria that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi, bb) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum, ap) are transmitted by the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). in a dense woodland, human behaviors involving contact with wood were recently found to pose greater risk for encountering i. pacificus nymphs than behaviors entailing exclusive exposure to leaf litter. a four-year follow-up study was undertaken in the same woodlan ... | 2007 | 18260527 |
| serologic and molecular characterization of tickborne pathogens in lions (panthera leo) from the fasano safari park, italy. | lions (panthera leo) are an endangered species threatened by illegal hunting, habitat loss, and infectious diseases. little is known about the tick-borne pathogens that infect lions and could contribute to population declines. the objective of this study was to characterize rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and coxiella burnetii infections in 10 lions from the fasano safari park in italy by serology, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis. although animals did not show clinic ... | 2007 | 18229868 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia sp. hf strains in ixodes ricinus ticks in brittany, france. | dna extracts from 156 tick pools, 18 blood specimens and 17 spleens from european woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus) collected in brittany, france were tested by pcr for the 16s rrna gene of anaplasmataceae. positive amplicons were sequenced and confirmed, either by amplification and sequencing of a second gene, or by a second pcr specific for the p44 and glta genes of anaplasma phagocytophilum and the glta gene of ehrlichia sp. hf. in addition to a. phagocytophilum, the study detected ehrlichia sp. ... | 2007 | 17391395 |
| immune response of balb/c mouse immunized with recombinant msps proteins of anaplasma marginale binding to immunostimulant complex (iscom). | anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, results in significant economic losses of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. six major surface proteins (msps) were well characterized and designated as msp1, msp2, msp3, msp4, and msp5. the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response of balb/c mice against the recombinant msps, incorporated into immunostimulating complex (iscom). the recombinant proteins purified by ni-nta columns were incorporated into isco ... | 2007 | 17395222 |
| immune-mediated erythroid and megakaryocytic aplasia in a cat. | a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of acute lethargy. | 2007 | 17397342 |
| differential innate immune cell activation and proinflammatory response in anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum. the critical role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) for induction of severe inflammatory histopathology, even in the absence of a significant bacterial load, was previously demonstrated in a murine model of hga. we hypothesized that nk, nkt, and possibly cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells participate in the development of histopathologic lesions with a. phagocytophilum infection. mice were mock ... | 2007 | 17403880 |
| multiply infected vectors. | 2007 | 17403941 | |
| identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of anaplasma marginale. | understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. although the basic developmental cycle of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. using the highly transmissible st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale in dermacentor andersoni as a positi ... | 2007 | 17420231 |
| msp2 variation in anaplasma phagocytophilum in vivo does not stimulate t cell immune responses or interferon-gamma production. | msp2 is anaplasma phagocytophilum's immunodominant protein. antigenic variability with msp2 gene conversion may drive differential immunopathology with infection by bacteria of different in vitro passage intervals. we examined msp2 transcript variation and its relationship to histopathology, t-cell and antibody responses in mice infected with differentially passaged a. phagocytophilum. hepatic inflammation peaked on day 2-4 with low passage bacteria and on day 4-7 with high passage bacteria infe ... | 2007 | 17286796 |
| haemoparasites of common shrews (sorex araneus) in northwest england. | the presence of haemoparasites belonging to the taxa anaplasma, bartonella and trypanosoma was determined among 76 common shrews (sorex araneus) from northwest england. anaplasma phagocytophilum dna was recovered from the blood of 1 shrew (1.3%), with the amplified 16s rrna sequence identical to one previously reported from a bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). trypanosoma spp. dna was detected in 9 shrews (11.8%), the amplified 18s rdna fragments being indistinguishable from one another, and d ... | 2007 | 17288633 |
| lyme disease followed by human granulocytic anaplasmosis in a kidney transplant recipient. | we report the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed lyme disease, followed by human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) 3 years later. a review of all previously published cases of lyme disease (3 cases), hga (5 cases), and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) (5 cases) in transplant recipients is presented. manifestations of the cases reviewed were similar to those of non-transplant patients. there appeared to be no obvious correlation between immunosuppression and the occurrence of the ... | 2007 | 17313478 |
| first serological and molecular evidence on the endemicity of anaplasma ovis and a. marginale in hungary. | recurring and spontaneously curing spring haemoglobinuria was recently reported in a small sheep flock in a selenium deficient area of northern hungary. in blood smears of two animals showing clinical signs, anaplasma-like inclusion bodies were seen in erythrocytes. to extend the scope of the study, 156 sheep from 5 flocks and 26 cattle from 9 farms in the region were examined serologically with a competitive elisa to detect antibodies to anaplasma marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis. the seropos ... | 2007 | 17336001 |
| immunogenicity of anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine. | rickettsial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia cause acute infection in immunologically naive hosts and are major causes of tick-borne disease in animals and humans. immunization with purified outer membranes induces protection against acute anaplasma marginale infection and disease, and a proteomic and genomic approach recently identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to the well-characterized major surface proteins msp1 to msp5. among the newly descri ... | 2007 | 17339347 |
| first report of anaplasma phagocytophilum and its co-infections with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) from republic of moldova. | we examined 198 questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in chisinau city, republic of moldova by pcr assays for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and co-infection of both pathogens, which were detected in 9%, 25.2% and 2.5% of tested ticks, respectively. b. burgdorferi s.l. genotyping revealed the presence of five genospecies with dominance of b. garinii. our preliminary study provides evidence about occurrence of both pathogens in this populated area, which represent a ... | 2007 | 17342346 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of rock1 during infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular pathogen that persists within polymorphonuclear leucocytes, is the second most common tick-borne agent in north america. we now show that infection of a promyelocytic cell line and neutrophils with a. phagocytophilum results in pathogen-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of rock1. phosphorylation is associated with psgl-1 and syk, because psgl-1 blocking antibodies and sirna targeting syk interfere with rock1 phosphorylation in a. phagocytophil ... | 2007 | 17346310 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in germany. | a total number of 111 dogs were included in the present prospective study investigating the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in germany. dogs were divided into two groups. dogs of group 1 (n = 49) showed clinical and/or haematological signs seen in infections with a. phagocytophilum, whereas those of group 2 (n = 62) did not have any evidence of anaplasmosis. for each dog, an a. phagocytophilum 16s rrna-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edt ... | 2007 | 17348913 |
| association between polyarthritis and thrombocytopenia and increased prevalence of vectorborne pathogens in californian dogs. | 2007 | 17277299 | |
| cloning, sequencing, expression, and antigenic characterization of rmsp4 from anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil. | anaplasmosis is a bovine intraerythrocytic disease caused by the bacterium anaplasma marginale; it causes significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions, worldwide. the msp4 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paran , brazil, was amplified by pcr and sequenced; its cloning into the pet102/d-topo vector produced an msp4-6xhis-v5-hp thioredoxin fusion gene construct. this recombinant clone was over-expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de-3); the expressed fusion protein was f ... | 2007 | 17278086 |
| symbiotic bacteria in oocyte and ovarian cell mitochondria of the tick ixodes ricinus: biology and phylogenetic position. | under natural conditions, eukaryote cells may contain bacteria. arthropods such as ticks, insects or mites are a group particularly favoured by the obligate intracellular bacteria. while arthropods are vectors for some of them, other bacteria inhabit invertebrate host cells having entered mutualistic interactions. such endosymbionts dwell usually in the host cell vacuoles or cytoplasm but have been also reported from tick oocyte mitochondria. the microorganisms contribute to mitochondria degrada ... | 2007 | 17226040 |
| wolbachia surface protein (wsp) inhibits apoptosis in human neutrophils. | polymorphonuclear cells (pmns) are essential for the innate immune response against invading bacteria. at the same time, modulation of pmns' apoptosis or cell death by bacteria has emerged as a mechanism of pathogenesis. wolbachia bacteria are gram-negative endosymbionts of filarial nematodes and arthropods, phylogenetically related to the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia and neorickettsia (family anaplasmataceae). although several pathogens are known to interfere with apoptosis, there is only limite ... | 2007 | 17241395 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum anka is tyrosine-phosphorylated at epiya motifs and recruits shp-1 during early infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an intracellular pathogen that infects and survives in neutrophilic granulocytes. the a. phagocytophilum genome encodes a type four secretion system (t4ss) that may facilitate intracellular survival by translocation of virulence factors, but to date, no such factors have been identified. because t4ss-translocated proteins of several intracellular organisms undergo tyrosine phosphorylation by host cell kinases, we investigated tyrosine phosphorylation of a. phagocytop ... | 2007 | 17250594 |
| encephalopathy with seizures having pcr-positive anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis. | 2007 | 17250712 | |
| experimental infection of c3h/hej mice with the ny18 isolate of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), an emerging disease of public health concern in many areas of the world, is caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. small animal models of a phagocytophilum in laboratory mice have been developed and used to study the pathogenesis of hga. in this study, we characterized the pathologic changes in acute infection of c3h/hej mice experimentally infected with the ny18 isolate of a phagocytophilum. although no clinical signs were noted, acute infection was associat ... | 2007 | 17197625 |
| an immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction evaluation of feline plasmacytic pododermatitis. | sections of 14 skin biopsies of cats with plasmacytic pododermatitis and a clinical follow-up of 12-36 months were stained with a polyclonal anti-mycobacterium bovis (bacille calmette-guerin = bcg) antibody cross-reactive to a broad spectrum of fungi and bacteria. all sections were negative for organisms within the actual footpad tissue with the anti-bcg antibody stains. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays that amplify the dna of bartonella spp., ehrlichia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, chl ... | 2007 | 17197627 |
| in vivo endothelial cell infection by anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale has recently been shown to infect endothelial cells in vitro, but it remains unknown as to whether endothelial infection also occurs in vivo. in this report, we demonstrate through dual fluorescence microscopy that a marginale, detected by the monoclonal antibody anaf16c1, co-localizes with the endothelial cell marker, von willebrand factor, in tissue sections from an experimentally inoculated calf. the results indicate that a marginale infection includes endothelial cells an ... | 2007 | 17197636 |
| characterization of anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 5 and the extent of its cross-reactivity with a. marginale. | major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma marginale is highly conserved in the genus anaplasma and the antigen used in a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) for serologic identification of cattle with anaplasmosis. this study analyzes the degrees of conservation of msp5 among various isolates of anaplasma phagocytophilum and the extent of serologic cross-reactivity between recombinant msp5 (rmsp5) of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum. the msp5 ... | 2007 | 17215333 |
| dna vaccine construct incorporating intercellular trafficking and intracellular targeting motifs effectively primes and induces memory b- and t-cell responses in outbred animals. | we developed a vaccine construct in which a bvp22 domain and an invariant-chain major histocompatibility complex class ii-targeting motif capable of enhancing dendritic cell antigen uptake and presentation were fused to a sequence encoding a b- and t-cell antigen from the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and tested whether this construct would prime and expand immune responses in outbred calves. a single inoculation with this construct effectively primed the immune responses, as demo ... | 2007 | 17215335 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum', bartonella species, ehrlichia species, and anaplasma phagocytophilum dna in the blood of cats with anemia. | hemoplasmas are known causes of anemia in some cats and some bartonella species have been associated with anemia in people and in dogs. in this retrospective study, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to determine the prevalence rates of mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus m haemominutum', a phagocytophilum, ehrlichia species, and bartonella species dna in the blood of cats with anemia and a control group of healthy cats. dna of the organisms was amplified from 22 of 89 cats with anemi ... | 2007 | 16846745 |
| pcr detection of anaplasma platys in blood and tissue of dogs during acute phase of experimental infection. | four dogs were experimentally infected with anaplasma platys to determine changes in real-time taqman pcr detection in blood and tissue, microscopically detectable parasitemia, and platelet concentrations during the first 28 days of infection. buffy-coat blood cells were pcr positive for a. platys dna at 4 days after inoculation and remained positive in all dogs until day 14. marked thrombocytopenia and low parasitemia occurred in dogs during that initial period. during 17 and 28 days post-inocu ... | 2007 | 17034792 |
| anaplasma marginale field challenge: protection by an inactivated immunogen that shares partial sequence of msp1alpha variable region with the challenge strain. | twenty four hereford heifers free of anaplasmosis were allotted into three groups of eight animals each and inoculated three times with adjuvant in puck saline as control or 50 microg and 100 microg of total protein of anaplasma marginale initial bodies from three mexican strains which share the same variable region of msp1alpha and msp4. inoculation with the adjuvant or the immunogen at either of the two protein doses did not induce any undesirable changes attributable to inoculation in vaccina ... | 2007 | 17049686 |
| sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of anaplasma ovis strains. | anaplasma ovis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is a tick-borne pathogen of sheep, goats and wild ruminants. the genetic diversity of a. ovis strains has not been well characterized due to the lack of sequence information. in this study, we evaluated bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from montana for infection with a. ovis by serology and sequence analysis of the msp4 gene. antibodies to anaplasma spp. were detected in 37% and 39% of bighorn sheep and mule deer ... | 2007 | 17052866 |
| vector seasonality, host infection dynamics and fitness of pathogens transmitted by the tick ixodes scapularis. | fitness of tick-borne pathogens may be determined by the degree to which their infection dynamics in vertebrate hosts permits transmission cycles if infective and uninfected tick stages are active at different times of the year. to investigate this hypothesis we developed a simulation model that integrates the transmission pattern imposed by seasonally asynchronous nymphal and larval ixodes scapularis ticks in northeastern north america, with a model of infection in white-footed mice (peromyscus ... | 2007 | 17032476 |
| serological survey of ehrlichia and anaplasma infection of feral raccoons (procyon lotor) in kanagawa prefecture, japan. | numbers of feral raccoon; the possible reservoir animal of ehrlichia and anaplasma, are increasing in japan. thus serological methods were utilized to examine ehrlichia and anaplasma infection in raccoons from kanagawa prefecture, japan. by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, among 187 feral raccoons examined, 1 (0.5%) serologically reacted with ehrlichia canis, 3 (1.6%) with ehrlichia chaffeensis and 1 (0.5%) with anaplasma phagocytophilum with the titers of 1:40 or more. although scree ... | 2007 | 17157441 |
| porin activity of anaplasma phagocytophilum outer membrane fraction and purified p44. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, has significantly less coding capacity for biosynthesis and central intermediary metabolism than do free-living bacteria. thus, a. phagocytophilum needs to usurp and acquire various compounds from its host. here we demonstrate that the isolated outer membrane of a. phagocytophilum has porin activity, as measured by a liposome swelling assay. the activity allows the diffusion of l-glutami ... | 2007 | 17172334 |
| transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of dermacentor andersoni stiles (acari: ixodidae). | amongst blood-feeding arthropods, ticks of the family ixodidae (hard ticks) are vectors and reservoirs of a greater variety of infectious agents than any other ectoparasite. salivary glands of ixodid ticks secrete a large number of pharmacologically active molecules that not only facilitate feeding but also promote establishment of infectious agents. genomic, proteomic and immunologic characterization of bioactive salivary gland molecules are, therefore, important as they offer new insights into ... | 2007 | 17175446 |
| selection for simple major surface protein 2 variants during anaplasma marginale transmission to immunologically naïve animals. | anaplasma marginale, a rickettsial pathogen, evades clearance in the animal host by antigenic variation. under immune selection, a. marginale expresses complex major surface protein 2 mosaics, derived from multiple donor sequences. however, these mosaics have a selective advantage only in the presence of adaptive immunity and are rapidly replaced by simple variants following transmission. | 2007 | 17178787 |
| gene conversion is a convergent strategy for pathogen antigenic variation. | recent studies on three unrelated vector-borne pathogens, anaplasma marginale, borrelia hermsii and trypanosoma brucei, illustrate the central importance of gene conversion as a mechanism for antigenic variation, which results in subsequent evasion of the immune response and persistence in the reservoir host. the combination of genome sequence data and in vivo studies tracking variant emergence not only provides insight into the genetic mechanisms for variant generation and hierarchy in variant ... | 2007 | 17662656 |
| comparison of the complement fixation test and competitive elisa for serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection in experimentally infected steers. | to compare sensitivity of a complement fixation (cf) test and competitive elisa (celisa) for detection of anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected steers. | 2007 | 17669027 |
| biomedical evaluation of free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) in three habitats at the beza mahafaly special reserve, madagascar. | complete physical examinations and biomedical sample collection were performed on 70 free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) from three different habitats in the beza mahfaly special reserve (bmsr), in southern madagascar, to assess the impact of humans and habitat on lemur health. lemurs were chemically immobilized with ketamine and diazepam administered via blow darts for concurrent biomedical, morphometric, and behavioral studies. subsets of the animals had blood analyzed for hematology ... | 2007 | 17679503 |
| anaplasmosis in cattle in italy. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a disease transmitted by ticks belonging to the ixodidae family. southern italy is considered an endemic zone but environmental and social factors are changing the epidemiology of the disease to expand to previously anaplasmosis-free regions. the available data of published reports of anaplasmosis in italy together with the data obtained by the national centre of reference for anaplasma, babesia, rickettsia and theileria (c.r.a.ba.r.t.), allow ... | 2007 | 17682850 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum - the most widespread tick-borne infection in animals in europe. | the bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) may cause infection in several animal species including human. the disease in domestic ruminants is also called tick-borne fever (tbf), and has been known for at least 200 years. in europe, clinical manifestations due to a. phagocytophilum have been recorded in sheep, goat, cattle, horse, dog, cat, roe deer, reindeer and human. however, seropositive and pcr-positive mammalian have been detected in several other species. ... | 2007 | 17682851 |
| targeting the tick/pathogen interface for developing new anaplasmosis vaccine strategies. | bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne hemolytic disease of cattle that occurs worldwide caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsiae anaplasma marginale. control measures, including use of acaricides, administration of antibiotics and vaccines, have varied with geographic location. our research is focused on the tick-pathogen interface for development of new vaccine strategies with the goal of reducing anaplasmosis, tick infestations and the vectorial capacity of ticks. toward this approach, we hav ... | 2007 | 17682853 |
| human granulocytic anaplasmosis during pregnancy: case series and literature review. | we describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations and pregnancy outcomes of 6 women who received a diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis during pregnancy. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis did not seem to present in a fulminant fashion, and all treated patients had excellent responses to rifampin or doxycycline therapy. perinatal transmission was documented in 1 neonate, who responded well to treatment. there do not appear to be any long-term adverse sequelae in children born from thes ... | 2007 | 17682993 |
| mitogenic component in polar lipid-enriched anaplasma phagocytophilum membranes. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. a. phagocytophilum cells activate toll-like receptor 2 signaling and possess mitogenic activity, and a. phagocytophilum infection in vivo activates nkt cells unrelated to major surface protein 2 (msp2) hypervariable region expression. thus, we hypothesized that lipoprotein or glycolipid components of a. phagocytophilum membranes could be important triggers of the innate immune response and immu ... | 2007 | 17687112 |
| detection of rickettsia africae in rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus ticks from the republic of botswana, south africa. | a total of 53 engorged adult ticks belonging to the species rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus (n = 9), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (n = 27), rhipicephalus appendiculatus (n = 9), amblyomma hebraeum (n = 5), and hyalomma marginatum turanicum (n = 3), were removed from oryx in botswana (south africa). they were tested for the presence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia and anaplasma phagocytophilum using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). seventy-seven percent of r. decoloratus as well as ... | 2007 | 17690416 |
| tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in wild and domestic small mammals in northern spain. | the prevalence and diversity of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria (borrelia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, and spotted fever group rickettsiae) infecting 253 small mammals captured in the basque country (spain) were assessed using pcr and reverse line blot hybridization. trapping sites were selected around sheep farms (study 1, 2000 to 2002) and recreational parks (study 2, 2003 to 2005). the majority of the studied mammals (162) were wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus), but six othe ... | 2007 | 17693556 |
| identification of novel surface proteins of anaplasma phagocytophilum by affinity purification and proteomics. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), one of the major tick-borne zoonoses in the united states. the surface of a. phagocytophilum plays a crucial role in subverting the hostile host cell environment. however, except for the p44/msp2 outer membrane protein family, the surface components of a. phagocytophilum are largely unknown. to identify the major surface proteins of a. phagocytophilum, a membrane-impermeable, cleavable biotin reagent, sulf ... | 2007 | 17766422 |
| maintenance of antibody to pathogen epitopes generated by segmental gene conversion is highly dynamic during long-term persistent infection. | multiple bacterial and protozoal pathogens utilize gene conversion to generate rapid intrahost antigenic variation. both large- and small-genome pathogens expand the size of the variant pool via a combinatorial process in which oligonucleotide segments from distinct donor loci are recombined in various combinations into expression sites. although the potential combinatorial diversity generated by this segmental gene conversion mechanism is quite large, the functional variant pool depends on whet ... | 2007 | 17785476 |
| ticks of small ruminants in china. | the importance of ticks and tick-borne diseases of small ruminants in china is discussed. of the 109 species of ticks identified to date in china, 45 species infest small ruminants. five species have been proved to be involved, or possibly involved, in the transmission of tick-borne diseases. anaplasma ovis, babesia motasi, babesia ovis and two unidentified species of theileria, have been recorded in small ruminants in china. the diseases caused by these organisms are widespread in china, causin ... | 2007 | 17823826 |
| asc/pycard and caspase-1 regulate the il-18/ifn-gamma axis during anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular pathogen that resides within neutrophils and can cause fever, pancytopenia, or death. ifn-gamma plays a critical role in the control of a. phagocytophilum; however, the mechanisms that regulate ifn-gamma production remain unclear. in this study, we demonstrate that apoptotic specklike protein with a caspase-activating recruiting domain (asc)/pycard, a central adaptor molecule in the nod-like receptor (nlr) pathway, regulates the il-18/ifn-ga ... | 2007 | 17878377 |
| influence of dipping practices on the seroprevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone adjoining the kruger national park in south africa. | a serological survey of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis was conducted in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone surrounding the kruger national park in south africa between 2001 and 2003 to determine whether the withdrawal of government-subsidized dipping in certain regions had affected the seroprevalence of these tick-borne diseases. seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale and babesia bovis increased during the study period. this increase was greater in limpopo province where farmers had to su ... | 2007 | 17883196 |
| sp110 transcription is induced and required by anaplasma phagocytophilum for infection of human promyelocytic cells. | the tick-borne intracellular pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis after infection of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. the human sp110 gene is a member of the nuclear body (nb) components that functions as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator and plays an important role in immunoprotective mechanisms against pathogens in humans. in this research, we hypothesized that sp110 may be involved in the infection of hum ... | 2007 | 17883869 |
| sialyl-lewis x-independent infection of human myeloid cells by anaplasma phagocytophilum strains hz and hge1. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects neutrophils and neutrophil precursors. bacterial recognition of p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (psgl-1) and the alpha2,3-sialylated- and alpha1,3-fucosylated-moiety sialyl-lewis x (sle(x)), which modifies the psgl-1 n terminus, is important for adhesion to and invasion of myeloid cells. we have previously demonstrated that a. phagocytophilum organisms of the nc ... | 2007 | 17893131 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum-borrelia burgdorferi coinfection enhances chemokine, cytokine, and matrix metalloprotease expression by human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum coinfect and are transmitted by ixodes species ticks. clinical indicators suggest that a. phagocytophilum coinfection contributes to the severity, dissemination, and, possibly, sequelae of lyme disease. previous in vitro studies showed that spirochete penetration through human brain microvascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier is facilitated by endothelial cell-derived matrix metalloproteases (mmps). a. phagocytophilum-infected neu ... | 2007 | 17898182 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum p44 mrna expression is differentially regulated in mammalian and tick host cells: involvement of the dna binding protein apxr. | the natural life cycle of anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, consists of alternate infection of two distinct hosts, ticks and mammals, in which bacterial surface proteins are expected to have a critical role. the present study investigated regulation of a. phagocytophilum p44 genes, which encode the p44 major surface proteins. quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr analysis revealed that the amount of p44 mrna o ... | 2007 | 17905983 |
| wild game as a reservoir of anaplasma phagocytophilum in north-western poland. | the aim of the study was to determine the role of game animals as reservoirs of anaplasma phagocytophilum, a bacteria species transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks, from north-western poland (zachodniopomorskie vovoidship). the area under question is endemic for a. phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17912805 |
| [hematozoon cenoses of small rodents and insectivora in the orenburg region]. | a total of 2942 specimens of 15 species of ground rodents and insectova in the orenburg region were caught and examined during long-term studies. the investigators detected 7 taxonomic groups of hematozoons: rickettsia (anaplasma sp., grahamella sp., haemobartonella sp.), protozoa (trypanosoma sp., plasmodium sp., piroplasma sp.), and nematodes (filariidae spp., larval stages). the authors give information on the species composition and infection extensiveness of individual systematic groups of ... | 2007 | 17912832 |
| seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the central kalahari game reserves in botswana. | twenty-one free-ranging central kalahari lions (panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. all individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17460117 |
| detection and quantification of anaplasma marginale dna in blood samples of cattle by real-time pcr. | a taqman-based real-time pcr assay was developed for the diagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection of cattle. the established assay was proven to be highly specific, since no cross-reactions were observed with other anaplasma species of ruminants, including the closely related anaplasma centrale, or other haemoparasites of ruminants (anaplasma bovis, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata and theileria buffeli). the detection limit was equ ... | 2007 | 17466470 |
| diversifying selection and host adaptation in two endosymbiont genomes. | the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis infects a broad range of arthropod and filarial nematode hosts. these diverse associations form an attractive model for understanding host:symbiont coevolution. wolbachia's ubiquity and ability to dramatically alter host reproductive biology also form the foundation of research strategies aimed at controlling insect pests and vector-borne disease. the wolbachia strains that infect nematodes are phylogenetically distinct, strictly vertically transmitted, and r ... | 2007 | 17470297 |
| isolation and propagation of the ap-variant 1 strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum in a tick cell line. | the first tissue culture isolates of the unique anaplasma phagocytophilum strain, ap-variant 1, were obtained in the ixodes scapularis tick-derived cell line ise6. two isolates were from goat blood samples: one from a goat infected with i. scapularis ticks from rhode island and a second from a goat infected by serial passage of blood from the first infected goat. eight isolates were made directly from i. scapularis ticks collected from white-tailed deer in minnesota and represent the first isola ... | 2007 | 17475757 |
| molecular detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in amblyomma variegatum ticks in the gambia. | in west africa, losses due to heartwater disease are not known because the incidence/prevalence has not been well studied or documented. to develop a diagnostic tool for molecular epidemiology, three pcr-based diagnostic assays, a nested pcs20 pcr, a nested map1 pcr and a nested reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay, were evaluated to determine their ability to detect infection in vector ticks, by applying them simultaneously to a. variegatum field ticks to detect ehrlichia ruminantium, th ... | 2007 | 17476576 |
| proteomic identification of a novel anaplasma phagocytophilum dna binding protein that regulates a putative transcription factor. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligatory intracellular bacterium. little is known about the gene regulatory mechanisms for this bacterium. a gene encoding a putative transcription factor, tr1, upstream of three tandem genes encoding outer membrane proteins, including the major outer membrane protein p44, is driven by a strong promoter. in the present study, gel mobility shift assays revealed the presence of a. phagocytophilum proteins th ... | 2007 | 17483233 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic felines in the united states. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is among the more common tick-borne disease agents in the united states. it is of veterinary and public health significance as dogs, cats, and human beings are known to be susceptible. a. phagocytophilum is transmitted trans-stadially by either nymphs or adults of either the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis) or the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). little information is available regarding either the prevalence of this agent in cats or the dynamics of ve ... | 2007 | 17493756 |
| contribution of polymorphisms in anka, glta, and groesl in defining genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | analysis of several nucleotide polymorphisms in polymorphic genes (anka, glta, and groesl) from 16s rrna gene-based genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum from dogs in the western united states defined at least two sets of multigene polymorphisms to further characterize these variants. the multigene polymorphism approach holds promise for development of a genotyping scheme for this important pathogen. | 2007 | 17507511 |
| il-12/23p40-dependent clearance of anaplasma phagocytophilum in the murine model of human anaplasmosis. | human anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease transmitted by ticks that can be potentially fatal in the immunocompromised and the elderly. the mechanisms of defense against the causative agent, anaplasma phagocytophilum, are not completely understood; however, interferon (ifn)-gamma plays an important role in pathogen clearance. here, we show that ifn-gamma is regulated through an early il-12/23p40-dependent mechanism. interleukin (il)-12/23p40 is regulated in macrophages and dendritic ce ... | 2007 | 17521390 |
| molecular and serological evidence for anaplasma platys and babesia sp. infection in a dog, imported in belgium, from southern spain. | this case report describes a dog suffering from a co-infection with babesia and anaplasma parasites. anaplasma platys was found to be responsible for the anaplasmosis by molecular biology techniques, while microscopical and serological evidence was found for a coexistent babesiosis, although this could not be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. moreover, the possible risk of import of exotic pathogens is highlighted. | 2007 | 17523964 |
| conservation of transmission phenotype of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) strains among dermacentor and rhipicephalus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | before the eradication of boophilus ticks from the united states, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. in the absence of boophilus ticks, a. marginale continues to be transmitted by dermacentor ticks. however, a few u.s. strains are not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni stiles, dermacentor variabilis (say), or both, raising the question of how these ... | 2007 | 17547235 |
| gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a potential reservoir of a bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and domestic dogs as part of a sentinel system for surveillance of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in northern california. | two species of bartonella, a novel bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, were isolated from rural dogs and gray foxes in northern california. a novel b. clarridgeiae-like species was isolated from 3 (1.7%) of 182 dogs and 22 (42%) of 53 gray foxes, while b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was isolated from 1 dog (0.5%) and 5 gray foxes (9.4%). pcr and dna sequence analyses of the citrate synthase (glta) gene and the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region suggested that s ... | 2007 | 17553970 |
| [clinical and serological evidence of canine rickettsiosis in chile]. | rickettsial infections in pets have not been documented in chile. some of those infections have relevant zoonotic potential. | 2007 | 17554436 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs with neurological signs. | a retrospective cohort study was carried out to evaluate whether seropositivity for the tick-transmitted bacterial species borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and/or anaplasma phagocytophilum was associated with one or more specific categories of nervous system disorders in dogs. a total of 248 dogs with nervous system disorders were serotested for these agents and categorised into six main diagnostic categories: degenerative diseases of the spine, epilepsy, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, periphe ... | 2007 | 17575245 |
| counterpoint: long-term antibiotic therapy improves persistent symptoms associated with lyme disease. | controversy exists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease. patients with persistent symptoms after standard (2-4-week) antibiotic therapy for this tickborne illness have been denied further antibiotic treatment as a result of the perception that long-term infection with the lyme spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, and associated tickborne pathogens is rare or nonexistent. | 2007 | 17578772 |
| human granulocytic anaplasmosis and macrophage activation. | patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis present with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and an elevated aspartate transaminase level. clinical and histopathologic features of severe disease suggest macrophage activation. twenty-nine patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis had higher ferritin, interleukin-10, interleukin-12 p70, and interferon- gamma levels than did control subjects matched for age and sex; severity correlated with triglyceride, ferritin, and interleukin-12 p70 leve ... | 2007 | 17578779 |
| ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. | human ehrlichioses are emerging tickborne infections. "human ehrlichiosis" describes infections with at least 5 separate obligate intracellular bacteria in 3 genera in the family anaplasmataceae. since 1986, these agents and infections (human monocytic ehrlichiosis [hme], caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis; human granulocytic anaplasmosis [hga], caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum; and human ewingii ehrlichiosis, caused by ehrlichia ewingii) are the causes of most human ehrlichioses. their prevalen ... | 2007 | 17582569 |
| new criteria for selecting the origin of dna replication in wolbachia and closely related bacteria. | the annotated genomes of two closely related strains of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis have been reported without the identifications of the putative origin of replication (ori). identifying the ori of these bacteria and related alpha-proteobacteria as well as their patterns of sequence evolution will aid studies of cell replication and cell density, as well as the potential genetic manipulation of these widespread intracellular bacteria. | 2007 | 17584494 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum anka secreted by type iv secretion system is tyrosine phosphorylated by abl-1 to facilitate infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular bacterium of granulocytes. a. phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 160 kda protein (p160) in host cells. however, identity of p160, kinases involved, and effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on bacterial infection remain largely unknown. here, we demonstrated through proteomic analysis that p160, an abundant and rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated protein throughout infe ... | 2007 | 17587335 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a fallow deer (dama dama) population in a preserve of central italy. | from autumn 2004 to spring 2005, 70 fallow deer (dama dama), 27 female and 43 male, living in a natural preserve of central italy were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to detect specific antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum. thirty-one (44.28%) sera scored positive: in particular 10 fallow deer (8 male and 2 female) scored positive at 40 antibody titer, 21 deer (8 male and 13 female) at > or = 80 titer. edta anticoagulated blood samples collected from 29 of the 70 deer exam ... | 2007 | 17619261 |
| ehrlichia species in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in cameroon. | ehrlichia and anaplasma species are tick-transmitted obligately intracellular bacteria that commonly cause disease in dogs worldwide. in addition to causing disease in canines, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, and anaplasma phagocytophilum are responsible for emerging and life-threatening human zoonoses in the united states. we previously reported a high prevalence of e. canis infection in cameroonian dogs based on serologic and molecular evidence. this study was undertaken to determine ... | 2007 | 17627442 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus ticks determined by polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers detecting 16s rrna and anka genes. | a total of 684 ixodes ricinus ticks (321 nymphs, 184 males, and 179 females) were collected by flagging lower vegetation in 6 forest districts located on the territory of lublin province (eastern poland). ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum dna with two pairs of primers: ehr521/ehr747 for detecting 16s rrna gene, and la6/la1 for detecting anka gene. to study the relationship between infection in ticks and people occupational ... | 2007 | 18247465 |
| anaplasma platys in dogs, chile. | we conducted a 16s rrna nested pcr for the genus ehrlichia and ehrlichia spp. with blood samples from 30 ill dogs in chile. phylogenetic analysis was performed by using groesl gene amplification. we identified anaplasma platys as 1 of the etiologic agents of canine ehrlichiosis. | 2007 | 18252119 |
| molecular evidence for anaplasma phagocytophilum in israel. | sequences from the anaplasma phagocytophilum 16s rrna gene were detected in 5 ticks representing 3 species (hyalomma marginatum, rhipicephalus turanicus, and boophilus kohlsi) collected from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in mount carmel, israel. the sequences were all identical to those of ap-variant 1 strain. | 2007 | 18252125 |
| zoonotic pathogens in ixodes scapularis, michigan. | 2007 | 18214207 | |
| surveillance for zoonotic vector-borne infections using sick dogs from southeastern brazil. | for many vector-borne organisms, dogs can be used as sentinels to estimate the risk of human infection. the objective of this study was to use dogs as sentinels for multiple vector-borne organisms in order to evaluate the potential for human infection with these agents in southeastern brazil. blood from 198 sick dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were selected at the são paulo state university veterinary teaching hospital in botucatu and tested for ... | 2007 | 18021025 |
| habitat factors influencing distributions of anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis in the mississippi alluvial valley. | human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hme), caused by the bacterium ehrlichia chaffeensis, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), caused by the bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum, are two emerging tick-borne zoonoses of concern. factors influencing geographic distributions of these pathogens are not fully understood, especially at varying spatial extents (regional versus landscape) and resolutions (counties versus smaller land units). we used logistic regression to compare influences of physic ... | 2007 | 18047394 |
| ultrastructural evidence of the ehrlichial developmental cycle in naturally infected ixodes persulcatus ticks in the course of coinfection with rickettsia, borrelia, and a flavivirus. | ehrlichiae are small gram-negative obligately intracellular bacteria that multiply within vacuoles of their host cells and are associated for a part of their life cycle with ticks, which serve as vectors for vertebrate hosts. two morphologically and physiologically different ehrlichial cell types, reticulate cells (rc) and dense-cored cells (dc), are observed during experimental infection of cell cultures, mice, and ticks. dense-cored cells and reticulate cells in vertebrate cell lines alternate ... | 2007 | 18171109 |
| detection of rickettsia amblyommii in association with a tick bite rash. | in the summer of 2006, an amblyomma americanum tick was removed from a woman in central north carolina, who subsequently developed a rash at the site of tick attachment. when examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for borrelia, anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, rickettsia, and bartonella dna, only the rickettsia primers generated an amplicon, which was identified as "r. amblyommii" by sequencing. to our knowledge, this is the first case in which r. amblyommii was temporally associated with a r ... | 2007 | 18052716 |
| experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus. | bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale. | 2007 | 18053123 |
| [probable case of imported human anaplasmosis]. | 2007 | 18053479 | |
| [transcription of genes of membrane proteins of brazilians isolates of anaplasma marginale]. | this work shows the transcription profile of membrane protein genes in three brazilian isolates of anaplasma marginale (rio grande do norte, pernambuco-zona da mata, and pernambuco-sertão). rna was purified from cattle blood experimentally-infected with the three isolates of a. marginale. after reverse transcription, genes omp1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14; opag1-3; virb3, 9, and 10; am097, 197, 254, 854, and 956 were amplified by pcr, with specific primers. transcripts were dete ... | 2007 | 18078602 |
| [natural infection by hemoparasites in calves submitted to chemoprophylaxis at 30 days of age]. | the tick-borne disease (tbd) brings great damages to cattle breeding. the most important etiologic agents are babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale, being the tick boophilus microplus the main vector. this work reports the occurrence of natural infection by hemoparasites of tbd in 36 calves with high ticks natural infestation submitted to chemoprophylaxis with 30 days year-old. the blood smears from animals of different ages were analized and were found b. bigemina (33.3%), b. bovis ... | 2007 | 18078605 |
| [investigation on anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in rodents from forest areas in northeastern china]. | to investigate the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodents from forest areas in northeastern china. | 2007 | 17649687 |
| [anapasma and human granulocytic anaplasmosis]. | 2007 | 17649695 | |
| observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals in sicily, italy during 2003-2005. | the objective of this study was to characterize the observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (tbp) in domestic animals in sicily, italy during 2003-2005. serological (competitive elisa and indirect immunofluorescence antibody, n = 3299) and dna tests (polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot, n = 2565) were conducted on horse, donkey, cattle, sheep, goat, pig and dog samples. pathogens analysed included anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia, babesia and theileria species, and coxiella burne ... | 2007 | 17359441 |