Publications

[current status of experience and concepts concerning the therapy of progressive muscular dystrophies].		2016	4889952
effects of isoleucine deficiency on nucleic acid and protein metabolism in cultured chinese hamster cells. continued ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in the absence of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.		2016	5061874
[double electron-nuclear resonance of free radicals in gamma-irradiated glycine single crystals].		2016	4701432
[aspects of long term care. 1].		2016	4971091
[measurement of central venous pressure: only in recumbent position?].		2016	4829023
[subphrenic abscess and its x-ray differential diagnosis].		2016	5076712
[circumstantial study of accidents in minors under 15 years of age (study of 100 cases)].		2016	4791562
[the bioelectrical activity of the muscles in patients following poliomyelitis].		2016	4775888
primary angle-closure glaucoma in urbanized south african caucasoid and negroid communities.		2016	4725852
[anton musger on his 70th birthday].		2016	4880808
treatment of diarrhoea using traditional medicines: contemporary research in south africa and zimbabwe.	gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhoea in particular remain a major concern in south africa and zimbabwe resulting in high mortality rates when left untreated. this investigation was aimed at documenting herbal medicines used in the treatment of diarrhoea in south africa and zimbabwe.	2016	28480353
preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of chitosan and phosphorylated chitosan from cuttlebone of sepia kobiensis (hoyle, 1885).	chitosan is a commercially available derivative of chitin that has been extensively studied for its antimicrobial properties. in order to improve the water solubility and its biological activity, the chemical modification or derivatisation is attempted. in the present investigation, the chitosan prepared from the cuttlebone of sepia kobiensis was being chemically modified by reacting it with orthophosphoric acid so as to obtain phosphorylated chitosan. then the chitosan and phosphorylated chitos ...	2016	28507912
a new epithelial cell line, hbf from caudal fin of endangered yellow catfish, horabagrus brachysoma (gunther, 1864).	a new epithelial cell line, horabagrus brachysoma fin (hbf), was established from the caudal fin tissue of yellow catfish, h. brachysoma and characterized. this hbf cell line was maintained in leibovitz's-15 medium supplemented with 15 % fetal bovine serum (fbs) and subcultured more than 62 times over a period of 20 months. the hbf cell line consists predominantly of epithelial cells and is able to grow at temperatures between 20 and 35 °c with an optimum temperature of 28 °c. the growth rate of ...	2016	25359669
urinary tract infection due to nono1 vibrio cholerae.		2016	25553995
vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variant and emergence of haitian ctxb variant in the strains isolated from south india.	cholera still continues to be an important cause of human infection, especially in developing countries that lack access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation. in the present study, we report the emergence of new variant form of v. cholerae o1 el tor biotype with a novel mutation in ctxb in strains isolated from various outbreaks during 2010-2014 in belgaum situated in north-west karnataka, india. a total of 14 occurrences of cholera were documented from belgaum division of north karnatak ...	2016	26337047
incidence of severe diarrhoea due to vibrio cholerae in the catchment area of six surveillance hospitals in bangladesh.	cholera is an important public health problem in bangladesh. interventions to prevent cholera depend on their cost-effectiveness which in turn depends on cholera incidence. hospital-based diarrhoeal disease surveillance has been ongoing in six bangladeshi hospitals where a systematic proportion of patients admitted with diarrhoea were enrolled and tested for vibrio cholerae. however, incidence calculation using only hospital data underestimates the real disease burden because many ill persons se ...	2016	26391481
nucleoside uptake in vibrio cholerae and its role in the transition fitness from host to environment.	as it became evident recently, extracellular dna could be a versatile nutrient source of the facultative pathogen vibrio cholerae along the different stages of its life cycle. by the use of two extracellular nucleases and periplasmic phosphatases, v. cholerae degrades extracellular dna to nucleosides. in this study, we investigated the nucleoside uptake via identification and characterization of vca0179, vc1953 and vc2352 representing the three nucleoside transport systems in v. cholerae. based ...	2016	26202476
vibrio cholerae phosphatases required for the utilization of nucleotides and extracellular dna as phosphate sources.	phosphate is essential for life, being used in many core processes such as signal transduction and synthesis of nucleic acids. the waterborne agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, encounters phosphate limitation in both the aquatic environment and human intestinal tract. this bacterium can utilize extracellular dna (edna) as a phosphate source, a phenotype dependent on secreted endo- and exonucleases. however, no transporter of nucleotides has been identified in v. cholerae, suggesting that in orde ...	2016	26175126
catalases and phob/phor system independently contribute to oxidative stress resistance in vibrio cholerae o1.	all cells are subjected to oxidative stress, a condition under which reactive oxygen species (ros) production exceeds elimination. bacterial defences against ros include synthesis of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidases and catalases. vibrio cholerae can produce two distinct catalases, katb and katg, which contribute to ros homeostasis. in this study, we analysed the mechanism behind katg and katb expression in two v. cholerae o1 pandemic strains, o395 and n16961, of classical and el tor biotype ...	2016	27665757
antimicrobial susceptibility of autochthonous aquatic vibrio cholerae in haiti.	we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 collected in surface waters in haiti in july 2012, during an active cholera outbreak. a panel of 16 antibiotics was tested on the isolates using the disk diffusion method and pcr detection of seven resistance-associated genes (stra/b, sul1/2, erma/b, and mefa). all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amikacin, and ...	2016	27818656
a new nano-worm structure from gold-nanoparticle mediated random curving of zinc oxide nanorods.	creating novel nanostructures is a primary step for high-performance analytical sensing. herein, a new worm like nanostructure with zinc oxide-gold (zno/au) hybrid was fabricated through an aqueous hydrothermal method, by doping au-nanoparticle (aunp) on the growing zno lattice. during zno growth, fine tuning the solution temperature expedites random curving of zno nanorods and forms nano-worms. the nano-worms which were evidenced by morphological, physical and structural analyses, revealed elon ...	2016	26584078
molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae associated with flood in brahamputra river valley, assam, india.	cholera is often caused when drinking water is contaminated through environmental sources. in recent years, the drastic cholera epidemics in odisha (2007) and haiti (2010) were associated with natural disasters (flood and earthquake). almost every year the state of assam india witnesses flood in brahamputra river valley during reversal of wind system (monsoon). this is often followed by outbreak of diarrheal diseases including cholera. beside the incidence of cholera outbreaks, there is lack of ...	2016	26656743
hemagglutinin protease secreted by v. cholerae induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by ros mediated intrinsic pathway and regresses tumor growth in mice model.	conventional anticancer therapies are effective but have side effects, so alternative targets are being developed. bacterial toxins that can kill cells or alter the cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation have been reported for cancer treatment. in this study we have shown antitumor activity of hemagglutinin protease (hap) secreted by vibrio cholerae. one µg of hap showed potent antitumor activity when injected into ehrlich ascites carcinoma (eac) tumors in swiss alb ...	2016	26558913
identification of vibrio cholerae serotypes in high-risk marine products with non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis.	vibrio cholerae, a natural inhabitant of the marine environment, poses a threat to human health, and its new epidemic variants have been reported. a method of multiplex polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (pcr-ce-lif) detection has been developed to detect and identify v. cholerae in marine products sensitively, rapidly, and reliably. four sets of primers were selected to amplify genus-specific vcc gene, o139 serogroup-specific o139 gene, o1 serogroup-s ...	2016	26548956
parallel quorum sensing signaling pathways in vibrio cholerae.	quorum sensing (qs) is a microbial signaling process for monitoring population density and complexity. communication among bacterial cells via qs relies on the production, secretion, and detection of small molecules called autoinducers. many bacteria have evolved their qs systems with different network architectures to incorporate information from multiple signals. in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae, at least four parallel signaling pathways converge to control the activity of a single regula ...	2016	26545759
immunosensor based on nanocomposite of nanostructured zirconium oxide and gelatin-a.	we have reported the studies related to the fabrication of a nanocomposite, comprising of sol-gel derived inorganic zirconium oxide nanoparticles (zro2 nps) and organic biopolymer gelatin-a (ga), deposited on indium-tin-oxide (ito) coated glass substrate by drop casting method. the ga-zro2/ito electrode was used for immobilization of monoclonal antibodies (ab) specific to antigen vibrio cholerae (vc) followed by bovine serum albumin (bsa) for antigen vc detection using electrochemical techniques ...	2016	26515440
non-protein coding rna-based genosensor with quantum dots as electrochemical labels for attomolar detection of multiple pathogens.	the ability of a diagnostic test to detect multiple pathogens simultaneously is useful to obtain meaningful information for clinical treatment and preventive measures. we report a highly sensitive and specific electrochemical biosensor assay for simultaneous detection of three gene targets using quantum dots (qds). the targets are novel non-protein coding rna (npcrna) sequences of vibrio cholerae, salmonella sp. and shigella sp., which cause diarrheal diseases. qds (pbs, cds, zns) were synthesiz ...	2016	26513287
distribution and molecular characteristics of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor isolates recovered in guangdong province, china, 1961-2013.	china's guangdong province is located along the same latitude as kolkata, india and dhaka, bangladesh, and is also considered a source of epidemic cholera. however, molecular description and the genetic relationships between vibrio cholerae o1 el tor isolates in guangdong remain unclear. in this study, 381 clinical v. cholerae o1 isolates recovered from cholera cases presenting in guangdong between 1961 and 2013 were investigated by pcr, amplicon sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( ...	2016	26554719
vibrio cholerae o1 el tor from southern vietnam in 2010 was molecularly distinct from that present from 1999 to 2004.	the vibrio cholerae o1 (vco1) el tor biotype appeared during the seventh cholera pandemic starting in 1961, and new variants of this biotype have been identified since the early 1990s. this pandemic has affected vietnam, and a large outbreak was reported in southern vietnam in 2010. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analyses (mlva) were used to screen 34 vco1 isolates from the southern vietnam 2010 outbreak (23 patients, five contact persons, an ...	2016	26554547
non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae bacteremic skin and soft tissue infections.	non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae can cause sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and extra-intestinal invasive infections, following exposure to contaminated seawater or freshwater or after consumption of raw seafood. bacteremic infections with skin and soft tissue manifestations are uncommon and in most cases are associated with liver cirrhosis, haematologic malignancies, diabetes mellitus and other immunosuppressed conditions.	2016	26503346
surviving the acid barrier: responses of pathogenic vibrio cholerae to simulated gastric fluid.	when bacteria are subjected to low acidic phs of the gastric environment, they may enter the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state of survival. in this state, bacteria cannot be cultured on solid media, still exhibit signs of metabolic activity (viability). in this study, the response of pathogenic vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 to low ph-simulated environments of the human stomach was evaluated for their survival by culturability (plate count) and viability (flow cytometry-fc) assays. bacteria wer ...	2016	26496916
ctxb1 outcompetes ctxb7 in vibrio cholerae o1, bangladesh.		2016	26487638
label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on cerium oxide nanowires for vibrio cholerae o1 detection.	this paper developed a label-free immunosensor based on cerium oxide nanowire for vibrio cholerae o1 detection application. the ceo2 nanowires were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. the immobilization of anti-v. cholerae o1 onto ceo2 nanowire-deposited sensor was performed via an amino ester, which was created by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, and sulfo-n-hydroxysuccinimide. the electrochemical responses of the immunosensor were studied by electrochemical impedance spe ...	2016	26478391
aeromonas chitinase degrades chironomid egg masses.	chironomids are freshwater insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis of four life stages. chironomid egg masses can be degraded by vibrio cholerae and some aeromonas species. egg mass degradation by v. cholerae requires haemagglutinin protease activity. our aim was to identify the egg mass degrading (emd) factor secreted by aeromonas dhkanesis 3k1c15. following the hypothesis that the emd factor of a. dhkanesis is also a protease, secreted proteases were screened, but none of them proved to ...	2016	26472256
role of the na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase in voltage generation and na(+) extrusion in vibrio cholerae.	for vibrio cholerae, the coordinated import and export of na(+) is crucial for adaptation to habitats with different osmolarities. we investigated the na(+)-extruding branch of the sodium cycle in this human pathogen by in vivo (23)na-nmr spectroscopy. the na(+) extrusion activity of cells was monitored after adding glucose which stimulated respiration via the na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr). in a v. cholerae deletion mutant devoid of the na(+)-nqr encoding genes (nqr ...	2016	26721205
cholera toxin production induced upon anaerobic respiration is suppressed by glucose fermentation in vibrio cholerae.	the causative agent of pandemic cholera, vibrio cholerae, infects the anaerobic environment of the human intestine. production of cholera toxin (ct), a major virulence factor of v. cholerae, is highly induced during anaerobic respiration with trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) as an alternative electron acceptor. however, the molecular mechanism of tmao-stimulated ct production is not fully understood. herein, we reveal that ct production during anaerobic tmao respiration is affected by glucose ferme ...	2016	26718467
validity of the estimates of oral cholera vaccine effectiveness derived from the test-negative design.	the test-negative design (tnd) has emerged as a simple method for evaluating vaccine effectiveness (ve). its utility for evaluating oral cholera vaccine (ocv) effectiveness is unknown. we examined this method's validity in assessing ocv effectiveness by comparing the results of tnd analyses with those of conventional cohort analyses.	2016	26707378
a luminescent hybridoma-based biosensor for rapid detection of v. cholerae upon induction of calcium signaling pathway.	in this study, a hybridoma based biosensor was developed for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of vibrio cholerae o1 which converts the antibody-antigen binding to bioluminescence light. after investigation on hybridoma performance, the biosensor was constructed by transfecting specific hybridoma cells with aequorin reporter gene and the bioluminescence activities of stable biosensor were measured. the sensitivity of biosensor was as few as 50 cfu/ml and it showed no responses to other en ...	2016	26706943
starch dust explosion and flame burn injury in a patient complicated with severe cellulites caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae.		2016	26687236
characterization of environmental vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 in the pearl river estuary, china.	toxigenic isolates of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 from aquatic reservoirs are a key source for recurrent epidemics of cholera in human populations. however, we do not have an optimal understanding of the microbiology of the strains within these reservoirs, particularly outside of the time periods when there are active cholera cases in the surrounding community. the main objective of the present study was to identify and characterize v. cholerae o1 and o139 in the pearl river estuary a ...	2016	26674584
regulation of competence-mediated horizontal gene transfer in the natural habitat of vibrio cholerae.	the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous inhabitant of aquatic environments where it often interacts with zooplankton and their chitinous molts. chitin induces natural competence for transformation in v. cholerae, a key mode of horizontal gene transfer (hgt). recent comparative genomic analyses were indicative of extensive hgt in this species. however, we can still expand our understanding of the complex regulatory network that drives competence in v. cholerae. here, we present rec ...	2016	26615332
the dna-uptake process of naturally competent vibrio cholerae.	the sophisticated dna-uptake machinery used during natural transformation is still poorly characterized, especially in gram-negative bacteria where the transforming dna has to cross two membranes as well as the peptidoglycan layer before entering the cytoplasm. the dna-uptake machinery was hypothesized to take the form of a pseudopilus, which, upon repeated cycles of extension and retraction, would pull external dna towards the cell surface or into the periplasmic space, followed by translocatio ...	2016	26614677
o-specific polysaccharide-specific memory b cell responses in young children, older children, and adults infected with vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa in bangladesh.	cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 confers at least 3 to 10 years of protection against subsequent disease regardless of age, despite a relatively rapid fall in antibody levels in peripheral blood, suggesting that memory b cell responses may play an important role in protection. the v. cholerae o1-specific polysaccharide (osp) component of lipopolysaccharide (lps) is responsible for serogroup specificity, and it is unclear if young children are capable of developing memory b cell responses aga ...	2016	27009211
isolation and molecular identification of vibrio spp. by sequencing of 16s rdna from seafood, meat and meat products in libya.	the genus vibrio includes several food-borne pathogens that cause a spectrum of clinical conditions including septicemia, cholera and milder forms of gastroenteritis. several vibrio spp. are commonly associated with food-borne transmission including vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus. microbiological analysis for enumeration and isolation of vibrio spp. were carried out for a total of 93 samples of seafood, meat and meat products from different geographic localities i ...	2016	27004169
single-dose live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr protects against human experimental infection with vibrio cholerae o1 el tor.	no licensed cholera vaccine is presently available in the united states. cholera vaccines available in other countries require 2 spaced doses. a single-dose cholera vaccine that can rapidly protect short-notice travelers to high-risk areas and help control explosive outbreaks where logistics render 2-dose immunization regimens impractical would be a major advance.pxvx0200, based on live attenuated vibrio cholerae o1 classical inaba vaccine strain cvd 103-hgr, elicits seroconversion of vibriocida ...	2016	27001804
genetic characterization of øvc8 lytic phage for vibrio cholerae o1.	epidemics and pandemics of cholera, a diarrheal disease, are attributed to vibrio cholera serogroups o1 and o139. in recent years, specific lytic phages of v. cholera have been proposed to be important factors in the cyclic occurrence of cholera in endemic areas. however, the role and potential participation of lytic phages during long interepidemic periods of cholera in non-endemic regions have not yet been described. the purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize specific lytic phag ...	2016	27000701
rpos is required for natural transformation of vibrio cholerae through regulation of chitinases.	vibrio species naturally reside in the aquatic environment and a major metabolite in this habitat is the chitinous exoskeletons of crustacean zooplankton. in addition to serving as a nutrient, chitin-derived oligosaccharides also induce natural genetic competence in many vibrio spp., a physiological state in which bacteria take up dna from the extracellular environment and can integrate it into their chromosome by homologous recombination. another inducing cue required for competence are quorum- ...	2016	26999629
draft genome sequence of an ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside (onpg)-negative strain of vibrio cholerae, isolated from drakes bay, california.	we present the draft whole-genome sequence of a vibrio cholerae strain (vc25-3) isolated from drakes bay, california. this environmental isolate has an atypical morphology and is ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside (onpg)-negative.	2016	26988050
6-gingerol inhibits vibrio cholerae-induced proinflammatory cytokines in intestinal epithelial cells via modulation of nf-κb.	context the effect of 6-gingerol (6g), the bioactive component of zingiber officinale roscoe (zingiberaceae), in the reduction of vibrio cholerae (vibrionaceae)-induced inflammation has not yet been reported. materials and methods cell viability assay was performed to determine the working concentration of 6g. elisa and rt-pcr were performed with int 407 cells treated with 50 μm 6g and 100 multiplicity of infection (moi) v. cholerae for 0, 2, 3, 3.5, 6 and 8 h to determine the concentration of i ...	2016	26987371
the impact of spatial arrangements on epidemic disease dynamics and intervention strategies.	the role of spatial arrangements on the spread and management strategies of a cholera epidemic is investigated. we consider the effect of human and pathogen movement on optimal vaccination strategies. a metapopulation model is used, incorporating a susceptible-infected-recovered system of differential equations coupled with an equation modelling the concentration of vibrio cholerae in an aquatic reservoir. the model compared spatial arrangements and varying scenarios to draw conclusions on how t ...	2016	26981710
phylogenetic diversity of vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in mexico from 1991 to 2008.	an outbreak of cholera occurred in 1991 in mexico, where it had not been reported for more than a century and is now endemic. vibrio cholerae o1 prototype el tor and classical strains coexist with altered el tor strains (1991 to 1997). nontoxigenic (ctx(-)) v. cholerae el tor dominated toxigenic (ctx(+)) strains (2001 to 2003), but v. cholerae ctx(+) variant el tor was isolated during 2004 to 2008, outcompeting ctx(-) v. cholerae. genomes of six mexican v. cholerae o1 strains isolated during 199 ...	2016	26980836
construction and preclinical evaluation of mmct, a novel mutant cholera toxin adjuvant that can be efficiently produced in genetically manipulated vibrio cholerae.	there is an urgent need for new adjuvants that are effective with mucosally administered vaccines. cholera toxin (ct) is the most powerful known mucosal adjuvant but is much too toxic for human use. in an effort to develop a useful mucosal adjuvant we have generated a novel non-toxic mutant ct molecule that retains much of the adjuvant activity of native ct. this was achieved by making the enzymatically active a subunit (cta) recalcitrant to the site-specific proteolytic cleavage ("nicking") req ...	2016	26973069
high-resolution spatial analysis of cholera patients reported in artibonite department, haiti in 2010-2011.	cholera is caused by vibrio cholerae, and is transmitted through fecal-oral contact. infection occurs after the ingestion of the bacteria and is usually asymptomatic. in a minority of cases, it causes acute diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to potentially fatal severe dehydration, especially in the absence of appropriate medical care. immunity occurs after infection and typically lasts 6-36 months. cholera is responsible for outbreaks in many african and asian developing countries, and cause ...	2016	26972509
comparison of the sulfonamide inhibition profiles of the α-, β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae.	carbonic anhydrases (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide (co2) to bicarbonate (hco3(-)) and protons (h(+)). in prokaryotes, the existence of genes encoding for α-, β- and γ-classes suggests that these enzymes play an important role in the prokaryotic physiology. it has been demonstrated, in fact, that their inhibition in vivo leads to growth impairment or growth defects of the microorganism. ultimately, we started to investigate the bioc ...	2016	26972117
the antimicrobial activity of zno nanoparticles against vibrio cholerae: variation in response depends on biotype.	the potency of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nps), with a core size of ~7-10nm, to inhibit cholera disease was investigated by demonstrating the effect on two biotypes (classical and el tor) of o1 serogroup of vibrio cholerae-el tor was more susceptible both in planktonic and in biofilm forms. interaction with zno np results in deformed cellular architecture. increased fluidity and depolarization of membrane, and protein leakage further confirmed the damages inflicted on vibrio by np. np was shown t ...	2016	26970029
[effect of osmotic and oxidative stress on strains of genovariants of vibrio cholerae el tor biovar].	study the effect of osmotic and oxidative stress on survivability and changes in phenotypic and genetic properties of strains of genovariants of v. cholerae el tor biovar.	2016	26950990
[determination of types of epidemic manifestations of cholera in regions of the crimea federal district (republic of crimea)].	the aim of the study was determination of the type of epidemic manifestations of cholera in the republic of crimea based on evaluation of epidemic manifestations of cholera risk of introduction and spread of the infection. it was concluded, that, based on the cholera outbreaks, that had taken place, contamination of surface water bodies (fresh and sea) and sewage by vibrio cholerae o1 ctxa+ and vibrio cholerae o1 ctxa- potential epidemic danger of introduction of the infection by various types o ...	2016	26950987
characterization of v. cholerae t3ss-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured intestinal epithelial cells.	am-19226 is a pathogenic, non-o1/non-o139 serogroup strain of vibrio cholerae that uses a type 3 secretion system (t3ss) mediated mechanism to colonize host tissues and disrupt homeostasis, causing cholera. co-culturing the caco2-bbe human intestinal epithelial cell line with am-19226 in the presence of bile results in rapid mammalian cell death that requires a functional t3ss. we examined the role of bile, sought to identify the mechanism, and evaluated the contributions of t3ss translocated ef ...	2016	27302486
phenotypic analysis reveals that the 2010 haiti cholera epidemic is linked to a hypervirulent strain.	vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains have been responsible for pandemic cholera since 1961. these strains have evolved over time, spreading globally in three separate waves. wave 3 is caused by altered el tor (aet) variant strains, which include the strain with the signature ctxb7 allele that was introduced in 2010 into haiti, where it caused a devastating epidemic. in this study, we used phenotypic analysis to compare an early isolate from the haiti epidemic to wave 1 el tor isolates commonly used ...	2016	27297393
anion inhibition profiles of α-, β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae.	among the numerous metalloenzymes known to date, carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) was the first zinc containing one, being discovered decades ago. ca is a hydro-lyase, which catalyzes the following hydration-dehydration reaction: co2+h2o⇋hco3(-)+h(+). several ca classes are presently known, including the α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ζ- and η-cas. in prokaryotes, the existence of genes encoding cas from at least three classes (α-, β- and γ-class) suggests that these enzymes play a key role in the physiolog ...	2016	27283786
cholera outbreak caused by drug resistant vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 biotype eltor serotype ogawa in nepal; a cross-sectional study.	cholera is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped countries including nepal. recently drug resistance in vibrio cholerae has become a serious problem mainly in developing countries. the main objectives of our study were to investigate the occurrence of vibrio cholerae in stool samples from patients with watery diarrhea and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of v. cholerae isolates.	2016	27274815
cholera toxin promotes th17 cell differentiation by modulating expression of polarizing cytokines and the antigen-presenting potential of dendritic cells.	cholera toxin (ct), an exotoxin produced by vibrio cholera, acts as a mucosal adjuvant. in a previous study, we showed that ct skews differentiation of cd4 t cells to il-17-producing th17 cells. here, we found that intranasal administration of ct induced migration of migratory dendritic cell (dc) populations, cd103+ dcs and cd11bhi dcs, to the lung draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medln). among those dc subsets, cd11bhi dcs that were relatively immature had a major role in th17 cell differentia ...	2016	27271559
phenotypic and genetic characteristics of vibrio cholerae o1 carrying haitian ctxb and attributes of classical and el tor biotypes isolated from silvassa, india.	vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor, the causative agent of the seventh pandemic, has recently been replaced by strains carrying classical and haitian ctxb in india, haiti and other parts of the world. we conducted phenotypic and genetic tests to characterize v. cholerae o1 isolated between 2012 and 2014 from silvassa, india, to examine the presence of virulence and regulatory genes, seventh pandemic marker, ctxb type and biofilm formation and to study genomic diversity. of the 59 v. cholerae o1, ...	2016	27255911
biofilm formation of vibrio cholerae on stainless steel used in food processing.	vibrio cholerae represents a significant threat to human health in developing countries. this pathogen forms biofilms which favors its attachment to surfaces and its survival and transmission by water or food. this work evaluated the in vitro biofilm formation of v. cholerae isolated from clinical and environmental sources on stainless steel of the type used in food processing by using the environmental scanning electron microscopy (esem). results showed no cell adhesion at 4 h and scarce surfac ...	2016	27253749
multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of vibrio cholerae isolates from 2012 to 2013 cholera outbreaks in iran.	cholera remains to be an international threat, with high rates of illness and death. in 2012 and 2013, two cholera outbreak happened in iran, affecting lots of people. vibrio cholerae o1 was confirmed as the etiological agent. source identification and controlling the spread of the cholera disease are two critical approaches in cholera outbreaks. in this study, thirty v. cholerae o1 isolates were selected and has been evaluated for antimicrobial resistant as well as molecular typing by multilocu ...	2016	27247094
chironomids' relationship with aeromonas species.	chironomids (diptera: chironomidae), also known as non-biting midges, are one of the most abundant groups of insects in aquatic habitats. they undergo a complete metamorphosis of four life stages of which three are aquatic (egg, larva, and pupa), and the adult emerges into the air. chironomids serve as a natural reservoir of aeromonas and vibrio cholerae species. here, we review existing knowledge about the mutual relations between aeromonas species and chironomids. using 454-pyrosequencing of t ...	2016	27242751
the resistance of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains to the typing phage 919tp, a member of k139 phage family.	bacteriophage 919tp is a temperate phage of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 el tor and is used as a subtyping phage in the phage-biotyping scheme in cholera surveillance in china. in this study, sequencing of the 919tp genome showed that it belonged to the vibrio phage k139 family. the mechanisms conferring resistance to 919tp infection of el tor strains were explored to help understand the subtyping basis of phage 919tp and mutations related to 919tp resistance. among the test strains resistant to ...	2016	27242744
[bacteraemia due to non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae: the risks of eating seafood in a cirrhotic patient].		2016	27242157
molecular epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio cholerae associated with a large cholera outbreak in ghana in 2014.	ghana is affected by regular cholera epidemics and an annual average of 3,066 cases since 2000. in 2014, ghana experienced one of its largest cholera outbreaks within a decade with more than 20,000 notified infections. in order to attribute this rise in cases to a newly emerging strain or to multiple simultaneous outbreaks involving multi-clonal strains, outbreak isolates were characterized, subtyped and compared to previous epidemics in 2011 and 2012.	2016	27232338
solar-thermal complex sample processing for nucleic acid based diagnostics in limited resource settings.	the use of point-of-care (poc) devices in limited resource settings where access to commonly used infrastructure, such as water and electricity, can be restricted represents simultaneously one of the best application fits for poc systems as well as one of the most challenging places to deploy them. of the many challenges involved in these systems, the preparation and processing of complex samples like stool, vomit, and biopsies are particularly difficult due to the high number and varied nature ...	2016	27231636
host, pathogen and environment: a bacterial gbpa gene expression study in response to magnesium environment and presence of prawn carapace and commercial chitin.	vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic bacterium which is found largely in estuarine and coastal waters. the bacteria has been a main focus in gastro-intestinal infections caused primarily due to the consumption of contaminated seafood. it was shown to survive in magnesium concentrations as high as 300 mm which are toxic to various other micro-organisms. several genes of v. parahaemolyticus were studied, among which gbpa (n-acetyl glucosamine binding protein) was reported in vibri ...	2016	27231485
[possibilities of application of maldi-tof mass-spectrometry for study of carbohydrate-specific receptors for diagnostic bacteriophage el tor].	study mechanisms of interaction of diagnostic bacteriophage el tor with sensitive strain vibrio cholerae el tor 18507 using direct protein profiling, identification of constant and variable proteins, taking part in interaction of the phage and cell, as well as carbohydrate-specific phage receptors.	2016	27228677
staying alive: vibrio cholerae's cycle of environmental survival, transmission, and dissemination.	infectious diseases kill nearly 9 million people annually. bacterial pathogens are responsible for a large proportion of these diseases, and the bacterial agents of pneumonia, diarrhea, and tuberculosis are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. increasingly, the crucial role of nonhost environments in the life cycle of bacterial pathogens is being recognized. heightened scrutiny has been given to the biological processes impacting pathogen dissemination and survival in the natural en ...	2016	27227302
prevalence and distribution of vibrio spp. in wild aquatic birds of the southern caribbean sea, venezuela, 2011-12.	vibrio spp. are associated with waterbirds mainly in temperate latitudes. we evaluated the prevalence and distribution of vibrio spp. from fecal samples of resident and migratory aquatic birds collected during october 2011 and march 2012 at two coastal sites in the tropical southern caribbean sea. we amplified dna by pcr in 40% of samples, resulting in 47% and 36% estimated prevalence for resident and migratory birds in cuare wildlife refuge, and 33% and 44% in margarita island, respectively. we ...	2016	27224211
pathophysiological mechanisms of diarrhea caused by the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variant: an in vivo study in mice.	cholera is caused by infection with vibrio cholerae. this study aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of diarrhea caused by the v. cholerae o1 el tor variant (el), a major epidemic strain causing severe diarrhea in several regions. in the ligated ileal loop model of el-induced diarrhea in the icr mice, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) inhibitor and a calcium-activated chloride channel (cacc) inhibitor similarly inhibited intestinal fluid secretion. in addition, bar ...	2016	27222028
structure, regulation, and inhibition of the quorum-sensing signal integrator luxo.	in a process called quorum sensing, bacteria communicate with chemical signal molecules called autoinducers to control collective behaviors. in pathogenic vibrios, including vibrio cholerae, the accumulation of autoinducers triggers repression of genes responsible for virulence factor production and biofilm formation. the vibrio autoinducer molecules bind to transmembrane receptors of the two-component histidine sensor kinase family. autoinducer binding inactivates the receptors' kinase activiti ...	2016	27219477
a transposon screen identifies genetic determinants of vibrio cholerae resistance to high-molecular-weight antibiotics.	gram-negative bacteria are notoriously resistant to a variety of high-molecular-weight antibiotics due to the limited permeability of their outer membrane (om). the basis of om barrier function and the genetic factors required for its maintenance remain incompletely understood. here, we employed transposon insertion sequencing to identify genes required for vibrio cholerae resistance to vancomycin and bacitracin, antibiotics that are thought to be too large to efficiently penetrate the om. the s ...	2016	27216069
genome analysis of a clinical isolate of shewanella sp. uncovered an active hybrid integrative and conjugative element carrying an integron platform inserted in a novel genomic locus.	shewanella spp. are currently considered to be emerging pathogens that can code for a blaoxa carbapenemase in their chromosome. complete genome analysis of the clinical isolate shewanella sp. sh95 revealed that this strain is a novel species, which shares a lineage with marine isolates. characterization of its resistome showed that it codes for genes drfa15, qach and blaoxa-48. we propose that shewanella sp. sh95 acts as reservoir of blaoxa-48. moreover, analysis of mobilome showed that it conta ...	2016	27215217
response of vibrio cholerae to low-temperature shifts: cspv regulation of type vi secretion, biofilm formation, and association with zooplankton.	the ability to sense and adapt to temperature fluctuation is critical to the aquatic survival, transmission, and infectivity of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera. little information is available on the physiological changes that occur when v. cholerae experiences temperature shifts. the genome-wide transcriptional profile of v. cholerae upon a shift in human body temperature (37°c) to lower temperatures, 15°c and 25°c, which mimic those found in the aquatic environment, ...	2016	27208110
the 2002 chandigarh cholera outbreak revisited: utility of maldi-tof as a molecular epidemiology tool.	in july 2002, an outbreak of cholera occurred in north india with two separate geographical foci. pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was previously used in typing a representative sample of these isolates. this study evaluates the usefulness of maldi-tof as an epidemiological tool for typing vibrio cholerae isolates in comparison with pfge and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp). forty-six isolates of v. cholerae isolated from stool of patients affected in the july 2002 outbreak ...	2016	27198622
population-level effect of cholera vaccine on displaced populations, south sudan, 2014.	following mass population displacements in south sudan, preventive cholera vaccination campaigns were conducted in displaced persons camps before a 2014 cholera outbreak. we compare cholera transmission in vaccinated and unvaccinated areas and show vaccination likely halted transmission within vaccinated areas, illustrating the potential for oral cholera vaccine to stop cholera transmission in vulnerable populations.	2016	27192187
the lake chad basin, an isolated and persistent reservoir of vibrio cholerae o1: a genomic insight into the outbreak in cameroon, 2010.	the prevalence of reported cholera was relatively low around the lake chad basin until 1991. since then, cholera outbreaks have been reported every couple of years. the objective of this study was to investigate the 2010/2011 vibrio cholerae outbreak in cameroon to gain insight into the genomic make-up of the v. cholerae strains responsible for the outbreak. twenty-four strains were isolated and whole genome sequenced. known virulence genes, resistance genes and integrating conjugative element ( ...	2016	27191718
comparison of inferred relatedness based on multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and whole genome sequencing of vibrio cholerae o1.	vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease. understanding the local genetic diversity and transmission of v. cholerae will improve our ability to control cholera. vibrio cholerae isolates clustered in genetically related groups (clonal complexes, cc) by multilocus variable tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) were compared by whole genome sequencing (wgs). isolates in cc1 had been isolated from two geographical locations. isolates in a second genetically distinct group, cc2, were isolat ...	2016	27190166
genetic analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus intestinal colonization.	vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide and a blight on global aquaculture. this organism requires a horizontally acquired type iii secretion system (t3ss2) to infect the small intestine, but knowledge of additional factors that underlie v. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity is limited. we used transposon-insertion sequencing to screen for genes that contribute to viability of v. parahaemolyticus in vitro and in the mammalian intestine. our analysi ...	2016	27185914
isolation frequency and susceptibility pattern of non-o1 and non-o139 vibrio cholerae in a tertiary health care laboratory, 1999-2012.	in the past decade the importance of non-o1 and non-o139 strains of vibrio cholerae has been highlighted globally. this study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of non-o1 and non-o139 v. cholerae in pakistan. data of stool specimens yielding growth of non-o1 and non-o139 v. cholerae isolated at a national referral laboratory from 1999 to 2012 were retrospectively analysed and evaluated for resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazo ...	2016	27180742
targeting apha : a new high-throughput screening assay identifies compounds that reduce prime virulence factors of vibrio cholerae.	a high-throughput screening (hts) assay was developed for identifying compounds with inhibitory effect on apha, one of the key regulators positively controlling vibrio cholerae pathogenesis. an inhibitory effect on apha was expected to lead to attenuation in the secretion of the major pathogenicity factors of v. cholerae, cholera toxin and toxin co-regulated pilus. the plasmid construct paksb was developed with a kanamycin resistance (kmr) gene under the control of the apha -like promoter for co ...	2016	27174292
sequence variations in the non-coding sequence of ctx phages in vibrio cholerae.	this study focused on the variations in the non-coding sequences between ctxb and rstr of various ctx phages. the non-coding sequences of ctx-1 and ctx-cla are phage type-specific. the length of the non-coding region of ctx-1 and ctx-cla is 601 and 730 nucleotides, respectively. the non-coding sequence of ctx phage could be divided into three regions. there is a phage type-specific variable region between two homologous common regions (common regions 1 and 2). the non-coding sequence of rs1 elem ...	2016	27160575
a checkpoint control orchestrates the replication of the two chromosomes of vibrio cholerae.	bacteria with multiple chromosomes represent up to 10% of all bacterial species. unlike eukaryotes, these bacteria use chromosome-specific initiators for their replication. in all cases investigated, the machineries for secondary chromosome replication initiation are of plasmid origin. one of the important differences between plasmids and chromosomes is that the latter replicate during a defined period of the cell cycle, ensuring a single round of replication per cell. vibrio cholerae carries tw ...	2016	27152358
revisiting the oligomerization mechanism of vibrio cholerae cytolysin, a beta-barrel pore-forming toxin.	vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is a membrane-damaging beta-barrel pore-forming toxin (beta-pft). vcc causes permeabilization of the target membranes by forming transmembrane oligomeric beta-barrel pores. oligomerization is a key step in the mode of action of any beta-pft, including that of vcc. earlier studies have identified some of the key residues in vcc that are directly involved in the generation of the inter-protomer contacts, thus playing critical roles in the oligomerization of the memb ...	2016	27150630
spatiotemporal dynamics of vibrio spp. within the sydney harbour estuary.	vibrio are a genus of marine bacteria that have substantial environmental and human health importance, and there is evidence that their impact may be increasing as a consequence of changing environmental conditions. we investigated the abundance and composition of the vibrio community within the sydney harbour estuary, one of the most densely populated coastal areas in australia, and a region currently experiencing rapidly changing environmental conditions. using quantitative pcr (qpcr) and vibr ...	2016	27148171
sustained local diversity of vibrio cholerae o1 biotypes in a previously cholera-free country.	although the current cholera pandemic can trace its origin to a specific time and place, many variants of vibrio cholerae have caused this disease over the last 50 years. the relative clinical importance and geographical distribution of these variants have changed with time, but most remain in circulation. some countries, such as mexico and haiti, had escaped the current pandemic, until large epidemics struck them in 1991 and 2010, respectively. cholera has been endemic in these countries ever s ...	2016	27143391
independent regulation of type vi secretion in vibrio cholerae by tfox and tfoy.	type vi secretion systems (t6sss) are nanomachines used for interbacterial killing and intoxication of eukaryotes. although vibrio cholerae is a model organism for structural studies on t6sss, the underlying regulatory network is less understood. a recent study showed that the t6ss is part of the natural competence regulon in v. cholerae and is activated by the regulator tfox. here, we identify the tfox homolog tfoy as a second activator of the t6ss. importantly, despite inducing the same t6ss c ...	2016	27117415
designing an efficient multi-epitope peptide vaccine against vibrio cholerae via combined immunoinformatics and protein interaction based approaches.	cholera continues to be a major global health concern. among different vibrio cholerae strains, only o1 and o139 cause acute diarrheal diseases that are related to epidemic and pandemic outbreaks. the currently available cholera vaccines are mainly lived and attenuated vaccines consisting of v. cholerae virulence factors such as toxin-coregulated pili (tcp), outer membrane proteins (omps), and nontoxic cholera toxin b subunit (ctb). nowadays, there is a great interest in designing an efficient e ...	2016	27107181
erratum for mangat et al., characterization of vcc-1, a novel ambler class a carbapenemase from vibrio cholerae isolated from imported retail shrimp sold in canada.		2016	27107107
vibrio cholerae non-o1 bacteraemia: description of three cases in the netherlands and a literature review.	vibrio cholerae non-o1 serogroup (vcno) bacteraemia is a severe condition with a high case-fatality rate. we report three cases diagnosed in the netherlands, identified during a national microbiological congress, and provide a literature review on vcno bacteraemia. a search strategy including synonyms for 'vcno' and 'bacteraemia' was applied to pubmed, medline, web of science and embase databases. the three cases were reported in elderly male patients after fish consumption and/or surface water ...	2016	27104237
toxr antagonizes h-ns regulation of horizontally acquired genes to drive host colonization.	the virulence regulator toxr initiates and coordinates gene expression needed by vibrio cholerae to colonize the small intestine and cause disease. despite its prominence in v. cholerae virulence, our understanding of the direct toxr regulon is limited to four genes: toxt, ompt, ompu and ctxa. here, we determine toxr's genome-wide dna-binding profile and demonstrate that toxr is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands that encode v. cholerae's ...	2016	27070545
molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae isolates from iran 2012 and 2013 outbreaks.	the aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of vibrio cholerae isolated from 2012 and 2013 outbreaks in iran, with regard to their virulence properties. a total of 20 v. cholerae strains were collected from sistan-baluchestan province of iran during 2012 and 2013 outbreaks. hybridization assays showed the presence of ctx, zot, ace and rstc genes related to ctx and rs1 phages in all of the isolates. pcr assay indicated the concomitant presence of orfs within rtx (1448, 1451) and tlc ...	2016	27060480
three-dimensional architecture of vibrio cholera biofilms.		2016	27036000
[actual problems of epidemiologic control, laboratory diagnostics and prophylaxis of cholera in russian federation].	main problems of system of epidemiologic control for cholera active in russian federation, as well as laboratory diagnostics and vaccine prophylaxis of this especially dangerous infection, that had emerged in the contemporary period of the ongoing 7th pandemic of cholera, are discussed. features of the genome of natural strains of vibrio cholerae of el tor biovar, that possess a poten- tial epidemic threat, as well as problems, that have emerged during isolation of these strains from samples of ...	2016	27029123
[study of composition of plant extracts, possessing antimicrobial effect against vibrio cholerae el tor, using high-performance liquid chromatography].	study the composition of plant extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. (hplc) and evaluation of their antimicrobial effect against vibrio cholerae el tor.	2016	27029119