Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| conserved role of the linker alpha-helix of the bacterial disulfide isomerase dsbc in the avoidance of misoxidation by dsbb. | in the bacterial periplasm the co-existence of a catalyst of disulfide bond formation (dsba) that is maintained in an oxidized state and of a reduced enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of mispaired cysteine residues (dsbc) is important for the folding of proteins containing multiple disulfide bonds. the kinetic partitioning of the dsba/dsbb and dsbc/dsbd pathways partly depends on the ability of dsbb to oxidize dsba at rates >1000 times greater than dsbc. we show that the resistance of dsbc ... | 2006 | 16280324 |
| minimal residual disease (mrd) measurement as a tool to compare the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug regimens using escherichia coli-asparaginase or erwinia-asparaginase in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). | l-asparaginase is a crucial drug in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) induction therapy, but much debate remains regarding the optimal formulation and dosage. as minimal residual disease (mrd) can accurately measure extremely low levels of lymphoblasts, it is a sensitive reflection of leukemia cell kill. we utilized mrd to compare the efficacy of erwinia-asparaginase (erwinia-asp) and e. coli-asparaginase (e. coli-asp) during induction therapy for childhood all. | 2006 | 16302217 |
| cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of an erwinia cypripedii 314b lactonase specific for l-alpha-hydroxyglutaric acid gamma-lactone. | the gene for a lactonase that stereospecifically hydrolyzes (s)-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxylic acid to l-alpha-hydroxyglutaric acid was isolated from erwinia cypripedii 314b. determination of the nucleotide sequence showed that the gene consists of a single open reading frame of 1,152 bp that encodes a 383-amino-acid protein. comparison of the sequence of the predicted protein to that of the enzyme purified from e. cypripedii 314b revealed an n-terminal signal sequence of 19 amino acids. the ... | 2006 | 16328442 |
| identification of the central quorum sensing regulator of virulence in the enteric phytopathogen, erwinia carotovora: the virr repressor. | in the gram-negative phytopathogen, erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica (eca) virulence depends on the production of a n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl) quorum sensing (qs) signal. this work identifies the elusive 'missing link' between qs and virulence in erwinia. we have identified and characterized a novel regulator of virulence, virr, in eca and show that a virr mutation completely restores virulence factor production to an eca mutant unable to synthesize ohhl. this effect of the ... | 2006 | 16359322 |
| characterization of hns genes from erwinia amylovora. | the small basic histone-like protein h-ns is known for bacteria to attenuate virulence of several animal pathogens. an hns homologue from e. amylovora was identified by complementing an e. coli hns-mutant strain with a cosmid library from e. amylovora. a 1.6 kb ecori-fragment complemented the mucoid phenotype and repressed the ss-glucosidase activity of e. coli pd32. the open reading frame encoding an h-ns-like protein of 134 amino acid was later shown to be located on plasmid pea29 (mcghee and ... | 2006 | 16404571 |
| dspa/e, a type iii effector essential for erwinia amylovora pathogenicity and growth in planta, induces cell death in host apple and nonhost tobacco plants. | erwinia amylovora is responsible for fire blight, a necrotic disease of apples and pears. e. amylovora relies on a type iii secretion system (ttss) to induce disease on hosts and hypersensitive response (hr) on nonhost plants. the dspa/e protein is essential for e. amylovora pathogenicity and is secreted via the ttss in vitro. dspa/e belongs to a type iii effector family that is conserved in several phytopathogenic bacteria. in e. amylovora, dspa/e has been implicated in the generation of an oxi ... | 2006 | 16404949 |
| apple proteins that interact with dspa/e, a pathogenicity effector of erwinia amylovora, the fire blight pathogen. | the disease-specific (dsp) gene dspa/e of erwinia amylovora encodes an essential pathogenicity effector of 198 kda, which is critical to the development of the devastating plant disease fire blight. a yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro protein pull-down assay demonstrated that dspa/e interacts physically and specifically with four similar putative leucine-rich repeat (lrr) receptor-like serine/threonine kinases (rlk) from apple, an important host of e. amylovora. the genes encoding these four d ... | 2006 | 16404953 |
| antimicrobial activity of glycosidase inhibitory protein isolated from cyphomandra betacea sendt. fruit. | broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of an invertase inhibitory protein (iip) isolated from cyphomandra betacea ripe fruits is documented. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values were determined by agar macrodilution and broth microdilution assays. this iip inhibited the growth of xylophagous and phytopatogenic fungi (ganoderma applanatum, schizophyllum commune, lenzites elegans, pycnoporus sanguineous, penicillium notatum, aspergillus niger, phomopsis sojae and fusarium mango) and phytop ... | 2006 | 16406143 |
| identification of a dna restriction-modification system in pectobacterium carotovorum strains isolated from poland. | polish isolates of pectinolytic bacteria from the species pectobacterium carotovorum were screened for the presence of a dna restriction-modification (r-m) system. | 2006 | 16430511 |
| members of the iclr family of bacterial transcriptional regulators function as activators and/or repressors. | members of the iclr family of regulators are proteins with around 250 residues. the iclr family is best defined by a profile covering the effector binding domain. this is supported by structural data and by a number of mutants showing that effector specificity lies within a pocket in the c-terminal domain. these regulators have a helix-turn-helix dna binding motif in the n-terminal domain and bind target promoters as dimers or as a dimer of dimers. this family comprises regulators acting as repr ... | 2006 | 16472303 |
| activation of the pathogen-inducible gst1 promoter of potato after elicitation by venturia inaequalis and erwinia amylovora in transgenic apple (malus x domestica). | rather than using a constitutive promoter to drive transgenes for resistance against fungal and bacterial diseases in genetic engineering of apple (malus x domestica) cultivars, a promoter induced only after infection was preferred. the ability of the pgst1 promoter from potato (solanum tuberosum l.) to drive expression of the gusa reporter gene was determined in two genotypes of apple: the fruit cultivar royal gala and the m.26 rootstock. beta-glucuronidase activity in the transgenic lines grow ... | 2006 | 16475012 |
| participation of a galactose-specific c-type lectin in drosophila immunity. | a galactose-specific c-type lectin has been purified from a pupal extract of drosophila melanogaster. this lectin gene, named dl1 (drosophila lectin 1), is part of a gene cluster with the other two galactose-specific c-type lectin genes, named dl2 (drosophila lectin 2) and dl3 (drosophila lectin 3). these three genes are expressed differentially in fruit fly, but show similar haemagglutinating activities. the present study characterized the biochemical and biological properties of the dl1 protei ... | 2006 | 16475980 |
| biosynthesis of novel carotenoid families based on unnatural carbon backbones: a model for diversification of natural product pathways. | we show that the c40 carotenoid desaturase crti from pantoea ananatis (erwinia uredovora) is capable of desaturating unnaturally long c45 and c50 carotenoid backbones in recombinant e. coli. desaturation step number in these pathways is not very specific, and at least ten new c45 and c50 carotenoids were synthesized. we also present evidence for a novel asymmetric c40 backbone formed by the condensation of farnesyl diphosphate (c15pp) with farnesylgeranyl diphosphate (c25pp), and the subsequent ... | 2006 | 16478677 |
| changes in hypercoagulability by asparaginase: a randomized study between two asparaginases. | alterations in hemostasis have frequently been observed in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. thrombotic events are well documented in patients receiving l-asparaginase as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. the present prospective, randomized study evaluated the effect of two different l-asparaginase preparations, native escherichia coli l-asparaginase (crasnitin; bayer ag, leverkusen, germany; n = 10) and l-asparaginase derived from erwinia chrysanthemi ... | 2006 | 16479196 |
| the dcta gene of pseudomonas chlororaphis o6 is under rpon control and is required for effective root colonization and induction of systemic resistance. | transcription from the dcta gene, which encodes an organic acid transporter in the root-colonizing bacterium pseudomonas chlororaphis o6, is under complex regulatory control. promoter sequence analysis revealed an rpon binding site. the regulation of transcript accumulation by the level of ammonium ions in the growth medium confirmed rpon regulation, even in the presence of glucose. a dcta mutant colonized tobacco roots to a lesser extent than the wild-type mutant during early seedling developme ... | 2006 | 16487325 |
| exploring the potential of the bacterial carotene desaturase crti to increase the beta-carotene content in golden rice. | to increase the beta-carotene (provitamin a) content and thus the nutritional value of golden rice, the optimization of the enzymes employed, phytoene synthase (psy) and the erwinia uredovora carotene desaturase (crti), must be considered. crti was chosen for this study because this bacterial enzyme, unlike phytoene synthase, was expressed at barely detectable levels in the endosperm of the golden rice events investigated. the low protein amounts observed may be caused by either weak cauliflower ... | 2006 | 16488912 |
| a risk assessment approach applied to the growth of erwinia carotovora in vegetable juice for variable temperature conditions. | risk assessment for food spoilage relies on probabilistic models of microbial growth to predict the likelihood that microbial populations will exceed predefined spoilage levels. to assist in the design and management of industrial food quality systems, predictive microbiological models have to incorporate major risk factors such as the variability in the microbial strain, environment and initial contamination levels. in addition, the application of results measured under laboratory conditions to ... | 2006 | 16507324 |
| an indigenous virulent strain of erwinia amylovora lacking the ubiquitous plasmid pea29. | abstract an atypical strain of erwinia amylovora was isolated near an outbreak of fire blight at a nursery in spain in 1996. it was obtained from a crataegus plant showing typical symptoms and was identified as e. amy-lovora by biochemical tests and enrichment-enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay, but not by polymerase chain reaction using primers based on the pea29 sequence. nevertheless, with primers from chromosomal regions, the isolate gave the expected amplification band. this strain carries ... | 2006 | 18943756 |
| a methodology to detect and quantify five pathogens causing potato tuber decay using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | abstract late blight (phytophthora infestans), pink rot (phytophthora erythroseptica), leak (pythium ultimum), dry rot (fusarium sambucinum), and soft rot (erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and subsp. atroseptica) are particularly damaging diseases of stored potato tubers worldwide. in this study, we present a methodology to detect and quantify the causal agents of the five aforementioned diseases from whole potato tubers, using real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. six primer pai ... | 2006 | 18944060 |
| investigation of neutravidin-tagged liposomal nanovesicles as universal detection reagents for bioanalytical assays. | ligand-tagged liposomes, obtained by covalent conjugation of ligands to the liposomal surface, have been widely used as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays. a non-covalent conjugation method where igg was attached to protein g-tagged liposomes has been recently utilized. to enlarge the application of non-covalent methods to a greater variety of ligands, including peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, we developed and optimized a new method for the preparation of neutravidin-tagged liposo ... | 2006 | 18970459 |
| possibility of the use of solanum brevides based soft rot resistance in potato breeding. | in our experiments we dealt with the bacterial soft rot of potato caused by erwinia species. in the experiments back cross progenies (bc1, bc2, bc3 and bc4) of solanum brevidens + solanum tuberosum somatic hybrids produced by the potato research centre, keszthely were tested to the infection of e. carotovora ssp. carotovora (eca) and e. chrysanthemi (echr). all together 29 bc genotypes pre selected from several hundred breeding lines based on their preferred agronomical appearance and virus resi ... | 2006 | 17390858 |
| preliminary development of real time pcr for quantification of erwinia species infecting potato tubers. | 2006 | 17390875 | |
| purification of l-asparaginase from a bacteria erwinia carotovora and effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative on some of its kinetic parameters. | l-asparaginase shows antileukemic activity and is generally administered in the body in combination with other anticancer drugs like pyrimidine derivatives. in the present study, l-asparaginase was purified from a bacteria erwinia carotovora and the effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative (1-amino-6-methyl-4-phenyl-2-thioxo, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester) was studied on the kinetic parameters km and vmax of the enzyme using l-asparagine as substrate. the enzyme had ... | 2006 | 17285805 |
| analysis of aggressiveness of erwinia amylovora using disease-dose and time relationships. | abstract the aggressiveness of an extensive collection of strains of erwinia amylovora was analyzed using immature fruit and detached pear flower assays under controlled environmental conditions. the analysis was performed by means of a quantitative approach based on fitting data to mathematical models that relate infection incidence to pathogen dose and time. probit and hyperbolic saturation models were used for disease-dose relationships and provided information on the median effective dose (e ... | 2005 | 18943554 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora. | bacterial l-asparaginases have been used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia for over 30 y. however, their use is limited owing to the glutaminase activity of the administered enzymes, which results in serious side effects. in contrast, l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora exhibits low glutaminase activity at physiological concentrations of l-asparagine and l-glutamine in the blood. recombinant er. carotovora l-asparaginase was crystallized in the ... | 2005 | 16511054 |
| new host plants of erwinia amylovora in bulgaria. | nine strains of erwinia amylovora were isolated from new host plants in bulgaria--chokeberry and strawberry. the strains were characterized morphologically and biochemically using the api 20e and biolog system. it was established that they showed three different api 20e metabolic profiles, not found by previous studies of e. amylovora. all strains were identified as e. amylovora due to their metabolic fingerprint patterns obtained by the biolog system. the identification was confirmed by pcr amp ... | 2005 | 16402550 |
| pecs and pect coregulate the synthesis of hrpn and pectate lyases, two virulence determinants in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937 is a necrotrophic bacterial plant pathogen. pectinolytic enzymes and, in particular, pectate lyases play a key role in soft rot symptoms; however, the efficient colonization of plants by e. chrysanthemi requires additional factors. these factors include hrpn (harpin), a heat-stable, glycine-rich hydrophilic protein, which is secreted by the type iii secretion system. we investigated the expression of hrpn in e. chrysanthemi 3937 in various environmental condition ... | 2005 | 16353555 |
| [enhanced resistance to phytopathogenic bacteria in transgenic tobacco plants with synthetic gene of antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1]. | plasmids with a synthetic gene of the mammalian antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 (cecp1) controlled by the constitutive promoter 35s rna of cauliflower mosaic virus were constructed. agrobacterial transformation of tobacco plants was conducted using the obtained recombinant binary vector. the presence of gene cecp1 in the plant genome was confirmed by pcr. the expression of gene cecp1 in transgenic plants was shown by northern blot analysis. the obtained transgenic plants exhibit enhanced resis ... | 2005 | 16358711 |
| fermentation of 10% (w/v) sugar to d: (-)-lactate by engineered escherichia coli b. | derivatives of ethanologenic escherichia coli k011 were constructed for d: (-)-lactate production by deleting genes encoding competing pathways followed by metabolic evolution, a growth-based selection for mutants with improved performance. resulting strains, sz132 and sz186, contain native genes for sucrose utilization. no foreign genes are present in sz186. strain sz132 also contains a chromosomally integrated endoglucanase gene (erwinia chrysanthemi cely). strain sz132 produced over 1 mol lac ... | 2005 | 16328986 |
| diversity of carotenoid synthesis gene clusters from environmental enterobacteriaceae strains. | eight enterobacteriaceae strains that produce zeaxanthin and derivatives of this compound were isolated from a variety of environmental samples. phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains grouped with different clusters of erwinia type strains. four strains representing the phylogenetic diversity were chosen for further characterization, which revealed their genetic diversity as well as their biochemical diversity. the carotenoid synthesis gene clusters cloned from the four strains had thre ... | 2005 | 16332796 |
| two novel bacterial biosensors for detection of nitrate availability in the rhizosphere. | the nitrate-regulated promoter of narg in escherichia coli was fused to promoterless ice nucleation (inaz) and green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter genes to yield the nitrate-responsive gene fusions in plasmids pnice and pngfp, respectively. while the promoter of narg is normally nitrate responsive only under anaerobic conditions, the l28h-fnr gene was provided in trans to enable nitrate-dependent expression of these reporter gene fusions even under aerobic conditions in both e. coli dh5alph ... | 2005 | 16332845 |
| activation of defense responses in chinese cabbage by a nonhost pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. | pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) causes a bacterial speck disease in tomato and arabidopsis. in chinese cabbage, in which host-pathogen interactions are not well understood, pst does not cause disease but rather elicits a hypersensitive response. pst induces localized cell death and h2o2 accumulation, a typical hypersensitive response, in infiltrated cabbage leaves. pre-inoculation with pst was found to induce resistance to erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, a pathogen that causes soft r ... | 2005 | 16336791 |
| ca2+-dependent lipid binding and membrane integration of popa, a harpin-like elicitor of the hypersensitive response in tobacco. | popa is released by type iii secretion from the bacterial plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum and triggers the hypersensitive response (hr) in tobacco. the function of popa remains obscure, mainly because mutants lacking this protein are not altered in their ability to interact with plants. in an attempt to identify the site of popa activity in plant cells, we generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing the popa gene under the control of an inducible promoter. immunocytologic analysis revea ... | 2005 | 16313625 |
| the molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of a quorum-quenching n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone hydrolase. | in many gram-negative bacteria, including a number of pathogens such as pseudomonas aeruginosa and erwinia carotovora, virulence factor production and biofilm formation are linked to the quorum-sensing systems that use diffusible n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (ahls) as intercellular messenger molecules. a number of organisms also contain genes coding for lactonases that hydrolyze ahls into inactive products, thereby blocking the quorum-sensing systems. consequently, these enzymes attract intense ... | 2005 | 16314577 |
| comparative analysis of two classes of quorum-sensing signaling systems that control production of extracellular proteins and secondary metabolites in erwinia carotovora subspecies. | in erwinia carotovora subspecies, n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) controls the expression of various traits, including extracellular enzyme/protein production and pathogenicity. we report here that e. carotovora subspecies possess two classes of quorum-sensing signaling systems defined by the nature of the major ahl analog produced as well as structural and functional characteristics of ahl synthase (ahli) and ahl receptor (expr). class i strains represented by e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica s ... | 2005 | 16291676 |
| identification of erwinia amylovora genes induced during infection of immature pear tissue. | the enterobacterium erwinia amylovora is a devastating plant pathogen causing necrotrophic fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. in this study, we used a modified in vivo expression technology system to identify e. amylovora genes that are activated during infection of immature pear tissue, a process that requires the major pathogenicity factors of this organism. we identified 394 unique pear fruit-induced (pfi) genes on the basis of sequence similarity to known genes a ... | 2005 | 16291682 |
| reliability of diagnostic techniques for erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight disease. | a total of 20 putative strains of erwinia amylovora originating from 11 samples of host plants with symptoms of fire blight were analyzed in detail using commercial polyclonal antibodies in immunochemical tests. fourteen strains reacted negatively in all tests; 6 strains reacted positively with a polyclonal antibody for pta-elisa (plate-trapped antigen-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) at a concentration corresponding to a620 = 0.1, while at a620 readings of 0.01 and 0.001 the results were nega ... | 2005 | 16295660 |
| gene stacking in phalaenopsis orchid enhances dual tolerance to pathogen attack. | cymbidium mosaic virus (cymmv) and erwinia carotovora have been reported to cause severe damage to orchid plants. to enhance the resistance of orchids to both viral and bacterial phytopathogens, gene stacking was applied on phalaenopsis orchid by double transformation. plbs originally transformed with cymmv coat protein cdna (cp) were then re-transformed with sweet pepper ferredoxin-like protein cdna (pflp) by agrobacterium tumefaciens, to enable expression of dual (viral and bacterial) disease ... | 2005 | 16145836 |
| characterization of enterobacteria using maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | a method is proposed for the rapid classification of gram-negative enterobacteria using on-slide solubilization and trypsin digestion of proteins, followed by maldi-tof ms analysis. peptides were identified from tryptic digests using microsequencing by tandem mass spectrometry and database searches. proteins from the outer membrane family (omp) were consistently identified in the enterobacteria escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, erwinia herbicola, and salmonella typhimurium. database search ... | 2005 | 16159146 |
| antibacterial iminopyrrolidines from burkholderia plantarii, a bacterial pathogen of rice. | burkholderia plantarii, a bacterial pathogen on rice, produced compounds in liquid culture that gave strong inhibitory action against erwinia amylovora, the bacterium responsible for fire blight disease of apple and pear trees. the active component was hydrophilic and ionic, and was fractionated extensively by passage through sp, deae, and lh20 sephadexes. final purification was achieved by reverse phase chromatography on c(18)-bonded silica. biological activity was associated with two compounds ... | 2005 | 16172692 |
| mutations of ousa alter the virulence of erwinia chrysanthemi. | a negative correlation was observed between the aggressiveness of several erwinia chrysanthemi strains on potato tuber and their osmotic tolerance. the disruption of the ousa gene encoding the major osmoprotectant uptake system highly enhanced bacterial virulence on potato tubers. the ousa disruption also increased the maceration efficiency on potato tubers under anaerobic conditions. in the absence of oxygen, pectate lyase (pel) production was significantly higher in the tissue macerated with t ... | 2005 | 15720084 |
| role of the phop-phoq system in the virulence of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937: involvement in sensitivity to plant antimicrobial peptides, survival at acid hh, and regulation of pectolytic enzymes. | erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes soft-rot diseases in a broad number of crops. the phop-phoq system is a key factor in pathogenicity of several bacteria and is involved in the bacterial resistance to different factors, including acid stress. since e. chrysanthemi is confronted by acid ph during pathogenesis, we have studied the role of this system in the virulence of this bacterium. in this work, we have isolated and characterized the phop and phoq mutants of e. ch ... | 2005 | 15743964 |
| characterization of the highly efficient sucrose isomerase from pantoea dispersa uq68j and cloning of the sucrose isomerase gene. | sucrose isomerase (si) genes from pantoea dispersa uq68j, klebsiella planticola uq14s, and erwinia rhapontici wac2928 were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the predicted products of the uq14s and wac2928 genes were similar to known sis. the uq68j si differed substantially, and it showed the highest isomaltulose-producing efficiency in e. coli cells. the purified recombinant wac2928 si was unstable, whereas purified uq68j and uq14s sis were very stable. uq68j si activity was optimal at p ... | 2005 | 15746363 |
| towards the identification of type ii secretion signals in a nonacylated variant of pullulanase from klebsiella oxytoca. | pullulanase (pula) from the gram-negative bacterium klebsiella oxytoca is a 116-kda surface-anchored lipoprotein of the isoamylase family that allows growth on branched maltodextrin polymers. pula is specifically secreted via a type ii secretion system. pelbsp-pula, a nonacylated variant of pula made by replacing the lipoprotein signal peptide (sp) with the signal peptide of pectate lyase pelb from erwinia chrysanthemi, was efficiently secreted into the medium. two 80-amino-acid regions of pula, ... | 2005 | 16199575 |
| production of an engineered killer peptide in nicotiana benthamiana by using a potato virus x expression system. | the decapeptide killer peptide (kp) derived from the sequence of a single-chain, anti-idiotypic antibody acting as a functional internal image of a microbicidal, broad-spectrum yeast killer toxin (kt) was shown to exert a strong microbicidal activity against human pathogens. with the aim to exploit this peptide to confer resistance to plant pathogens, we assayed its antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. synthetic kp exhibited antimicrobial activit ... | 2005 | 16204558 |
| a rapid radiochemical bacterial bioassay to evaluate copper toxicity in freshwaters. | a rapid, highly sensitive bacterial bioassay to determine copper toxicity in freshwaters was developed based on the inhibition of cellular assimilation of radiolabeled glucose. the test used a copper-sensitive bacterium isolated from a freshwater stream. employing sensitive radiochemical techniques enabled environmentally relevant concentrations of the test bacterium (10(5) cells ml(-1)) and a short incubation period (4 hours) to be used, which minimized the potential for changes in copper speci ... | 2005 | 16205992 |
| tol-pal proteins are critical cell envelope components of erwinia chrysanthemi affecting cell morphology and virulence. | the tol-pal genes are necessary for maintaining the outer-membrane integrity of gram-negative bacteria. these genes were first described in escherichia coli, and more recently in several other species. they are involved in the pathogenesis of e. coli, haemophilus ducreyi, vibrio cholerae and salmonella enterica. the role of the tol-pal genes in bacterial pathogenesis was investigated in the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi, assuming that this organism might be a good model fo ... | 2005 | 16207916 |
| biological activities of purified harpin(xoo) and harpin(xoo) detection in transgenic plants using its polyclonal antibody. | many harpins have been found in plant pathogen bacteria that can elicit disease and insect resistance in plants, and promote plant growth. in this work, we overexpressed and purified xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae harpin, harpin(xoo), in escherichia coli bl21/pgex-hpa1. harpin(xoo) was fused to the c-terminus of glutathione s-transferase (gst) and purified using the bulk gst purification module and thrombin cleavage capture kit. purified harpin(xoo) protein was sensitive to protease k and stable ... | 2005 | 16215640 |
| construction of an effective protein expression system using the tpl promoter in escherichia coli. | an effective protein expression system was constructed in escherichia coli using the promoter of the tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) gene of erwinia herbicola. this system involves a mutant form of the tyrr protein with an enhanced ability to activate tpl and the tutb protein with an ability to transport l-tyrosine (an inducer of tpl). the highest expression level obtained for this system was more than twice that obtained for the tac system, although it was lower than the level obtained for the t7 s ... | 2005 | 16215823 |
| the evolution of microbial phosphonate degradative pathways. | phosphonate utilization by microbes provides a potential source of phosphorus for their growth. homologous genes for both c-p lyase and phosphonatase degradative pathways are distributed in distantly related bacterial species. the phn gene clusters for the c-p lyase pathway show great structural and compositional variation among organisms, but all contain phng-phnm genes that are essential for c-p bond cleavage. in the gamma-proteobacterium erwinia carotovora, genes common to phosphonate biosynt ... | 2005 | 16245012 |
| [cloning and characterization of an harpin-encoding gene from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines required for hypersensitive response on nonhost plant tobacco]. | an hpa1 gene was cloned into an expression vector, pet30a(+), from the genomic dna of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (xag), the causal agent of soybean bacterial pustule, with degenerated primers by polymerase amplification reaction (pcr). the gene product was extracted from the conjugate (bhr-3) of bl21 (des) with the recombined vector phr3 after the engineering strain was induced by iptg in lb medium. the sds-page gel showed that the gene product was 15.1kd. the product was heat-stable (1 ... | 2005 | 16245857 |
| molecular genetics of erwinia amylovora involved in the development of fire blight. | the bacterial plant pathogen, erwinia amylovora, causes the devastating disease known as fire blight in some rosaceous plants like apple, pear, quince, raspberry and several ornamentals. knowledge of the factors affecting the development of fire blight has mushroomed in the last quarter century. on the molecular level, genes encoding a hrp type iii secretion system, genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and genes facilitating the growth of e. amylovora in ... | 2005 | 16253442 |
| potato homologs of arabidopsis thaliana genes functional in defense signaling--identification, genetic mapping, and molecular cloning. | defense against pests and pathogens is a fundamental process controlled by similar molecular mechanisms in all flowering plants. using arabidopsis thaliana as a model, steps of the signal transduction pathways that link pathogen recognition to defense activation have been identified and corresponding genes have been characterized. defense signaling (ds) genes are functional candidates for controlling natural quantitative variation of resistance to plant pathogens. nineteen arabidopsis genes oper ... | 2005 | 16255250 |
| [review on hrp genes of plant pathogenic bacteria]. | the hrp genes exist in 4 kinds of gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria and are responsible for the pathogenicity of bacteria. they can induce hypersensitive response on non-host and resistant plants. in the present paper, we summarized the hrp genes clusters, the relationship between hrp and avr genes, harpin proteins encoded by hrp genes, modulation and function of hrp genes, and plant-bacteria interactions mediated by hrp genes in more details. moreover, trends in future research of plant p ... | 2005 | 16257922 |
| expression of the hypersensitive response-assisting protein in arabidopsis results in harpin-dependent hypersensitive cell death in response to erwinia carotovora. | active defense mechanisms of plants against pathogens often include a rapid plant cell death known as the hypersensitive cell death (hcd). hypersensitive response-assisting protein (hrap) isolated from sweet pepper intensifies the harpin(pss)-mediated hcd. here we demonstrate that constitutive expression of the hrap gene in arabidopsis results in an enhanced disease resistance towards soft rot pathogen, e. carotovora subsp. carotovora. this resistance was due to the induction of hcd since differ ... | 2005 | 16270229 |
| structural studies on the exopolysaccharide from erwinia persicina. | the gram-negative bacterial strain hki 0380 was isolated from biofilms located on palaeolithic rock paintings in the cave of bats in zuheros, southern spain. it was identified as the phytopathogenic erwinia persicina and attracted attention due to the production of considerable quantities of slime. the acidic exopolysaccharide produced by the e. persicina was studied after o-deacylation by sugar and methylation analyses, along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the following structure of the ... | 2005 | 15992784 |
| expr, a luxr homolog of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, activates transcription of rsma, which specifies a global regulatory rna-binding protein. | n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) is required by erwinia carotovora subspecies for the expression of various traits, including extracellular enzyme and protein production and pathogenicity. previous studies with e. carotovora subsp. carotovora have shown that ahl deficiency causes the production of high levels of rsma, an rna binding protein that functions as a global negative regulator of extracellular enzymes and proteins and secondary metabolites (rsm, regulator of secondary metabolites). we do ... | 2005 | 15995194 |
| flavohaemoglobin hmpx from erwinia chrysanthemi confers nitrosative stress tolerance and affects the plant hypersensitive reaction by intercepting nitric oxide produced by the host. | host cells respond to infection by generating nitric oxide (no) as a cytotoxic weapon to facilitate killing of invading microbes. bacterial flavohaemoglobins are well-known scavengers of no and play a crucial role in protecting animal pathogens from nitrosative stress during infection. erwinia chrysanthemi, which causes macerating diseases in a wide variety of plants, possesses a flavohaemoglobin (hmpx) whose function in plant pathogens has remained unclear. here we show that hmpx consumes no an ... | 2005 | 15998309 |
| siderophore-mediated upregulation of arabidopsis ferritin expression in response to erwinia chrysanthemi infection. | ferritins are multimeric iron storage proteins encoded by a four-member gene family in arabidopsis (atfer1-4). to investigate whether iron sequestration in ferritins is a part of an iron-withholding defense system induced in response to bacterial invasion, we used arabidopsis thaliana as a susceptible host for the pathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi. in this study, we used a t-dna insertion mutant line to show that the lack of a functional atfer1 gene resulted in an enhanced susceptibility ... | 2005 | 15998312 |
| ousb, a broad-specificity abc-type transporter from erwinia chrysanthemi, mediates uptake of glycine betaine and choline with a high affinity. | the ability of erwinia chrysanthemi to cope with environments of elevated osmolality is due in part to the transport and accumulation of osmoprotectants. in this study we have identified a high-affinity glycine betaine and choline transport system in e. chrysanthemi. by using a pool of tn5-b21 ousa mutants, we isolated a mutant that could grow in the presence of a toxic analogue of glycine betaine (benzyl-glycine betaine) at high osmolalities. this mutant was impaired in its ability to transport ... | 2005 | 16000740 |
| development of a strain-specific quantitative method for monitoring pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e, a novel biocontrol agent of fire blight. | pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e has been selected in a screening procedure for its high efficacy controlling erwinia amylovora infections in flowers, immature fruits and young pear plants. we developed two monitoring methods which allowed specific detection and quantification of eps62e by combining classical microbiological techniques with molecular tools. rapd and unspecific-pcr fingerprints were used to differentiate eps62e from other p. fluorescens strains. differential amplified fragments fro ... | 2005 | 16006071 |
| 'candidatus erwinia dacicola', a coevolved symbiotic bacterium of the olive fly bactrocera oleae (gmelin). | the taxonomic identity of the hereditary prokaryotic symbiont of the olive fly bactrocera oleae (diptera: tephritidae) was investigated. in order to avoid superficial microbial contaminants and loosely associated saprophytic biota, flies were surface-sterilized at the larval stage and reared under aseptic conditions until adult emergence. b. oleae flies originating from different geographical locations and collected at different times of the year were tested. bacterial isolation was undertaken f ... | 2005 | 16014495 |
| [indicator system for studying the lysogenic development of temperate bacteriophage zf40 erwinia carotovora]. | the indicatory system for studying the lysogenic development of the moderate erwiniophage zf40 has been created on the basis of the data on the efficiency of inoculation, adsorption of phage particles on a cell, and cooperation between different clear-mutants. the use of the indicatory strains rc5297 and 62a-dl. derivatives of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 62a, permitted dividing c-mutants of the phage zf40 into two types which, in their turn, include 4 groups of complementation (cooperat ... | 2005 | 16018206 |
| [the multiple character of mutation of resistance to mitomycin c in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora]. | it has been shown that mutants of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (eca) resistant to mitomycin c could be characterized by the change of colonies morphology, sensitivity to bacteriocins, and by the change of pathogeneity. it is supposed that mutations responsible for the stability to mitomycin c touch the synthesis of cell membranes components. in some cases mcr-mutations caused cardinal changes--the loss of prototrophy and synthesis of carotinoid pigment. the mutants obtained in this work ... | 2005 | 16018213 |
| [effects of mitomycin c on the expression and transport of ice-nuclei proteins of erwinia herbicola]. | abstract: in this paper, mitomycin c (mmc) was added to different kinds of medium to study the effects of different cultural conditions on the erwinia herbicola 10025a. for the first time it was confirmed that the expressed activity of the ice-nuclei active protein was different from its transportable manner from the ice nucleation active bacteria (erwinia herbicola 10025a). the findings indicated that mmc could stimulate the sos response,and induce the synthesis of some enzymes and proteins, wh ... | 2005 | 16018268 |
| population densities of corn flea beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) and incidence of stewart's wilt in sweet corn. | to quantify populations of the corn flea beetle, chaetocnema pulicaria melsheimer (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), and refine estimates of a threshold for its control to prevent stewart's wilt caused by erwinia stewartii, sequential plantings of 'jubilee' sweet corn were made at 2-wk intervals from april or may through august or september 2001 and 2002 at four locations from southern to northern illinois: simpson, brownstown, champaign, and mendota. densities of c. pulicaria and incidence of stewart ... | 2005 | 16022292 |
| maximising sensitivity for detecting changes in protein expression: experimental design using minimal cydyes. | dige is a powerful tool for measuring changes in protein expression between samples. here we assess the assumptions of normality and heterogeneity of variance that underlie the univariate statistical tests routinely used to detect proteins with expression changes. furthermore, the technical variance experienced in a multigel experiment is assessed here and found to be reproducible within- and across-sample types. utilising the technical variance measured, a power study is completed for several " ... | 2005 | 16035117 |
| structure-activity relationships of erwinia carotovora quorum sensing signaling molecules. | production of virulence factors and secondary metabolites is regulated in the phytopathogen erwinia carotovora by quorum sensing involving n-acylated homoserine lactone (ahl) signaling molecules. non-hydrolyzable ahl analogues were synthesized and screened in vivo. the biological activity of each compound was correlated with its ability to bind erwinia ahl receptor proteins (luxr homologues) in vitro. there is an excellent correlation between carbapenem production in vivo and in vitro binding to ... | 2005 | 16051488 |
| acyl-homoserine lactones from erwinia psidii r. ibsbf 435t, a guava phytopathogen (psidium guajava l.). | the phytopathogen erwinia psidii r. ibsbf 435t causes rot in branches, flowers, and fruits of guava (psidium guajava l.), being responsible for crop losses, and has no effective control. it was demonstrated that this strain produces two compounds [s-(-)-n-hexanoyl and n-heptanoyl-homoserine lactone], both belonging to the class of quorum-sensing signaling substances. a protocol using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection with chiral stationary phase is described for the absolute configur ... | 2005 | 16076103 |
| elevated temperature enhances virulence of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain ec153 to plants and stimulates production of the quorum sensing signal, n-acyl homoserine lactone, and extracellular proteins. | erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, e. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum, and e. carotovora subsp. carotovora produce high levels of extracellular enzymes, such as pectate lyase (pel), polygalacturonase (peh), cellulase (cel), and protease (prt), and the quorum-sensing signal n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) at 28 degrees c. however, the production of these enzymes and ahl by these bacteria is severely inhibited during growth at elevated temperatures (31.2 degrees c for e. carotovora subsp. atr ... | 2005 | 16085860 |
| the family of serratia type pore forming toxins. | the serratia marcescens hemolysin represents the prototype of a growing family of pore forming toxins. the available bacterial genome sequences reveal serratia hemolysin homologues in additional species. however, only s. marcescens hemolysin has been studied in great molecular detail. this family of toxins has nothing in common with the pore forming toxins of e. coli type (rtx toxins), the staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin or the thiol activated toxin of group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (stre ... | 2005 | 16101433 |
| involvement of bacterial quorum-sensing signals in spoilage of bean sprouts. | bacterial communication signals, acylated homoserine lactones (ahls), were extracted from samples of commercial bean sprouts undergoing soft-rot spoilage. bean sprouts produced in the laboratory did not undergo soft-rot spoilage and did not contain ahls or ahl-producing bacteria, although the bacterial population reached levels similar to those in the commercial sprouts, 10(8) to 10(9) cfu/g. ahl-producing bacteria (enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads) were isolated from commercial sprouts, and ... | 2005 | 15933035 |
| role of xcpp in the functionality of the pseudomonas aeruginosa secreton. | in gram-negative bacteria, most signal-peptide-dependent exoproteins are secreted via the type ii secretion system (t2ss or secreton). in pseudomonas aeruginosa, t2ss consists of twelve xcp proteins (xcpa and xcpp to xcpz) thought to be organized as a multiproteic complex within the envelope. although well conserved, t2ss are known to be species-specific, namely for distant organisms, and this characteristic was thought to involve xcpp. to check which domain of xcpp could be involved in the spec ... | 2005 | 15936176 |
| a cftr chloride channel activator prevents hrpn(ea)-induced cell death in arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. | erwinia amylovora is a necrogenic bacterium that causes fire blight of the maloideae subfamily of roseacae, such as apple and pear. it provokes necrosis in aerial parts of susceptible host plants and the typical hypersensitive reaction in non-host plants. the secreted harpin, hrpn ea, is able by itself to induce an active cell death in non-host plants. ion flux modulations were shown to be involved early in such processes but very few data are available on the plasma membrane ion channel activit ... | 2005 | 15936204 |
| genetic modification of potato against microbial diseases: in vitro and in planta activity of a dermaseptin b1 derivative, msra2. | dermaseptin b1 is a potent cationic antimicrobial peptide found in skin secretions of the arboreal frog phyllomedusa bicolor. a synthetic derivative of dermaseptin b1, msra2 (n-met-dermaseptin b1), elicited strong antimicrobial activities against various phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria in vitro. to assess its potential for plant protection, msra2 was expressed at low levels (1-5 microg/g of fresh tissue) in the transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum l.) cv. desiree. stringent challenges of thes ... | 2005 | 15947906 |
| cloning, expression and characterisation of erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase. | bacterial l-asparaginases (e.c. 3.5.1.1) have been used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia. l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora ncyc 1526 (era) was cloned and expressed in e. coli. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a two-step procedure comprising cation-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on immobilised l-asparagine. the enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzyme were investigated and the kinetic parameters (k(m), k(ca ... | 2005 | 15951039 |
| [o2-* burst of tobacco leaves triggered by erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora inoculation]. | o(-.)(2) production based on chemical method by ecc-treated intact tobacco leaves was observed. it showed a long-lasting one-phase course beginning 1 h and ending 14 h after erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) was inoculated. in ecc-treated leaves, o(-.)(2) production rate of 3 h is 2 times of 1 h, and of 10 h it remains 1.7 times. it decreases rapidly between 10 h and 14 h, at 14 h it falls to the level before inoculation. this is a completely different course from the widely accepted tw ... | 2005 | 15961909 |
| epimerase active domain of pseudomonas aeruginosa algg, a protein that contains a right-handed beta-helix. | the polysaccharide alginate forms a protective capsule for pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic pulmonary infections. the structure of alginate, a linear polymer of beta1-4-linked o-acetylated d-mannuronate (m) and l-guluronate (g), is important for its activity as a virulence factor. alginate structure is mediated by algg, a periplasmic c-5 mannuronan epimerase. algg also plays a role in protecting alginate from degradation by the periplasmic alginate lyase algl. here, we show that the c-termi ... | 2005 | 15968068 |
| bioactive ellagitannins from cunonia macrophylla, an endemic cunoniaceae from new caledonia. | chemical study of cunonia macrophylla, a new caledonian cunoniaceae, based on bioactive effects of a crude methanol extract of the leaves, detected bioactive tannins for the first time in this plant family. these ellagitannins have been identified as ellagic acid-4-o-beta-d-xylopyranoside (6), mallorepanin (3), mallotinic acid (1) along with corilagin (2), chebulagic acid (4), ellagic acid (5) and gallic acid (7) and have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity and to inhibit xanthine oxida ... | 2005 | 15652581 |
| ectopic expression of anthocyanin 5-o-glucosyltransferase in potato tuber causes increased resistance to bacteria. | the principal goal of this paper was to investigate the significance of anthocyanin 5-o-glucosyltransferase (5-ugt) for potato tuber metabolism. the ectopic expression of a 5-ugt cdna in the tuber improved the plant's defense against pathogen infection. the resistance of transgenic lines against erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was about 2-fold higher than for nontransformed plants. in most cases the pathogen resistance was accompanied by a significant increase in tuber yield. to investigate ... | 2005 | 15656661 |
| carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis in erwinia carotovora is regulated by physiological and genetic factors modulating the quorum sensing-dependent control pathway. | erwinia carotovora produces the beta-lactam antibiotic, carbapenem, in response to a quorum sensing signalling molecule, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl). we have mapped the ohhl-dependent promoter upstream of the first of the biosynthetic genes, cara. we have also analysed the effect on this promoter of the known genetic regulators of carbapenem expression, carr, cari (encoding homologues of luxr and luxi respectively) and hor (encoding a slya/marr-like transcriptional regulator). ... | 2005 | 15659168 |
| antibacterial activity of seed proteins of robinia pseudoacacia. | a low molecular weight cationic peptide was isolated from robinia pseudoacacia seed and tested in vitro against seven bacteria (corynebacterium michiganense, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, xanthomonas campestris pv campestris, and escherichia coli). the peptide inhibited the growth of the tested strains. the effective concentrations required for 50% inhibition of bacterial growth ranged between 20 and 120 microg m ... | 2005 | 15664465 |
| novel mutants of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora defective in the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes generated by mu transpososome-mediated insertion mutagenesis. | as in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora the regulation details of the main virulence factors, encoding extracellular enzymes that degrade the plant cell wall, is only rudimentally understood, we performed a genetic screen to identify novel candidate genes involved in the process. initially, we used mu transpososome-mediated mutagenesis approach to generate a comprehensive transposon insertion mutant library of ca. 10000 clones and screened the clones for the loss of extracellular enzyme produ ... | 2005 | 15668006 |
| role of the stress sigma factor rpos in gaca/rsma-controlled secondary metabolism and resistance to oxidative stress in pseudomonas fluorescens cha0. | in pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strain cha0, the two-component system gacs/gaca positively controls the synthesis of extracellular products such as hydrogen cyanide, protease, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, by upregulating the transcription of small regulatory rnas which relieve rsma-mediated translational repression of target genes. the expression of the stress sigma factor sigmas (rpos) was controlled positively by gaca and negatively by rsma. by comparison with the wild-type cha0, both ... | 2005 | 15668026 |
| detection of and response to signals involved in host-microbe interactions by plant-associated bacteria. | diverse interactions between hosts and microbes are initiated by the detection of host-released chemical signals. detection of these signals leads to altered patterns of gene expression that culminate in specific and adaptive changes in bacterial physiology that are required for these associations. this concept was first demonstrated for the members of the family rhizobiaceae and was later found to apply to many other plant-associated bacteria as well as to microbes that colonize human and anima ... | 2005 | 15755957 |
| regulation and biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics in bacteria. | carbapenem antibiotics are members of the beta-lactam family of antibiotics, the most important class of antibiotics currently in clinical use. they are active against many important gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. one important feature of carbapenem antibiotics is their resistance to several beta-lactamases. thienamycin, isolated from streptomyces cattleya, was the first carbapenem described. other well-studied carbapenems were isolated from the gram-negative bacteria erwinia carotov ... | 2005 | 15759042 |
| self-assembly of an amphiphilic iron(iii) chelator: mimicking iron acquisition in marine bacteria. | 2005 | 15770628 | |
| cloning and sequencing of a genomic island found in the brazilian purpuric fever clone of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. | a genomic island was identified in the haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius brazilian purpuric fever (bpf) strain f3031. this island, which was also found in other bpf isolates, could not be detected in non-bpf biogroup aegyptius strains or in nontypeable or typeable h. influenzae strains, with the exception of a region present in the type b eagan strain. this 34,378-bp island is inserted, in reference to h. influenzae rd kw20, within a choline transport gene and contains a mosaic structure ... | 2005 | 15784532 |
| improving the nutritional value of golden rice through increased pro-vitamin a content. | "golden rice" is a variety of rice engineered to produce beta-carotene (pro-vitamin a) to help combat vitamin a deficiency, and it has been predicted that its contribution to alleviating vitamin a deficiency would be substantially improved through even higher beta-carotene content. we hypothesized that the daffodil gene encoding phytoene synthase (psy), one of the two genes used to develop golden rice, was the limiting step in beta-carotene accumulation. through systematic testing of other plant ... | 2005 | 15793573 |
| azospirillum brasilense produces the auxin-like phenylacetic acid by using the key enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. | an antimicrobial compound was isolated from azospirillum brasilense culture extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography and further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the auxin-like molecule, phenylacetic acid (paa). paa synthesis was found to be mediated by the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, previously identified as a key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) production in a. brasilense. in minimal growth medium, paa biosynthesis by a. brasilense was only observed in ... | 2005 | 15812004 |
| the 120 592 bp incf plasmid prsb107 isolated from a sewage-treatment plant encodes nine different antibiotic-resistance determinants, two iron-acquisition systems and other putative virulence-associated functions. | the antibiotic-multiresistance incf plasmid prsb107 was isolated by a transformation-based approach from activated-sludge bacteria of a wastewater-treatment plant. it confers resistance to ampicillin, penicillin g, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline and trimethoprim and against mercuric ions. complete sequencing of this plasmid revealed that it is 120 592 bp in size and has a g+c content of 53.1 mol%. the plasmid backbone is composed of t ... | 2005 | 15817778 |
| identification of a new quorum-sensing-controlled virulence factor in erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica secreted via the type ii targeting pathway. | two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the secreted proteins of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica revealed a low-abundance protein that was identified by mass spectrometry as a homologue of a xanthomonas campestris avirulence protein with unknown function. the predicted svx protein has an n-terminal signal sequence and zinc binding-region signature, and the mature protein is post-translationally modified. a 2d difference gel electrophoresis (dige) showed that the protein is se ... | 2005 | 15828685 |
| novel quorum-sensing-controlled genes in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: identification of a fungal elicitor homologue in a soft-rotting bacterium. | seven new genes controlled by the quorum-sensing signal molecule n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl) have been identified in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. using tnphoa as a mutagen, we enriched for mutants defective in proteins that could play a role in the interaction between e. carotovora subsp. carotovora and its plant hosts, and identified nipecc and its counterpart in e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica. these are members of a growing family of proteins related to nep1 from f ... | 2005 | 15828686 |
| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of asparaginase formulations: the past, the present and recommendations for the future. | the discovery of the tumour-inhibitory properties of asparaginase began 50 years ago with the observation that guinea-pig serum-treated lymphoma-bearing mice underwent rapid and often complete regression. soon afterwards, the asparaginase of bacterial origin was isolated. the asparaginases of bacterial origin induce anti-asparaginase neutralising antibodies in a large proportion of patients (44-60%), thus negating the specific enzymatic activity and resulting in failure of the target amino acid ... | 2005 | 15828851 |
| microbiological quality of sous and tamarind, traditional drinks consumed in jordan. | this study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality of sous (a drink prepared by extracting dried roots of glycyrrhiza glabra) and tamarind (a drink prepared by infusing tamarindus indica dried pulp), traditional drinks consumed in jordan. twenty-one samples of sous and 44 samples of tamarind were collected from the local market in amman, jordan. water is the major component of the drinks. sous drink is characterized by having an alkaline ph (range, 6.6 to 9.9; mean, 8.6), whereas t ... | 2005 | 15830669 |
| lethal effect of the gliding arc discharges on erwinia spp. | to compare the decontamination performances of glidarc on strains of erwinia of industrial interest. | 2005 | 15836472 |
| autoinduction in erwinia amylovora: evidence of an acyl-homoserine lactone signal in the fire blight pathogen. | erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other members of the rosaceae. here we present the first evidence for autoinduction in e. amylovora and a role for an n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl)-type signal. two major plant virulence traits, production of extracellular polysaccharides (amylovoran and levan) and tolerance to free oxygen radicals, were controlled in a bacterial-cell-density-dependent manner. two standard autoinducer biosensors, agrobacterium tumefaciens ntl4 an ... | 2005 | 15838048 |
| spoilage of vegetable crops by bacteria and fungi and related health hazards. | after harvest, vegetables are often spoiled by a wide variety of microorganisms including many bacterial and fungal species. the most common bacterial agents are erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas spp., corynebacterium, xanthomonas campestris, and lactic acid bacteria with e. carotovora being the most common, attacking virtually every vegetable type. fungi commonly causing spoilage of fresh vegetables are botrytis cinerea, various species of the genera alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium, colleto ... | 2005 | 15839403 |
| sipk signaling controls multiple components of harpin-induced cell death in tobacco. | harpin from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (hrpz) elicits a rapid cell death response in tobacco plants. multiple signaling components, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk), reactive oxygen species (ros) and salicylic acid (sa), have been reported to be involved in this cell death process, but the interaction between these molecules is poorly understood. here we show through utilizing plants manipulated in sipk expression levels that lack of sipk results in increased sensitiv ... | 2005 | 15842625 |
| identification of a carotenoid oxygenase synthesizing acyclic xanthophylls: combinatorial biosynthesis and directed evolution. | a carotenoid desaturase homolog from staphylococcus aureus (crtox) was identified. when expressed in engineered e. coli cells synthesizing linear c(30) carotenoids, polar carotenoid products were generated, identified as aldehyde and carboxylic acid c(30) carotenoid derivatives. the major product in this engineered pathway is the fully desaturated c(30) dialdehyde carotenoid 4,4'-diapolycopen-4,4'-dial. very low carotenoid yields were observed when crtox was complemented with the c(40) carotenoi ... | 2005 | 15850982 |