Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| influence of sampling technique on detection of potential pathogens in the nasopharynx. | to determine the optimal approach for nasopharyngeal culture and to establish which approach children tolerate best. | 2006 | 16847184 |
| increased recovery of moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae in association with group a beta-haemolytic streptococci in healthy children and those with pharyngo-tonsillitis. | the inflamed tonsils harbour numerous types of bacteria, alone or in combination with group a beta-haemolytic streptococci (gabhs). the cohabitation of the tonsils by gabhs and certain other bacterial species may contribute to the inflammatory process and the failure of penicillin therapy. this study evaluated the recovery of moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae in association with gabhs in healthy children and those with acute pharyng ... | 2006 | 16849717 |
| comparison of throat swabs and nasopharyngeal suction specimens in non-sputum-producing patients with cystic fibrosis. | both throat swabs and nasopharyngeal suction (nps) specimens are used for microbiological assessment in non-sputum-producing patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), but studies comparing their diagnostic yield are lacking. we, therefore, conducted a prospective study in young cf patients, in which both techniques were performed in random order. forty-seven consecutive cf children aged 6 months to 10 years were studied during routine visits to the clinic. cf relevant pathogens were found in the major ... | 2006 | 16850448 |
| [antibiotic therapy for exacerbation]. | bacterial infections are involved in approximately 50% of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are the main pathogens. studies using quantitative cultures and molecular typing suggest a causal relationship between bacterial infection and exacerbation. furthermore, an association between infection and bronchial inflammation has been demonstrated. in contrast to steroid therapy and non-invasive ventilation, the benefits of ... | 2006 | 16855849 |
| emergence of vaccine-related pneumococcal serotypes as a cause of bacteremia. | the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has decreased the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the united states. in the postlicensure period, the impact of non-pcv7 serotypes against pediatric pneumococcal bacteremia is unknown. | 2006 | 16511752 |
| microbiology of acute sinusitis in mexican patients. | acute bacterial sinusitis is a common disorder affecting children and adults. we performed a study to assess the bacteriology of acute sinusitis in a community hospital in mexico city. patients with an acute exacerbation of persistent sinusitis or acute sinusitis were enrolled. aspiration of sinus secretions was performed and aspirates were sent for culture. all patients received antibiotic treatment for the infection based on microbiologic sensitivity reports. follow-up consultation included en ... | 2006 | 16513492 |
| effects of moraxella (branhamella) ovis culture filtrates on bovine erythrocytes, peripheral mononuclear cells, and corneal epithelial cells. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) is a highly contagious ocular disease that affects cattle of all ages and that occurs worldwide. piliated hemolytic moraxella bovis is recognized as the etiologic agent of ibk. according to data from the nebraska veterinary diagnostic laboratory system, however, moraxella (branhamella) ovis has been isolated with increasing frequency from cattle affected with ibk. the objective of this study was, therefore, to examine m. ovis field isolates for the pr ... | 2006 | 16517853 |
| [bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. | nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, the primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infe ... | 2006 | 16519120 |
| a trial of high-dose, short-course levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | compare two dosage strengths of levofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | 2006 | 16399173 |
| moraxella catarrhalis induces inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells via mapk and nf-kappab activation and histone deacetylase activity reduction. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (copd) and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of copd. little is known about m. catarrhalis-bronchial epithelium interaction. we investigated activation of m. catarrhalis infected bronchial epithelial cells and characterized the signal transduction pathways. moreover, we tested the hypothesis that the m. catarrhalis-induced cytokine expression is regulated by acetylation of histone residue ... | 2006 | 16399788 |
| the moraxella bovis rtx toxin locus mbx defines a pathogenicity island. | to characterize flanking regions of the mbx operon in moraxella bovis, dna surrounding mbxcabdtolc was sequenced in haemolytic and nonhaemolytic strains of m. bovis. in two haemolytic strains of m. bovis, the mbx operon, including the adjacent m. bovis tolc orthologue, was flanked by approximately 700 bp imperfect repeats. nonhaemolytic strains of m. bovis had only one or no such repeats, as well as orfs identical to those flanking the repeats from haemolytic m. bovis. two nonhaemolytic strains ... | 2006 | 16533993 |
| rapid typing of moraxella catarrhalis subpopulations based on outer membrane proteins using mass spectrometry. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major mucosal pathogen of the human respiratory tract both in children and in adults. two subpopulations of this organism have been described that differ in 16s rrna gene sequence and virulence traits. three 16s rrna types have been defined. 2-de followed by protein identification by ms revealed significant differences in the outer membrane protein (omp) patterns of each m. catarrhalis 16s rrna type. approximately 130 features were detected on the 2-de map of each m. c ... | 2006 | 16317771 |
| aerobic bacterial flora of the vagina and prepuce of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and investigation of associations with urogenital carcinoma. | to investigate the association between genital bacterial infection and urogenital carcinoma in california sea lions (zalophus californianus), vaginal and preputial swabs for bacterial isolation were taken from 148 free-ranging and 51 stranded california sea lions including 16 animals with urogenital carcinoma. cytological examination of vaginal or preputial smears showed a majority (65.5%, 57/87) of animals examined had mild or no inflammation. aerobic bacteria were isolated from 116 (78.4%) wil ... | 2006 | 16326045 |
| pharmacologic characteristics of prulifloxacin. | prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. after absorption, prulifloxacin is metabolized by esterases to ulifloxacin. the drug has a long elimination half-life, allowing once-daily administration. in vitro, ulifloxacin is generally more active than other fluoroquinolones against a variety of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, including community and nosocomial isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus, providen ... | 2006 | 16360331 |
| purification of the yada membrane anchor for secondary structure analysis and crystallization. | non-fimbrial adhesins, such as yersinia yada, moraxella uspa1 and a2, haemophilus hia and hsf, or bartonella bada, represent an important class of molecules by which pathogenic proteobacteria adhere to their hosts. they form trimeric surface structures with a head-rod-anchor architecture. whereas their head and rod domains may be of heterologous origin, their anchor domains are homologous and display the properties of autotransporters. conflicting topology models exist for these membrane anchors ... | 2006 | 16405993 |
| in vitro activity of tigecycline, a new glycylcycline, tested against 1,326 clinical bacterial strains isolated from latin america. | the in vitro activity of tigecycline (former gar-936), a new semisynthetic tetracycline, was evaluated in comparison with tetracycline and other antimicrobial agents. | 2006 | 16410885 |
| human serum and mucosal antibody responses to outer membrane protein g1b of moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human pathogen that causes otitis media, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. outer membrane protein g1b is a approximately 29-kda protein that has a high degree of homology among strains, contains surface-exposed epitopes, and is a potential vaccine candidate. the ompg1b gene was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, and purified. to assess the expression of outer membrane protein g1b durin ... | 2006 | 16420607 |
| nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling for isolation of potential respiratory pathogens in adults. | the optimal methodology for the identification of colonization by potential respiratory pathogens (prp) in adults is not well established. the objectives of the present study were to compare the sensitivities of sampling the nasopharynx and the oropharynx for identification of prp colonization and to compare the sensitivities of samples from the nasopharynx by swab and by washing for the same purpose. the study included 500 participants with a mean age of 65.1 +/- 17.8 years. of these, 300 patie ... | 2006 | 16455908 |
| nasal middle meatal specimen bacteriology as a predictor of the course of acute respiratory infection in children. | to test our hypothesis that children with potentially pathogenic bacteria (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis) in the nasal middle meatus might have more prolonged symptoms of acute respiratory infection than children without such bacteria, we conducted a prospective cohort study of such children. | 2006 | 16462285 |
| biotransformation of citrinin to decarboxycitrinin using an organic solvent-tolerant marine bacterium, moraxella sp. mb1. | organic solvent tolerant microorganisms (ostms) are novel group of extremophilic microorganisms that have developed resistance to withstand solvent toxicity. these organisms play an important role in biotransformation of organic compounds. in the present study, we used an organic solvent-tolerant marine bacterium, moraxella sp. mb1. 16s rrna sequencing revealed that the bacterium shows 98% similarity with an uncultured marine bacterium with genbank accession no. ay936933. this bacterium was used ... | 2006 | 16467989 |
| moraxella catarrhalis stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin e from human respiratory epithelial cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. | the outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis, a bacterial pathogen which causes disease in both children and adults, play an important role in its phenotypic properties. however, their proinflammatory potential with regard to respiratory epithelium and macrophages is unclear. to this end, we examined the cytokine- and mediator-inducing capacity of a heat-killed wild-type m. catarrhalis strain and a nonautoagglutinating mutant as well as their outer membrane proteins and secretory/excreto ... | 2006 | 16487301 |
| visible laser and uv-a radiation impact on a pnp degrading moraxella strain and its rpos mutant. | the role of stationary phase sigma factor gene (rpos) in the stress response of moraxella strain when exposed to radiation was determined by comparing the stress responses of the wild-type (wt) and its rpos knockout (ko) mutant. the rpos was turned on by starving the wt cultures for 24 h in minimal salt medium. under non-starved condition, both wt and ko planktonic moraxella cells showed an increase in mortality with the increase in duration of irradiation. in the planktonic non-starved moraxell ... | 2006 | 16489628 |
| biofilm formation by moraxella catarrhalis in vitro: roles of the uspa1 adhesin and the hag hemagglutinin. | mutant analysis was used to identify moraxella catarrhalis gene products necessary for biofilm development in a crystal violet-based assay involving 24-well tissue culture plates. the wild-type m. catarrhalis strains that formed the most extensive biofilms in this system proved to be refractory to transposon mutagenesis, so an m. catarrhalis strain was constructed that was both able to form biofilms in vitro and amenable to transposon mutagenesis. chromosomal dna from the biofilm-positive strain ... | 2006 | 16495530 |
| binding of vitronectin by the moraxella catarrhalis uspa2 protein interferes with late stages of the complement cascade. | many moraxella catarrhalis strains are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (nhs). the uspa2 protein of the serum-resistant strain o35e has previously been shown to be directly involved in conferring serum resistance on this strain. testing of 11 additional serum-resistant m. catarrhalis wild-type isolates and their uspa1 and uspa2 mutants showed that the uspa1 mutants of all 11 strains were consistently serum resistant and that the uspa2 mutants of these same 11 strains ... | 2006 | 16495531 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in japan during protekt years 1-3 (1999-2002). | data are presented on antimicrobial resistance among isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptoco-ccus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis collected in japan during years 1-3 (1999-2002) of the prospective resistant organism tracking and epidemiology for the ketolide telithromycin (protekt) surveillance study. in addition to the standard panel of protekt antimicrobial agents, eight other agents often used in japan also were tested against these isolates. the majority ( ... | 2006 | 16506084 |
| prospective surveillance for atypical pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia in japan. | a total of 141 children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were studied prospectively to determine the causative microorganisms. microbial investigations included examination of postnasal swabs, cultures, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and serology. the atypical pathogens occurring most frequently were mycoplasma pneumoniae (58 patients [41.1%]), chlamydia pneumoniae (4 patients [2.8%]), and concurrent occurrence of both pathogens (1 patient [0.7%]). patients aged under 4 years showed a r ... | 2006 | 16506088 |
| pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of oral moxifloxacin 400 mg/day in elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of moxifloxacin in 15 consecutive elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) treated with the fixed oral moxifloxacin 400 mg/day regimen with the intent of verifying which degree of exposure may be ensured by this standard regimen against aecb pathogens. | 2006 | 16509760 |
| endoscopically guided aerobic cultures in postsurgical patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. | there is considerable amount of debate in the literature regarding the microbial flora of normal, acutely infected, and chronically infected paranasal sinuses. few studies have specifically looked at the microbial flora of healthy and infected sinus cavities after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. | 2006 | 16539298 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1999-2003). | emerging resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole continues to compromise orally administered therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections. concern also exists that multidrug-resistant (mdr) s. pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae strains could develop fluoroquinolone resistance (fqr). s. pneumoniae (2379 strains), h. influenzae (2456), and moraxella catarrhalis (901) studied as part of th ... | 2006 | 16546341 |
| antimicrobial activity of a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor, lbm415, tested against respiratory tract and cutaneous infection pathogens: a global surveillance report (2003-2004). | to evaluate the spectrum of activity and potency of lbm415, the first of the peptide deformylase inhibitor (pdfi) class to be developed for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (ussti), against a large, contemporary international collection of targeted pathogens collected during 2003-2004. | 2006 | 16549511 |
| molecular and antigenic characterization of a mycoplasma bovis strain causing an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis. | an unusually high incidence of infectious keratoconjunctivitis followed by pneumonia and arthritis was observed in beef calves of a managed herd. no moraxella spp. or bacteria other than mycoplasma spp. were obtained from conjunctival and nasal swabs. a strategy was designed for characterization of bovine mycoplasmas at species and strain level on the basis of a combination of molecular tools and the immunoblotting method. the strategy made it possible to rapidly assign the bacterium responsible ... | 2006 | 16566256 |
| the use of macrolides in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. | antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among upper respiratory tract pathogens. resistance to beta-lactam drugs among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes is increasing. as safe and well-tolerated antibiotics, macrolides play a key role in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (rtis). their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, such as s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes, atypical pathogens, h. influenzae ... | 2006 | 16566868 |
| the viriato study: update of antimicrobial susceptibility data of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal in 2003 and 2004. | the viriato study is a nationwide, prospective, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal. in 2003 and 2004 a total of 2945 isolates was recovered in the 29 laboratories that participated in the study. testing was undertaken in a central laboratory. of the 513 streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis all were susceptible to penic ... | 2006 | 16572254 |
| penicillin resistance is not extrapolable to amoxicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from middle ear fluid in children with acute otitis media. | we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of amoxicillin against penicillin-susceptible and -nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children with acute otitis media (aom). | 2006 | 16572607 |
| effect of telithromycin and azithromycin on nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. | to explore the efficacy of the ketolide telithromycin compared with azithromycin in eradicating s pneumoniae from the nasopharynx of adults with acute maxillary sinusitis. the growing resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and macrolides brought about the development of a new class of antibiotics-the ketolides-that are effective against resistant pneumococci. | 2006 | 16618915 |
| subretinal abscess and endogenous endophthalmitis caused by beta-lactamase-positive moraxella species. | 2006 | 16622391 | |
| molecular analysis of microbial communities identified in different developmental stages of ixodes scapularis ticks from westchester and dutchess counties, new york. | ixodes scapularis ticks play an important role in the transmission of a wide variety of pathogens between various mammalian species, including humans. pathogens transmitted by ticks include borrelia, anaplasma and babesia. although ticks may harbour both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microflora, little is known about how the diversity of the microflora within ticks may influence the transmission of pathogens. to begin addressing this question, we examined the composition of bacterial communities ... | 2006 | 16623735 |
| quantitative detection of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract samples by real-time pcr. | the limitation of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis has been a distinguishing colonization from infection. we assess here the usefulness of real-time quantitative pcr (rq-pcr) performed on lower respiratory tract samples to overcome this problem. consecutive respiratory tract samples from patients with and without signs of infection (n = 203) were subject ... | 2006 | 16626914 |
| population distributions of minimum inhibitory concentration--increasing accuracy and utility. | to generate continuous minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) data that describes the discrete nature of experimentally derived population mic data. | 2006 | 16630000 |
| managing acute lower respiratory tract infections in an era of antibacterial resistance. | respiratory tract infections account for more than 116 million office visits and an estimated 3 million visits to hospital eds annually. patients presenting at eds with symptoms suggestive of lower respiratory tract infections of suspected bacterial etiology are often severely ill, thus requiring a rapid presumptive diagnosis and empiric antimicrobial treatment. traditionally, clinicians have relied on beta-lactam or macrolide antibiotics to manage community-acquired lower respiratory tract infe ... | 2006 | 16635707 |
| [a multicentre study on the pathogenic agents in 665 adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in cities of china]. | to investigate the pathogenic causes of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adult patients in china, the relation of previous antibiotic use and the pneumonia patient outcome research team (port) classification to microbial etiology, and the prevalence of drug resistance of common cap bacteria. | 2006 | 16638292 |
| the other siblings: respiratory infections caused by moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. | respiratory infections remain substantial causes of morbidity and mortality globally. in this paper, two substantial players in bacterial-associated respiratory disease are assessed as to their respective roles in children and adults and in the developed and developing world. moraxella catarrhalis, although initially thought to be a nonpathogen, continues to emerge as a cause of upper respiratory disease in children and pneumonia in adults. no vaccine is currently available to prevent m. catarrh ... | 2006 | 16643773 |
| eradication of common pathogens at days 2, 3 and 4 of moxifloxacin therapy in patients with acute bacterial sinusitis. | acute bacterial sinusitis (abs) is a common infection in clinical practice. data on time to bacteriologic eradication after antimicrobial therapy are lacking for most agents, but are necessary in order to optimize therapy. this was a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study to determine the time to bacteriologic eradication in abs patients (maxillary sinusitis) treated with moxifloxacin. | 2006 | 16646958 |
| study of upper respiratory tract bacterial flora: first report. variations in upper respiratory tract bacterial flora in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection and healthy subjects and variations by subject age. | with the appearance of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, there has been increasing debate concerning antimicrobial treatments for acute upper respiratory tract infection (aurti) and acute otitis media in children. this study compares the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in patients with aurti (aurti group; 710 subjects) and healthy subjects (hs group; 380 subjects). the comparisons were made between subjects aged 6 years or younger (0-6 subgroup: 330 subjects), between 7 and 74 years ... | 2006 | 16648948 |
| effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during acute otitis media. | the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has been shown to reduce the incidence of acute otitis media (aom) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae by 34% and reduces the overall incidence of aom by 6% to 8%. more recent studies have shown increases in the proportion of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in the middle-ear fluid of pcv7-immunized children. there has been no report on the effect of pcv7 on all 3 bacterial pathogens combined, either in the middle-ear fluid or ... | 2006 | 16651345 |
| optimal site for throat culture: tonsillar surface versus posterior pharyngeal wall. | to determine the optimal site of throat culture for the detection of potential pathogens by comparing culture results from the tonsillar surface and the posterior pharyngeal wall in children selected for adenotonsillectomy and in children without upper respiratory disease. cotton culture swabs were taken from the tonsillar surface and the posterior pharyngeal wall of 50 children selected for adenotonsillectomy for symptoms of recurrent tonsillitis and/or adenotonsillar hypertrophy and of 50 chil ... | 2006 | 16673080 |
| model structure of the prototypical non-fimbrial adhesin yada of yersinia enterocolitica. | non-fimbrial adhesins, such as yersinia yada, moraxella uspa1 and a2, haemophilus hia and hsf, or bartonella bada represent an important class of molecules by which pathogenic proteobacteria adhere to their hosts. they form trimeric surface structures with a head-stalk-anchor architecture. whereas head and stalk domains are diverse and appear (frequently repetitively) in different combinations, the anchor domains are homologous and display the properties of autotransporters. we have built a mole ... | 2006 | 16675268 |
| characteristics of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy children attending day-care centres in the czech republic. | nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens was studied in 425 healthy 3- to 6-year-old children attending 16 day-care centres (dccs) in nine czech cities during the winter 2004-2005. the overall carriage of pathogens was 62.8% (streptococcus pneumoniae, 38.1%; haemophilus influenzae, 24.9%; moraxella catarrhalis, 22.1%; staphylococcus aureus, 16%). an age-related downward trend was observed for colonization with respiratory pathogens in contrast to staph. aureus whose carriage was significan ... | 2006 | 16684402 |
| measuring nasal bacterial load and its association with otitis media. | nasal colonisation with otitis media (om) pathogens, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, is a precursor to the onset of om. many children experience asymptomatic nasal carriage of these pathogens whereas others will progress to otitis media with effusion (ome) or suppurative om. we observed a disparity in the prevalence of suppurative om between aboriginal children living in remote communities and non-aboriginal children attending child-care c ... | 2006 | 16686940 |
| otomicroscopic findings and systemic interleukin-6 levels in relation to etiologic agent during experimental acute otitis media. | the aim of the present study was to explore whether it was possible to differentiate the clinical course and the otomicroscopic appearance of acute otitis media (aom) caused by common otitis pathogens in an animal model. systemic interleukin (il)-6 levels as early markers for bacterial aom were also studied. four groups of rats were inoculated with either streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. the animals were monitored by ... | 2006 | 16689828 |
| the efficacy of cefdinir in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. | acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a common infection resulting in substantial morbidity. cefdinir, an oral cephalosporin, has extended-spectrum, bactericidal activity against common acute bacterial rhinosinusitis pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. cefdinir shows rapid oral absorption and good respiratory tissue penetration, and may be administered once daily. in randomised clinical trials, cefdinir showed efficacy similar to that of o ... | 2006 | 16722817 |
| activities of ceftobiprole, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin, against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum pyrrolidinone-3-ylidenemethyl cephem currently in phase iii clinical trials, had mics between 0.008 microg/ml and 8.0 microg/ml for 321 clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and between < or =0.004 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml for 49 clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis. ceftobiprole mic(50) and mic(90) values for h. influenzae were 0.06 microg/ml and 0.25 microg/ml for beta-lactamase-positive strains (n = 262), 0.03 microg/ml and 0.25 microg/ml for beta ... | 2006 | 16723565 |
| antibacterial activity of propolis and its active principles alone and in combination with macrolides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones against microorganisms responsible for respiratory infections. | propolis is produced by bees and is reported to have several pharmaceutical properties. its antibacterial activity against strains causing upper respiratory tract infections is particularly important: propolis might be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent the bacterial infections that sometimes overlap viral infections. in this study the in vitro activity of both an alcoholic solution and a hydroglyceric extract of propolis, as well as its active principles, was tested against bacteria respons ... | 2006 | 16736885 |
| in vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against common respiratory pathogens. | the treatment of respiratory infections is often empiric, necessitating the use of agents with a broad range of antimicrobial activity. the fluoroquinolones, having activity against common respiratory pathogens, fit this description. new fluoroquinolones have been developed in an attempt to improve the in vitro activity against a wide variety of respiratory tract pathogens. the objective of the study is to compare in vitro activity of newest fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, with ... | 2006 | 16755812 |
| plasmid pww115, a cloning vector for use with moraxella catarrhalis. | the plasmid shuttle vector pww102b is able to replicate in only a modest number of moraxella catarrhalis strains. plasmid pww115, a spontaneous deletion mutant of pww102b, was shown to lack both the pacyc184-derived origin of replication and the associated chloramphenicol-resistance gene but was able to replicate in every m. catarrhalis strain tested in this study, including one strain that had been previously refractory to all types of genetic manipulations. to test the utility of this plasmid, ... | 2006 | 16757025 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in shanghai, china: microbial etiology and implications for empirical therapy in a prospective study of 389 patients. | the aim of this multicenter study was to identify the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in shanghai, china, and to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. pathogens obtained from 389 patients with documented cap during 2001-2003 were identified by multiple diagnostic tools that included bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and specific immunological assays. susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was tested by the broth microdilution method ... | 2006 | 16767484 |
| frequency of recovery of pathogens causing acute maxillary sinusitis in adults before and after introduction of vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine. | the objective of the study was to compare the proportions of the recovery of pathogens of acute maxillary sinusitis in adults in the 4-year period prior to the 5-year period that followed the introduction of vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (pcv7). cultures were obtained through endoscopy from 385 adults with acute maxillary sinusitis, 156 between 1997 and 2000, and 229 between 2001 and 2005. one hundred and seventeen potentially pathogenic organisms were isolated f ... | 2006 | 16772423 |
| relationship between clinical signs and symptoms and nasopharyngeal flora in acute otitis media. | possible links between the clinical signs and symptoms of acute otitis media and the composition of the nasopharyngeal flora were investigated by reviewing the files of 1807 children enrolled in four randomised, multicentre trials. a standard protocol was used, nasopharyngeal samples were cultured, and signs and symptoms were recorded. carriage of haemophilus influenzae was associated positively with conjunctivitis (or 4.83, 95% ci 3.76-6.20) and negatively with fever (or 0.69, 95% ci 0.56-0.86) ... | 2006 | 16774568 |
| in vitro activity of cefditoren: antimicrobial efficacy against major respiratory pathogens from asian countries. | in this study we evaluated the in vitro activities of cefditoren and 14 other comparator agents against 1025 isolates of major respiratory tract pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. bacterial isolates were collected from 11 asian countries. the majority of s. pneumoniae isolates (98.8%) were susceptible to cefditoren. the mic(50) and mic(90) values (minimum inhibitory concentrations for 50% a ... | 2006 | 16777383 |
| microbial pathogens of adult community-acquired pneumonia in southern estonia. | prospective analysis of the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 209 inpatients (mean age 56.2+/-11.2 years) was performed at the lung hospital of tartu university, estonia. majority of the patients (87.6%) had at least one significant modifying or risk factor and 30.6% had severe community-acquired pneumonia. streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococci, klebsiella pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis were the most frequent pathogens (22.0, 12.2, 11.4, and 10.2%, respectively). ... | 2006 | 16778466 |
| biofilm formation in an ice cream plant. | the sites of biofilm formation in an ice cream plant were investigated by sampling both the production line and the environment. experiments were carried out twice within a 20-day period. first, stainless steel coupons were fixed to surfaces adjacent to food contact surfaces, the floor drains and the doormat. they were taken for the analysis of biofilm at three different production stages. then, biofilm forming bacteria were enumerated and also presence of listeria monocytogenes was monitored. b ... | 2006 | 16779628 |
| beginning antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis and choosing the right treatment. | acute bacterial sinusitis (abs) is an extremely common problem in both children and adults. there are three clinical presentations of acute sinusitis: (1) onset with persistent symptoms (nasal symptoms or cough or both for > 10 but < 30 d without evidence of improvement); (2) onset with severe symptoms (high fever and purulent nasal discharge for 3-4 consecutive days); and (3) onset with worsening symptoms (respiratory symptoms, with or without fever, which worsen after several days of improveme ... | 2006 | 16785586 |
| microbial biosensor for direct determination of nitrophenyl-substituted organophosphate nerve agents using genetically engineered moraxella sp. | a microbial biosensor consisting of a dissolved oxygen electrode modified with the genetically engineered pnp-degrader moraxella sp. displaying organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) on the cell surface for sensitive, selective, rapid and direct determination of p-nitrophenyl (pnp)-substituted organophosphates (ops) is reported. surface-expressed oph works in tandem with the pnp oxidation machinery of the moraxella sp. to degrade pnp-substituted ops and pnp simultaneously while consuming oxygen, that ... | 2006 | 17761263 |
| [nosopharyngeal microflora in ambulatory treated children and adults with upper respiratory tract infections]. | upper respiratory tract consists resident and transient bacterial microflora, which in appropriate condition can cause infection. bacteriological study was performed among 201 patients with upper respiratory tract infections treated in ambulatory. from nasal and pharyngeal swabs staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococci group a, b, c, g were isolated. antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated strains was performed using c ... | 2006 | 17340999 |
| the efficacy of cefditoren pivoxil in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, with a focus on the per-pathogen bacteriologic response in infections caused by streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae: a pooled analysis of seven clinical trials. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) are frequently caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemopbilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrbalis; thus, these are the target pathogens for antibiotic treatment. | 2006 | 17296462 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of common pathogens from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in estonia. | antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 49), haemophilus influenzae (n = 66) and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 25) from adults with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (calrti) was assessed in a national surveillance study in southern estonia during 2000-2003. in s. pneumoniae, no penicillin resistance and only 2.0% resistance to clarithromycin was present, although intermediate resistance to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) reache ... | 2006 | 17267337 |
| invasive infection due to moraxella lacunata, an unusual pathogen. | moraxella lacunata, a commensal bacterium, is associated with serious invasive disease. we describe a patient with diabetic nephropathy who developed septicemia with metastatic abscesses in the liver and spleen due to moraxella lacunata. the patient also had multiple ring enhancing lesions in both the cerebral hemispheres, possibly due to the same organism. | 2006 | 17333775 |
| [in-vitro susceptibilites to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 18,639 clinical isolates obtained from 77 centers in 2004]. | a total of 18,639 clinical isolates in 19 species collected from 77 centers during 2004 in japan were tested for their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (fqs) and other selected antibiotics. the common respiratory pathogens, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae showed a high susceptible rate against fqs. the isolation rate of beta lactamase non-producing ampicillin-resistant h. influenzae was approximately three times as large as tho ... | 2006 | 17334061 |
| tonsillar microbial flora: a comparison of infected and non-infected tonsils. | the main objective of this study was to find out the most common organism affecting the tonsils in recurrent tonsillitis. | 2006 | 18603861 |
| is there any specific association between respiratory viruses and bacteria in acute otitis media of young children? | respiratory viral infections are usually preceding or coinciding with acute otitis media (aom) in children. it is not known if a given viral infection would facilitate invasion of bacterial pathogens into the middle ear in a species-specific way. we reanalysed the microbiological results of the two prospective finnish otitis media (finom) studies for this purpose. | 2006 | 15992930 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against gram-negative bacterial pathogens. | to investigate the in vitro activity of the ketolide anti-bacterial telithromycin against a range of commensal bacteria and common aerobic gram-negative respiratory and non-respiratory pathogens. | 2006 | 15996744 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns among respiratory pathogens at a german university children's hospital over a period of 10 years. | growing antimicrobial resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis is raising major concern worldwide. strains of s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis isolated from children with respiratory tract as well as invasive infection in a south-western region of germany between 1993 and 2002 were tested for susceptibility to common antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides. a total of 2,362 s. pneumoniae, 2,501 h. influenz ... | 2006 | 16133241 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in children in geneva, switzerland. | bacteria increasingly resistant to antibiotics are a major treatment concern of respiratory tract pathogens in children. the aim of this study was to assess the trends of resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to several classes of antibiotics in children<16 years of age and to compare its prevalence with surrounding countries. we studied retrospectively the susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from specimens collected from pati ... | 2006 | 16133242 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance among respiratory tract pathogens in children in two regions near france, a high level resistance country. | 2006 | 16133243 | |
| adhesion of moraxella catarrhalis to human bronchial epithelium characterized by a novel fluorescence-based assay. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. adhesion of this pathogen to epithelial cells is critical for its pathogenicity. although much work has been done on identifying surface molecules of m. catarrhalis as adhesins, several adhesion assays were used in these studies which has never been validated or compared to each other. in the present study, we have examined the capacity of m. catarrhalis to adhere to different human epithelial ... | 2006 | 16059698 |
| bacterial activation of mast cells. | mast cells often are found in a perivascular location but especially in mucosae, where they may response to various stimuli. they typically associate with immediate hypersensitive responses and are likely to play a critical role in host defense. in this chapter, a common airway pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis, and a commensal bacterium, neiserria cinerea, are used to illustrate activation of human mast cells. a human mast cell line (hmc-1) derived from a patient with mast cell leukemia was activ ... | 2006 | 16110171 |
| development of a shuttle vector for moraxella catarrhalis. | efforts to perform genetic analysis in moraxella catarrhalis have been hampered by the lack of a cloning vector. m. catarrhalis strain e22 was previously shown to contain plasmid plq510 which lacked a selectable antibiotic resistance marker. several methods were used to eliminate unnecessary dna from plq510. then, a 1.2 kb spectinomycin resistance cartridge, a multiple cloning site, and the origin of replication from pacyc184 were cloned into this plasmid backbone to obtain the 7.2 kb plasmid pw ... | 2006 | 16188314 |
| presence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children. a prospective study. | the purpose of the present study was to examine and follow up the presence of respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children during the cold season and compare the findings with the child's respiratory symptoms. | 2006 | 16198005 |
| alpha1-antitrypsin inhibits moraxella catarrhalis mid protein-induced tonsillar b cell proliferation and il-6 release. | alpha1-antitrypsin (aat) is a major circulating and tissues inhibitor of serine proteinases implicated in the regulation of inflammation and host defence. there is now increasing evidence that aat may also exhibit anti-inflammatory activities independent of its protease inhibitor function. this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of native (inhibitory) and polymerized (non-inhibitory) forms of aat on mid (moraxella igd binding protein)-induced human tonsillar b cell activation in vit ... | 2006 | 16214222 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate versus azithromycin. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common acute bacterial infection in childhood and also the most frequent reason for outpatient antibiotic therapy. little recent information about susceptibility patterns of aom bacterial pathogens in turkish children has been reported. | 2006 | 16293317 |
| moraxella as a cause of necrotizing fasciitis of the eyelid. | 2006 | 16294199 | |
| the igd-binding domain of the moraxella igd-binding protein mid (mid962-1200) activates human b cells in the presence of t cell cytokines. | moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding protein (mid) is an outer membrane protein with specific affinity for soluble and cell-bound human igd. here, we demonstrate that mutated m. catarrhalis strains devoid of mid show a 75% decreased activation of human b cells as compared with wild-type bacteria. in contrast to mid-expressing moraxella, the mid-deficient moraxella mutants did not bind to human cd19+ igd+ b cells. the smallest mid fragment with preserved igd-binding capacity compr ... | 2006 | 16301327 |
| positive blood cultures in pediatric emergency department patients: epidemiological and clinical characteristics. | to determine the frequency of the emergency department (ed) visits of bacteraemic children and to compare the clinical characteristics of the discharged patients with those of the admitted patients. | 2005 | 16302571 |
| antimicrobial activity of doripenem (s-4661): a global surveillance report (2003). | the spectrum of activity and potency of doripenem, a broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem currently in clinical development, was evaluated using 16 008 clinical bacterial isolates collected as part of an international surveillance project during 2003. using reference broth microdilution methods, doripenem was found to be highly active against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (2705 and 297 isolates, respectively; mic90s 0.06 mg/l), with a potency gr ... | 2005 | 16307551 |
| kinetic bactericidal activity of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin against respiratory pathogens. | the present study assessed the comparative in vitro killing kinetics of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbc) were determined against streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis strains characterized by different susceptibilities to beta-lactams and macrolides. for each bacterial species, representative strains were chosen for time-kill stud ... | 2005 | 16309423 |
| antigenic specificity of the mucosal antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human mucosal pathogen causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the mucosal antibody response to m. catarrhalis in adults with copd. in this study, 10 pairs of well-characterized sputum supernatant samples from adults with copd who had acquired and subsequently cleared m. catarrhalis from their respiratory tracts were studied in detail in an effor ... | 2005 | 16299311 |
| cold shock response of the uspa1 outer membrane adhesin of moraxella catarrhalis. | colonization of the human nasopharynx exposes moraxella catarrhalis, a common cause of otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, to sudden downshifts in temperature, occurring when the host breathes cold air. we investigated whether in vitro cold shock influences the expressions of the outer membrane adhesins uspa1 and hemagglutinin, which are considered virulence factors, and of an m. catarrhalis homolog of reca, a housekeeping gene, which in ... | 2005 | 16299321 |
| telithromycin for the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: a review of a new antibacterial agent. | telithromycin, the first approved ketolide antibiotic, was developed to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections, including acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis (abms). a previously published study showed that a 5-day course of 800 mg telithromycin once daily is as effective as a 10-day course in the treatment of abms. | 2005 | 16217977 |
| eradication of pathogens from the nasopharynx after therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with low- or high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. | the growing resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin can be overcome by increasing the dose of the penicillin administered. this generated the recommendation that the adult dose of amoxicillin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis (ams) be increased from 1.5 g/day to 4.0 g/day. the objective of this study was to investigate whether the higher dose of amoxicillin is more effective than the previously recommended dose in eradicating s. pneumoniae from the nasopharynx of patien ... | 2005 | 16226017 |
| new formulations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic review. | the pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid when used alone or in combination are extensively reviewed and discussed in this article. the reported data support a nonlinear absorption process for amoxicillin. saturable transport mechanisms, limited solubility and the existence of an absorption window are possibly involved in the gastrointestinal absorption of this antibacterial, all leading to a decrease in the peak plasma concentration (cmax)/dose ratio, a prolongation of t ... | 2005 | 16231964 |
| single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of children with acute otitis media. | azithromycin is an azalide with in vitro activity against otitis media pathogens, good middle ear penetration and a prolonged half-life. a total of four clinical trials have evaluated the clinical success rate, safety and compliance of single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg) in the treatment of children with otitis media. among all the patients treated with single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg), and presented previously in four published clinical trials, end-of-treatment clinical success was 88% (544 ... | 2005 | 16207162 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of sm-216601, a new broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem. | sm-216601 is a novel parenteral 1beta-methylcarbapenem. in agar dilution susceptibility testing, the mic of sm-216601 for 90% of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains tested (mic(90)) was 2 microg/ml, which was comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid. sm-216601 was also very potent against enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant strains (mic(90) = 8 microg/ml). sm-216601 exhibited potent activity against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, ... | 2005 | 16189097 |
| sensitivity of respiratory bacteria to lignocaine. | lignocaine, a topical anaesthetic agent, is generally used in variable concentrations usually between 2% and 4% on the vocal cords prior to flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) procedures. the aim of this study was to investigate whether 2% or 1% lignocaine significantly inhibits the growth of organisms commonly found in the respiratory tract, in particular streptococcus pneumoniae. | 2005 | 16194830 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis vaccine development. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a common and highly contagious ocular disease affecting cattle worldwide. the tremendous economic losses attributable to this disease warrant continued investigation into methods of prevention. multiple virulence factors have been linked to the primary aetiologic agent, moraxella bovis. efforts to develop an efficacious vaccine have primarily focused upon the use of surface pili or cytolysin to stimulate host immunity; however, m. bovis possesses other v ... | 2005 | 16119425 |
| an open multicenter study of the use of gatifloxacin for the treatment of non-complicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults. | the bacteriological and clinical efficacy and the safety of gatifloxacin for the treatment of non-complicated acute rhinosinusitis was evaluated in 49 adult patients in an open-label multicenter study in brazil. patients under age 18, or with associated systemic diseases, were excluded. diagnosis was based on symptoms, otorhinolaryngological examination, and x-rays of the sinus. at the first visit, all patients were treated with a single daily dose of 400 mg gatifloxacin for 10 days. middle nasa ... | 2005 | 16127593 |
| role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | the goal of this study was to determine the role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. strain 2951 and its p(k) mutant strain 2951 gale were used in this study. this study suggests that the p(k) epitope of los is not an adhesin for m. catarrhalis, but plays a crucial role by its surface charge in the initial stage of attachment. | 2005 | 16237271 |
| [efficacy and safety of extended-release clarithromycin (5-day short-course) vs telithromycin, in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis]. | the extended-release formulation of clarithromycin (cla-er) allows using this macrolide as a single daily dose. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the cla-er formulation (500 mgx2) vs telithromycin (teli) (400 mgx2) as a short course 5-day treatment, once a day, in patients with aecb. | 2005 | 16239090 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacterium without endotoxin, a potential vaccine candidate. | lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface component of moraxella catarrhalis and a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by this organism. the presence of los on the bacterium is an obstacle to the development of vaccines derived from whole cells or outer membrane components of the bacterium. an lpxa gene encoding udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase responsible for the first step of lipid a biosynthesis was identified by the construction and characteriza ... | 2005 | 16239560 |
| sputum bacteriology in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant pneumonia in hong kong. | to study the sputum microbiology of patients admitted to a teaching hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) with concomitant pneumonia. | 2005 | 16248860 |
| recovery of interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx following antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with telithromycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate. | the effect on the nasopharyngeal flora of 7 days of amoxicillin-clavulanate or 5 days of 800 mg once a day was studied in 50 adults with acute sinusitis. the numbers of potential pathogens and interfering alpha-hemolytic streptococci were equally reduced after both therapies. however, the number of interfering prevotella spp. declined more significantly after amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment. | 2005 | 16251334 |