Publications

the bacterial dna repair protein mfd confers resistance to the host nitrogen immune response.	production of reactive nitrogen species (no) is a key step in the immune response following infections. no induces lesions to bacterial dna, thus limiting bacterial growth within hosts. using two pathogenic bacteria, bacillus cereus and shigella flexneri, we show that the dna-repair protein mfd (mutation-frequency-decline) is required for bacterial resistance to the host-no-response. in both species, a mutant deficient for mfd does not survive to no, produced in vitro or by phagocytic cells. in ...	2016	27435260
a c-terminal coiled-coil region of cagl is responsible for helicobacter pylori-induced il-8 expression.	interleukin-8 (il-8) is a potent neutrophil-activating chemokine which triggers the infiltration and migration of neutrophils into areas of bacterial infection. helicobacter pylori-infected patient studies as well as animal models have revealed that h. pylori type i strains carrying an intact cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island (cag-pai) with a functional type iv secretion system (t4ss) induce il-8 expression and secretion in gastric mucosa. this gastric mucosal il-8 expression correl ...	2016	27766167
intestinal microbiota and chronic constipation.	chronic constipation is a prevalent, burdensome gastrointestinal disorder whose aetiology and pathophysiology remains poorly understood and is most likely multifactorial. differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been demonstrated when constipated patients and healthy controls have been compared. growing evidence indicates that alterations of intestinal microbiota may contribute to constipation and constipation-related symptoms. the intestinal microbiota is a collection of ...	2016	27478747
articles of significant interest selected from this issue by the editors.		2016	27422975
influence of host ecology and behavior on campylobacter jejuni prevalence and environmental contamination risk in a synanthropic wild bird species.	campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen that often leads to human infections through the consumption of contaminated poultry. wild birds may play a role in the transmission of c. jejuni by acting as reservoir hosts. despite ample evidence that wild birds harbor c. jejuni, few studies have addressed the role of host ecology in transmission to domestic animals or humans. we tested the hypothesis that host social behavior and habitat play a major role in driving transmission risk. c. jejuni in ...	2016	27260356
impact of cdt toxin on human diseases.	cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is found in gram-negative bacteria, especially in certain proteobacteria such as the pasteurellaceae family, including haemophilus ducreyi and aggregatibacter (actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, in the enterobacteriaceae family and the campylobacterales order, including the campylobacter and helicobacter species. in vitro and in vivo studies have clearly shown that this toxin has a strong effect on cellular physiology (inflammation, immune response modulatio ...	2016	27429000
may the force be with you: the light and dark sides of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatry.	the role of the gut microbiota in health and disease is becoming increasingly recognized. the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bi-directional pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal system. the bacterial commensals in our gut can signal to the brain through a variety of mechanisms, which are slowly being resolved. these include the vagus nerve, immune mediators and microbial metabolites, which influence central processes such as neurotransmission and behaviour. dysregulation in the comp ...	2016	27417321
cj0371: a novel virulence-associated gene of campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of human bacterial diarrhea worldwide. its pathogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. cj0371 is a novel gene that was uncovered using immunoscreening. there have been no previous reports regarding its function. in this study, we constructed an insertion mutant and complement of this gene in c. jejuni and examined changes in virulence. we observed that the cj0371 mutant showed significantly increased invasion and colonization ability. we also investiga ...	2016	27471500
post-marketing surveillance of human rabies diploid cell vaccine (imovax) in the vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers) in the united states, 1990‒2015.	in 1980, human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv, imovax rabies, sanofi pasteur), was licensed for use in the united states.	2016	27410239
dual repression of the multidrug eﬄux pump cmeabc by cosr and cmer in campylobacter jejuni.	during transmission and intestinal colonization, campylobacter jejuni, a major foodborne human pathogen, experiences oxidative stress. cosr, a response regulator in c. jejuni, modulates the oxidative stress response and represses expression of the cmeabc multidrug eﬄux pump. cmeabc, a key component in resistance to toxic compounds including antimicrobials and bile salts, is also under negative regulation by cmer, a tetr family transcriptional regulator. how cosr and cmer interact in binding to t ...	2016	27468281
endonuclease restriction-mediated real-time polymerase chain reaction: a novel technique for rapid, sensitive and quantitative detection of nucleic-acid sequence.	the article reported a novel methodology for real-time pcr analysis of nucleic acids, termed endonuclease restriction-mediated real-time polymerase chain reaction (et-pcr). just like pcr, et-pcr only required one pair of primers. a short sequence, which was recognized by restriction enzyme bstui, was attached to the 5' end of the forward (f) or reverse (r) pcr primer, and the new f or r primer was named ef or er. ef/er was labeled at the 5' end with a reporter dye and in the middle with a quench ...	2016	27468284
genetic characterization of commensal escherichia coli isolated from laboratory rodents.	escherichia coli, a commensal in the intestines of vertebrates, is capable of colonizing many different hosts and the environment. commensal e. coli strains are believed to be the precursor of pathogenic strains by means of acquisition of antimicrobial resistant and virulence genes. laboratory rodents are inherently susceptible to numerous known infectious agents, which could transfer virulence determinants to commensal e. coli. hence, in this study, the genetic structure of commensal e. coli fo ...	2016	27462483
evaluation of an automated system for reading and interpreting disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of fastidious bacteria.	results of disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing depend on individual visual reading of inhibition zone diameters. therefore, automated reading using camera systems might represent a useful tool for standardization. in this study, the adagio automated system (bio-rad) was evaluated for reading disk diffusion tests of fastidious bacteria. 144 clinical isolates (68 β-haemolytic streptococci, 28 streptococcus pneumoniae, 18 viridans group streptococci, 13 haemophilus influenzae, 7 mor ...	2016	27391898
distinctive recognition of flagellin by human and mouse toll-like receptor 5.	toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) is a receptor of the innate immune system that recognizes flagellin from certain bacterial species and triggers an inflammatory response. the salmonella dublin flagellin in complex with zebrafish tlr5 has been crystallized previously. in the present study, we extrapolate the structure of this complex using structure-guided mutagenesis to determine the recognition modes of human and mouse tlr5 receptors and demonstrate species-specific differences in flagellin recognit ...	2016	27391968
transgenic eimeria tenella as a vaccine vehicle: expressing tgsag1 elicits protective immunity against toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens and mice.	the surface antigen 1 of toxoplasma gondii (tgsag1) is a major immunodominant antigen and is widely considered an ideal candidate for the development of an effective recombinant vaccine against toxoplasmosis. eimeria tenella, an affinis apicomplexan parasite with t. gondii, is a potential vaccine vector carrying exogenous antigens that stimulates specific immune responses. here, we engineered tgsag1 into e. tenella and obtained a stably transfected e. tenella line (et-tgsag1). we found tgsag1 lo ...	2016	27387302
mycobacterium leprae activates toll-like receptor-4 signaling and expression on macrophages depending on previous bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination.	toll-like receptor (tlr)-1 and tlr2 have been shown to be receptors for mycobacterium leprae (m. leprae), yet it is unclear whether m. leprae can signal through alternative tlrs. other mycobacterial species possess ligands for tlr4 and genetic association studies in human populations suggest that people with tlr4 polymorphisms may be protected against leprosy. using human embryonic kidney (hek)-293 cells co-transfected with tlr4, we demonstrate that m. leprae activates tlr4. we used human macrop ...	2016	27458573
dissimilar fitness associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones influences clonal dynamics of various multiresistant bacteria.	fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones was recently shown to vary across clones of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae. the resulting dissimilar fitness should have influenced the clonal dynamics and thereby the rates of resistance for these pathogens. moreover, a similar mechanism was recently proposed for the emergence of the h30 and h30r lineages of esbl-producing e. coli and the major international ...	2016	27458434
interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut.	the microbiome has an important role in human health. changes in the microbiota can confer resistance to or promote infection by pathogenic bacteria. antibiotics have a profound impact on the microbiota that alters the nutritional landscape of the gut and can lead to the expansion of pathogenic populations. pathogenic bacteria exploit microbiota-derived sources of carbon and nitrogen as nutrients and regulatory signals to promote their own growth and virulence. by eliciting inflammation, these b ...	2016	27383983
the il-23/il-22/il-18 axis in murine campylobacter jejuni infection.	human campylobacter jejuni infections are worldwide on the rise. information about the distinct molecular mechanisms underlying campylobacteriosis, however, are scarce. in the present study we investigated whether cytokines including il-23, il-22 and il-18 sharing pivotal functions in host immunity were involved in mediating immunopathological responses upon c. jejuni infection.	2016	27385977
circulating gut-homing (α4β7+) plasmablast responses against shigella surface protein antigens among hospitalized patients with diarrhea.	developing countries are burdened with shigella diarrhea. understanding mucosal immune responses associated with natural shigella infection is important to identify potential correlates of protection and, as such, to design effective vaccines. we performed a comparative analysis of circulating mucosal plasmablasts producing specific antibodies against highly conserved invasive plasmid antigens (ipac, ipad20, and ipad120) and two recently identified surface protein antigens, pan-shigella surface ...	2016	27193041
comparative metagenome of a stream impacted by the urbanization phenomenon.	rivers and streams are important reservoirs of freshwater for human consumption. these ecosystems are threatened by increasing urbanization, because raw sewage discharged into them alters their nutrient content and may affect the composition of their microbial community. in the present study, we investigate the taxonomic and functional profile of the microbial community in an urban lotic environment. samples of running water were collected at two points in the são pedro stream: an upstream prese ...	2016	27522532
in silico proposition to predict cluster of b- and t-cell epitopes for the usefulness of vaccine design from invasive, virulent and membrane associated proteins of c. jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is the one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide. this study aims to design specific epitopes for the utility of designing peptide vaccine(s) against c. jejuni by targeting invasive, virulent and membrane associated proteins like flaa, cia, cadf, peb1, peb3 and momp.	2016	27376537
multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis: a molecular genotyping tool for paenibacillus larvae.	american foulbrood, caused by paenibacillus larvae, is the most severe bacterial disease of honey bees (apis mellifera). to perform genotyping of p. larvae in an epidemiological context, there is a need of a fast and cheap method with a high resolution. here, we propose multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva). mlva has been used for typing a collection of 209 p. larvae strains from which 23 different mlva types could be identified. moreover, the developed methodology not ...	2016	27365124
update on irritable bowel syndrome diagnostics and therapeutics.		2016	27489527
miller fisher syndrome: a case report highlighting heterogeneity of clinical features and focused differential diagnosis.	miller fisher syndrome (mfs) is a rare variant of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) that has a geographically variable incidence. it is largely a clinical diagnosis based on the cardinal clinical features of ataxia, areflexia, and opthalmoplegia, however, other neurological signs and symptoms may also be present. serological confirmation with the anti-gq1b antibody is available and allows for greater diagnostic certainty in the face of confounding symptoms. a self-limiting course is typical of mfs. ...	2016	27437164
two linked enteroinvasive escherichia coli outbreaks, nottingham, uk, june 2014.	enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) outbreaks are uncommon in europe. in june 2014, two eiec outbreaks occurred in nottingham, uk, within 2 days; outbreak a was linked to a takeaway restaurant and outbreak b to a wedding party. we conducted 2 analytical studies: a case-control study for outbreak a and a cohort study for outbreak b. we tested microbiological and environmental samples, including by using whole-genome sequencing. for both outbreaks combined, we identified 157 probable case-patie ...	2016	27314432
restaurant cooking trends and increased risk for campylobacter infection.	in the united kingdom, outbreaks of campylobacter infection are increasingly attributed to undercooked chicken livers, yet many recipes, including those of top chefs, advocate short cooking times and serving livers pink. during 2015, we studied preferences of chefs and the public in the united kingdom and investigated the link between liver rareness and survival of campylobacter. we used photographs to assess chefs' ability to identify chicken livers meeting safe cooking guidelines. to investiga ...	2016	27314748
glycan and lectin biosensors.	a short description about the importance of glycan biorecognition in physiological (blood cell type) and pathological processes (infections by human and avian influenza viruses) is provided in this review. glycans are described as much better information storage media, compared to proteins or dna, due to the extensive variability of glycan structures. techniques able to detect an exact glycan structure are briefly discussed with the main focus on the application of lectins (glycan-recognising pr ...	2016	27365034
detection of zoonotic enteropathogens in children and domestic animals in a semirural community in ecuador.	animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (lmics), where small-scale livestock production is common. in this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in ecuador between june and august 2014. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was used to assess zoonotic tran ...	2016	27208122
clinical importance of f-waves as a prognostic factor in guillain-barré syndrome in children.	a limited number of studies have examined the link between f-wave abnormalities and clinical presentation in pediatric guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). therefore, this study examined the importance of f-wave abnormalities as a prognostic factor in pediatric gbs patients.	2016	27462356
insights into campylobacter jejuni colonization and enteritis using a novel infant rabbit model.	a lack of relevant disease models for campylobacter jejuni has long been an obstacle to research into this common enteric pathogen. here we used an infant rabbit to study c. jejuni infection, which enables us to define several previously unknown but key features of the organism. c. jejuni is capable of systemic invasion in the rabbit, and developed a diarrhea symptom that mimicked that observed in many human campylobacteriosis. the large intestine was the most consistently colonized site and pro ...	2016	27357336
adhesion, biofilm formation, and genomic features of campylobacter jejuni bf, an atypical strain able to grow under aerobic conditions.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in europe. human campylobacteriosis cases are frequently associated to the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. to survive under environmental conditions encountered along the food chain, i.e., from poultry digestive tract its natural reservoir to the consumer's plate, this pathogen has developed adaptation mechanisms. among those, biofilm lifestyle has been suggested as a strategy to survive in the food environment and under ...	2016	27446042
dectin-2 recognizes mannosylated o-antigens of human opportunistic pathogens and augments lipopolysaccharide activation of myeloid cells.	lps consists of a relatively conserved region of lipid a and core oligosaccharide and a highly variable region of o-antigen polysaccharide. whereas lipid a is known to bind to the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (md2) complex, the role of the o-antigen remains unclear. here we report a novel molecular interaction between dendritic cell-associated c-type lectin-2 (dectin-2) and mannosylated o-antigen found in a human opportunistic pathogen, hafnia alvei pcm 1223, whic ...	2016	27358401
prediction of functional outcome in axonal guillain-barre syndrome.	to identify the factors that could predict the functional outcome in patients with the axonal type of guillain-barre syndrome (gbs).	2016	27446785
qnas with jorge galán.		2016	27357666
structure and functional diversity of gcn5-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat).	general control non-repressible 5 (gcn5)-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat) catalyze the transfer of an acyl moiety from acyl coenzyme a (acyl-coa) to a diverse group of substrates and are widely distributed in all domains of life. this review of the currently available data acquired on gnat enzymes by a combination of structural, mutagenesis and kinetic methods summarizes the key similarities and differences between several distinctly different families within the gnat superfamily, with an emp ...	2016	27367672
alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis.	the gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. here we use 16s rrna sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in subjects with multiple sclerosis (ms, n=60) and healthy controls (n=43). microbiome alterations in ms include increases in methanobrevibacter and akkermansia and decreases in butyricimonas, and correlate with variations in the expression of genes involved in dendritic cell maturation, interferon signalling and ...	2016	27352007
long-term clinical course of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome after shigellosis: a 10-year follow-up study.	a limited number of studies are available regarding the long-term natural history of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs). we aimed to investigate the long-term clinical course of pi-ibs.	2016	26908484
the impact of environmental conditions on campylobacter jejuni survival in broiler faeces and litter.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial food-borne pathogen within the european union, and poultry meat is an important vehicle for its transmission to humans. however, there is limited knowledge about how this organism persists in broiler litter and faeces. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of a number of environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen, on campylobacter survival in both broiler litter and faeces.	2016	27357236
"self-cleaving" 2a peptide from porcine teschovirus-1 mediates cleavage of dual fluorescent proteins in transgenic eimeria tenella.	the "self-cleaving" 2a sequence of picornavirus, which mediates ribosome-skipping events, enables the generation of two or more separate peptide products from one mrna containing one or more "self-cleaving" 2a sequences. in this study, we introduced a single 2a sequence of porcine teschovirus-1 (p2a) linked to two fluorescent protein genes, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) gene and the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene, in a single cassette into transgenic eimeria tenella (eter). ...	2016	27352927
study on the mechanism of antibacterial action of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens.	magnesium oxide nanoparticles (mgo nanoparticles, with average size of 20 nm) have considerable potential as antimicrobial agents in food safety applications due to their structure, surface properties, and stability. the aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial effects and mechanism of action of mgo nanoparticles against several important foodborne pathogens.	2016	27349516
role of clinicogenomics in infectious disease diagnostics and public health microbiology.	clinicogenomics is the exploitation of genome sequence data for diagnostic, therapeutic, and public health purposes. central to this field is the high-throughput dna sequencing of genomes and metagenomes. the role of clinicogenomics in infectious disease diagnostics and public health microbiology was the topic of discussion during a recent symposium (session 161) presented at the 115th general meeting of the american society for microbiology that was held in new orleans, la. what follows is a co ...	2016	26912755
immunization with outer membrane vesicles displaying designer glycotopes yields class-switched, glycan-specific antibodies.	the development of antibodies against specific glycan epitopes poses a significant challenge due to difficulties obtaining desired glycans at sufficient quantity and purity, and the fact that glycans are usually weakly immunogenic. to address this challenge, we leveraged the potent immunostimulatory activity of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omvs) to deliver designer glycan epitopes to the immune system. this approach involved heterologous expression of two clinically important glycans, name ...	2016	27341433
risk factors associated with campylobacter detected by pcr in humans and animals in rural cambodia.	campylobacter are worldwide-occurring zoonotic bacteria, with the species campylobacter jejuni and c. coli commonly associated with diarrhoea in children in low-income countries. in this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of c. jejuni and c. coli in human and livestock faecal samples was detected by pcr and zoonotic risk factors associated with human campylobacter positivity were identified. in total 681 humans and 753 livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle) from 269 households were sampled ...	2016	27334412
clustered intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium blocks host cell cytokinesis.	several bacterial pathogens and viruses interfere with the cell cycle of their host cells to enhance virulence. this is especially apparent in bacteria that colonize the gut epithelium, where inhibition of the cell cycle of infected cells enhances the intestinal colonization. we found that intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium induced the binucleation of a large proportion of epithelial cells by 14 h postinvasion and that the effect was dependent on an intact salmonella pathogeni ...	2016	27185791
flagellin induces β-defensin 2 in human colonic ex vivo infection with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli.	enterohemorrhagic e.coli (ehec) is an important foodborne pathogen in the developed world and can cause life-threatening disease particularly in children. ehec persists in the human gut by adhering intimately to colonic epithelium and forming characteristic attaching/effacing lesions. in this study, we investigated the innate immune response to ehec infection with particular focus on antimicrobial peptide and protein expression by colonic epithelium. using a novel human colonic biopsy model and ...	2016	27446815
synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of amixicile-based inhibitors of the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductases of anaerobic bacteria and epsilonproteobacteria.	amixicile is a promising derivative of nitazoxanide (an antiparasitic therapeutic) developed to treat systemic infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic parasites, and members of the epsilonproteobacteria (campylobacter and helicobacter). amixicile selectively inhibits pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor) and related enzymes by inhibiting the function of the vitamin b1 cofactor (thiamine pyrophosphate) by a novel mechanism. here, we interrogate the amixicile scaffold, guided by doc ...	2016	27090174
interleukin-18 mediates immune responses to campylobacter jejuni infection in gnotobiotic mice.	human campylobacter jejuni infections are progressively rising worldwide. information about the molecular mechanisms underlying campylobacteriosis, however, are limited. in the present study we investigated whether cytokines such as il-23, il-22 and il-18, which share pivotal functions in host immunity, were involved in mediating intestinal and systemic immunopathological responses upon c. jejuni infection.	2016	27322540
gelc-ms-based proteomics of chromobacterium violaceum: comparison of proteome changes elicited by hydrogen peroxide.	chromobacterium violaceum is a free-living bacillus with several genes that enables it survival under different harsh environments such as oxidative and temperature stresses. here we performed a label-free quantitative proteomic study to unravel the molecular mechanisms that enable c. violaceum to survive oxidative stress. to achieve this, total proteins extracted from control and c. violaceum cultures exposed during two hours with 8 mm hydrogen peroxide were analyzed using gelc-ms proteomics. a ...	2016	27321545
rapid detection and isolation of escherichia coli o104:h4 from milk using monoclonal antibody-coated magnetic beads.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli o104:h4 were produced by fusion of sp2/o-ag-14 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of balb/c mice, immunized with heat-inactivated and sonicated e. coli o104:h4 bacterial cells. four mabs specific for the e. coli o104:h4 lps (1e6g6, 1f4c9, 3g6g7, and 4g10d2) were characterized and evaluated for the use in a method for the detection of e. coli o104:h4 in milk samples that involves antibody conjugation to ...	2016	27379071
acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis concurrent with acquired myasthenia gravis in a west highland white terrier dog.	acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis, an animal model for the axonal form of the guillain - barre syndrome in humans and the acquired myasthenia gravis are different autoimmune disorders affecting the peripheral nerves and the neuromuscular junction, respectively. both lead to muscle weakness and possible respiratory failure. the coexistence of these two entities combined in the same patient is rare in humans and, to our knowledge, the present case is the first reported in dogs.	2016	27301259
campylobacter jejuni-associated perimyocarditis: two case reports and review of the literature.	campylobacter spp. are among the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis world-wide and mostly follow a benign course. we report two cases of campylobacter jejuni-associated perimyocarditis, the first two simultaneous cases published to date and the third and fourth cases over all in sweden, and a review of the literature.	2016	27297408
visceral hypersensitive rats share common dysbiosis features with irritable bowel syndrome patients.	to evaluate gut microbial dysbiosis in two visceral hypersensitive models in comparison with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) patients and to explore the extent to which these models capture the dysbiosis of ibs patients.	2016	27298564
a nationwide survey of pathogenic leptospires in urine of cattle and buffaloes by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method in thailand, 2011-2013.	leptospirosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis which has long been endemic in thailand. cattle and buffaloes are important livestock species that live in close contact with humans, especially in rural areas. these animals may, therefore, act as long-term carriers of leptospirosis for humans and other livestock species. the present study employed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method to detect pathogenic leptospiral 16s rdna in the urine of cattle and buffaloes for assessing ass ...	2016	27302016
clinical features, therapeutic interventions and long-term aspects of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in norwegian children: a nationwide retrospective study from 1999-2008.	hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) is a clinical triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, impaired renal function and thrombocytopenia, primarily affecting pre-school-aged children. hus can be classified into diarrhea-associated hus (d(+)hus), usually caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), and non-diarrhea-associated hus (d(-)hus), both with potentially serious acute and long-term complications. few data exists on the clinical features and long-term outcome of hus in norway. th ...	2016	27297224
tracing back clinical campylobacter jejuni in the northwest of italy and assessing their potential source.	food-borne campylobacteriosis is caused mainly by the handling or consumption of undercooked chicken meat or by the ingestion of contaminated raw milk. knowledge about the contributions of different food sources to gastrointestinal disease is fundamental to prioritize food safety interventions and to establish proper control strategies. assessing the genetic diversity among campylobacter species is essential to our understanding of their epidemiology and population structure. we molecularly char ...	2016	27379033
[hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) in children at the university hospital center in dakar: about four cases].	hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) is a common cause of organic acute renal failure (arf) in children. it is a progressive complication of acute gastroenteritis (age), especially caused by escherichia coli in children. this study aimed to describe the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this affection in four children. we collected four cases of hus. the average age was 10,5 months (5-15mois), exclusively boys. clinical examination revealed a hemolytic anemia (pallor and jaundice), ol ...	2016	27642476
cellulases and beyond: the first 70 years of the enzyme producer trichoderma reesei.	more than 70 years ago, the filamentous ascomycete trichoderma reesei was isolated on the solomon islands due to its ability to degrade and thrive on cellulose containing fabrics. this trait that relies on its secreted cellulases is nowadays exploited by several industries. most prominently in biorefineries which use t. reesei enzymes to saccharify lignocellulose from renewable plant biomass in order to produce biobased fuels and chemicals. in this review we summarize important milestones of the ...	2016	27287427
survival and risk comparison of campylobacter jejuni on various processed meat products.	the objective of this study was to investigate survival kinetics of campylobacter jejuni on various processed meat products (dry-cured ham, round ham with/without sodium nitrite, garlic seasoned ham with/without sodium nitrite, and sausage without sodium nitrite). additionally, a semi-quantitative risk assessment of c. jejuni on various processed meat products was conducted using fda-irisk 1.0. inoculated processed meat products with 6.0 ± 0.5 log cfu/g of c. jejuni were vacuum packed and stored ...	2016	27294947
drug target identification and prioritization for treatment of ovine foot rot: an in silico approach.	ovine foot rot is an infection of the feet of sheep, mainly caused by dichelobacter nodosus. in its virulent form, it is highly contagious and debilitating, causing significant losses in the form of decline in wool growth and quality and poor fertility. current methods of treatment are ineffective in complete eradication. effective antibiotic treatment of foot rot is hence necessary to ensure better outcomes during control phases by reduction in culling count and the possibility of carriers of t ...	2016	27379247
how to move an amphipathic molecule across a lipid bilayer: different mechanisms for different abc transporters?	import of β-oxidation substrates into peroxisomes is mediated by atp binding cassette (abc) transporters belonging to subfamily d. in order to enter the β-oxidation pathway, fatty acids are activated by conversion to fatty acyl-coa esters, a reaction which is catalysed by acyl-coa synthetases (acss). here, we present evidence for an unusual transport mechanism, in which fatty acyl-coa substrates are accepted by abc subclass d protein (abcd) transporters, cleaved by the transporters during transi ...	2016	27284041
environmental breviatea harbour mutualistic arcobacter epibionts.	breviatea form a lineage of free living, unicellular protists, distantly related to animals and fungi. this lineage emerged almost one billion years ago, when the oceanic oxygen content was low, and extant breviatea have evolved or retained an anaerobic lifestyle. here we report the cultivation of lenisia limosa, gen. et sp. nov., a newly discovered breviate colonized by relatives of animal-associated arcobacter. physiological experiments show that the association of l. limosa with arcobacter is ...	2016	27279223
establishing virulence associated polyphosphate kinase 2 as a drug target for mycobacterium tuberculosis.	inorganic polyphosphate (polyp) plays an essential role in microbial stress adaptation, virulence and drug tolerance. the genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes for two polyphosphate kinases (ppk-1, rv2984 and ppk-2, rv3232c) and polyphosphatases (ppx-1, rv0496 and ppx-2, rv1026) for maintenance of intracellular polyp levels. microbial polyphosphate kinases constitute a molecular mechanism, whereby microorganisms utilize polyp as phosphate donor for synthesis of atp. in the present study w ...	2016	27279366
the t6sss of pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao1 and their effectors: beyond bacterial-cell targeting.	pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many diseases such as chronic lung colonization in cystic fibrosis patients and acute infections in hospitals. the capacity of p. aeruginosa to be pathogenic toward several hosts is notably due to different secretion systems. amongst them, p. aeruginosa encodes three type six secretion systems (t6ss), named h1- to h3-t6ss, that act against either prokaryotes and/or eukaryotic cells. they are independent from each other and injec ...	2016	27376031
a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of oligosaccharides on transfer of passive immunity in neonatal dairy calves.	bacterial contamination of colostrum is common and can decrease igg absorption in neonatal calves. strategies that mitigate this situation without complicating colostrum management will benefit dairy calf health and survival.	2016	27278714
bacteriophages as weapons against bacterial biofilms in the food industry.	microbiological contamination in the food industry is often attributed to the presence of biofilms in processing plants. bacterial biofilms are complex communities of bacteria attached to a surface and surrounded by an extracellular polymeric material. their extreme resistance to cleaning and disinfecting processes is related to a unique organization, which implies a differential bacterial growth and gene expression inside the biofilm. the impact of biofilms on health, and the economic consequen ...	2016	27375566
the role of gut microflora and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory neuroendocrine system in diabetes mellitus.	the obesity epidemic has drastically impacted the state of health care in the united states. paralleling this epidemic is the incidence of diabetes mellitus, with a notable shift toward a much younger age of onset. while central to the pathogenesis of diabetes associated with obesity is the role of inflammation attributed to "adiposopathy." emerging data suggest that changes in sympathetic/parasympathetic balance regulated by the brain precede changes in the inflammatory cascade. it has now been ...	2016	27375553
characteristics of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.	acute diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in those under the age of 5 years. rotavirus is recognized as the leading cause of acute diarrhea in children, however, the contribution of bacterial pathogens as causative agents varies throughout the world. here we report a hospital-based prospective study to analyze the characteristics of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age.	2016	27267601
outer membrane vesicles displaying engineered glycotopes elicit protective antibodies.	the o-antigen polysaccharide (o-ps) component of lipopolysaccharides on the surface of gram-negative bacteria is both a virulence factor and a b-cell antigen. antibodies elicited by o-ps often confer protection against infection; therefore, o-ps glycoconjugate vaccines have proven useful against a number of different pathogenic bacteria. however, conventional methods for natural extraction or chemical synthesis of o-ps are technically demanding, inefficient, and expensive. here, we describe an a ...	2016	27274048
a role for the intestinal microbiota and virome in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (me/cfs)?	myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (me/cfs) is a heterogeneous disorder of significant societal impact that is proposed to involve both host and environmentally derived aetiologies that may be autoimmune in nature. immune-related symptoms of at least moderate severity persisting for prolonged periods of time are common in me/cfs patients and b cell depletion therapy is of significant therapeutic benefit. the origin of these symptoms and whether it is infectious or inflammatory in ...	2016	27275835
multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of mycoplasma genitalium and macrolide resistance using plexzyme and plexprime technology.	mycoplasma genitalium is a cause of non-gonoccocal urethritis (ngu) in men and cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. recent international data also indicated that the first line treatment, 1 gram stat azithromycin therapy, for m. genitalium is becoming less effective, with the corresponding emergence of macrolide resistant strains. increasing failure rates of azithromycin for m. genitalium has significant implications for the presumptive treatment of ngu and international clinical ...	2016	27271704
chloramphenicol derivatives as antibacterial and anticancer agents: historic problems and current solutions.	chloramphenicol (cam) is the d-threo isomer of a small molecule, consisting of a p-nitrobenzene ring connected to a dichloroacetyl tail through a 2-amino-1,3-propanediol moiety. cam displays a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity by specifically inhibiting the bacterial protein synthesis. in certain but important cases, it also exhibits bactericidal activity, namely against the three most common causes of meningitis, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis. ...	2016	27271676
prevalence of virulence/stress genes in campylobacter jejuni from chicken meat sold in qatari retail outlets.	chicken meat from the shelves of supermarkets in qatar was tested for the presence of campylobacter spp. and the presence of five virulence genes (htrb, cdtb, clpp, cadf and ciab) was assessed in isolates. forty eight percent of the chickens provided for supermarkets by saudi (53%) and qatari (45.9%) producers were found to be contaminated and the most important factor affecting the overall prevalence of contaminated chickens was the store from which chicken samples originated. variation in prev ...	2016	27258021
campylobacter jejuni csra regulates metabolic and virulence associated proteins and is necessary for mouse colonization.	campylobacter jejuni infection is a leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis and a common antecedent leading to gullian-barré syndrome. our previous data suggested that the rna-binding protein csra plays an important role in regulating several important phenotypes including motility, biofilm formation, and oxidative stress resistance. in this study, we compared the proteomes of wild type, csra mutant, and complemented csra mutant c. jejuni strains in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms by wh ...	2016	27257952
health-related aspects of milk proteins.	milk is an important component of a balanced diet and contains numerous valuable constituents. considerable acclaimed health benefits of milk are related to its proteins, not only for their nutritive value but also for their biological properties. scientific evidence suggests that anticarcinogenic activities, antihypertensive properties, immune system modulation, and other metabolic features of milk, are affiliated with its proteins (intact proteins or its derivatives). in this article, the main ...	2016	27980594
the source of infection and the most frequent causes of reactive arthritis in kosovo.	reactive arthritis is an autoimmune condition which emerges as a counteraction towards an infection which has a focus elsewhere in the body. the purpose of this study is isolation of causative agents of reactive arthritis and ascertains the source of infection. the study has been carried out in the rheumatology clinic in prishtina and specialized ambulance o.s. "vendenisi-al" in besiana, whereas isolation of causative agents has been carried out in the national institute for public health (niph) ...	2016	27482162
food additive p-80 impacts mouse gut microbiota promoting intestinal inflammation, obesity and liver dysfunction.	the increasing prevalence of obesity has emerged as one of the most important global public health issue. the change to the human microbiome as a result of changes in the quality and quantity of food intake over the past several decades has been implicated in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. we administered polysorbate-80 to mice via gavage. the researchers monitor liver noninvasively using a bioluminescence imaging. for the liver dysfunction we measure the liver enzymes and pa ...	2016	27430014
bacterial metabolism shapes the host-pathogen interface.	bacterial pathogens have evolved to exploit humans as a rich source of nutrients to support survival and replication. the pathways of bacterial metabolism that permit successful colonization are surprisingly varied and highlight remarkable metabolic flexibility. the constraints and immune pressures of distinct niches within the human body set the stage for understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire critical nutrients. in this article we discuss how different bacterial pathogens carry ...	2016	27337445
efficacy of cinnamon bark oil and cinnamaldehyde on anti-multidrug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa and the synergistic effects in combination with other antimicrobial agents.	the emergence of drug resistant pathogens becomes a crucial problem for infectious diseases worldwide. among these bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of which highly resists to many currently used drugs and becomes a major concern in public health. up till now, the search for potential antimicrobial agents has been still a challenge for researchers.	2016	27245046
role of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis in children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea in tabriz, iran.	diarrhea is the most frequent health problem among children in developing countries. defining the etiology of acute diarrhea is critical to disease therapy and prevention. some anaerobic bacteria such as enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) strains cause diarrheal disease by production of enterotoxin in children less than 5 years old.	2016	27635209
involvement of vitamin b6 biosynthesis pathways in the insecticidal activity of photorhabdus luminescens.	photorhabdus luminescens is a gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium which symbiotically associates with the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora p. luminescens is highly virulent to many insects and nonsymbiotic nematodes, including caenorhabditis elegans to understand the virulence mechanisms of p. luminescens, we obtained virulence-deficient and -attenuated mutants against c. elegans through a transposon-mutagenized library. from the genetic screening, we identified the p ...	2016	27060119
anti-mrsa activities of enterocins dd28 and dd93 and evidences on their role in the inhibition of biofilm formation.	methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has become a worrisome superbug. this work aimed at studying the effects of two class iib bacteriocins, enterocins dd28 and dd93 as anti-mrsa agents. thus, these bacteriocins were purified, from the cultures supernatants of enterococcus faecalis 28 and 93, using a simplified purification procedure consisting in a cation exchange chromatography and a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the anti-staphylococcal activity was shown ...	2016	27303396
olive leaf extract from sicilian cultivar reduced lipid accumulation by inducing thermogenic pathway during adipogenesis.	olive leaves contain a wide variety of phenolic compounds belonging to phenolic acids, phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, and secoiridoids, and include also many other pharmacological active compounds. they could play an important role in human diet and health because of their ability to lower blood pressure, increase coronary arteries blood flow and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of olive leaf extract (ole) from sicilian cultivar on ...	2016	27303302
recent advances in screening of anti-campylobacter activity in probiotics for use in poultry.	campylobacteriosis is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. campylobacter species involved in this infection usually include the thermotolerant species campylobacter jejuni. the major reservoir for c. jejuni leading to human infections is commercial broiler chickens. poultry flocks are frequently colonized by c. jejuni without any apparent symptoms. risk assessment analyses have identified the handling and consumption of poultry meat as one of the most important sources o ...	2016	27303366
a designed experiments approach to optimizing maldi-tof ms spectrum processing parameters enhances detection of antibiotic resistance in campylobacter jejuni.	maldi-tof ms has been utilized as a reliable and rapid tool for microbial fingerprinting at the genus and species levels. recently, there has been keen interest in using maldi-tof ms beyond the genus and species levels to rapidly identify antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. the purpose of this study was to enhance strain level resolution for campylobacter jejuni through the optimization of spectrum processing parameters using a series of designed experiments. a collection of 172 strains of ...	2016	27303397
the microbiome and mental health: looking back, moving forward with lessons from allergic diseases.	relationships between gastrointestinal viscera and human emotions have been documented by virtually all medical traditions known to date. the focus on this relationship has waxed and waned through the centuries, with noted surges in interest driven by cultural forces. here we explore some of this history and the emerging trends in experimental and clinical research. in particular, we pay specific attention to how the hygiene hypothesis and emerging research on traditional dietary patterns has he ...	2016	27121424
the csra-fliw network controls polar localization of the dual-function flagellin mrna in campylobacter jejuni.	the widespread csra/rsma protein regulators repress translation by binding gga motifs in bacterial mrnas. csra activity is primarily controlled through sequestration by multiple small regulatory rnas. here we investigate csra activity control in the absence of antagonizing small rnas by examining the csra regulon in the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni. we use genome-wide co-immunoprecipitation combined with rna sequencing to show that csra primarily binds flagellar mrnas and identify the maj ...	2016	27229370
zika virus and neurology: proving cause and effect.		2016	27230852
unique lipid anchor attaches vi antigen capsule to the surface of salmonella enterica serovar typhi.	polysaccharide capsules are surface structures that are critical for the virulence of many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. salmonella enterica serovar typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever. it produces a capsular polysaccharide known as "vi antigen," which is composed of nonstoichiometrically o-acetylated α-1,4-linked n-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid residues. this glycan is a component of currently available vaccines. the genetic locus for vi antigen production is also present in so ...	2016	27226298
engineering the campylobacter jejuni n-glycan to create an effective chicken vaccine.	campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of c. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. we constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved c. jejuni n-glycan with a protein carrier, glycotag, or fused to the escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or e. coli-d ...	2016	27221144
role of host type ia phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway components in invasin-mediated internalization of yersinia enterocolitica.	many bacterial pathogens subvert mammalian type ia phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) in order to induce their internalization into host cells. how pi3k promotes internalization is not well understood. also unclear is whether type ia pi3k affects different pathogens through similar or distinct mechanisms. here, we performed an rna interference (rnai)-based screen to identify components of the type ia pi3k pathway involved in invasin-mediated entry of yersinia enterocolitica, an enteropathogen that ...	2016	27068087
structural insights into the polyphyletic origins of glycyl trna synthetases.	glycyl trna synthetase (glyrs) provides a unique case among class ii aminoacyl trna synthetases, with two clearly widespread types of enzymes: a dimeric (α2) species present in some bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes; and a heterotetrameric form (α2β2) present in most bacteria. although the differences between both types of glyrs at the anticodon binding domain level are evident, the extent and implications of the variations in the catalytic domain have not been described, and it is unclear wheth ...	2016	27226617
a bacterial glycoengineered antigen for improved serodiagnosis of porcine brucellosis.	brucellosis is a highly zoonotic disease that affects animals and human beings. brucella suis is the etiological agent of porcine brucellosis and one of the major human brucellosis pathogens. laboratory diagnosis of porcine brucellosis mainly relies on serological tests, and it has been widely demonstrated that serological assays based on the detection of anti o-polysaccharide antibodies are the most sensitive tests. here, we validate a recombinant glycoprotein antigen, an n-formylperosamine o-p ...	2016	26984975
comparative resistance of bacterial foodborne pathogens to non-thermal technologies for food preservation.	in this paper the resistance of bacterial foodborne pathogens to manosonication (ms), pulsed electric fields (pefs), high hydrostatic pressure (hhp), and uv-light (uv) is reviewed and compared. the influence of different factors on the resistance of bacterial foodborne pathogens to these technologies is also compared and discussed. only results obtained under harmonized experimental conditions have been considered. this has allowed us to establish meaningful comparisons and draw significant conc ...	2016	27242749
bacterial β-kdo glycosyltransferases represent a new glycosyltransferase family (gt99).	kdo (3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid) is an eight-carbon sugar mostly confined to gram-negative bacteria. it is often involved in attaching surface polysaccharides to their lipid anchors. α-kdo provides a bridge between lipid a and the core oligosaccharide in all bacterial lpss, whereas an oligosaccharide of β-kdo residues links "group 2" capsular polysaccharides to (lyso)phosphatidylglycerol. β-kdo is also found in a small number of other bacterial polysaccharides. the structure and functio ...	2016	27199480
chicken anti-campylobacter vaccine - comparison of various carriers and routes of immunization.	campylobacter spp, especially the species campylobacter jejuni, are important human enteropathogens responsible for millions of cases of gastro-intestinal disease worldwide every year. c. jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen, and poultry meat that has been contaminated by microorganisms is recognized as a key source of human infections. although numerous strategies have been developed and experimentally checked to generate chicken vaccines, the results have so far had limited success. in this study, we ...	2016	27242755
multiplex, rapid, and sensitive isothermal detection of nucleic-acid sequence by endonuclease restriction-mediated real-time multiple cross displacement amplification.	we have devised a novel isothermal amplification technology, termed endonuclease restriction-mediated real-time multiple cross displacement amplification (et-mcda), which facilitated multiplex, rapid, specific and sensitive detection of nucleic-acid sequences at a constant temperature. the et-mcda integrated multiple cross displacement amplification strategy, restriction endonuclease cleavage and real-time fluorescence detection technique. in the et-mcda system, the functional cross primer e-cp1 ...	2016	27242766
intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens as affected by litter management regimens.	poultry litter is a mixture of bedding materials and enteric bacteria excreted by chickens, and it is typically reused for multiple growth cycles in commercial broiler production. thus, bacteria can be transmitted from one growth cycle to the next via litter. however, it remains poorly understood how litter reuse affects development and composition of chicken gut microbiota. in this study, the effect of litter reuse on the microbiota in litter and in chicken gut was investigated using 2 litter m ...	2016	27242676
campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia.	campylobacter jejuni is a slender, motile, non-spore-forming, helical-shaped, gram-negative bacterium. it is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. the aim of this study was to present a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (all), who was infected with campylobacter jejuni.	2016	27621914
recurrent diplopia in a pediatric patient with bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis.	introduction. acute complete external ophthalmoplegia is a rare finding in clinical practice that is associated with diseases affecting the neuromuscular junction, the oculomotor nerves, or the brainstem. ophthalmoplegia has been reported with acute ataxia in miller fisher syndrome (mfs) and bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (bbe). up to 95% of these cases are associated with anti-gq1b antibodies. only a small number of cases of anti-gq1b negative mfs have been documented in pediatric patients. ...	2016	27293928