Publications

survival of clinical and poultry-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni at a low temperature (4 degrees c).	campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and contamination of poultry has been implicated in illness. the bacteria are fastidious in terms of their temperature requirements, being unable to grow below ca. 31 degrees c, but have been found to be physiologically active at lower temperatures and to tolerate exposure to low temperatures in a strain-dependent manner. in this study, 19 field isolates of c. jejuni (10 of clinical and 9 of poultry origin) were stud ...	2001	11526022
phenotyping of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by a quantitative antibiogram [mic] typing scheme using euclidean distances [qated].	background: enteropathogenic campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are presently the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. an understanding of sources and means of transmission of campylobacter is an essential factor in order to reduce the incidence of campylobacter-related gastroenteritis in man. consequently a reproducible, sensitive and well-standardised typing scheme is critical in the successful discrimination of strains and in the subsequent investigations ...	2001	11527505
polar flagellar motility of the vibrionaceae.	polar flagella of vibrio species can rotate at speeds as high as 100,000 rpm and effectively propel the bacteria in liquid as fast as 60 microm/s. the sodium motive force powers rotation of the filament, which acts as a propeller. the filament is complex, composed of multiple subunits, and sheathed by an extension of the cell outer membrane. the regulatory circuitry controlling expression of the polar flagellar genes of members of the vibrionaceae is different from the peritrichous system of ent ...	2001	11528005
juxtaposition of an active promoter to vsp genes via site-specific dna inversions generates antigenic variation in mycoplasma bovis.	mycoplasma bovis, the most important etiological agent of bovine mycoplasmosis, undergoes extensive antigenic variation of major and highly immunogenic surface lipoprotein antigens (vsps). a family of 13 related but divergent vsp genes, which occur as single chromosomal copies, was recently found in the chromosome of m. bovis. in the present study, the molecular mechanism mediating the high-frequency phase variation of two vsps (vspa and vspc) as representatives of the vsp family was investigate ...	2001	11544233
locus of enterocyte effacement from citrobacter rodentium: sequence analysis and evidence for horizontal transfer among attaching and effacing pathogens.	the family of attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens, which includes diarrheagenic enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), remains a significant threat to human and animal health. these bacteria intimately attach to host intestinal cells, causing the effacement of brush border microvilli. the genes responsible for this phenotype are encoded in a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). citrobacter rodentium is the only ...	2001	11553577
campylobacter fetus diagnosis: direct immunofluorescence comparing chicken igy and rabbit igg conjugates.	in argentina bovine genital campylobacteriosis is routinely diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence test. generally, the hyperimmune sera used for this test are obtained from rabbits and less often from goats. in this work, a chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) extract was conjugated and its ability to detect campylobacters with the regular conjugate prepared with rabbit sera was comparatively evaluated. both conjugates were independently evaluated by two laboratories, named "azul" (lab a) and ...	2001	11565050
differentiation of campylobacter species by aflp fingerprinting.	the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting method was tested for its ability to identify and subtype the most important campylobacter species found in veterinary infections. sixty-nine reference strains and 19 clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni, campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei, campylobacter upsaliensis, campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari, campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, c. fetus subsp. venerealis, campylobacter hyointestinalis subs ...	2001	11577152
whole genome comparison of campylobacter jejuni human isolates using a low-cost microarray reveals extensive genetic diversity.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world, and yet is still a poorly understood pathogen. whole genome microarray comparisons of 11 c. jejuni strains of diverse origin identified genes in up to 30 nctc 11168 loci ranging from 0.7 to 18.7 kb that are either absent or highly divergent in these isolates. many of these regions are associated with the biosynthesis of surface structures including flagella, lipo-oligosaccharide, and the ne ...	2001	11591647
a case of campylobacter fetus endocarditis of the tricuspid valve unaccompanied by fever.		2001	11599526
campylobacter fetus uses multiple loci for dna inversion within the 5' conserved regions of sap homologs.	campylobacter fetus cells possess multiple promoterless sap homologs, each capable of expressing a surface layer protein (slp) by utilizing a unique promoter present on a 6.2-kb invertible element. each sap homolog includes a 626-bp 5' conserved region (fcr) with 74 bp upstream and 552 bp within the open reading frame. after dna inversion, the splice is seamless because the fcrs are identical. in mutant strain 23d:aca2k101, in which sapa and sapa2 flanking the invertible element in opposite orie ...	2001	11673436
campylobacter fetus pericarditis in a patient with beta-thalassemia: case report and review of the literature.	a case of pericardial effusion due to campylobacter fetus in a patient with thalassemia is presented. the patient failed to respond to ceftriaxone and clarithromycin despite in vitro susceptibility, but improved after pericardiectomy and ampicillin. pericarditis due to c. fetus has rarely been reported. a high index of suspicion is essential to recognise this organism, because of its special microbiological characteristics.	2001	11678937
bacterial genetic fingerprint: a reliable factor in the study of the epidemiology of human campylobacter enteritis?	the rate of human intestinal infections with more than a single campylobacter strain was determined and the genetic variabilities of campylobacter strains throughout an infection episode were investigated by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence pcr (eric-pcr). for 48 and 49 of 50 patients, all isolates from one sample showed identical patterns by pfge and eric-pcr, respectively. throughout an infection episode in 47 of 52 p ...	2001	11682547
identification, characterization, and variation in expression of two serologically distinct o-antigen epitopes in lipopolysaccharides of campylobacter fetus serotype a strains.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigens of campylobacter fetus serotype a and b strains were produced. eight mabs specific for serotype a lps were characterized on immunoblots of c. fetus serotype a lps. two immunoblot patterns were observed and were used to divide the eight mabs into two groups. mabs m1177 and m1194 were selected as representative of the two groups and were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to examine the lps o-antigen epitopes ...	2001	11705938
an optimised recovery method for thermophilic campylobacter from liver.	the past three decades have witnessed the rise of campylobacter enteritis in man from virtual obscurity to notoriety, with present isolation rates superseding those of other enteric pathogens such as salmonella spp. and shigella spp. in most developed countries. although campylobacters are not completely new to applied bacteriology, they have evaded traditional isolation techniques used for the isolation of pure cultures, apart from single isolations that were free from competing organisms. offa ...	2001	11741507
historical origins of current ibd concepts.		2001	11819757
polarity in action: asymmetric protein localization in bacteria.		2001	11344132
s-layer proteins.		2000	10648507
[campylobacter fetus fetus and colon adenocarcinoma].		2000	11188913
campylobacter fetus fetus abortions in vaccinated ewes.	to investigate the cause of an outbreak of ovine abortion in 1996 in a flock of 300 two-tooth (rising 2-year-old) ewes vaccinated against campylobacter fetus fetus infection and to subsequently characterise the strain of c. fetus fetus isolated from aborted foetuses.	2000	16032144
campylobacter fetus fetus abortions in vaccinated ewes - vaccine history and ongoing development.		2000	16032146
prevalence of campylobacter, arcobacter, helicobacter, and sutterella spp. in human fecal samples as estimated by a reevaluation of isolation methods for campylobacters.	the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of campylobacteria including campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (c. jejuni) and campylobacter coli in human clinical samples and in samples from healthy individuals and to reevaluate the efficacies of conventional selective methods for isolation of campylobacter spp. two charcoal-based selective media, modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mccda) and cefoperazone-amphotericin-teicoplanin (cat) agar, were compared with skirrow' ...	2000	10618103
genotyping of campylobacter spp.		2000	10618195
isolation and characterization of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from macaroni penguins (eudyptes chrysolophus) in the subantarctic region.	on bird island, south georgia, albatrosses (n = 140), penguins (n = 100), and fur seals (n = 206) were sampled for campylobacter jejuni. c. jejuni subsp. jejuni was recovered from three macaroni penguins (eudyptes chrysolophus). these isolates, the first reported for the subantarctic region, showed low genetic diversity and high similarity to northern hemisphere c. jejuni isolates, possibly suggesting recent introduction to the area.	2000	10618265
genetic characterization of campylobacter jejuni o:41 isolates in relation with guillain-barré syndrome.	campylobacter jejuni o:41 strains are found in association with guillain-barré syndrome in south africa. strains of this serotype collected over 17 years were characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism and flagellin typing to determine their clonal nature. despite minor variation in gm1 expression, all of the strains were genetically indistinguishable, indicating that they are representative of a genetically stable clone.	2000	10655404
use of defined mutants to assess the role of the campylobacter rectus s-layer in bacterium-epithelial cell interactions.	campylobacter rectus is a periodontal pathogen with a 150-kda protein on its cell surface. this protein forms a paracrystalline lattice, called the s-layer, surrounding the outer membrane of this gram-negative bacterium. to initiate a genetic analysis of the possible role of the s-layer in the initial interaction of c. rectus with host epithelial cells, c. rectus strains lacking the s-layer protein gene (crsa) were constructed by allelic exchange mutagenesis. surprisingly, the lack of the s-laye ...	2000	10678961
serum resistance in haemophilus ducreyi requires outer membrane protein dsra.	haemophilus ducreyi is resistant to killing by normal serum antibody and complement. we discovered an h. ducreyi outer membrane protein required for expression of serum resistance and termed it dsra (for "ducreyi serum resistance a"). the dsra locus was cloned, sequenced, and mutagenized. an isogenic mutant (fx517) of parent strain 35000 was constructed and characterized, and it was found to no longer express dsra. fx517 was at least 10-fold more serum susceptible than 35000. dsra was expressed ...	2000	10678980
roles of the surface layer proteins of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in ovine abortion.	the role of the surface (s)-layer proteins of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus has been investigated using an ovine model of abortion. wild-type strain 23d induced abortion in up to 90% of pregnant ewes challenged subcutaneously. isolates recovered from both dams and fetuses expressed s-layer proteins with variable molecular masses. the spontaneous s-layer-negative variant, strain 23b, neither colonized nor caused abortions in pregnant ewes. a series of isogenic sapa and reca mutants, derived fr ...	2000	10678989
polymicrobial cholangitis and liver abscess in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	cholangitis/cholangiopathy associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, low-grade fever, cholestasis, and sometimes areas of focal or diffuse dilatation of the bile ducts that may be apparent on noninvasive imaging studies. although the etiology of this biliary disease may be multifactorial, it appears to be the result of immunosuppression and/or secondary opportunistic infections rather than a direct cytopathic effect of hiv itself ...	2000	10701798
chronic atrophic gastritis in scid mice experimentally infected with campylobacter fetus.	campylobacter fetus is a cause of enteritis and invasive extraintestinal disease in humans. in order to develop an animal model of c. fetus infection, outbred icr scid mice were orally challenged with a clinical isolate of c. fetus. the stomachs of scid mice were heavily colonized with c. fetus, and colonization was associated with the development of chronic atrophic gastritis. this lesion was characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of granulocytes and macrophages that over time resulted in ...	2000	10722608
identification of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, c. upsaliensis, arcobacter butzleri, and a. butzleri-like species based on the glya gene.	currently, the detection and identification of campylobacter and arcobacter species remains arduous, largely due to cross-species phenotypic similarities and a relatively narrow spectrum of biochemical reactivity. we have developed a pcr-hybridization strategy, wherein degenerate primers are used to amplify glya fragments from samples, which are then subjected to species-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe hybridizations, to identify and distinguish between campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. ...	2000	10747131
restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using random chromosomal gene probes for epidemiological analysis of campylobacter jejuni infections.	we have evaluated the ability of a new genotyping method for campylobacter jejuni based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms using random chromosomal gene probes. dnas from c. jejuni strains digested with each of three restriction enzymes, hhai, haeiii, and hpaii, were analyzed by southern hybridization using each of two unrelated cosmid clones, p14 and p15 (respectively containing 30- and 35-kb genomic dna fragments of c. jejuni strain oh4384). the method reported provides a stable and ...	2000	10747164
a field-suitable, semisolid aerobic enrichment medium for isolation of campylobacter jejuni in small numbers.	the objective of this study was to produce an economical, easy to prepare, field-suitable enrichment medium for detection of campylobacter jejuni in small numbers. a semisolid aerobic enrichment medium was developed. rates of recovery from inoculated medium, sterile swabs, and mixed cultures of c. jejuni and coliform bacteria were tested.	2000	10747165
campylobacter lanienae sp. nov., a new species isolated from workers in an abattoir.	campylobacter-like organisms were isolated from the faeces of healthy individuals during a hygiene survey of abattoir workers. the strains, which exhibited characteristics of campylobacter, being non-glucose-fermenting, oxidase- and catalase-positive, gram-negative, motile rods, were identified to the genus level by a pcr assay. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene, dna homology experiments and determination of g + c content demonstrated that they constituted a previously undescribe ...	2000	10758898
the gale gene of campylobacter jejuni is involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and virulence.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) is one of the main virulence factors of gram-negative bacteria. the lps from campylobacter spp. has endotoxic properties and has been shown to play a role in adhesion. we previously cloned a gene cluster (wla) which is involved in the synthesis of the campylobacter jejuni 81116 lps molecule. sequence alignment of the first gene in this cluster indicated similarity with gale genes. these genes encode a udp-glucose 4-epimerase, which catalyzes the interconversion of udp-ga ...	2000	10768949
[a case report of campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus oophoritis].	a 45-year-old female with oophoritis (pelvic inflammatory disease) caused by campylobacter fetus (c. fetus) is reported. she was admitted to the hospital because of high fever and an acute abdomen. on admission, severe inflammation was observed by the laboratory findings, and abdominal x-ray and ct scan revealed ileus with marked swelling of the right ovary. laparotomy was performed with adonexooophrectomy due to the tubo-ovarian abscesses. c. fetus was isolated from the right ovary, salpinx and ...	2000	10783583
fecal shedding of campylobacter and arcobacter spp. in dairy cattle.	campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and arcobacter spp. were detected in feces of healthy dairy cows by highly specific multiplex-pcr assays. for c. jejuni, at this one-time sampling, cows from 80.6% of farm operations (n = 31) and 37.7% of individual dairy cattle fecal samples (n = 2,085) were positive. farm management factors were correlated with prevalence in herds in which >25% of cows were positive for c. jejuni. statistical significance was set at a p of 0.20. using these criteria, a ...	2000	10788372
growth supplements for helicobacter pylori.	the growth response of helicobacter pylori in broth was determined in the presence of ferrous sulfate, sodium pyruvate, and mucin (porcine stomach). the addition of either ferrous sulfate and sodium pyruvate or mucin to brain heart infusion broth with 7% horse serum (bhi-hs) enhanced the growth of h. pylori. the best growth of strain nb2-1, which was the slowest growing of 10 h. pylori strains evaluated, occurred in the presence of 0.05% ferrous sulfate and 0.05% sodium pyruvate. the addition of ...	2000	10790135
secretion of the caulobacter crescentus s-layer protein: further localization of the c-terminal secretion signal and its use for secretion of recombinant proteins.	the secretion signal of the caulobacter crescentus s-layer protein (rsaa) was localized to the c-terminal 82 amino acids of the molecule. protein yield studies showed that 336 or 242 c-terminal residues of rsaa mediated secretion of >50 mg of a cellulase passenger protein per liter to the culture fluids.	2000	10809716
analysis of the polar flagellar gene system of vibrio parahaemolyticus.	vibrio parahaemolyticus has dual flagellar systems adapted for locomotion under different circumstances. a single, sheathed polar flagellum propels the swimmer cell in liquid environments. numerous unsheathed lateral flagella move the swarmer cell over surfaces. the polar flagellum is produced continuously, whereas the synthesis of lateral flagella is induced under conditions that impede the function of the polar flagellum, e.g., in viscous environments or on surfaces. thus, the organism possess ...	2000	10850984
heat-labile serotyping of two campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from patients with guillain-barré syndrome and belonging to serotype o19 (penner)		2000	10866545
bioserogroups of campylobacter species isolated from sheep in kaduna state, nigeria.	sheep campylobacter isolates from kaduna state were characterized into their species and bioserogrouped. a total of 1100 samples were collected from kaduna abattoir and national animal production research institute (napri), shika. the samples were from 250 gallbladder, 250 intestinal contents, 100 fetal stomach contents all from kaduna abattoir while 250 rectal swabs and 250 vaginal swabs were from the napri small ruminant programme. of a total of 1100 samples, 39 (3.54%) yielded campylobacter o ...	2000	10867319
roles of fe superoxide dismutase and catalase in resistance of campylobacter coli to freeze-thaw stress.	we demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a role in freeze-thaw-induced killing of campylobacter coli following analysis of mutants deficient in key antioxidant functions. superoxide anions, but not h(2)o(2), were formed during the freeze-thaw process. however, a failure to detoxify superoxide anions may lead to spontaneous disproportionation of the radicals to h(2)o(2).	2000	10877815
antibody to heat shock protein can be used for early serological monitoring of helicobacter pylori eradication treatment.	infection with helicobacter pylori induces humoral immune responses against various antigens of the bacterium. heat shock proteins (hsps) are immunodominant antigens in various diseases including h. pylori infection. in the present study, we measured the anti-hsp antibody titers in 42 patients with h. pylori-infected peptic ulcers during a bacterial eradication study. the patients were treated with a proton pump inhibitor and antimicrobial agents to eradicate the organism. their sera were obtain ...	2000	10882654
rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni in stool specimens by an enzyme immunoassay and surveillance for campylobacter upsaliensis in the greater salt lake city area.	the alexon-trend, inc. (ramsey, minn.), prospect campylobacter microplate assay was compared with culture on a campy-cva plate (remel, lenexa, kans.) and blood-free campylobacter agar with cefoperazone (20 microg/ml), amphotericin b (10 microg/ml), and teicoplanin (4 microg/ml) (cat medium; oxoid limited, hampshire, england) with 631 patient stool samples. the cat medium was used to isolate campylobacter upsaliensis. the enzyme immunoassay (eia) had a sensitivity and a specificity of 89 and 99%, ...	2000	10921981
application of the 5'-nuclease pcr assay in evaluation and development of methods for quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading human food-borne pathogen. traditional diagnostic testing for c. jejuni is not reliable due to special growth requirements and the possibility that this bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable state. nucleic acid-based tests have emerged as a useful alternative to traditional enrichment testing. in this article, we present a 5'-nuclease pcr assay for quantitative detection of c. jejuni and describe its evaluation. a probe including positions ...	2000	10966425
comparative fingerprinting analysis of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni strains by amplified-fragment length polymorphism genotyping.	amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis with the endonucleases bglii and mfei was used to genotype 91 campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni strains from outbreaks and sporadic cases. aflp-generated fragments were labeled with fluorescent dye and separated by capillary electrophoresis. the software packages genescan and gelcompar ii were used to calculate aflp pattern similarities and to investigate phylogenetic relationships among the genotyped strains. the aflp method was compared w ...	2000	10970387
rapid detection of campylobacter fetus by polymerase chain reaction combined with non-radioactive hybridization using an oligonucleotide covalently bound to microwells.	campylobacter fetus is recognized as a human and animal pathogen. the isolation and differentiation of c. fetus in diagnostic laboratories is hindered by its relatively slow growth and lack of distinguishing biochemical characteristics. we cloned and sequenced a 1581-bp dna fragment, ig02, isolated from a c. fetus genomic library. this fragment was used as a probe on dnas extracted from c. fetus strains and other campylobacter species: ig02 hybridized only with dnas from c. fetus strains. a pcr- ...	2000	10970727
campylobacter fetus sap inversion occurs in the absence of reca function.	phase variation of campylobacter fetus surface layer proteins (slps) occurs by inversion of a 6.2-kb dna segment containing the unique sap promoter, permitting expression of a single slp-encoding gene. previous work has shown that the c. fetus sap inversion system is reca dependent. when we challenged a pregnant ewe with a reca mutant of wild-type c. fetus (strain 97-211) that expressed the 97-kda slp, 15 of the 16 ovine-passaged isolates expressed the 97-kda protein. however, one strain (97-209 ...	2000	10992468
antibodies, directed towards campylobacter jejuni antigens, in sera from poultry abattoir workers.	occupational exposure of susceptible humans to campylobacter jejuni appears to result in resistance to disease. this is believed to be due to acquired protective immunity. to support this hypothesis the levels of c. jejuni-specific igg and igm antibodies were determined in sera from poultry abattoir workers. such individuals are persistently exposed to c. jejuni, but apparently rarely acquire campylobacteriosis. sera from 43 short-term workers (employed < or = 1 month), 78 long-term workers and ...	2000	11012618
evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic methods for subtyping campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, poultry, and cattle.	six methods for subtyping of campylobacter jejuni were compared and evaluated with a collection of 90 isolates from poultry, cattle, and sporadic human clinical cases as well as from a waterborne outbreak. the applied methods were penner heat-stable serotyping; automated ribotyping (riboprinting); random amplified polymorphic dna typing (rapd); pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge); restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the flagellin gene, flaa (fla-rflp); and denaturing gradient gel el ...	2000	11015406
evaluation of the alexon-trend prospect campylobacter microplate assay.	we evaluated stool specimens known to contain or be free of campylobacter by traditional culture, using the prospect campylobacter microplate assay (alexon-trend, ramsey, minn.). this rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of campylobacter-specific antigens demonstrated 96% sensitivity and 99% specificity and is an acceptable alternative method of campylobacter detection.	2000	11015419
fatal prosthetic valve endocarditis due to campylobacter fetus.	campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus has a predilection for vascular endothelium. this report describes a case of a prosthetic valve infective endocarditis due to this microorganism. despite adequate antibiotic combination treatment, valvular vegetations and perivalvular suppurative complications evolved, leading to valvular dysfunction, heart failure and death. only three other cases of c. fetus prosthetic valve endocarditis have been described previously. campylobacter fetus bacteraemia must b ...	2000	11023767
detection and characterization of autoagglutination activity by campylobacter jejuni.	in several gram-negative bacterial pathogens, autoagglutination (aag) activity is a marker for interaction with host cells and virulence. campylobacter jejuni strains also show aag, but this property varies considerably among strains. to examine the characteristics of c. jejuni aag, we developed a quantitative in vitro assay. for strain 81-176, which shows high aag, activity was optimal for cells grown for < or = 24 h, was independent of growth temperature, and was best measured for cells suspen ...	2000	11035721
[campylobacter fetus fetus: an infection in immunosuppressed patients unknown in hemodialysis].		2000	11039269
analysis of the role of reca in phenotypic switching of pseudomonas tolaasii.	switching between the pathogenic smooth (1116s) and nonpathogenic rough (1116r) forms of pseudomonas tolaasii occurs due to the reversible duplication of a 661-bp element within the phen locus. disruption of the chromosomal reca locus of 1116s and 1116r produced strains 1116sreca and 1116rreca, respectively, which showed typical loss of uv resistance. switching from the smooth to the rough form was virtually eliminated in the 1116sreca strain, whereas the extent of switching from the rough to th ...	2000	11053404
identification of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni by use of a fluorogenic pcr assay.	fluoroquinolones are one class of antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat severe campylobacter jejuni infection. c. jejuni strains resistant to high levels of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (mic >/=16 microg/ml) have been predominantly characterized with a c-->t transition in codon 86 of gyra. the gyra gene encodes one subunit of dna gyrase, which is a primary target for fluoroquinolone antibiotics. this study establishes a rapid pcr-based taqman method for identifying ciprofloxacin-resis ...	2000	11060054
sialylation of lipooligosaccharide cores affects immunogenicity and serum resistance of campylobacter jejuni.	three genes involved in biosynthesis of the lipooligosaccharide (los) core of campylobacter jejuni msc57360, the type strain of the hs:1 serotype, whose structure mimics gm(2) ganglioside, have been cloned and characterized. mutation of genes encoding proteins with homology to a sialyl transferase (cstii) and a putative n-acetylmannosamine synthetase (neuc1), part of the biosynthetic pathway of n-acetylneuraminic acid (neunac), have identical phenotypes. the los cores of these mutants display id ...	2000	11083778
recurring febrile illness in a slaughterhouse worker.	a slaughterhouse worker presented with fever and a pleuropericardial effusion. conventional microbiology failed to identify the responsible organism. however, dna sequencing definitively identified campylobacter fetus ssp fetus, which is rare in immunocompetent individuals. prolonged treatment was required to eradicate the infection.	2000	11085771
campylobacter contamination of raw meat and poultry at retail sale: identification of multiple types and comparison with isolates from human infection.	campylobacter species are the major cause of acute bacterial enteritis reported in the united kingdom, nonetheless many aspects of campylobacteriosis epidemiology remain poorly understood. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in fresh bovine, ovine, and porcine liver and chicken portions from retail outlets and compare strain subtype distributions with those associated with cases of human campylobacteriosis occurring within the same ...	2000	11131886
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by campylobacter fetus in budd-chiari syndrome without liver cirrhosis.		1999	9928769
the polar flagellar motor of vibrio cholerae is driven by an na+ motive force.	vibrio cholerae is a highly motile bacterium which possesses a single polar flagellum as a locomotion organelle. motility is thought to be an important factor for the virulence of v. cholerae. the genome sequencing project of this organism is in progress, and the genes that are highly homologous to the essential genes of the na+-driven polar flagellar motor of vibrio alginolyticus were found in the genome database of v. cholerae. the energy source of its flagellar motor was investigated. we exam ...	1999	10074090
evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of identification of food-borne pathogens by automated bacterial identification systems.	the performances of five automated microbial identification systems, relative to that of a reference identification system, for their ability to accurately and repeatedly identify six common food-borne pathogens were assessed. the systems assessed were the microlog system (biolog inc., hayward, calif.), the microbial identification system (mis; midi inc., newark, del.), the vitek system (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.), the microscan walkaway 40 system (dade-microscan international, west sacra ...	1999	10074506
[campylobacter fetus bacteremia and thrombophlebitis in a patient with waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia].	we report a 67-year-old male with waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia who developed campylobacter fetus subspesis fetus (c. fetus) bacteremia and thrombophlebitis. the patient developed a fever and pain in his left lower limb, and could not walk because of the pain. radioisotopic venography showed thrombophlebitis in his left lower limb. his blood culture grew c. fetus. after starting intravenous papm/bp, his symptoms resolved promptly. in contrast to campylobacter jejuni which is a common cause of ...	1999	10077907
pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis caused by campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus. a case report.	clinical observation of a patient.	1999	10101824
detection of small numbers of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples by a seminested pcr assay.	a rapid and sensitive assay was developed for detection of small numbers of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples. water and sewage samples were filtered, and the filters were enriched overnight in a nonselective medium. the enrichment cultures were prepared for pcr by a rapid and simple procedure consisting of centrifugation, proteinase k treatment, and boiling. a seminested pcr based on specific amplification of the intergenic sequen ...	1999	10103261
[campylobacter fetus sepsis, pulmonary thromboembolism and an occult neoplasm].		1999	10193005
cloning and characterization of two bistructural s-layer-rtx proteins from campylobacter rectus.	campylobacter rectus is an important periodontal pathogen in humans. a surface-layer (s-layer) protein and a cytotoxic activity have been characterized and are thought to be its major virulence factors. the cytotoxic activity was suggested to be due to a pore-forming protein toxin belonging to the rtx (repeats in the structural toxins) family. in the present work, two closely related genes, csxa and csxb (for c. rectus s-layer and rtx protein) were cloned from c. rectus and characterized. the cs ...	1999	10198015
recurrent "flexispira rappini" bacteremia in an adult patient undergoing hemodialysis: case report.	a blood culture from a 65-year-old febrile man undergoing hemodialysis revealed, 5 days after inoculation, an unusual gram-negative fusiform rod with darting motility. during another episode of fever 21 days later, this campylobacter-like organism was again recovered from three blood cultures and subcultured under an h2-enriched microaerobic atmosphere. the organism was catalase negative and oxidase positive and hydrolyzed urea rapidly. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a ...	1999	10203478
sequence analysis of the gyra and parc homologues of a wild-type strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants.	vibrio parahaemolyticus causes seafood-borne gastroenteritis in humans. it is particularly important in japan, where raw seafood is frequently consumed. fluoroquinolone is one of the current drugs of choice for treating patients infected by v. parahaemolyticus because resistant strains are rarely found. to study a possible fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism in this organism, nucleotide sequences that are homologous to known gyra and parc genes have been cloned from v. parahaemolyticus aq3815 a ...	1999	10223929
generation of a superoxide dismutase (sod)-deficient mutant of campylobacter coli: evidence for the significance of sod in campylobacter survival and colonization.	the microaerophilic nature of campylobacter species implies an inherent sensitivity towards oxygen and its reduction products, particularly the superoxide anion. the deleterious effects of exposure to superoxide radicals are counteracted by the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod). we have shown previously that campylobacter coli possesses an iron cofactored sod. the sodb gene of c. coli ua585 was insertionally inactivated by the site-specific insertion of a teto cassette. organisms harboring ...	1999	10347040
subtyping of haemophilus influenzae strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	a total of 200 isolates of haemophilus influenzae were analyzed by serotyping, biotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). a total of 178 epidemiologically unrelated strains of h. influenzae demonstrated a variety of genome patterns by pfge, and 165 genotypes were thus obtained in this study. pfge typing proved to have a much stronger discriminatory power than either serotyping or biotyping. six serotype b strains were all classified into discrete genotypes. a pfge analysis of 18 str ...	1999	10364576
evaluation of the anaeropack campylo system for growth of microaerophilic bacteria.	growth of microaerophilic bacteria in the anaeropack campylo (mitsubishi gas chemical america, inc., new york, n.y.) atmosphere generation system was compared to growth in the campypak plus jar and campypak pouch (becton-dickinson microbiology systems [bdms], cockeysville, md.). growth in the anaeropack campylo system was considered equivalent to or better than growth obtained in the campypak plus and campypak pouch systems for 48 of the 50 helicobacter pylori strains and for all 28 campylobacte ...	1999	10364622
fused and overlapping rpob and rpoc genes in helicobacters, campylobacters, and related bacteria.	the genes coding for the beta (rpob) and beta' (rpoc) subunits of rna polymerase are fused in the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori but separate in other taxonomic groups. to better understand how the unique fused structure evolved, we determined dna sequences at and around the rpob-rpoc junction in 10 gastric and nongastric species of helicobacter and in members of the related genera wolinella, arcobacter, sulfurospirillum, and campylobacter. we found the fusion to be specific to helicobacte ...	1999	10368167
campylobacter fetus infection of a previously excluded popliteal aneurysm.		1999	10388646
an uncommon helicobacter isolate from blood: evidence of a group of helicobacter spp. pathogenic in aids patients.	an unusual helicobacter sp. was isolated from the blood of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patient. this organism had spiral morphology, with single amphitrichous flagella, and was negative for hippurate hydrolysis, production of urease, and reduction of nitrate. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis verified that the isolate was a species of helicobacter, most closely related to an undescribed helicobacter-like isolate from vancouver, british columbia, canada, and to helicobacter westme ...	1999	10405434
health status of bulls used for natural breeding on farms in south west scotland.	one hundred and nine breeding bulls were examined during the period november 1992 to june 1993 on farms in south west scotland for evidence of infectious diseases associated with breeding. preputial washings were collected to screen for campylobacter fetus venerialis, together with serial blood samples to assess their seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), leptospira hardjo and bovine herpes virus-4 (bhv-4). the possible impact of natural mating on ...	1999	10416365
characterization of a haemophilus ducreyi mutant deficient in expression of cytolethal distending toxin.	haemophilus ducreyi expresses a soluble cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) that kills hela, hep-2, and other human epithelial cells in vitro. h. ducreyi cdt activity is encoded by a three-gene cluster (cdtabc), and antibody to the cdtc gene product can neutralize cdt activity in vitro (l. d. cope, s. r. lumbley, j. l. latimer, j. klesney-tait, m. k. stevens, l. s. johnson, m. purven, r. s. munson, jr., t. lagergard, j. d. radolf, and e. j. hansen, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 94:4056-4061, 1997). c ...	1999	10417154
direct analysis and identification of helicobacter and campylobacter species by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.	campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter fetus, and campylobacter coli were compared with helicobacter pylori and helicobacter mustelae by direct analysis of individual cultured colonies in 50% methanol-water with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (maldi-tof ms). h. pylori and campylobacter species from blood agar culture produced unique, complex spectra with over 25 different ions in mass/charge (m/z) range from 2,000 to 62,000. a biomarker for h. pylori ...	1999	10464475
comparative studies of mutations in animal isolates and experimental in vitro- and in vivo-selected mutants of salmonella spp. suggest a counterselection of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in the field.	the occurrence of mutations in the genes coding for gyrase (gyra and gyrb) and topoisomerase iv (pare and parc) of salmonella typhimurium experimental mutants selected in vitro and in vivo and of 138 nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella field isolates was investigated. the sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining region of these genes in highly fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants (mics of 4 to 16 microg/ml) revealed the presence of gyra mutations at codons corresponding to gly-81 or ser-8 ...	1999	10471553
genetics of o-antigen biosynthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	pathogenic bacteria produce an elaborate assortment of extracellular and cell-associated bacterial products that enable colonization and establishment of infection within a host. lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecules are cell surface factors that are typically known for their protective role against serum-mediated lysis and their endotoxic properties. the most heterogeneous portion of lps is the o antigen or o polysaccharide, and it is this region which confers serum resistance to the organism. pse ...	1999	10477307
campylobacter bacteremia and pneumonia in two splenectomized patients.	two patients with beta thalassemia who had undergone splenectomy for hypersplenism were admitted to the hospital with high fever and lobar pneumonia. neither patient had gastrointestinal symptoms. campylobacter bacteremia was diagnosed in both patients. campylobacter jejuni was identified in the first patient and campylobacter fetus in the second. both patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and recovered fully.	1999	10482027
evaluation of a truncated recombinant flagellin subunit vaccine against campylobacter jejuni.	a recombinant protein comprising the maltose-binding protein (mbp) of escherichia coli fused to amino acids 5 to 337 of the flaa flagellin of campylobacter coli vc167 was evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against challenge by a heterologous strain of campylobacter, campylobacter jejuni 81-176, in two murine models. the sequence of the flaa gene of strain 81-176 revealed a predicted protein which was 98.1% similar to that of vc167 flaa over the region expressed in the fusion pr ...	1999	10531231
rapid identification of campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter isolates by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16s rrna gene.	a rapid two-step identification scheme based on pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the 16s rrna gene was developed in order to differentiate isolates belonging to the campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter genera. for 158 isolates (26 reference cultures and 132 clinical isolates), specific rflp patterns were obtained and species were successfully identified by this assay.	1999	10565952
identification of two novel genes encoding 97- to 99-kilodalton outer membrane proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae.	two genes encoding 97- to 99-kda chlamydia pneumoniae vr1310 outer membrane proteins (omp4 and omp5) with mutual similarity were cloned and sequenced. the proteins were shown to be constituents of the c. pneumoniae outer membrane complex, and the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to those of putative outer membrane proteins encoded by the chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis gene families. by use of a monospecific polyclonal antibody against purified recombinant omp4, it was show ...	1999	9864239
campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus brain abscess.		1998	9892545
the capsule and s-layer: two independent and yet compatible macromolecular structures in bacillus anthracis.	bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. fully virulent bacilli are toxinogenic and capsulated. two abundant surface proteins, including the major antigen, are components of the b. anthracis surface layer (s-layer). the b. anthracis paracrystalline s-layer has previously only been found in noncapsulated vegetative cells. here we report that the s-layer proteins are also synthesized under conditions where the poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid caps ...	1998	9422592
effect of low temperatures on growth, structure, and metabolism of campylobacter coli sp10.	the effect of low temperatures on the survival, structure, and metabolism of campylobacter coli sp10, a virulent strain, was investigated. c. coli became nonculturable rapidly at 20 and 10 degree c and slightly later at 4 degrees c. incubation in a microaerobic atmosphere improved survival, but after day 8, campylobacters were detectable by direct-count procedures only. the increase in the number of coccoid cells was most pronounced at 37 degrees c but also was noticeable at 20 and 10 degrees c. ...	1998	9464397
extended survival and persistence of campylobacter spp. in water and aquatic biofilms and their detection by immunofluorescent-antibody and -rrna staining.	in water microcosm experiments, the survival times of campylobacter isolates differed by up to twofold, as determined by culturing; this difference increased to fourfold when particular combinations of temperature and oxygenation were used. the mean survival times were much longer at 4 and 10 degrees c (202 and 176 h, respectively) than at 22 and 37 degrees c (43 and 22 h, respectively). the influence of anaerobiosis on survival time was less dramatic and differed considerably between isolates. ...	1998	9464415
serotyping scheme for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli based on direct agglutination of heat-stable antigens.	campylobacter is now the most frequently reported cause of gastrointestinal disease in england and wales, yet few isolates are characterized beyond the genus level. the majority of isolates are campylobacter jejuni (90%), with most of the remainder being campylobacter coli. we describe an adaptation of the penner serotyping scheme in which passive hemagglutination has been replaced by detection of heat-stable antigens by direct bacterial agglutination; absorbed antisera are used where appropriat ...	1998	9466737
a new member of the s-layer protein family: characterization of the crs gene from campylobacter rectus.	strains of the periodontal pathogen campylobacter rectus express a 150- to 166-kda protein on their cell surface. this protein forms a paracrystalline lattice, called the surface layer (s-layer), on the outer membrane of this gram-negative bacterium. to initiate a genetic analysis of the function of the s-layer in the pathogenesis of c. rectus, we have cloned and characterized its gene. the s-layer gene (crs) from c. rectus 314 encodes a cell surface protein which does not have a cleaved signal ...	1998	9529076
development of quinolone-resistant campylobacter fetus bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.	campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus has been recognized as a cause of systemic illness in immunocompromised hosts, including relapsing bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. acquired resistance to quinolone therapy, while reported for a variety of bacteria, including campylobacter jejuni, has not been previously documented for c. fetus. two cases of quinolone-resistant c. fetus bacteremia were detected in hiv-infected patients. cloning and nucleotide sequencing of t ...	1998	9534967
evidence of genomic instability in campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry.	poultry isolates of campylobacter jejuni derived from a survey of meat processing batches were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of chromosomal dna to establish the clonal relationships between single-colony isolates. in the majority of batches studied, one or two genotype patterns predominated. however, in one batch (batch a), 21 single-colony isolates gave 14 different pfge genotypes. the banding patterns obtained with smai were sufficiently different to distinguish between ...	1998	9572956
immunoglobulin g, plasma cells, and lymphocytes in the murine vagina after vaginal or parenteral immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2.	this investigation evaluated immunity to vaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection after local or parenteral immunization with attenuated hsv-2. vaginal immunization induced sterilizing immunity against challenge with a high dose of wild-type virus, whereas parenteral immunizations protected against neurologic disease but did not entirely prevent infection of the vagina. vaginal immunization caused 86- and 31-fold increases in the numbers of immunoglobulin g (igg) plasma cells in the ...	1998	9573285
the campylobacter fetus s layer is not essential for initial interaction with hep-2 cells.	in vitro adherence assays were used to determine whether the s layer mediated interactions between campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis strains and hep-2 cells. at multiplicity of infection ratios ranging from 0.1:1 through 100:1, quantitation of bacterial adherence by light microscopy revealed that s layer deficient isogenic c. fetus 809k and c. fetus 810k were not less efficient in their attachment to hep-2 cells; either s layer deficient c. fetus strains interacted with hep-2 cells in greate ...	1998	9606907
lectin-binding sites in uterus and oviduct of normal and campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis-infected heifers.	this study was carried out to investigate the effect of infection with campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (cfv) on the pattern of lectin binding in the uterus and oviduct of heifers. cfv persistence was demonstrated by bacterial isolation and immunofluorescence. infected animals showed variations in the lectin binding pattern when compared with control animals. cfv-infected heifers showed an increased expression of galactose and n-acetyl-galactosamine in the endometrial glands (pna and sba bi ...	1998	9615192
the caulobacter crescentus paracrystalline s-layer protein is secreted by an abc transporter (type i) secretion apparatus.	caulobacter crescentus is a gram-negative bacterium that produces a two-dimensional crystalline array on its surface composed of a single 98-kda protein, rsaa. secretion of rsaa to the cell surface relies on an uncleaved c-terminal secretion signal. in this report, we identify two genes encoding components of the rsaa secretion apparatus. these components are part of a type i secretion system involving an abc transporter protein. these genes, lying immediately 3' of rsaa, were found by screening ...	1998	9620954
epidemiological typing of campylobacter isolates from meat processing plants by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, fatty acid profile typing, serotyping, and biotyping.	campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. foods of animal origin, particularly under-cooked poultry, are common sources of campylobacter species associated with disease in humans. a collection of 110 campylobacter jejuni and 31 c. coli human and environmental isolates from different ontario, canada, abattoirs were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, fatty acid profile typing, and biotyping. previously collected serotyping data for the same isolates were also ...	1998	9647797
microtiter assay for detecting campylobacter spp. and helicobacter pylori with surface gangliosides which bind cholera toxin.	campylobacter jejuni with gm1 ganglioside in the core of its lipopolysaccharide has been associated with guillain-barré syndrome. since this epitope may be of considerable pathophysiologic importance and since this ganglioside binds cholera toxin, a rapid screening assay to detect bacteria that bind cholera toxin as an indication of gm1 on their surfaces was developed. in the assay, bacterial lawns were grown on agar plates, harvested with phosphate-buffered saline, boiled, and incubated with a ...	1998	9650959
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 59 strains of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus.	the susceptibilities of 59 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolates to eight antibiotics were studied by the agar dilution, e-test, and disk diffusion methods. none of the isolates were beta-lactamase producers. all were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, imipenem, and meropenem as determined by the three methods, with mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) (determined by agar dilution) of 2, 1, < or = 0.06, and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. twenty-seven percent of the ...	1998	9661033
campylobacter species and guillain-barré syndrome.	since the eradication of polio in most parts of the world, guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) has become the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. gbs is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by weakness, usually symmetrical, evolving over a period of several days or more. since laboratories began to isolate campylobacter species from stool specimens some 20 years ago, there have been many reports of gbs following campylobacter infection. only during the past f ...	1998	9665983