Publications

pulsed-field gel electrophoresis applied for comparing listeria monocytogenes strains involved in outbreaks.	recent food-borne outbreaks of human listeriosis as well as numerous sporadic cases have been mainly caused by listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b strains. thus, it was of interest to find out whether a certain clone or a certain few clones were responsible for these cases and especially for outbreaks. we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large chromosomal dna restriction fragments generated by apai, smai, or noti to analyse 75 l. monocytogenes strains isolated during six major and eight sm ...	1993	8500010
hiv infection as leading cause of death among young adults in us cities and states.	to describe the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has become the leading cause of death among young adults (25 to 44 years of age) in us states and cities of at least 100,000 population.	1993	8501840
hiv risk among latino adolescents in two new england cities.	latino adolescents in two urban new england areas were surveyed to assess risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission.	1993	8214227
new england medical center integrates data into human resources decisions.		1992	10135793
human resources executives help employees balance professional and family needs.		1992	10135818
the practical zealot. interview by joe flower.	in 1987, ellen gaucher took an unusual trip. as senior associate director of the university of michigan's sprawling 11,000-employee medical center, she was invited to a conference about a movement that was rapidly growing in the word of business--total quality. the occasion was the organizational conference of the national demonstration project on quality improvement in health care, led by the harvard community health plan in boston. gaucher was skeptical at first. total quality seemed a great w ...	1992	10116129
achieving a multicultural service orientation. adaptive models in service delivery and race and culture training.	human beings cannot be tossed together under the assumption that well-intentioned care will create a harmonious union. a multicultural service orientation does not eliminate all problems, but it does help reduce the likelihood of racial and cultural conflict between caregiver and client.	1992	10117714
the health of children adopted from romania.	to determine the medical condition of romanian adoptees and the effects of the romanian orphanage system on their health.	1992	1281241
time trends in high-risk injection practices in a multi-site study in massachusetts: effects of enrollment site and residence.	time trends in needle sharing and bleach use were examined among needle users enrolled at drug abuse treatment and nontreatment sites in greater worcester, ma, from 1987 through 1989. substantial declines in high-risk behavior were found, with different trends at drug treatment versus nontreatment sites. the percentage of individuals sharing needles declined at treatment facilities but not at nontreatment sites. among those sharing, the proportion using bleach increased at both drug treatment an ...	1992	1322686
human psittacosis linked to a bird distributor in mississippi--massachusetts and tennessee, 1992.	during april-may 1992, cdc was notified of a possible outbreak of psittacosis involving members of two families in massachusetts and tennessee who had recently purchased birds as pets. in the subsequent investigation of this problem, human psittacosis was defined as a fourfold rise in complement-fixing antibody titer to > or = 32 or a single titer of > or = 32 in a patient with fever and/or respiratory symptoms. this report summarizes the investigation of this problem.	1992	1406575
who was morton prince?	morton prince, a boston neurologist, founded the journal of abnormal psychology in 1906 as an outlet especially for those who took a psychogenic view of neurotic disorders. through experiments with hypnotism, he added appreciably to knowledge of subconscious and coconscious mental processes; the dissociation of a personality (prince, 1905) still ranks as a classic. he early saw that studying normal people in the depth and detail with which one studied patients could make significant contribution ...	1992	1430597
a socioeconomic analysis of digital replantations resulting from home use of power tools.	forty-seven digits in 21 patients who sustained partial or complete amputations from the home use of power tools were replanted or revascularized during a 1-year period. this represented 69% of the microvascular surgery performed for hand injuries during that year. the cost of repairing an average of 2.4 digits was $7000 (surgeon's fee) plus $697 per hour (operating room fee), as per fiscal year 1987. postoperative hospitalization averaged 15 days at a cost of $15,679. hand rehabilitation averag ...	1992	1430934
the relation between hospital experience and mortality for patients with aids.	to determine whether there is an association between mortality and hospital acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) experience for all aids-related diagnoses, and to determine whether the association is explained by differences in severity of illness, earlier discharge of terminally ill patients, or differences in resource use.	1992	1433685
vegetation structure influences the burden of immature ixodes dammini on its main host, peromyscus leucopus.	to determine whether the relative abundance of immature ixodes dammini (the vector of lyme disease and human babesiosis) is related to habitat structure, we examined tick burdens on their main host, the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), in 4 structurally diverse sites on great island, massachusetts, usa. vegetation structure at each site was quantified with respect to 25 habitat variables. principal components analysis was used to reduce this set of habitat variables to seven new and ort ...	1992	1437266
perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection: extent of clinical recognition in a population-based cohort. massachusetts pediatric hiv surveillance working group.	to evaluate factors that may affect the timely diagnosis of children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we compared data derived from two population-based pediatric hiv studies. data from anonymous newborn hiv serosurveys were used to estimate the number of children born to hiv-seropositive mothers. a statewide active surveillance project determined the number of hiv-exposed children who had been clinically recognized. of 88,732 massachusetts newborn specimens tested anonymously ...	1992	1454436
human babesiosis in new york state: an epidemiological description of 136 cases.	epidemiological data on 136 cases of human babesiosis reported from laboratories and clinicians in the state of new york from 1982 to 1991 were reviewed. all but two patients, who had traveled to nantucket island in massachusetts, acquired disease in suffolk county, long island. the highest average age-group-specific annual incidence rates occurred among men > or = 80 years of age (7.72 per 100,000) and among women 70-79 years of age (3.61 per 100,000). seven patients (5%) had previously undergo ...	1992	1457632
[the man and the woman behind the syndrome. a man and a woman behind the cronkhite-canada syndrome. a rare gastrointestinal polyposis with changes in the hair, skin and nails].		1992	1461020
computer-based interview for screening blood donors for risk of hiv transmission.	to test the ability of a computer-based interview to detect factors related to the risk of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among potential blood donors and to determine donor reactions to the use of the interview.	1992	1507376
corporate funding of human services agencies.	this article reviews national trends in the organization of corporate giving to human services agencies, examines how corporations make funding decisions, and reports the results of a case study of philanthropic giving among 29 companies in cambridge, massachusetts. the study found that most corporations use an informal rather than a formal process for making funding decisions, with many firms relying on tradition, social contacts, and intuition to guide allocations. suggestions that social serv ...	1992	1514129
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in parturients at boston city hospital: implications for public health and obstetric practice.	we measured the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in women seeking reproductive services.	1992	1530014
alcohol consumption and mortality in an american male population: recovering the u-shaped curve--findings from the normative aging study.	several prospective studies have suggested that moderate alcohol consumption may offer protection against total and coronary heart disease (chd) mortality. these studies have been criticized for failing to control for changes in drinking and the influence of comorbidity on consumption decisions. in the present study, we examined whether rates of death from all causes and from chd were related to overall consumption as well as variability in or problems with drinking. in 1973, a drinking question ...	1992	1556854
compliance with zidovudine therapy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1: a cross-sectional study in a municipal hospital clinic.	to determine the extent of and clinical variables associated with zidovudine compliance.	1992	1580296
risks of cancer associated with long-term exposure to puva in humans: current status--1991.	since 1975 oral 8-methoxypsoralen administered in association with ultraviolet-a radiation (uva), (puva) has been widely used to treat psoriasis and other cutaneous diseases. puva is mutagenic, and in animals carcinogenic. prospective study of a cohort of patients with psoriasis who were first treated with puva in 1975-1976 has provided data on the carcinogenic risk of this treatment. there is a dose-dependent increase in the risk of squamous cell cancer of the skin associated with exposure to p ...	1992	1617196
attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy: a model of adolescents' hiv-related sexual risk behavior.	using data from a cross-sectional, statewide survey of 1,720 texas ninth graders in 13 school districts, a model of psychosocial predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related sexual risk behavior was tested. predictor variables in the model, based on variables from the theory of reasoned action and social learning theory, were attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions. attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy predicted 36.4% of the variance in the intention to limit the nu ...	1992	1618632
serial assessment of left ventricular function and mass after orthotopic heart transplantation: a 4-year longitudinal study.	long-term changes in left ventricular performance and geometry in the transplanted human heart have been incompletely described. therefore, two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed on 22 recipients of an orthotopic heart transplant at 1 month (32 +/- 20 days), 1 year (11 +/- 3 months) and 4 years (54 +/- 9 months) after transplantation. all studies were performed at a time when the patient had no pathologic evidence of rejection. ten healthy men served as a normal control group. over 4 yea ...	1992	1729347
parasitology screening of latin american children in a primary care clinic.	a screening program based in a massachusetts community hospital primary care clinic, which included 124 children from 12 different latin american countries, demonstrated that nearly 35% were carriers of pathogenic parasites. the large majority (83.7%) of these children were asymptomatic at the time of the examination. although there may be considerable variation based on country of origin, the present results, as well as a review of the literature, suggest this is likely to be a common finding a ...	1992	1734397
being a physician and being ethical.		1992	11651450
condom availability in a small town: lessons from falmouth, massachusetts.	condom availability was approved october 1991 by the falmouth, massachusetts school committee. in early 1992, condom vending machines were installed in high school restrooms in falmouth. the massachusetts education board in august 1991 urged local schools to make condoms available; in 1990 the policy was to integrate hiv/aids education within comprehensive health education and human services programs. cambridge was the first to adopt a condom availability plan, which was in effect in march 19 ...	1992	12317949
care and protection of beth.	the supreme judicial court of massachusetts upheld the lower court's "do not resuscitate" (dnr) order regarding a five-year-old child who had been in an irreversible coma since infancy. although dnr orders generally do not require judicial review, the fact that both parents were minors and the mother and child were in the custody of the department of social services necessitated judicial involvement. using the doctrine of substituted judgment, the court determined that the incompetent child woul ...	1992	12041221
rust v. sullivan.	the federal public health service act specifies that no title x funds used for family planning services "shall be used in programs where abortion is a method of family planning." in 1988, the secretary of health and human services promulgated regulations that prohibited title x projects from abortion counseling, referral, or advocacy. various title x doctors sued, alleging violations of their first and fifth amendment rights. the supreme court found the regulations to be a permissible constru ...	1991	12041295
us refuses to issue entry visas to people with hiv / aids.	the us government, ignoring the almost unanimous recommendation of medical and public health experts throughout the world, continues to ban both immigration and travel by people with hiv. following recommendations from the us centers for disease control and prevention, the us department of health and human services indicated its intention to reduce the list of dangerous and contagious diseases for excluding entry to the us to include only active tuberculosis. that decision would have removed h ...	1991	12179700
knowledge about hiv and behavioral risks of foreign-born boston public school students.	in 1990, 3049 boston public middle and high school students were surveyed anonymously in english, spanish, vietnamese, chinese, french, or haitian creole. significantly fewer immigrant students, 35% of those surveyed, knew the principal modes of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. fewer immigrants reported having sexual intercourse (31% vs 53% of nonimmigrants), but among the sexually active only 38% always used condoms, and more immigrants reported intercourse with intravenous drug users ...	1991	1746662
increasing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium: a 22-year review at one institution.	to identify any change in the antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecium, we examined the antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical strains (n = 84) isolated at one institution during the 22 years since 1968. a significant increase in resistance to penicillin was observed during the study period: the mics of penicillin for 50 and 90% of isolates tested were 16 and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively, from 1969 to 1988 (n = 48; geometric mean mic, 14 micrograms/ml) , whereas they were 256 and 512 mic ...	1991	1803989
characterization of a human milk factor that inhibits binding of hiv gp120 to its cd4 receptor.		1991	1809005
nontuberculous respiratory infections among the homeless.	in contrast to the extensive studies of pulmonary tuberculosis among homeless persons, virtually no data are available on nontuberculous respiratory infections in this population. this article reviews the literature on pulmonary infections and homelessness. the clinical experience of the boston health care for the homeless program is detailed, with emphasis on the role of multidisciplinary teams of physicians, nurses, and case workers in the integration of hospital- and shelter-based clinics nec ...	1991	1810003
treating hard-to-treat tuberculosis patients in massachusetts.	for most patients with tuberculosis (tb), treatment has never been shorter or cure more certain than with current drug regimens. however, in massachusetts and elsewhere in the united states there is a growing minority of patients who are not easily cured with the best available outpatient regimens. close treatment supervision through culturally appropriate outreach workers has been successful for some foreign-born tb patients in whom therapy might otherwise fail. full supervision of outpatient t ...	1991	1810006
influenza vaccination. are we doing better than we think?	patients who were candidates for influenza vaccination seen in the primary care center of a community teaching hospital were studied to determine whether there is a differential immunization rate depending on risk level. the immunization rate was as follows: moderate risk group, 44%; high risk group, 59%; and very high risk group, 81%. the immunization rate was also closely associated with the frequency of clinic visits, ranging from 34% for those with low visit frequency to 73% for those with h ...	1991	1888239
human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in greater new bedford, massachusetts: a prevalence study.	a study was conducted in the community of greater new bedford, massachusetts, from 1984 through 1987 to assess the prevalence of elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in the serum of individuals aged 18 to 64 years who had resided in the area for at least 5 years. eight hundred and forty subjects were interviewed, examined, and tested in a cross-sectional sample of the towns of acushnet, dartmouth, and fairhaven and the city of new bedford. serum pcbs were measured to estimate the ...	1991	1907125
a brugia species infecting rabbits in the northeastern united states.	brugia sp. microfilariae were observed in more than 60% of wild rabbits collected on nantucket island, massachusetts. the microfilariae measured 294-344 microns in length and had the characteristic subterminal and terminal nuclei observed in other brugia microfilariae. the microfilaria is similar to those described for brugia leporis in rabbits in louisiana. this may be the brugia species responsible for 21 documented cases of human infection in the northeastern united states.	1991	1919934
dogs as sentinels for lyme disease in massachusetts.	an investigation of the relationship between incident human cases of lyme disease and seroprevalence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi in dogs was undertaken in order to determine whether dogs might serve as sentinels for lyme disease.	1991	1951802
teaching medicine as a human experience: a patient-doctor relationship course for faculty and first-year medical students.	we developed a required, longitudinal course for first-year medical students that addressed the patient-doctor relationship. our course linked understanding patients' experiences and perspectives on illness with listening to, talking with, and establishing a rapport with patients while obtaining their medical histories. learning was enhanced by use of an interdisciplinary faculty and by small-group continuity and faculty mentoring. our curriculum adapted problem-based, self-directed educational ...	1991	1994796
risks of consumption of contaminated seafood: the quincy bay case study.	a recent epa-sponsored study of sediment and seafood contamination in quincy bay revealed elevated levels of several complex organic pollutants frequently of concern in human health assessments. a seafood consumption risk assessment was conducted using data from samples collected in quincy bay in the methodology developed for epa's office of marine and estuarine protection for such assessments. results showed estimated plausible, upperbound excess cancer risks in the 10(-5) to 10(-2) range. thes ...	1991	2050051
localization of immunogenic domains in the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope.	highly immunogenic domains have not yet been defined in the extracellular protein of the human immunodefiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) envelope. in this study, six contiguous segments covering the entire hiv-2st envelope were amplified and cloned into a bacterial expression vector to localize the relative immunogenic reactivity of different regions of the molecule by western blot (immunoblot) analysis. our results demonstrate that the extracellular protein of the hiv-2 envelope contains highly immun ...	1991	1714524
a comparison of health care offerings as perceived by employers.	this empirical study examines the health care coverage climate of 130 large and medium sized companies in new england. human resource managers and/or benefits managers were asked to compare the plans that they currently offer their employees on a number of points. the primary focus was in the area of cost and cost containment. an attempt is made to identify the cost containment trends that are now a very high priority among employers.	1991	10110433
computer assisted neonatal parenteral nutrition order formatting.	neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions are a vital part of the treatment regimen for premature infants. protocols that dictate the formulation of these expensive intravenous solutions must assure absolute safety for the neonate. the procedure for the initiation, calculation, and compounding of parenteral nutrition solutions involves both physician and pharmacist. simplified physician ordering forms with printed guidelines for solution ingredients assists in error free ingredient prescribing. ph ...	1990	10113379
bacteremia due to mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. a report of 9 cases and a review of the literature.	mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia is being reported more frequently in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (hiv-1) infection. we report 9 patients with bacteremia due to m. tuberculosis and hiv infection who were identified over a 36-month period. of the 9 patients studied, 8 were male, 8 were black, 6 were born in haiti, 3 were homeless, 2 were intravenous drug users, and 1 was homosexual. at the time of diagnosis, 3 patients had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) ...	1990	2122171
long odyssey of babesiosis.	the history of babesiosis is traced from the discovery of the parasite in 1888, to its present endemic niche. the author uncovers clinical and epidemiological features of human babesiosis in a patient hospitalized in new jersey.	1990	2191250
short-tailed shrews as reservoirs of the agents of lyme disease and human babesiosis.	to determine whether short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) serve as reservoir hosts for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) and the agent of human babesiosis (babesia microti), we examined nymphal ticks that had fed as larvae on shrews collected from 3 enzootic sites in coastal massachusetts for evidence of infection by either or both of these agents. xenodiagnosis indicated that 11 of 14 shrews were infected by b. burgdorferi. one of 3 piroplasm-infected shrews also infected t ...	1990	2213411
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in a state psychiatric institution.		1990	2222110
seroprevalence of human t cell leukemia viruses in selected populations of homosexual men.	this study sought to define the seroprevalence of human t cell leukemia virus (htlv) types i and ii in selected populations of homosexual men. serum specimens were screened for antibodies to htlv and to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by enzyme immunoassay; successive testing of specimens with positive results was done by western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) and then by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay on available peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). of 1290 ...	1990	2230268
implementation of preventive services in an hmo practice.	practice does not conform to guidelines unless the guidelines are specifically implemented and performance is monitored. several examples of implementation in one health maintenance organization (hmo) are given. these include immunization for influenza and follow up of positive screening tests for colorectal and cervical cancer. each implementation effort has required the development of systems, which in this hmo are automated. several issues influencing implementation are discussed, including r ...	1990	2231053
racial/ethnic differences in hiv-1 seroprevalence and risky behaviors among intravenous drug users in a multisite study.	differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence and patterns of drug-use and sexual behaviors were examined among hispanic, black, and white intravenous drug users recruited at multiple sites in worcester, massachusetts. a total of 1,092 (786 males, 306 females) intravenous drug users were interviewed, and hiv-1 antibody test results were available for 874 (80.0%). after adjustment for demographic differences, black males were significantly less likely to report risky d ...	1990	2239898
medicine court, ii: rivers in practice.	the authors conducted a retrospective study of the initial impact (1986-1987) of the rivers v. katz decision involving patients' right to refuse treatment at new york state's largest forensic psychiatric hospital. of 18 petitions submitted, 15 cases were adjudicated. all 15 patients were found incompetent, and all treatment plans submitted were approved by the court. most patients selected for rivers hearings were diagnosed as having chronic schizophrenia and/or were older than the hospital popu ...	1990	2293787
aids and college health: knowledge, threat, and prevention at a northeastern university.	we performed secondary analyses on data originally collected by telephone from a random sample of 294 undergraduates from a large northeastern university to examine students' knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the students' reactions to the health threat posed by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). our findings indicated that students are reasonably well informed about aids, are aware of the recommended precautions for avoiding hiv infection, and are fearful that the v ...	1990	2299052
regulations prohibiting abortion counseling held unconstitutional.	a federal appellate court for massachusetts has ruled that regulations prohibiting counseling or referrals for abortion services violate the constitutional right to reproductive choice. the regulations in question were promulgated under title x of the us public health service act. the regulations required pregnant women to be furnished with a list of providers who supported the welfare of the mother and the fetus, thus making the decision to abort more difficult and intruding upon pre- existin ...	1990	2304078
beliefs about aids, use of alcohol and drugs, and unprotected sex among massachusetts adolescents.	in august 1988, 1,773 massachusetts 16-19-year-olds were surveyed by telephone using anonymous random digit dialing; response rate 82 percent. logistic regression tested whether alcohol and drug use, perceived susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), severity of hiv if infected, effectiveness of condoms in preventing infection, barriers to condom use, and behavioral cues such as exposure to media or personal communication about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were independ ...	1990	2305908
hiv testing: the legal balance between individual and societal rights.	testing for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies creates a legal conflict between the individual's right to autonomy and privacy versus society's right to control the public health. a body of laws exists to address these conflicting rights. these laws, however, must evolve so as to strike a better balance between what society has a right to know and the individual's right to personal autonomy and privacy. appropriate statutes should recognize that a legitimate need may a ...	1990	2315775
demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and hiv seroprevalence among intravenous drug users by site of contact: results from a community-wide hiv surveillance project.	we investigated differences in behaviors important for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission and hiv antibody status among 927 recent needle users enrolled in a multi-site hiv surveillance project in worcester, massachusetts. subjects were enrolled at drug abuse treatment centers reported less risky injection practices unexplained by demographic variables. risky sexual practices were in general reported more frequently by men at the jail than men at other sites. however, hiv status sho ...	1990	2382742
massachusetts v. secretary of health and human services.	the plaintiffs challenged the validity of regulations, promulgated under title x of the public health service act, that prohibit funding of nondirective abortion counseling or referral and demand separation of funded projects from projects which encourage abortion. the plaintiffs argued that the regulations unconstitutionally burden a woman's choice because they impermissibly restrict the information received during pregnancy counseling. distinguishing between refusals to fund abortion and in ...	1990	11648391
child study at clark university: 1894-1904.		1990	11607967
enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis: importation from mexico to massachusetts.		1989	2496311
genetic characterization of clones of the bacterium listeria monocytogenes causing epidemic disease.	one hundred and seventy-five isolates of the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes recovered from human clinical (blood and cerebrospinal fluid), animal, and environmental sources in europe, north america, and elsewhere were analyzed electrophoretically for allelic variation at 16 genetic loci encoding metabolic enzymes. forty-five distinctive allele profiles (electrophoretic types, ets) were distinguished, among which mean genetic diversity per locus (h) was 0.424. cluster analysis of a m ...	1989	2498876
sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin d3 by causing its photodegradation.	exposure to sunlight initiates the formation of vitamin d3 in skin as the uv b radiation in the solar spectrum causes the photoconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin d3. a heat-induced isomerization then converts previtamin d3 to vitamin d3 over a period of days. a number of irradiation products of vitamin d3 are known to form upon irradiation with high intensity uv radiation, but the effect of subsequent exposures to sunlight on the vitamin d3 formed in skin is not known. to investiga ...	1989	2541158
a fifteen-year search for first-stage human ova.		1989	2642561
zoonotic brugia infections in north and south america.	nine new zoonotic brugia infections, 8 acquired in the united states and 1 in brazil, are described. in each, a single worm was found in histological sections of lymph nodes or lymphoid tissues. in those from north america, 5 of the 8 worms were females, all were infertile, and only 3 were alive at the time the tissues were excised; all of the patients were male. a dead female worm was collected from a brazilian male patient. in addition, 3 cases of filarial infections in the u.s., previously id ...	1989	2662786
review of human immunodeficiency virus infection in women in the united states.	in this review, available human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence data are presented for united states women attending clinics related to reproductive health and for women in other settings. at family planning clinics, prenatal clinics, and in delivery room settings (cord blood testing), studies that have not targeted women at high risk for hiv infection have shown prevalence rates ranging from 0-4.3%. higher rates (greater than 1%) have been observed in more urban areas--newark, new y ...	1989	2682415
training basic scientists to bridge the gap between basic science and its application to human disease.		1989	2779621
occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) among embalmers: a pilot seroprevalence study.	we performed a serosurvey of 133 embalmers in an urban area where human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is prevalent. although we found histories of needlesticks to be common, and the seropositivity rate of hepatitis b virus (hbv) (13%) was approximately twice that of a blood donor comparison group, hiv antibody was uniformly absent in 129 embalmers who denied hiv risk factors, and present in one of four with self-described risk behaviors. the risk of hbv infection was higher among embalm ...	1989	2782520
longitudinal findings from the normative aging study: 1. does mental health change with age?	longitudinal changes in self-reported symptoms were investigated using the cornell medical index (cmi) in a sample of 2,041 men. the average man completed 5 cmis (range = 2-8) over 17 (range = 2-25) years. using a two-stage growth model, we first regressed symptoms against time on study for each man. the average slope of physical symptoms showed a moderate increase over time, but the average slope of psychological symptoms showed little change. next, individual differences in change were examine ...	1989	2803623
influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin d3: exposure to winter sunlight in boston and edmonton will not promote vitamin d3 synthesis in human skin.	sunlight has long been recognized as a major provider of vitamin d for humans; radiation in the uvb (290-315 nm) portion of the solar spectrum photolyzes 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin d3, which, in turn, is converted by a thermal process to vitamin d3. latitude and season affect both the quantity and quality of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface, especially in the uvb region of the spectrum, but little is known about how these influence the ability of sunlight to synth ...	1988	2839537
from wet nurse directory to milk bank: the delivery of human milk in boston, 1909-1927.		1988	3064835
effects of hiv antibody test knowledge on subsequent sexual behaviors in a cohort of homosexually active men.	this study assesses the effects of hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) antibody testing on subsequent (one year) sexual behavior among 270 homosexual men at a boston community health center, 21 per cent of whom were unaware of their test result. except for the number of steady partners, the levels of all sexual activities of all groups of study participants declined over time. no effects of test awareness of antibody status were found on protective behavior for receptive anogenital contact. elimi ...	1988	3162357
the distribution of human c4 dna variants in relation to major histocompatibility complex alleles and extended haplotypes.	a c4 dna polymorphism that can subdivide c4 allotypes and major histocompatibility complex-linked complement gene cluster allele combinations (complotypes) that are not distinguishable by standard electrophoretic means was used to assess further the distribution and linkage association of c4 variants. segregation of the dna polymorphism in family studies allowed assignment of particular variants to particular major histocompatibility complex haplotypes. these studies revealed that some complotyp ...	1988	3163333
high frequency of antimicrobial resistance in human fecal flora.	the frequency of resistance to seven different antimicrobial agents was examined in the aerobic gram-negative gut flora of over 600 individuals from hospitals, from laboratories where antibiotics were used, and from urban and rural communities. in a majority (62.5%) of fecal samples from people without a recent history of taking antibiotics, 10% or more of the total organisms were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics. in about 40% of the samples, resistance to more than one drug was pres ...	1988	3266729
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among childbearing women. estimation by testing samples of blood from newborns.	attempts to predict the course of the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have been hampered by the lack of an objective, practical way to estimate the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the general population. testing for the prevalence of hiv infection in women should be a sensitive means to track the epidemic and to study the potential for perinatal transmission. antibodies in maternal blood are contained in neonatal blood specimens routin ...	1988	3277055
'scientists' summer camp' turns to sea for answers to human biologic questions.		1988	3294453
human immunodeficiency virus infection in hemodialysis patients. baltimore-boston collaborative study group.	patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis receive multiple blood transfusions and, thus, are susceptible to infections transmitted through blood and blood products, including infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). to determine the prevalence of antibody to hiv among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis in baltimore and boston in 1985, we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study. repeatedly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)-positive serum samples were tested by west ...	1988	3341863
behavioral risk factors for hiv infection among homosexual men at a boston community health center.	social and behavioral factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were analyzed using cross-sectional data from homosexual and bisexual male clients of a boston community health center. partners from california, and a previous period of greater sexual activity (a "high period"), were independently associated with positive hiv antibody status, as were the frequency of receptive anogenital contact, both during the "high period" and during the last six months.	1988	3422139
hhs antics trying courts' patience.		1988	10302777
developing a successful recruitment/retention plan for hospital pharmacy personnel.	due to various external factors, recruitment through traditional methods, such as newspaper ads, failed to produce the pool of applicants for hospital pharmacy staff positions it had in the past. as a result of this and other factors specific to university hospital, the number of staff pharmacists decreased from 11 to four full-time equivalents (ftes). the number of technicians dropped to the point where per diem nurses had to be hired to help make iv admixtures. through some short-term measures ...	1988	10302944
recent medical malpractice reform measures in eight key states.	over the course of the past quarter century, technological developments in medical science have made it possible for physicians to save the lives and preserve the health of countless patients. unfortunately, it must be remembered that medicine is still as much an art as it is a science. as such, due to this human element, there is always the risk of occasional errors or failures in treatment. when these problems occur in bunches, the stage is set for a medical malpractice crisis. in an attempt t ...	1988	10287858
focus on: new england medical center medical engineering department.	the new england medical center can be traced back to 1796 when the boston dispensary opened the first hmo. now, the center complex covers four city blocks, offers 47 medical residency programs, has over $20 million in funded research, and includes a medical school, dental school, and the human nutrition research center. the medical engineering department began in 1971 as a joint venture between the center and tufts university. operated on a "fee-for-service" basis, the department consists of nin ...	1988	10290856
commonwealth of massachusetts v. bowen.	the u.s. department of health and human services (dhhs) promulgated regulations on 2 feb 1988 prohibiting the use of any federal funds by health clinics that engage in abortion counseling and referral or in abortion lobbying and advocacy, even if the clinics make use of nonfederal funds for these activities. the u.s. district court, d. massachusetts, found that the regulations violated both constitutional rights, under the first amendment in particular, and congressional intent. the court issu ...	1988	11648376
planned parenthood federation of america v. bowen, 25 february 1988.	the plaintiffs were family planning (fp) services and physicians who sought a preliminary injunction against enforcement of regulations promulgated by the secretary of health and human services of the us. the regulations prohibited counseling and referral for abortion services by fp services that receive funds under title x of the public health services act. the court held that the regulations exceeded the secretary's authority, since nothing in title x or legislative history relating to its e ...	1988	12289568
akron center for reproductive health v. slaby, 12 august 1988.	in a challenge to the constitutionality of parental notification provisions of ohio's abortion statute, the appeals court held certain provisions of the statute unconstitutional. this ruling was reversed by the us supreme court in 1990. in minnesota in 1988, the appeals court held constitutional parental notification provisions requiring that a minor give both parents 48 hours' notice before undergoing an abortion unless a judicial waiver is obtained. this ruling was upheld by the us supreme ...	1988	12289574
the neurological information network.	the neurological information network (nin) of the national institute of neurological and communicative disorders and stroke (nincds) was a loosely structured assemblage of a variety of information-transfer activities that existed for approximately 20 years, starting in the early 1960s. these activities included the neurosciences research program at the massachusetts institute of technology, the parkinson's disease information center at columbia university, the brain information service at ucla, ...	1987	10280918
mother v. her unborn child: where should texas draw the line?		1987	11649225
state constitutions: the new battlefield for abortion rights.		1987	11649953
frequency of 'chronic active epstein-barr virus infection' in a general medical practice.	twenty-one percent of 500 unselected patients, aged 17 to 50 years, seeking primary care for any reason were found to be suffering from a chronic fatigue syndrome consistent with "chronic active epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection," they had been experiencing "severe" fatigue, usually cyclic, for a median of 16 months (range, six to 458 months), associated with sore throat, myalgias, or headaches; 45% of the patients were periodically bedridden; and 25% to 73% reported recurrent cervical adenopat ...	1987	3033338
absence of spirochaetes (borrelia burgdorferi) and piroplasms (babesia microti) in deer ticks (ixodes dammini) parasitized by chalcid wasps (hunterellus hookeri).	an entomophagous wasp (hunterellus hookeri howard) parasitizes about a third of the host-seeking nymphal ixodes dammini spielman et al. ticks on naushon island in massachusetts (u.s.a.) where the agents of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al.) and human babesiosis (babesia microti franca) are enzootic. following blood-feeding, wasp-parasitized ticks are destroyed by the developing wasp. the prevalence of either human pathogen in host-seeking ticks collected in wasp-infested sites is ...	1987	2979518
phenotypic and functional deficiency of natural killer cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.	natural killer (nk)3 cells are large granular lymphocytes that appear to play a significant role in the host's defense against viral infection. we performed an extensive phenotypic and functional characterization of nk cells on 41 patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs), or "chronic active epstein-barr virus infection" syndrome, and on 23 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic control subjects in an attempt to further characterize this illness. these studies demonstrated that a majority of p ...	1987	2824604
envenomation by the sac spider chiracanthium mildei.	a 19-year-old man was abruptly awakened during the night by the painful bite of a female sac spider, later identified as chiracanthium mildei. an erythematous urticarial plaque formed immediately. later, punctate macules appeared, and the bite site became indurated. the clinical response was similar to those reported following bites by chiracanthium spiders in japan, australia, europe, massachusetts, georgia, indiana, california, and hawaii. the necrotic lesions associated with some of those bit ...	1987	3621996
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: suggested protocol for counseling and screening in pregnancy.	the centers for disease control (cdc) has recorded 35,900 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states, including 2447 infected females, as of may 25, 1987. these cases include 503 children under the age of 13, of whom 80% were thought to have been affected through perinatal transmission. the prevalence of aids-related complex and human immunodeficiency virus in the united states is far greater than these numbers. the cdc has recommended screening those pregnant women ...	1987	3627591
seasonal variation of transmission risk of lyme disease and human babesiosis.	the seasonal host-seeking pattern of nymphal ixodes dammini infected with babesia microti or borrelia burgdorferi was determined on nantucket island, massachusetts, during 1985. the peak period of host-seeking by infected nymphal i. dammini occurred in may and june. on a per person-hour basis, the number of infected ticks collected reached a maximum in may (babesia = 17.3; borrelia = 16.2). the number of infected ticks remained high in june, but decreased notably in july, august, and september. ...	1987	3687924
asymptomatic hyperuricemia. risks and consequences in the normative aging study.	to quantify the consequences of asymptomatic hyperuricemia, this study examined rates for a first episode of gouty arthritis based on 30,147 human-years of prospective observation. a cohort of 2,046 initially healthy men in the normative aging study was followed for 14.9 years with serial examinations and measurement of urate levels. with prior serum urate levels of 9 mg/dl or more, the annual incidence rate of gouty arthritis was 4.9 percent, compared with 0.5 percent for urate levels of 7.0 to ...	1987	3826098
'mental' in 'southie': individual, family, and community responses to psychosis in south boston.	the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients is a deeply cultural as well as political task. it entails the sharing of responsibility for human distress with family and community. consequently, the locus of social control has also shifted from psychiatric and medical expertise to community and legal institutions. diagnosis and treatment models must be more compatible with lay explanatory models. this paper explores the various meanings of "going 'mental"' and "being 'mental"' in the white, ...	1987	3829694
adolescent pregnancy: networking and the interdisciplinary approach.	the networking approach to providing needed services to pregnant and parenting teenagers has numerous merits. an historical overview of the formation of the brooklyn teen pregnancy network highlights service agency need for information and resource sharing, and improved client referral systems as key factors in the genesis of the network. the borough-wide approach and its spread as an agency model throughout new york city's other boroughs and several other northeastern cities is also attributed ...	1986	3745501
a gravity model of human population structure.		1986	3804300
a population at risk. prevalence of high cholesterol levels in hypertensive patients in the framingham study.	in the framingham study, coronary heart disease developed in every fifth man and every 17th woman by the age of sixty. the level of total cholesterol proved to be an excellent predictor of coronary heart disease in those aged less than 50 years. however, in those aged over 50 years, more accurate predictors of coronary heart disease risk were serum lipoprotein measurements, including low-density lipoproteins, very-low-density lipoproteins, very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, and high-den ...	1986	3946458
salivary antibody responses to oral and parenteral vaccines in children.	salivary iga antibody to poliovirus and tetanus toxoid was measured in whole salivas of 151 children between 2 and 48 months of age from north america and from scandinavia. children from urban and suburban populations in the greater boston, ma, area receive both oral poliovaccine and a parenteral injection with tetanus toxoid (tt), initially at approximately 2 months of age. children from göteborg, sweden, initially receive parenteral injections of tt at 2 months of age and parenteral injections ...	1986	3958136