Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| tissue chambers--a useful model for in vivo studies of cytokine production in the pig. | an in vivo tissue chamber model was developed to enable studies of local cytokine production and cellular events during inflammatory and immune reactions in the pig. tissue chambers made of sialistic rubber tubing were surgically implanted in the subcutaneous tissue- and samples of tissue chamber fluid (tcf) and inflammatory cells were collected by aspiration with a syringe. to evaluate the model for local cytokine production, two cytokine inducers, polyribinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly i ... | 1997 | 9220587 |
| glycoprotein ge blocking elisas to differentiate between aujeszky's disease-vaccinated and infected animals. | three blocking elisas for the detection of antibodies against glycoprotein e (ge) of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in sera (an indirect blocking elisa (ge-ielisa), a direct blocking elisa (ge-delisa) and a two-site 'sandwich' blocking elisa (ge-selisa)) have been developed. the ge-elisas are based on monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed to ge and detect ge-specific antibodies in sera by blocking the binding of mabs to one (in the ge-ielisa and the ge-delisa) or two (in the ge-selisa) epitopes ... | 1997 | 9128865 |
| specificity and nucleotyping studies of a gp50-based polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of pseudorabies virus. | pcr primers that amplify a region of the gp50 envelope glycoprotein gene of a number of vaccinal and field strains of pseudorabies virus (prv) have been previously described (galeota-wheeler and osorio, am j vet res 1991: 52; 1799-1803). this gp50-based pcr assay was tested for its diagnostic applicability, utilizing a panel of nine prv isolates and 13 related herpesviruses, originating from domestic animal species and man. slight modifications to the original prv pcr protocol ensured that false ... | 1997 | 9114968 |
| evaluation of tests for detection of antibodies to aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus glycoprotein e in the target population. | receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves assess the quality of tests over the entire range of test signals. we compared the ability of an elisa to detect antibodies to aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus ge in colostrum (test a) and in a single droplet of whole blood (test b) with the results obtained in serum (gold standard) in the target population by constructing and analyzing such curves. the area under the roc curve, which is a quantitative measure of test performance, proved to b ... | 1997 | 9220602 |
| economic analysis of alternative ad control programmes. | the threat imposed by its virulence brings a presumption that aujeszky's disease (ad) must be controlled because potential losses are high. viewed as an economic problem, the decision on whether and how to control ad hinges on comparing the costs of doing so with the benefits (in terms of reduced production losses) to be gained. four strategies are considered: (a) doing nothing, (b) suppressing and maintaining the disease at low prevalence levels by vaccination, (c) suppressing to low levels and ... | 1997 | 9220603 |
| mechanisms of transmission of aujeszky's disease virus originating from feral swine in the usa. | to understand the possible mechanisms of transmission of aujeszky's disease virus (pseudorabies or prv) from a feral pig reservoir, intranasal infections were initiated in domestic pigs and in pigs from a herd derived from captured feral pigs. virus strains originating from feral pigs and from domestic pigs were compared. similar shedding patterns were obtained in both feral-derived and domestic pigs, however, virus strains from feral pigs were markedly attenuated. virus could be isolated after ... | 1997 | 9220604 |
| genital infection and transmission of pseudorabies virus in feral swine in florida, usa. | seventeen feral swine (fs) naturally infected with pseudorabies virus (prv) and treated with dexamethasone (4 mg/kg body wt) on five consecutive days shed virus primarily from the genital tract and less frequently from the upper respiratory tract. the fs isolates were identified as prv by virus neutralization with specific polyclonal antiserum and by direct immunofluorescence. restriction endonuclease analysis with bamhi showed that representative samples from a total of 62 isolates were identic ... | 1997 | 9220605 |
| isolation and characterisation of an aujeszky's disease virus naturally infecting a wild boar (sus scrofa). | isolation of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) from an injured, female wild boar (sus scrofa), shot dead by hunters, in an area adjacent to the abruzzo national park is reported. the brain was submitted for attempted virus isolation following episodes of mortality in several dogs and cats fed with meat from the wild boar. virus was isolated on first passage from the brain of the wild boar. the restriction fragment length polymorphism profile of the isolate was assessed as a type i. the role of stre ... | 1997 | 9220606 |
| no massive spread of pseudorabies virus in vaccinated sow herds. | in this study, we quantified transmission of prv in 99 sow herds in which the sows were vaccinated three times a year with strain 783 o/w and found that the reproduction ratio r was 0.66, which is significantly below one. this implies that massive spread of prv cannot occur in such herds. | 1997 | 9220607 |
| aujeszky's disease and the european community. | the situation as regards ad in the european union in august 1995 is described. the territory has been divided into three zones comprising free regions, regions where eradication programmes are in operation and the remainder. the criteria used for defining these areas are described as are the movement rules applicable to movement into each zone. considerable activity is now taking place to eradicate this disease and further progress is expected in the near future. | 1997 | 9220609 |
| pseudorabies virus recombinants expressing functional virulence determinants ge and gi from bovine herpesvirus 1.1. | in the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, the ge and gi genes are conserved and encode membrane glycoproteins required for efficient pathogenesis (virulence). the molecular mechanism(s) responsible is not well understood, but the existence of similar phenotypes of ge and gi mutations in diverse alphaherpesvirinae implies conservation of function(s). in this report, we describe construction of pseudorabies virus (prv) recombinants that efficiently express the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) membrane prot ... | 1997 | 9060626 |
| the ge and gi homologs from two alphaherpesviruses have conserved and divergent neuroinvasive properties. | the membrane glycoproteins ge and gi are encoded by pseudorabies virus (prv), a neurotropic, broad-host-range alphaherpesvirus of swine. prv ge and gi are required for anterograde spread to a restricted set of retinorecipient neurons in the brain after infection of the rat retina. a related alphaherpesvirus, encoding ge and gi homologs, is called bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv-1.1). bhv-1.1 is a respiratory pathogen of highly restricted host range and, in contrast to prv, is unable to propagate in ... | 1997 | 9223471 |
| estimating the rate of pseudorabies virus introduction into pig-finishing herds at regional level. | from february to june 1995, 5-12 blood samples were collected in each dutch pig herd and tested for antibodies against pseudorabies virus (prv). the percentage of prv-seropositive pig-finishing herds in three regions with more than 1,000 pigs/km2 (regions 2, 4 and 7) was 6% (region 2), 12% (region 7), and 25% (region 4). the percentage of prv-seropositive pig-finishing herds in five regions with fewer than 1,000 pigs/km2 (regions 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8) was 3% (region 1), 9% (region 3), 6% (region 5) ... | 1997 | 9225421 |
| attenuation of dutpase-deficient pseudorabies virus for the natural host. | pseudorabies virus (prv) is the causative agent of aujeszky's disease which results in significant losses in pig husbandry. recently we identified the gene encoding the deoxyuridine-triphosphatase (dutpase) of prv as the homolog of the ul50 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. the prv ul50 gene product was characterized and a ul50 negative prv mutant (prv ul50-) was generated by insertion of a lacz expression cassette into the ul50 open reading frame (jöns and mettenleiter, j. virol. 70, 1242-12 ... | 1997 | 9228681 |
| herpesviral abortion in domestic animals. | abortion or neonatal disease may follow infection with several alpha, beta and gamma-herpesviruses. the alpha-herpesvirus, equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), causes single or epizootic abortions or neonatal deaths in equids, and the closely related virus ehv-4 causes sporadic equine abortions. in cattle, the alpha-herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bovine encephalitis virus), and a gamma-herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-4, have all be ... | 1997 | 9232116 |
| immunohistologic diagnosis of pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) using monoclonal antibodies. | 1997 | 9249178 | |
| isolation and characterization of aujeszky's disease virus in captive brown bears from italy. | an epizootic of aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in four captive european brown bears (ursus arctos) in november 1994, in the val di non, trentino region, italy, was linked to consumption of raw pork. affected animals had severe pruritus resulting in self-mutilation, and all four died within 24 hr after onset of clinical signs. aujeszky's disease virus was isolated on first passage from the brain and was characterized by means of restriction endonuclease analysis. based on these data, we believ ... | 1997 | 9249712 |
| interneurons presynaptic to rat tail-flick motoneurons as mapped by transneuronal transport of pseudorabies virus: few have long ascending collaterals. | the method of transneuronal retrograde transport of the bartha strain of the swine alpha-herpes virus, pseudorabies virus, was used to identify putative interneurons presynaptic to motoneurons that supply a tail-flick muscle in the rat. we also investigated whether these interneurons also contribute to ascending somatosensory pathways. two to five days after injection of pseudorabies virus into the left abductor caudae dorsalis muscle, and cholera toxin b into the right somatosensory thalamus an ... | 1997 | 9135057 |
| immunohistopathological characterization of pig pneumonia caused by a combined aujeszky's disease virus and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection. | nine pigs were inoculated endobronchially with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (app-1) 6 days after infection with aujeszky's disease virus (adv); four died within 3 days and the remainder were killed after 1-6 days. immunohistopathologically, there were two types of pneumonic lesion: pleuropneumonia, characterized by coagulative necrosis, oedema and fibrinous thrombosis; and necrotizing interstitial pneumonia, characterized by bronchitis, bronchiolitis and alveolitis. the former type ... | 1997 | 9263842 |
| field trial to evaluate the immunogenicity of pseudorabies virus vaccines with deletions for glycoproteins g and e. | to evaluate, under field conditions, the immunogenicity of 2 pseudorabies virus (prv) vaccines (each with deletion of the gene for glycoprotein g [gg], and 1 with an additional deletion for glycoprotein e [ge]), particularly in the presence of maternal antibodies, and to investigate the effect of vaccination schedules in overcoming maternal antibody interference with vaccination. | 1997 | 9285001 |
| biological properties of three mexican isolates of aujeszky's disease virus. | four strains of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) were included in this study; three mexican field isolates (215,145 and c-8) in conjunction with the shope reference strain of adv, which has known pathogenic characteristics. all four strains were included in each treatment, which consisted of heat treatment, trypsin treatment and passed ten times on chicken embryo fibroblasts. both virus titer and plaque size were determined on the first and tenth passage and on treated and untreated strains. on ea ... | 1997 | 9291629 |
| the influence of maternal immunity on the transmission of pseudorabies virus and on the effectiveness of vaccination. | the purpose of this study was to investigate whether maternal immunity could prevent transmission of pseudorabies virus (prv) among pigs, and whether it reduced the effectiveness of a single or double vaccination with regard to the transmission of prv. in five experiments, the transmission of prv, expressed as the reproduction ratio r, was compared in groups of pigs with maternal immunity and in groups of pigs without maternal immunity. transmission of prv among unvaccinated pigs with maternal i ... | 1997 | 9139488 |
| [detection of the aujeszky disease virus by nested polymerase chain reaction]. | 1997 | 9297101 | |
| in vivo studies on aujeszky's disease virus mutants. | we report the construction and in vivo analysis of three recombinant aujeszky's disease virus (adv) strains containing mutations at three different loci of the genome. mutant ve16lac was generated by deleting of 2976 bp dna fragment which covers 1851 bp of the right arm of ul component, the ul-us junction, the "a" element of the internal repeat (ir) region and a putative lat promoter. mutant vrrlac was generated by deletion of a 1805 bp fragment from the coding region of the large and small subu ... | 1996 | 9147722 |
| a pseudorabies virus mutant with deletions in the latency and early protein o genes: replication, virulence, and immunity in neonatal piglets. | the pathogenicity of a double mutant of pseudorabies virus (prv) with deletions in the latency gene and the early protein o gene was examined. in comparison to the parent indiana-funkhauser virus, the ability of this mutant to replicate and to cause disease in piglets is greatly reduced. at an infection dose that caused no clinical signs in 5-day-old neonatal piglets, this mutant was capable of eliciting solid protective immunity against a lethal prv challenge. thus, the double-gene deletion att ... | 1996 | 9026076 |
| latency characteristics of an epo and llt mutant of pseudorabies virus. | 1996 | 9026066 | |
| marked reduction of the prevalence of pseudorabies virus-infected pigs in pig dense regions of the netherlands during the first year of a nation-wide vaccination campaign. | the breeding and finishing pig populations in four animal health service regions in the netherlands were monitored with respect to pseudorabies virus (prv) seroprevalence. analysis of data of the seroprevalence survey of 1994 indicated that two samples per herd was sufficient to estimate the seroprevalence in both the sow and finishing pig populations. in the northern, eastern, southern, and western regions, 115, 645, 940, and 218 sow herds and 114, 1036, 954, and 323 pig finishing herds were sa ... | 1996 | 8792598 |
| functional characterization of porcine cd4+cd8+ extrathymic t lymphocytes. | the porcine immune system is unique in that the expression of cd4 and cd8 antigens defines four subpopulations of resting, extrathymic (cd1-) t lymphocytes. in addition to cd4-cd8+ and cd4+cd8- t lymphocytes, cd4-cd8- and cd4+cd8+ lymphocyte subpopulations are prominent in blood as well as in lymphoid tissues. in the present study, a functional comparison was made between cd4+cd8- and cd4+cd8+ t lymphocyte subpopulations. in a primary in vitro immune response against alloantigenic stimulator cel ... | 1996 | 8640877 |
| mode of interaction between pseudorabies virus and heparan sulfate/heparin. | it has been demonstrated that the efficient attachment of pseudorabies virus (prv) is mediated by an interaction between glycoprotein c (gc) and a cellular heparin-like substance (t. c. mettenleiter, l. zsak, f. zuckermann, n. sugg, h. kern, and t. ben-porat, j. virol. 64, 278-286, 1990). according to the prevalent concept, this interaction is likely to occur between clusters of basic residues of prv gc and the negatively charged sulfate esters and carboxylate groups of heparan sulfate/heparin. ... | 1996 | 8615039 |
| the receptor-binding domain of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gc is composed of multiple discrete units that are functionally redundant. | many herpesviruses attach to cells in a two-step process, using the glycoprotein gc family of homologs to bind the primary receptor, heparan sulfate (hs) proteoglycan, and glycoprotein gd homologs to bind an unknown secondary receptor. we have previously shown by deletion analysis that the amino-terminal one-third of gc from pseudorabies virus (prv), a swine herpesvirus, includes at least the principal hs receptor-binding domain. this portion of prv gc contains three discrete clusters of basic r ... | 1996 | 8627651 |
| synthesis, processing, and oligomerization of bovine herpesvirus 1 ge and gi membrane proteins. | this study reports the identification and initial characterization of the precursors, modified forms, and oligomers of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) gi and ge proteins with polyvalent rabbit serum specific for gi or ge. our experiments used the colorado strain of bhv-1 and mutant viruses with insertions of the escherichia coli lacz gene into the predicted ge and gi reading frames. we also translated the ge and gi open reading frames in vitro and expressed them in uninfected cells using eukaryotic ... | 1996 | 8892910 |
| comparison of the protective response induced by nyvac vaccinia recombinants expressing either gp50 or gii and gp50 of pseudorabies virus. | a nyvac vaccinia vector containing genes for pseudorables virus glycoproteins gii and gp50 was administered to pigs to determine if it would have a greater protective effect than a vector containing the gene for gp50 alone. both nyvac vectors protected pigs similarly from virulent pseudorabies virus challenge. | 1996 | 8904669 |
| replication and pathogenicity after intranasal and intracranial inoculation of swine with a recombinant pseudorabies virus containing a deletion at the ul/ir junction. | pseudorabies virus (prv) is a neurotropic herpesvirus of swine. previously, we described construction of a recombinant strain of prv (llt beta delta 2) which contains a 3.0-kb deletion spanning the junction of the unique long and internal repeat sequences. compared to the parental strain, indiana-funkhauser, and a virus rescued for the deleted sequences (llt beta res), llt beta delta 2 replicated efficiently at the site of inoculation, yet exhibited significantly reduced virulence when inoculate ... | 1996 | 8806536 |
| comparison of the protective efficacy of recombinant pseudorabies viruses against pseudorabies and classical swine fever in pigs; influence of different promoters on gene expression and on protection. | the glycoprotein e (ge) locus in the genome of pseudorabies virus (prv) was used as an insertion site for the expression of glycoprotein e1 of classical swine fever virus (csfv). transcription of e1 in the recombinants m401, m402 or m403 was regulated by the gd promoter of prv, the immediate early gene promoter of human cytomegalovirus, or the ge promoter of prv, respectively. groups of four pigs were vaccinated once intramuscularly with 10(6) plaque forming units (p.f.u.) of the recombinant vir ... | 1996 | 8821642 |
| no major outbreaks of pseudorabies virus in well-immunized sow herds. | in this study we quantified the transmission of pseudorabies virus (prv) in well-immunized sow herds in the netherlands. in three herds, sows were tested for antibodies to ge of prv every time after they had been transported to another barn (survey a). in 99 other herds, sows were tested simultaneously once or twice yearly (survey b). we observed six introductions in survey a and 53 in survey b. none of these introductions resulted in extensive spread of the virus. the reproduction ratio r, whic ... | 1996 | 8879100 |
| a fluorescence-based quantitative pcr method for investigation of pseudorabies virus latency. | a quantitative pcr method was developed in order to quantitate the number of copies of pseudorabies virus (prv) genome present in tissues from infected pigs. the method is based on the use of an internal standard that differs from the target dna by a deletion of ten base pairs, and that is co-amplified with the target dna. the resulting pcr products are labelled with a fluorescent primer and are then separated and detected by means of an automated sequencer. the assay was found to be specific an ... | 1996 | 8882940 |
| antiviral activity of crude extracts of guarea guidona. | crude extracts of leaves and fruits of guarea guidona were tested for antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus in the ib-rs-2 pig cell line and against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) in the gbk bovine cell line. the highest nontoxic doses of extracts from fruits and leaves were 125 micrograms/ml and 500 micrograms/ml. respectively. crude extracts presented antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus with a decrease in virus titer of 3.0 log units at 500 micr ... | 1996 | 9033817 |
| detection of lymphoproliferative responses against pseudorabies virus immediate early protein (ie180) in swine immunized with a modified live virus vaccine. | the immediate early protein (ie180) of pseudorabies virus (prv) was generated by cycloheximide (chx) reversal procedures in prv-infected swine skin cells. using this ie180 preparation as antigen, specific proliferation was detected in mononuclear cells (pbmncs) from swine vaccinated with a modified live virus (mlv) prv vaccine. two sets of data support this conclusion. (a) pbmncs of c/csla inbred swine vaccinated with an mlv vaccine a year before the test exhibited significant responses against ... | 1996 | 8978021 |
| immunobiology of pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease). | aujeszky's disease (ad), a serious illness of pigs causing significant economic losses in the pig industry, is caused by pseudorabies virus (prv). prv belongs to the alphaherpesvirus subfamily of the herpesviruses with a double-stranded dna genome in an enveloped capsid capable of encoding approximately 70 proteins. for disease control, vaccination with live and killed vaccines is performed. recently, 'marked' vaccines have become available for use in eradication programs based on the differenti ... | 1996 | 8988868 |
| effect of vaccination against aujeszky's disease compared with test and slaughter programme: epidemiological and economical evaluations. | in january 1990, a 6-year program was initiated to eliminate endemic aujeszky's disease virus (adv) infection from the pig herds in an area of northern germany, bordering southern denmark, with intensive pig farming. in the first 3 years of the campaign, an intensive compulsory vaccination program, with glycoprotein i (gi)-deleted vaccines, of all pigs in the area was employed. beginning in june 1990 and for the first 3 years of the project, approximately 200 herds randomly selected from all her ... | 1996 | 8996885 |
| negative regulation of immediate-early gene expression of pseudorabies virus by interferon-alpha. | pseudorabies rabies (prv) replication in vero cells was suppressed by treatment with human natural interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha). messenger rna transcribed from the prv immediate-early (ie) gene was reduced in the ifn-alpha-treated cells. transient expression assays showed that transcription from the prv ie promoter was selectively inhibited in the ifn-alpha-treated cells. analysis of deletion mutants of the prv ie promoter sequence suggested that at least one element between the transcription in ... | 1996 | 9008338 |
| acetylcholine activates latent pseudorabies virus in pigs. | pseudorabies virus (prv) was isolated from the nasal swabs and the cultured trigeminal ganglia of latently infected pigs after they were treated with acetylcholine (ach). these results indicate that ach activates latent infections of prv. | 1996 | 8629944 |
| transmission of two pseudorabies virus strains that differ in virulence and virus excretion in groups of vaccinated pigs. | to determine whether 2 pseudorabies virus (prv) strains that differ in virulence differ in transmission among vaccine strain 783-inoculated pigs. | 1996 | 8720236 |
| comparison of the abilities of serologic tests to detect pseudorabies-infected pigs during the latent phase of infection. | to compare the sensitivities of all available serologic tests in detecting pseudorabies virus (prv) antibodies in pigs during long-term latent pseudorabies. | 1996 | 8723868 |
| genetic immunization of seronegative one-day-old piglets against pseudorabies induces neutralizing antibodies but not protection and is ineffective in piglets from immune dams. | immune response inhibition by maternal antibodies is a major impediment to the vaccination of the young born to immune dams. this study explored the efficiency of genetic immunization of the neonates at bypassing this inhibition, by testing the muscular inoculation of the gd glycoprotein gene of pseudorabies virus (prv) in piglets. plasmid dna (400 micrograms) was inoculated in four groups of one-day-old piglets, from sows vaccinated or not against prv. half of the groups received a booster inje ... | 1996 | 8822614 |
| pathologic changes in closed porcine intestinal loops inoculated with aujeszky's disease virus. | development of enteric lesions in closed jejunal and ileal loops inoculated with aujeszky's disease virus (adv) was examined in four 6-week-old spf pigs. a large number of adv antigens were detected first in necrotic foci in the subepithelial areas, and subsequently in the epithelial cells, lymphoid follicles in peyer's patches and neuronal cells of meissner's and auerbach's plexuses. | 1996 | 8877987 |
| lack of serum antibodies against glycoprotein e in pseudorabies virus-immune pigs infected with wild-type virus. | to examine whether pigs with solid immunity against pseudorabies virus (prv) could harbor latent infection with wild-type prv without developing antibodies against glycoprotein e (ge), which is used as a marker protein to differentiate pigs that have been vaccinated from pigs infected with wild-type prv. | 1996 | 8915423 |
| spatial and temporal epidemiology of pseudorabies virus infection. | to examine the pattern of pseudorabies virus (prv) infection in pennsylvania and identify the area factors associated with herd quarantine status. | 1996 | 8915430 |
| a double-strand break in a herpesvirus genome stimulates targeted homologous recombination with exogenous, cloned viral sequences. | a method is described for the highly efficient recovery of recombinant pseudorabies virions; the approach should be applicable to other herpesviruses. pseudorabies virus (prv) strain prv509 contains a unique ecori site in its genome, largely replacing the glycoprotein gc gene. by digesting prv509 dna with ecori prior to cotransfection with plasmid dna that harbored a cloned copy of gc, we isolated recombinant viruses containing the cloned gc allele at a frequency exceeding 75%. this represented ... | 1996 | 8919827 |
| assessment of the quality of tests for the detection of antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus glycoprotein ge in a target population by the use of receiver operating characteristic curves. | the performance of tests for the detection of antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus glycoprotein e (ge) in a target population was evaluated by constructing and analysing receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves. these curves assess the discriminating ability of a test over the entire range of test signals. the advantages of applying the analysis to a sample of the target population (all commercial pigs in the netherlands), as compared to using a panel of test sera, are that the estimates ... | 1996 | 8938859 |
| evaluation of nucleic acid amplification methods for the detection of hog cholera virus. | a blind panel was tested in a diagnostic evaluation of a reverse transcription (rt) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for detecting hog cholera virus (hcv) from pig tissues. the capability of the rt-pcr test to discriminate between hcv and related pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and those viruses causing similar diseases in swine, including african swine fever virus (asfv) and pseudorabies virus (prv), was also considered. nucleic acid extraction involved either kit-based ... | 1996 | 8953524 |
| the use of marker vaccines in eradication of herpesviruses. | marker vaccines are vaccines that allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated individuals. this differentiation is based on the absence of one or more microbial proteins in the vaccine that are present in the wild-type micro-organism. consequently, after infection, but not after vaccination, an antibody response against that specific protein(s) can be detected. with a protein-specific antibody test infected individuals can thus be distinguished from vaccinated individuals. ... | 1996 | 8717389 |
| infection of pigs by aerosols of aujeszky's disease virus and their shedding of the virus. | on three consecutive days, six pigs were exposed for 15 minutes to aerosols of aujeszky's disease virus. the total estimated dose was 4.5 log 10 tcid50. within each isolation room, a sentinel pig was placed on a deck two feet away from the infected pig. the breath of the pigs that had inhaled the aerosols was collected on days 3, 7 and 13. the respiratory and other clinical signs of the infected pigs resembled those in field cases of aujeszky's disease. all the pigs infected with aujeszky's dise ... | 1996 | 8735512 |
| functional and phenotypic analysis of porcine peripheral blood cd4/cd8 double-positive t cells. | functional and phenotypic properties of porcine peripheral blood cd4/cd8 double-positive (dp) lymphocytes were examined. in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies involving a total of 103 pigs, this lymphocyte population was found to increase gradually in proportion with age, comprising < 2% of the total peripheral blood lymphocyte pool in 1-week-old swine and reaching 30-55% by 3 years of age. cd4/cd8 dp lymphocytes were able to proliferate in response to stimulation with recall viral antigen ... | 1996 | 8778040 |
| benefit-cost analysis of the national pseudorabies virus eradication program. | an epidemiologic model of pseudorabies virus (prv) in swine was developed. this model was used to project future herd-to-herd disease transmission under alternative eradication or control programs over 20 years (1993 to 2012). with current prv eradication program funding, it was projected that prevalence would be 23% in higher-risk states in the united states, 10% in moderate-risk states, and 1% in lower-risk states. increased funding for the prv eradication program was projected to reduce prv p ... | 1996 | 8567375 |
| cell-mediated immunity to pseudorabies virus: cytolytic effector cells with characteristics of lymphokine-activated killer cells lyse virus-infected and glycoprotein gb- and gc-transfected l14 cells. | we examined cytolytic cells that lyse pseudorabies virus (prv)-infected cells in pigs. in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from prv-immune pigs with live prv generated cells that lysed prv-infected immortalized b cells. several lines of evidence indicated a major contribution of non-major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted cytolytic cells, which displayed characteristics of natural killer (nk) or lymphokine-activated killer cells: cytolysis was non-mhc-restricted, ... | 1996 | 8609496 |
| identification of cell surface molecules that interact with pseudorabies virus. | the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv) has been shown to attach to cells by interaction between the viral glycoprotein gc and cell membrane proteoglycans carrying heparan sulfate chains (hspgs). a secondary binding step requires gd and presumably another, hitherto unidentified cellular receptor. by use of a virus overlay protein binding assay (vopba), cosedimentation analyses, and affinity chromatography, we identified three species of cell membrane constituents that bind prv. by treatmen ... | 1996 | 8642635 |
| glycoprotein d-negative pseudorabies virus can spread transneuronally via direct neuron-to-neuron transmission in its natural host, the pig, but not after additional inactivation of ge or gi. | envelope glycoprotein d (gd) is essential for entry of pseudorabies virus (prv) into cells but is not required for the subsequent steps in virus replication. phenotypically complemented gd mutants can infect cells and can spread, both in vitro and in mice, by direct cell-to-cell transmission. progeny virions released by infected cells are noninfectious because they lack gd. the aim of this study was to determine the role of gd in the neuropathogenicity of prv in its natural host, the pig. we inv ... | 1996 | 8642642 |
| [diagnosis of contagious diseases in animals using pcr]. | the pcr is used for diagnostic purposes as it allows to detect infections agents within a much shorter time than by cultural isolation. in addition, it can detect non-infectious viruses and bacteria in clinical samples. these advantages are important factors in the diagnosis of highly contagious animal diseases (mainly caused by viruses) since a rapid laboratory diagnosis will allow to take immediate disease control actions. pcr is routinely used at the institute of african and classical swine f ... | 1995 | 8584867 |
| study of immune function in inbred miniature pigs vaccinated and challenged with suid herpesvirus 1. | specific immune responses of inbred miniature pigs following vaccination and challenge with suid herpesvirus 1 (shv-1) were determined. vaccination of swine with shv-1 elicited both specific neutralizing antibody and lymphoproliferative responses. moreover, pigs vaccinated with shv-1 were fully protected against a lethal virus challenge. pigs vaccinated with a recombinant (r) shv-1 virus, followed by challenge with a virulent shv-1, had lower percentages of circulating t- and b-lymphocytes, and ... | 1995 | 8548690 |
| estimating sample sizes for a two-stage sampling survey of seroprevalence of pseudorabies virus (prv)-infected swine at a regional level in the netherlands. | in the european union, vaccination campaigns against pseudorabies virus (prv) in swine have been started to eradicate prv. specific sampling designs are needed to monitor prv seroprevalence at a regional level. this paper demonstrates how sampling theory can be applied to design a disease seroprevalence survey, using prv as an example. in the spring of 1994, the four regions in the netherlands covered by the regional animal health services were monitored with respect to prv seroprevalence. per r ... | 1995 | 8525602 |
| comparison of freund's adjuvant and titermax in inducing anti-idiotype to idiotypic antibodies against pseudorabies virus antigens. | freund's adjuvant (fa) and titermax (tm) were compared for their effectiveness in the induction of the anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id or ab2) in pigs, goats and mice against swine polyclonal anti-pseudorabies virus (prv) antibodies (ab1) by sequential immunization procedures. both adjuvants had similar effects on inducing anti-swine immunoglobulin antibodies in the animals. however, high levels of the anti-id were only generated in animals that received fa. serological characterization of th ... | 1995 | 8533307 |
| a study of two mutant strains of pseudorabies virus (prv) unable to express thymidine kinase (tk) function. | two mutant strains of pseudorabies virus (prv) were selected from the virulent 86/27v virus treated with chemical drugs. the viruses, named 6a1 and 6c2, respectively, appeared to be unable to express thymidine kinase function, as demonstrated by the autoradiography test. they showed a reduced virulence for some susceptible animal species (chickens, mice, rabbits, calves, lambs and piglets) and virus was isolated sporadically. the mutant viruses appeared to be able to protect animals against infe ... | 1995 | 7483895 |
| field trial to evaluate immunogenicity of a glycoprotein i (ge)-deleted pseudorabies virus vaccine after its administration in the presence of maternal antibodies. | a field trial was conducted on a commercial swine farm quarantined because of infection with pseudorabies virus. the purpose was to investigate, in growing pigs born to hyperimmunized sows, the immunogenicity of a vaccine with a glycoprotein i (ge) deletion. one hundred twenty pigs were assigned at random to 1 of 3 vaccination schedules at ages: 8 and 12 weeks; 8, 12, and 14 weeks; and 8, 12, and 16 weeks. immune response was measured at 8, 12, 14, 16, and 18 weeks, using the serum neutralizatio ... | 1995 | 7486392 |
| study of transneuronal passage of pseudorabies virus in rat central nervous system by use of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. | we studied the uptake and sequential transneuronal passage of pseudorabies virus (prv) in rat cns by use of a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. protocols for rapid detection of prv by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in rats with prv infection of the cns after intranasal instillation of a wild-type strain of prv were optimized in vitro, using porcine kidney-15 cells. pseudorabies virus-specific hybridization signals appeared in the cytoplasm and nucleus ... | 1995 | 7486398 |
| systematic introduction of proline in a eukaryotic signal sequence suggests asymmetry within the hydrophobic core. | the hydrophobic core or h region of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal sequences is the predominant structural domain that controls the efficiency of protein translocation across membranes. characteristically, hydrophobic cores appear to assume alpha-helical conformations, and studies in prokaryotes have indicated that this conformation is necessary for efficient signal sequence function. to address the conformational constraints of a eukaryotic signal sequence, we have introduced a single p ... | 1995 | 7499261 |
| cellular receptor structures for pseudorabies virus are blocked by antithrombin iii. | pseudorabies virus (prv), an alphaherpesvirus of swine, uses cellular heparan sulfate residues as a receptor for attachment. interaction of the virus with its receptor is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein c (prv-gc), a protein with heparin-binding properties. we have previously shown that a region of this protein shows structural similarities to the high-affinity heparin-binding site of the serum protease-inhibitor antithrombin iii (atii). in this publication, we describe the effect of atiii ... | 1995 | 7500917 |
| role of glycoprotein gd in the adhesion of pseudorabies virus infected cells and subsequent cell-associated virus spread. | pseudorabies virus (prv) infected cells in suspension are able to adhere to a monolayer of uninfected cells by means of prv glycoproteins expressed at the outer cell membrane, with gb and gc playing a major role as ligands and a heparinlike substance as receptor. in order to investigate the role of gd in this process and subsequent transmission of infectivity to contact cells, experiments with a gd deletion mutant, heparin and a monoclonal antibody (mab) against gd were performed. the first indi ... | 1995 | 7503685 |
| construction and properties of pseudorabies virus recombinants with altered control of immediate-early gene expression. | to investigate how altered control of expression of the essential immediate-early (ie) gene of pseudorabies virus influences virus replication and virulence, we replaced the ie promoter with the tissue-specific promoters of the bovine cytokeratin iv gene (ckiv), the bovine cytokeratin vib gene (ckvib), or the inducible promoter of drosophila heat shock gene hsp70. we compared expression of the ie gene of the wild-type virus and recombinant viruses in different cell types and at different tempera ... | 1995 | 7527083 |
| the population biology of suid herpesvirus 1. | suid herpesvirus 1 (shv-1) is the causative agent of aujeszky's disease (ad, pseudorabies), known worldwide as a major economical threat to pig farming. measures are taken in many countries to control or eradicate the disease and considerable effort therefore has been focused on the elucidation of the epizootiology of the infection. these studies were greatly facilitated by the possibilities, first reported in the early eighties, to identify shv-1 strains by means of restriction fragment pattern ... | 1995 | 7702877 |
| the retinohypothalamic tract originates from a distinct subset of retinal ganglion cells. | the retinal ganglion cells giving rise to retinohypothalamic projections in the rat were identified using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) or fluorogold injected into the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn), and using transneuronal transport of the bartha strain of the swine herpesvirus (prv-bartha). when prv-bartha is injected into one eye, it is taken up by retinal ganglion cells, replicated, transported to axon terminals in the scn, and released. there the virus may take one, or ... | 1995 | 7706557 |
| influence of passive immunity on pig immunization with deleted aujeszky's disease vaccines measured by the amount of wild virus excretion after challenge. | four attenuated glycoprotein i deleted aujeszky's disease virus (adv) vaccines were compared on the basis of their ability to induce immunity in the presence of passive antibodies. the relative severity of clinical disease and amount of viral excretion following experimental challenge with virulent adv were determined among groups of eight pigs that were unvaccinated or vaccinated with one of the four adv vaccines. vaccinated pigs received two vaccine doses, the first administered when passively ... | 1995 | 7716884 |
| [the use of gene amplification for the detection of the aujeszky's disease virus in the sperm of boars]. | the aim of the present study was to specify the experimental conditions for the use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the detection of the pseudorabies virus in boar semen. boar semen was artificially contaminated by aujeszky's disease virus and submitted to the pcr. the seminal plasma fraction of the semen was found inhibitory for pcr. an incubation of the samples with proteinase k followed by an extraction of the viral dna on a glass matrix was shown to be able to remove the inhibition ... | 1995 | 7735305 |
| a deletion at the ul/ir junction reduces pseudorabies virus neurovirulence. | a recombinant pseudorabies virus (prv), designated llt beta delta 2, which contains a 3-kbp deletion spanning the junction of the unique long and internal repeat sequences was constructed. compared with the parental strain and a virus rescued for the deleted sequences, llt beta delta 2 exhibited similar replication characteristics in tissue culture. when inoculated intranasally in swine, llt beta delta 2 was significantly reduced in virulence and did not produce neurological signs characteristic ... | 1995 | 7815517 |
| a heterologous heparin-binding domain can promote functional attachment of a pseudorabies virus gc mutant to cell surfaces. | the efficient attachment of pseudorabies virus to cultured cells is dependent on an electrostatic interaction between negatively charged cell surface heparan sulfate and the viral envelope glycoprotein gc. deletion of the first one-third of gc severely impairs virus attachment, but the mutant virions are still capable of entering cells and establishing an infection via a gc-independent pathway. this region of gc contains three clusters of positively charged amino acids that exactly or nearly con ... | 1995 | 7815550 |
| survival of pseudorabies virus on swabs maintained under standard field sample shipping conditions. | pseudorabies virus survival was compared using three different types of applicator swabs in eagle's minimum essential medium held under shipping conditions (packed with frozen gel packs) for up to 96 hours. virus titer decay rates for dacron-tipped applicators were not statistically different from those of controls. titer decay rates were statistically different from controls for cotton- and calcium alginate-tipped applicators. with the lowest input virus titer, virus was detectable up to 96, 72 ... | 1995 | 7779965 |
| role of viral proteins and concanavalin a in in vitro replication of pseudorabies virus in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | we examined the capability of pseudorabies virus (prv) to replicate in vitro in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and characterized the phenotype of infected cells. in addition, we investigated whether inactivation of various prv proteins or the expression of a foreign gene affected this replication. finally, we studied the replication of prv strains in concanavalin a (con a)-stimulated lymphocytes. the replication of prv mutants with inactivated glycoproteins ge or gg, thymidine ... | 1995 | 7782771 |
| genetic recombination of pseudorabies virus: evidence that homologous recombination between insert sequences is less frequent than between autologous sequences. | we studied in vivo recombination between a thymidine kinase (tk) negative, glycoprotein e (ge) negative, attenuated strain and a virulent strain of pseudorabies virus (prv) in pigs. to simplify the detection of recombination we inserted different but overlapping (375 bp) parts of the e1 gene of classical swine fever virus into the gg locus of both virus strains. recombination between the e1 sequences of these viruses results in reconstitution of the complete e1 coding sequence and expression of ... | 1995 | 7794111 |
| new developments in the construction of safer and more versatile pseudorabies virus vaccines. | 1995 | 7796971 | |
| characterization of live pseudorabies virus vaccines. | 1995 | 7796972 | |
| the influence of recombination on the genetic stability of pseudorabies vaccine virus. | 1995 | 7796973 | |
| interferon-alpha production and tissue localization of interferon-alpha/beta producing cells after intradermal administration of aujeszky's disease virus-infected cells in pigs. | intradermal administration of glutaraldehyde-fixed aujeszky's disease virus (adv) infected autologous or allogeneic cells resulted in the induction of an interferon (ifn)-alpha response in pigs. using a sensitive dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (delfia), ifn-alpha was detected in blood at 8 and 24 h after injection of adv-infected cells. in parallel, by means of in situ hybridization, ifn-alpha/beta mrna containing cells were demonstrated in regional lymph nodes. occasional if ... | 1995 | 7863258 |
| investigation of pseudorabies virus dna and rna in trigeminal ganglia and tonsil tissues of latently infected swine. | pseudorabies virus (prv) nucleic acids in the trigeminal ganglia and tonsils of swine latently infected with the virus were analyzed. by use of dna-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), 14 of 14 trigeminal ganglia and 12 of 14 tonsils were positive for prv genomes. by use of rna-pcr, rna containing the large latency transcript splice junction were detected in 4 of 4 trigeminal ganglia and 4 of 5 tonsils. in general, results of both pcr procedures indicated that the amounts of prv dna and rna per micr ... | 1995 | 7535023 |
| cell-free and cell-associated viremia in pigs after oronasal infection with aujeszky's disease virus. | nine pigs were examined for the presence of viremia during the first week after oronasal inoculation of 10(8.0) tcid50 aujeszky's disease virus (adv). blood was taken at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days post inoculation (pi) and the presence of cell-free adv in plasma and of adv-infected mononuclear cells was examined by titration and by cocultivation with permissive cells, respectively. the mononuclear cells of 6 of the 9 pigs, collected at 3 and 5 days pi were further separated into subpopulations of enr ... | 1995 | 7540341 |
| [results of aujeszky disease control using marker vaccines]. | 1995 | 7570555 | |
| a mutant of pseudorabies virus with deletion of glycoprotein giii gene prepared from a japanese isolate: it fails to agglutinate mouse erythrocytes. | a mutant with deletion of the glycoprotein giii gene was produced from a japanese isolate of pseudorabies virus (prv) and characterized. viral titers of the mutant propagated in pk-15 cells were always lower than those of the parental virus. the parental virus agglutinated balb/c mouse erythrocytes, whereas the deletion mutant showed no hemagglutinating activity. pigs inoculated with the parental virus produced not only neutralizing but also hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. on the other h ... | 1995 | 7571374 |
| mutations affecting the ul21 gene contribute to avirulence of pseudorabies virus vaccine strain bartha. | analysis of the live attenuated pseudorabies virus (prv) vaccine strain bartha indicated location of a major determinant for prv neurovirulence within the genomic bamhi fragment 4 (b. lomniczi et al., 1984, j. virol. 52, 198-205). to more precisely localize the defect, marker rescue experiments were performed using cloned subfragments of bamhi-4. rescuants were analyzed after intracerebral infection for their virulence in chicken, as well as after intranasal infection for virulence in pigs. we s ... | 1995 | 7571416 |
| inactivation of viruses in liquid manure. | the stability of some viruses and methods of virus inactivation in liquid manure are reviewed. the authors discuss experimental data on the stability of foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, aujeszky's disease virus, african swine fever virus, swine influenza virus, porcine paramyxovirus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs virus. recommendations and practical advice are given for the choice and application of chemical disinfectants for slu ... | 1995 | 7579641 |
| [vaccination trial against aujeszky's disease: development of antibody titers in sow serum, colostrum and the serum of suckling piglets and the influence of maternal antibodies on the serologic vaccination reaction of weaned piglets]. | in two vaccination trials the influence of different vaccination schedules of gifts on the colostral immunity of their offspring and the influence of maternally derived antibodies on the active formation of antibodies after vaccination in weanlings were tested. it could be shown, that vaccination of gifts 6 and 3 weeks prior to farrowing led to higher blood levels of maternally derived antibodies in their offspring than vaccination earlier during gestation or prior to mating. correlation between ... | 1995 | 7600945 |
| effect of specific antibodies on the cell-associated spread of pseudorabies virus in monolayers of different cell types. | the effect of specific pseudorabies virus (prv) antibodies on the enlargement of plaques produced by prv were studied in monolayers of different cell types. the plaque size was used as parameter for the efficacy of the cell-associated spread (cas) of prv. first, the effect of anti-prv hyperimmune serum on the plaque growth was examined in monolayers of the continuous cell lines st, sk-6 and mdck and monolayers of the primary cultures of porcine fibroblasts, endothelial cells and endometrial cell ... | 1995 | 7611884 |
| rapid detection of pseudorabies virus by the shell vial technique. | conventional 24-well microtiter plates and shell vials were seeded with pig kidney (pk-15) and bovine turbinate (bt) cells. the monolayers were inoculated with 244 clinical specimens from pigs suspected of having pseudorabies virus (prv) infection. the results of a shell vial assay (sva) were compared with those obtained in a 24-well plate cell culture assay in terms of sensitivity and speed of virus isolation. all samples were passaged only once in cell cultures in both assays. samples producin ... | 1995 | 7619897 |
| lectins inhibit the aujeszky's disease virus-induced interferon-alpha production of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | the interaction between virus and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) required to elicit the production of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) by the so-called natural interferon-producing cell is unknown. however, results from inhibition experiments suggest that viral glycoproteins are essential in this ifn induction process. we demonstrate here that cellular glycoproteins also appear to be involved in the initiation of ifn-alpha production. lectins, that is, sugar binding glycoproteins, inhibit ... | 1995 | 7627804 |
| dissemination of wild-type and gc-, ge-and gi-deleted mutants of aujeszky's disease virus in the maxillary nerve and trigeminal ganglion of pigs after intranasal inoculation. | aujeszky's disease virus (adv) is a well known neurotropic virus in pigs. in the present study the mechanism of spread of adv along the maxillary nerve and the role of the viral envelope glycoproteins gc, ge and gi in this process was examined in pigs. the ka parental strain of adv and its gc-, ge- and gi-deleted mutants were inoculated intranasally in pigs, after which virus dissemination in the maxillary nerve and the trigeminal ganglion was monitored at time intervals by means of virus isolat ... | 1995 | 7636488 |
| pseudorabies virus and equine herpesvirus 1 share a nonessential gene which is absent in other herpesviruses and located adjacent to a highly conserved gene cluster. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence and transcriptional pattern of a group of open reading frames in the pseudorabies virus (prv) genome located near the left end of the unique long region within bamhi 5' fragment at map positions 0.01 to 0.06. the 7,412-bp bamhi 5' fragment was found to contain five complete open reading frames and part of a sixth whose deduced amino acid sequences showed homology to the ul50 (partial), ul51, ul52, ul53, and ul54 gene products of herpes simplex virus typ ... | 1995 | 7637001 |
| preliminary survey of pseudorabies virus prevalence in swine herds of thailand and comparison of the relative efficacy of gi indirect and blocking elisas. | a survey of 15 swine herds ranging in size from approximately 200 to 2,000 head in central thailand was conducted to determine the prevalence of pseudorabies (pr) in the region and to determine the infection rate within herds. all swine in the survey had been routinely vaccinated with gi deletion mutant modified live virus pr vaccines. sera from individual pigs were tested for pr virus specific antibodies with both the gi blocking elisa and the gi indirect elisa. fourteen (93.3%) of the herds we ... | 1995 | 7652943 |
| cloning and expression of an antigenic domain of glycoprotein ge of pseudorabies virus in escherichia coli and its use as antigen in diagnostic assays. | use of a combination of an effective ge gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (prv) vaccine with a companion diagnostic kit for prv glycoprotein ge has proven successful in several pseudorabies-eradication programs. to produce a large quantity of functional ge protein for development of a prv-ge diagnostic kit, an escherichia coli expression system containing the distal region of the prv-ge gene of a prv strain cf was constructed. the expressed protein contained 134 amino acids of ge protein (amino ac ... | 1995 | 7661447 |
| assessment of the effectiveness of vaccination against pseudorabies in finishing pigs. | whereas the clinical efficacy of vaccination against pseudorabies has been studied extensively, methods to evaluate the influence of vaccination on pseudorabies virus (prv) transmission have only recently become available. in this study, prv transmission and growth performance in finishing pigs vaccinated either once or twice were compared. the incidence of prv infections was significantly (p = 0.039) higher in the group vaccinated once (38%) than in the group vaccinated twice (10%). the reprodu ... | 1995 | 7661450 |
| detection of pseudorabies viral dna in tonsillar epithelial cells of latently infected pigs. | the rice strain of pseudorabies virus (prv) was intranasally instilled in pigs that were seronegative to prv. cells were scraped or brushed from tonsillar surfaces biweekly until pigs were euthanatized at either 10 or 16 weeks after infection. the dna extracted from tonsillar cells or parenchyma were subjected to polymerase chain reaction analysis, using either a single set of oligonucleotide primers or nested primers from the prv gii glycoprotein gene. pigs became seropositive to prv by 3 weeks ... | 1995 | 7661452 |
| an outbreak of aujeszky's disease in sheep in northern ireland. | an outbreak of aujeszky's disease occurred in a flock of 160 ewes which had been shorn and housed adjacent to pigs which were excreting aujeszky's disease virus. the 29 affected sheep developed either the classical 'mad itch' signs associated with aujeszky's disease in ruminants or signs of encephalitis. aujeszky's disease virus was isolated from the central nervous system of the affected ewes. five farm cats also became ill and died. histological lesions of viral encephalitis were observed in o ... | 1995 | 7676579 |
| interaction of pseudorabies virus with immortalized porcine b cells: influence on surface class i and ii major histocompatibility complex and immunoglobulin m expression. | we examined whether the l14 cell line, an immortalized b cell line originating from inbred miniature pigs of the mhc haplotype d/d, could be useful to study t cell responses of pigs to pseudorabies virus (prv). compared with porcine kidney cells, the replication of prv in l14 cells was slower and yielded lower quantities of infectious virus, which agrees with the reported poor replication of prv in peripheral blood lymphocytes of swine. the virus yield and the number of l14 cells expressing the ... | 1995 | 7676609 |