Publications

establishment of latency associated with glycoprotein e (ge) seroconversion after bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in calves with high levels of passive antibodies lacking ge antibodies.	this study was conducted to investigate the glycoprotein e (ge) antibody response raised after inoculation with a low infectious dose of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in six calves possessing high levels of passive immunity from cows repeatedly vaccinated with ge deleted marker vaccine. four out of the six calves developed ge antibodies 3-5 weeks after infection, whereas the two other ones remained seronegative to ge. after 5 months of infection, the six calves were treated with dexamethasone. vi ...	2001	11470543
bovine herpesvirus 1 tegument protein vp22 interacts with histones, and the carboxyl terminus of vp22 is required for nuclear localization.	the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) ul49 gene encodes a viral tegument protein termed vp22. ul49 homologs are conserved among alphaherpesviruses. interestingly, the bhv-1 vp22 deletion mutant virus is asymptomatic and avirulent in infected cattle but produces only a slight reduction in titer in vitro. attenuation of the bhv-1 vp22 deletion mutant virus in vivo suggests that vp22 plays a functional role in bhv-1 replication. in herpes simplex virus type 1, the vp22 homolog was previously shown to in ...	2001	11483770
a mutation in the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 leads to impaired ocular shedding in acutely infected calves.	bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and infection is usually initiated in the ocular or nasal cavity. like other alphaherpesviruses, bhv-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons but has the potential of reactivating from latency and spreading. the only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (lr) rna, which is alternatively spliced in trigeminal ganglia during acute infection (l. r. devireddy and c. jones, j. virol. 72:7294-7301, 199 ...	2001	11507196
the ul41-encoded virion host shutoff (vhs) protein and vhs-independent mechanisms are responsible for down-regulation of mhc class i molecules by bovine herpesvirus 1.	the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein of alphaherpesviruses causes a rapid shutoff of host cell protein synthesis. we constructed a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) deletion mutant in which the putative vhs gene, ul41, has been disrupted. whereas protein synthesis is inhibited within 3 h after infection with wild-type bhv1, no inhibition was observed after infection with the bhv1(vhs-) deletion mutant. these results indicate that the bhv1 ul41 gene product is both necessary and sufficient for shutoff ...	2001	11514716
transcription from the gene encoding the herpesvirus entry receptor nectin-1 (hvec) in nervous tissue of adult mouse.	both human and murine forms of nectin-1 (hvec, prr1) can serve as entry receptors for several neurotropic herpesviruses, including herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1. hsv-1, hsv-2, and prv can cause lethal neurological disease in mice whether inoculation is directly into the central nervous system or by peripheral routes. expression of nectin-1 transcripts in cells of the adult mouse nervous system was assessed by in situ hyb ...	2001	11531408
tyrosine phosphorylation of bovine herpesvirus 1 tegument protein vp22 correlates with the incorporation of vp22 into virions.	tyrosine phosphorylation has been shown to play a role in the replication of several herpesviruses. in this report, we demonstrate that bovine herpesvirus 1 infection triggered tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins with molecular masses similar to those of phosphorylated viral structural proteins. one of the tyrosine-phosphorylated viral structural proteins was the tegument protein vp22. a tyrosine 38-to-phenylalanine mutation totally abolished the phosphorylation of vp22 in transfected cells. ho ...	2001	11533164
three herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript mutants with distinct and asymmetric effects on virulence in mice compared with rabbits.	herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (lat)-null mutants have decreased reactivation but normal virulence in rabbits and mice. we report here on dlat1.5, a mutant with lat nucleotides 76 to 1667 deleted. following ocular infection of rabbits, dlat1.5 reactivated at a lower rate than its wild-type parent mckrae (6.1 versus 11.8%; p = 0.0025 [chi-square test]). reactivation was restored in the marker-rescued virus dlat1.5r (12.6%; p = 0.53 versus wild type), confirming the impo ...	2001	11533165
an economic model for on-farm decision support of management to prevent infectious disease introduction into dairy farms.	a more-closed farming system can be a good starting point for eradication of infectious diseases from within a herd. the economic implications of a more-closed farming system will not always be obvious to farmers. the management decisions are related to different parts of the farm and are farm-specific. to support these decisions, a model was developed of the economic consequences of a more-closed system (a simple static and deterministic design was used). the risk factors in the model were base ...	2001	11535286
latency and reactivation of a glycoprotein e negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 vaccine: influence of virus load and effect of specific maternal antibodies.	the effects of the vaccination of neonatal calves with a glycoprotein e (ge)-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) were investigated in naïve and passively immunised calves either with the recommended dose or a 5-fold concentrated one. after inoculation (pi), all calves excreted the virus vaccine except three passively immunised calves inoculated with the lower titre. no antibody response could be detected in passively immunised calves, whatever the dose used, and they all became bhv-1 sero ...	2001	11535332
latency and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in goats and of caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1) in calves.	bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) and caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1) are related members of the herpesvirus family. since their natural hosts are often kept in close contact with each other, concern was raised that a reservoir might be established in the heterologous host in addition to the homologous host. to investigate this possibility, cross-infection experiments with bhv-1 in goats and caphv-1 in calves were performed. bhv-1 infected goats developed mild disease signs during acute infection, wh ...	2001	11556709
the bovine herpesvirus 1 immediate-early protein (bicp0) associates with histone deacetylase 1 to activate transcription.	infected-cell protein 0 encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) (bicp0) is necessary for efficient productive infection, in large part, because it activates all 3 classes of bhv-1 genes (u. v. wirth, c. fraefel, b. vogt, c. vlcek, v. paces, and m. schwyzer, j. virol. 66:2763-2772, 1992). although bicp0 is believed to be a functional homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded icp0, the only well-conserved domain between the proteins is a zinc ring finger located near the amino terminus of b ...	2001	11559788
detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells eight months postinfection.	peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from 5 calves (3 controls and 2 vaccinates) used in a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) vaccine study with a bhv-1 cooper strain challenge were collected 6 months after challenge. the pbmcs from the control animals were positive by immunofluorescence for the bhv-1 glycoprotein d (gd) while the vaccinates were negative. the pbmc samples from 4 of the 5 animals were examined for bhv-1 dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and for gd immunofluorescence at 8 mo ...	2001	11580067
involvement of microbial respiratory pathogens in acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle.	to evaluate viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens and mycoplasma spp isolated from lung tissues of cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) and cattle that had died as a result of other causes.	2001	11592313
expression kinetics of the transcript and product of the ul28 homologue of bovine herpesvirus 1.	we report that the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) ul28 orf, a homologue of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) ul28 gene, represents a functional gene encoding a viral specific protein. the bhv1 ul28 orf, located at positions 53058-->55538 of the viral genome, encodes a viral specific transcript of 3.4 kb detected at 6 h post-infection (p.i.) after which its levels accumulated up to 12 h p.i. and then remained constant up to 24 h p.i. transcription of the bhv1 ul28 was determined to initiate 95 bases up ...	2001	11597745
characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein e and use for the differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals.	a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein e (ge) was obtained. for that purpose, mice were either tolerized to bhv-1 ge-negative virus and then immunized with wild type bhv-1 or immunized with plasmid dna expressing the ge and gi glycoproteins. the mabs were characterized by their reactivity with the ge protein or the ge/gi complex and by competition experiments. results showed that the mabs were directed against three antigenic ...	2001	11600264
fusion of c3d molecule with bovine rotavirus vp7 or bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein d inhibits immune responses following dna immunization.	the binding of the complement c3d molecule with receptors on b cells and/or follicular dendritic cells (fdcs) influences the induction of humoral immune responses. for example, c3d fused to an antigen has been shown to have a strong adjuvant effect on antibody production. we investigated the possibility that co-expression of antigen and c3d as a fusion protein could enhance antigen-specific immune responses, following plasmid immunization. one or two copies of murine c3d-cdna, c3d or (c3d)(2), r ...	2001	11604163
suppository-mediated dna immunization induces mucosal immunity against bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle.	mucosal surfaces are the primary sites for the transmission of infectious agents including viruses, so effective vaccines generally should induce mucosal immunity. furthermore, noninvasive delivery is desirable because of the ease of application, the high degree of patient compliance, and the improved safety for patients and clinicians due to the elimination of needles. unfortunately, most of the conventional vaccines are parenterally administered and result in systemic rather than mucosal immun ...	2001	11689054
transcriptional and translational expression kinetics of the ul25 homologue of bovine herpesvirus 1.1.	we investigated whether the bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv1) orf, a homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) ul25 gene, represented a functional gene. the bhv1 ul25 orf, which is located at positions 60602<--62398 of the viral genome, generated a 4.5 kb transcript accumulating at low abundance as soon as 3 hours p.i. after which the levels increased up to 12h p.i. and remained constant up to 24 hours p.i. in addition, ul25 transcription initiated at 303 bases upstream from the translation ini ...	2001	11699956
reverse immunogenetic and polyepitopic approaches for the induction of cell-mediated immunity against bovine viral pathogens.	the control of several infectious diseases of animals by vaccination is perhaps the most outstanding accomplishment of veterinary medicine in the last century. even the eradication of some pathogens is in sight, at least in some parts of the world. however, infectious diseases continue to cost millions of dollars to the livestock industry. one of the reasons for the failure to control certain pathogens is the limited emphasis placed on cell-mediated immunity (cmi) in the design of vaccines again ...	2000	11708596
clinical study of the disease of calves associated with mycoplasma bovis infection.	clinical, bacteriological and serological examination of 35 calves from the age of 5 to 26 days was performed in a holstein-friesian dairy herd endemically infected with mycoplasma bovis. m. bovis was isolated from 48.6% of nasal swabs taken from the calves at the age of 5 days, and from 91.4% of the same calves at the age of 26 days, indicating the gradual spread of infection. the isolation rate of pasteurella multocida did not change much, and varied from 28.6 to 25.7%. no p. haemolytica could ...	2000	11402656
[identification of an introduced bovine herpesvirus type 1 strain in a closed dairy herd by experimental virus reactivation followed by dna restriction enzyme analysis].	in a closed dairy herd in the province of utrecht in 1995, nine replacement heifers were erroneously intramuscularly vaccinated with tracherine, a live virus ibr vaccine. more than 18 months later, serology of the herd revealed that a large part of the herd had developed an antibody response towards bhv1 (62 of 87 animals). to investigate whether tracherine had recirculated on the farm, four bhv1 antibody positive animals, of which two had been vaccinated with tracherine, were treated with corti ...	2000	11125609
antigenic and molecular characterization of a herpesvirus isolated from a north american elk.	to determine whether a herpesvirus isolated from the semen of a north american elk was related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1).	2000	11131608
specific passive immunity reduces the excretion of glycoprotein e-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 vaccine strain in calves.	we investigated the excretion of either a glycoprotein e (ge)-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1) vaccine strain or a conventional modified-live vaccine strain in both naïve and passively immunised calves. the replication of ge-negative strain was considerably reduced in the maternally immunised calves, in comparison with the non-immune calves. on the other hand, the excretion of the ge-positive conventional vaccine strain was not reduced and even seemed to be prolonged in the presence of ...	2000	11137234
induction of immune responses in newborn lambs following enteric immunization with a human adenovirus vaccine vector.	we investigated the antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses of newborn lambs following enteric immunization, targeting jejunal peyer's patches with a human adenovirus vector that expressed the glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus-1. both humoral and cell-mediated gd-specific mucosal immune responses were detected in newborn lambs (1-4 days old) after a single immunization and these responses were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those detected in 5-6-week-old lambs ...	2000	11137268
isolation of respiratory bovine coronavirus, other cytocidal viruses, and pasteurella spp from cattle involved in two natural outbreaks of shipping fever.	to identify cytocidal viruses and pasteurella spp that could be isolated from cattle involved in 2 natural outbreaks of shipping fever.	2000	10825949
natural case of bovine herpesvirus 1 meningoencephalitis in an adult cow.		2000	10839237
gene gun-mediated dna immunization primes development of mucosal immunity against bovine herpesvirus 1 in cattle.	vaccination by a mucosal route is an excellent approach to the control of mucosally acquired infections. several reports on rodents suggest that dna vaccines can be used to achieve mucosal immunity when applied to mucosal tissues. however, with the exception of one study with pigs and another with horses, there is no information on mucosal dna immunization of the natural host. in this study, the potential of inducing mucosal immunity in cattle by immunization with a dna vaccine was demonstrated. ...	2000	10846091
the extracellular part of glycoprotein e of bovine herpesvirus 1 is sufficient for complex formation with glycoprotein i but not for cell-to-cell spread.	glycoproteins ge and gi of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) are type i transmembrane proteins that can form a complex that is involved in cell-to-cell spread mechanisms. the extracellular domains of both proteins have cysteine-rich regions that are also found in the homologous proteins of other alpha-herpesviruses. the extracellular domain of ge has two conserved cysteine-rich regions: c1 and c2. the other conserved regions in ge are located between c2 and transmembrane region and in the cytoplasmic ...	2000	10752556
detection of annexins i and iv in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from calves inoculated with bovine herpes virus-1.	annexins are phospholipid-binding proteins and are abundant in the lung. annexins i and iv, but not ii and vi, have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids from calves inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica, the pathogen for calf pneumonia. in this study, bal fluids from calves with experimental pneumonia induced by inoculation to right lung lobes of bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), the major viral pathogen for pneumonia, were examined for detection of annexins i and iv. of 6 calves ...	2000	10676887
decreased apolipoprotein c-iii concentration in the high-density lipoprotein fraction from calves inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1.	lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein concentrations are known to be altered during the acute-phase response. we have previously shown that the serum activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (lcat) and concentration of cholesteryl esters, both constituents of the high-density lipoprotein (hdl) fraction, are reduced in calves inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1, the two major pathogens for calf pneumonia. the concentration of apolipoprotein c-iii (apoc-iii), a low ...	2000	10676889
cellular expression of alphaherpesvirus gd interferes with entry of homologous and heterologous alphaherpesviruses by blocking access to a shared gd receptor.	several human and animal alphaherpesviruses can enter cells via human herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec), a receptor for viral glycoprotein d (gd). in previous studies with cells expressing unknown entry mediators, cellular expression of alphaherpesvirus gd was shown to inhibit entry of the homologous virus and sometimes also of heterologous alphaherpesviruses. to investigate the mechanism of gd-mediated interference and the basis for cross-interference among alphaherpesviruses, hvec was expres ...	2000	10683337
a role for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein e (ge) tyrosine phosphorylation in replication of bhv-1 wild-type virus but not bhv-1 ge deletion mutant virus.	bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen that causes respiratory and reproductive infections. we observed tyrosine phosphorylation of a 95-kda viral protein and dephosphorylation of 55- and 103-kda cellular proteins during the course of bhv-1 infection. we demonstrated bhv-1 glycoprotein e (ge) to be the tyrosine phosphorylated viral protein by immunoprecipitation. inhibition of phosphorylation of bhv-1 ge by tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin ag147 ...	2000	10683338
bovine herpesvirus 1 u(l)3.5 interacts with bovine herpesvirus 1 alpha-transinducing factor.	the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) u(l)3.5 gene encodes a 126-amino-acid tegument protein. homologs of u(l)3.5 are present in some alphaherpesviruses and have 20 to 30% overall amino acid homology that is concentrated in the n-terminal 50 amino acids. mutant pseudorabies virus lacking u(l)3.5 is deficient in viral egress but can be complemented by bhv-1 u(l)3.5 (w. fuchs, h. granzow, and t. c. mettenleiter, j. virol. 71:8886-8892, 1997). the function of bhv-1 u(l)3.5 in bhv-1 replication is not kn ...	2000	10684304
pneumonia induced byendobronchial inoculation of calves with bovine herpesvirus 1.	each of six calves inoculated endobronchially with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) by means of a bronchoscope developed viral pneumonia. gross and histopathological lesions were mainly localized to the right diaphragmatic lobe (middle to caudal region) of the lung and were closely associated with the site of the deposition of the inoculum. the lesions were characterized by intranuclear inclusion bodies associated with focal necrosis of the epithelium in the lower respiratory tract. bhv-1 antigen an ...	2000	10684687
a ge-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine strain is not re-excreted nor transmitted in an experimental cattle population after corticosteroid treatments.	to study possible reactivation and to quantify subsequent transmission of a live ge-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vaccine strain in cattle populations, four experiments were performed. two groups of cattle were each tested twice for the possibility of reactivation. inoculation with a ge-negative bhv1 vaccine was done either intramuscularly or intranasally and treatment with corticosteroids in an attempt to reactivate vaccine virus, was done after 6 or 11 weeks, and again after 6 months. t ...	2000	10706958
distinctions between bovine herpesvirus 1 and herpes simplex virus type 1 vp22 tegument protein subcellular associations.	the alphaherpesvirus tegument protein vp22 has been characterized with multiple traits including microtubule reorganization, nuclear localization, and nonclassical intercellular trafficking. however, all these data were derived from studies using herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and may not apply to vp22 homologs of other alphaherpesviruses. we compared subcellular attributes of hsv-1 vp22 (hvp22) with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) vp22 (bvp22) using green fluorescent protein (gfp)-fused vp22 ...	2000	10708447
a ge-negative bhv1 vaccine virus strain cannot perpetuate in cattle populations.	three identical transmission experiments were successively performed to quantitatively evaluate the possible transmission of a ge-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vaccine strain among cattle. after intranasal inoculation, the vaccine virus was excreted in high titers in nasal fluids. however, the vaccine virus was transmitted to only one sentinel in one experiment, and not to any of the 10 sentinel cattle in the other two experiments. based on these observations, it can be concluded that the ...	2000	10715526
comparison of three polymerase chain reaction methods for routine detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 dna in fresh bull semen.	five bulls were inoculated intrapreputially with bovineherpes virus 1 (bhv 1), in order to compare the relative sensitivity of three polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for routine diagnosis of fresh bovine semen for the presence of bhv 1 semen was collected twice a week up to 107 days post-infection (dpi). to reactivate latent virus, the bulls were treated with dexamethasone from 44 until 48 dpi. all samples were examined before and after cryopreservation treatment using a standard virus iso ...	2000	10716339
bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 prime uninfected macrophages for lipopolysaccharide-triggered apoptosis by interferon-dependent and -independent pathways.	the flavivirus bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus exists in two biotypes, cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp), defined by their effect on cultured cells. cp bvd virus-infected cells undergo apoptosis and may promote apoptosis in uninfected cells by an indirect mechanism. macrophages (mφ) infected with cp, but not ncp, bvd virus release a factor(s) in the supernatant capable of priming uninfected mφ for activation-induced apoptosis in response to lipopolysaccharide. a possible role o ...	2000	10725412
homologous and heterologous interference requires bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d at the cell surface during virus entry.	expression of glycoprotein d (gd) of alphaherpesviruses protects cells from superinfection by homologous and heterologous viruses by a mechanism termed interference. we recently showed that mdbk cells expressing bovine herpesvirus (bhv)-1gd (mdbk(gd)) resist bhv-1, pseudorabies virus (prv) and herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) but not the more closely related bhv-5 infection as determined by the number of plaques produced. however, the plaque size is reduced in all four viral infections suggesting ...	2000	10725431
fusion of the green fluorescent protein to amino acids 1 to 71 of bovine respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein g directs the hybrid polypeptide as a class ii membrane protein into the envelope of recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1.	it was recently shown that the class ii membrane glycoprotein g of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is integrated into the envelope of recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) virions in the correct orientation. to verify the hypothesis that the membrane anchor of brsv g might be suitable to target heterologous polypeptides into the membrane of recombinant bhv-1 particles, an open reading frame encoding a fusion protein between amino acids 1 to 71 of the brsv g glycoprotein and the gree ...	2000	10725432
pseudorabies virus expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein b exhibits altered neurotropism and increased neurovirulence.	herpesvirus glycoproteins play dominant roles in the initiation of infection of target cells in culture and thus may also influence viral tropism in vivo. whereas the relative contribution of several nonessential glycoproteins to neurovirulence and neurotropism of pseudorabies virus (prv), an alphaherpesvirus which causes aujeszky's disease in pigs, has recently been uncovered in studies using viral deletion mutants, the importance of essential glycoproteins is more difficult to assess. we isola ...	2000	10623744
structural aspects of the zona pellucida of in vitro-produced bovine embryos: a scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopic study.	structural aspects of the bovine zona pellucida (zp) of in vitro-matured (ivm) oocytes and in vitro-produced (ivp) embryos were studied in two experiments to find a tentative explanation for the zona's barrier function against viral infection. in experiment 1, the ultrastructure of the outer zp surface was studied. the diameter (nm) and the number of the outer pores within an area of 5000 microm(2) of 10 ivm oocytes, 10 zygotes, 10 8-cell-stage embryos, and 10 morulae were evaluated by scanning ...	2000	10642588
[heck cattle in the oostvaardersplassen: risk for infectious diseases or not?].	this article discusses risk analysis of infectious diseases in a cattle population. heck cattle living in nature reserve 'de oostvaardersplassen' were studied as an example of the risk analysis approach. twenty-five adult cattle were tested for every infectious disease agent that the risk analysis indicated might be prevalent. all sampled cattle tested positive for bovine herpesvirus 1, whereas the prevalence of antibodies against other infectious disease agents was below the level that was assu ...	2000	10666788
evaluating control strategies for outbreaks in bhv1-free areas using stochastic and spatial simulation.	several countries within the eu have successfully eradicated bovine herpesvirus type i (bhv1), while others are still making efforts to eradicate the virus. reintroduction of the virus into bhv1-free areas can lead to major outbreaks - thereby causing severe economic losses. to give decision-makers more insight into the risk and economic consequences of bhv1 reintroduction and into the effectiveness of various control strategies, we developed the simulation model interibr. interibr is a dynamic ...	2000	10727742
virulent strain of ibr virus causes problems for scottish cattle.		2000	10731067
polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic fragments of bovine herpesvirus-1.	especial conditions were developed for the amplification of five dna segments from us region of bhv-1 by polymerase chain reaction. in order to eliminate most nonspecific products it was found that addition of three cosolvents dmso, glycerol and np 40 was a simple method for increasing the specificity of amplification.	2000	10733743
the use of immunomodulators in the control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.	three experiments have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of an immunomodulator, baypamun (bayer ag) in limiting the spread of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), the causal agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr). in the first experiment, four calves infected with bhv-1 developed severe disease whereas four calves given baypamun simultaneously with the virus had less severe disease. four other calves in contact with the infected calves became severely ill but another four given bay ...	2000	10855662
analysis of latency in cattle after inoculation with a temperature sensitive mutant of bovine herpesvirus 1 (rlb106).	calves were inoculated with the bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) vaccine strain (rlb 106), which is a temperature sensitive mutant. the route of inoculation was intranasal instillation or intramuscular (i.m.) injection (flank or neck). as a control, five calves were given placebo by i.m. injection of the neck. regardless of the infection route, clinical symptoms did not occur. however, bhv-1 neutralizing antibodies were detected after inoculation demonstrating that sero-conversion occurred. at 60 d ...	2000	10856798
specific toxins destabilize virus inhibitors (e.g. aids viruses).	there are two approaches to the study of viral infections - the a-z hypothesis of sprietsma involving thiol-zinc inhibition of protease activation in the virus coat, and the activity of toxins in depleting the cell of thiols, or the activity of toxins activating (not detoxifying) the mixed function oxidase (mfo) system. both of these systems generate free radicals and utilize thiols in the process. zinc forms stable mercaptides with thiols, inhibits cyclic reduction-autoxidation of thiols and su ...	2000	10867741
epitopes on glycoprotein e and on the glycoprotein e/glycoprotein i complex of bovine herpesvirus 1 are expressed by all of 222 isolates and 11 vaccine strains.	glycoprotein e (ge) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) forms a complex with glycoprotein i (gi) and plays an important role in cell-to-cell spread mechanisms of the virus, but is not essential for propagation of the virus. to study the antigenic variability of bhv1 glycoprotein e, a set of six well characterised monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was established using bhv1 ge and gi deletion mutants, eukaryotically expressed ge and gi and pepscan analysis. two of these mabs reacted with a linear ge epitop ...	2000	10881679
virological and serological studies on the role of pi-3 virus, brsv, bvdv and bhv-1 on respiratory infections of cattle. i. the detection of etiological agents by direct immunofluorescence technique.	nasal cells extracted from nasal swabs obtained from 95 cattle with signs of respiratory disease, out of eleven different herds, were tested for bhv-1, pi-3 virus, brsv and bvdv using direct immunofluorescence technique. viral antigen positive samples were detected in seven out of eleven herds examined. of the 95 individual diseased cattle, 19 were found positive for at least one viral antigen. it was found that especially bhv-1 and pi-3 virus are important causative agents in cattle respiratory ...	2000	10887671
social isolation may influence responsiveness to infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 in veal calves.	an experiment was performed to develop a model to study the impact of stress on responsiveness to infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) in veal calves. social isolation after previous group-housing was used as a putatively stressful treatment. group-housed specific pathogen-free veal calves (n=8) were experimentally infected with bhv1 at the age of 12 weeks. half of the calves were socially isolated at the time of infection. clinical, virological and serological responses to bhv1, and adren ...	2000	10889404
a rapid and sensitive pcr-based diagnostic assay to detect bovine herpesvirus 1 in routine diagnostic submissions.	we describe a rapid, sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of bhv1 dna in a range of routine diagnostic submissions without the need for prior virus isolation. the assay, which is based on the selected amplification of a portion of the viral tk gene, detected both bhv1.1 and bhv1.2 subtypes in a panel of 15 characterised field isolates, and its sensitivity was estimated to be <0.125 tcid(50). bhv2, alcephaline herpesvirus, bhv4, equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1 ...	2000	10889405
adjuvant effects of sulfolipo-cyclodextrin in a squalane-in-water and water-in-mineral oil emulsions for bhv-1 vaccines in cattle.	the antibody and cell mediated immune responses induced by bhv-1 were analysed in cattle after vaccination and challenge exposure to the virulent strain la of bhv-1. animals were vaccinated intramuscularly (im) with inactivated virus vaccines against bhv-1 containing either a water in mineral oil adjuvant (w/o), a water in mineral oil adjuvant plus avridine (w/o+avridine) or sulfolipo-cyclodextrin in squalane in-water emulsion (sl-cd/s/w). no significant differences were registered in the antibo ...	2000	10924795
airborne transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 infections in calves under field conditions.	a small scale transmission experiment was performed with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) in a cattle population under field conditions. 10 calves were housed under strict hygienic conditions, with a distance of 4m between each calf. five calves were experimentally infected with bhv1, two calves with strain harberink and three with strain lam, respectively. experimentally infected calves were placed at 4 m distance from five susceptible sentinel calves. airborne transmission to sentinel calves was de ...	2000	10925036
fetal immunization by a dna vaccine delivered into the oral cavity.	infectious diseases are the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in humans. the world health organization estimated that in 1995 approximately 8 million infants died within the first year of life from infectious diseases, including 5 million during the first week of life. some of the salient pathogens involved include herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, human cytomegalovirus, group b streptococcus, hemophilus and chlamydia. infection with these pathog ...	2000	10932233
bovine viral diarrhea viral infections in feeder calves with respiratory disease: interactions with pasteurella spp., parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus.	the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections was determined in a group of stocker calves suffering from acute respiratory disease. the calves were assembled after purchase from tennessee auctions and transported to western texas. of the 120 calves, 105 (87.5%) were treated for respiratory disease. sixteen calves died during the study (13.3%). the calves received a modified live virus bhv-1 vaccine on day 0 of the study. during the study, approximately 5 wk in duration, sera fr ...	2000	10935880
neurovirulence of glycoprotein c(gc)-deleted bovine herpesvirus type-5 (bhv-5) and bhv-5 expressing bhv-1 gc in a rabbit seizure model.	herpesvirus glycoprotein c (gc) is one of the major virus attachment proteins. bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) causes respiratory and genital diseases in cattle, whereas bhv-5 causes acute meningoencephalitis in calves. the gc gene sequence of these two viruses are substantially different. to determine the contribution of the bhv-5 glycoprotein gc (gc5) to the neuropathogenesis of bhv-5, we have constructed two bhv-5 recombinants: gc-deleted bhv-5 (bhv-5gcdelta) and bhv-5 expressing bhv1 gc (b ...	2000	10951552
bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein g is required for viral growth by cell-to-cell infection.	the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) us4 gene encodes glycoprotein g (gg), which is conserved in the majority of alphaherpesviruses. in order to identify the role of bhv-1 gg in the viral infection cycle, a gg minus bhv-1 mutant and its gg-positive revertant were constructed and their growth characteristics in madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells were compared. the gg minus mutant formed smaller plaques than the gg-positive bhv-1 in mdbk cells. when a monolayer culture of mdbk cells was infected w ...	2000	10958989
the removal of viruses during the purification of equine antisera using filtration aids hyflo super-cel and fulmon super a.	the manufacturing process in australia for equine antisera against various venoms/toxins is based primarily on ammonium sulphate precipitation of pepsin-digested igg, whereby fc and f(ab')(2)fragments are separated. the capacity of the process to remove non-enveloped and enveloped model viruses was assessed using a scaled-down process. each virus was added to mid-process samples from equine plasma before the material was applied to hyflo super-celtrade mark filtration followed by fulmonttrade ma ...	2000	10964443
response of the ruminant respiratory tract to mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica.	pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to the sheep and cattle industry throughout the world. mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of domestic ruminants and causes serious outbreaks of acute pneumonia in neonatal, weaned and growing lambs, calves, and goats. m. haemolytica is also an important cause of pneumonia in adult animals. transportation, viral infections with agents such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza-3 virus or ...	2000	10967288
evaluation of the antiviral activity of an aqueous extract from phyllanthus orbicularis.	the antiviral and cytotoxic activity of phyllanthus orbicularis, a member of the euphorbiaceae, was evaluated in tissue culture. an aqueous extract made from leaves and stems of this plant exhibited selective antiviral indexes of 12.3 and 26 against bovine herpesvirus type 1 and herpes simplex virus type 2, respectively, showing no selective antiviral activity against adenovirus type 5 and mengovirus. incubation with this plant extract during cell culture infection, impaired the productive repli ...	2000	10967489
attachment and penetration properties of bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants expressing pseudorabies virus glycoproteins gc and gb.	bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) has a relatively narrow host cell range in vitro and in vivo when compared to pseudorabies virus (prv). the aim of this study was to elucidate whether homologous glycoproteins gc and gb from prv can function in a heterologous bhv-1 background and whether the expression of these prv glycoproteins influences the in vitro host cell specificity of bhv-1.	2000	10971126
early immunity induced by a glycoprotein e-negative vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.	four groups of calves were vaccinated with a glycoprotein e-negative vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. two groups of calves were vaccinated intramuscularly and challenged with a wild-type virus 14 and seven days after being vaccinated. the other two groups were vaccinated intranasally and similarly challenged after four and three days; an unvaccinated control group was also challenged. all four vaccination schedules reduced the incidence of clinical signs and the excretion of wild-t ...	2000	10985462
immunogenic properties of a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) recombinant expressing major pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins in combination.	a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), designated bhv-1/tf17-1, which expresses pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins gb, gc, gd, ge and gi in combination was constructed. to test the protective immunity, 10 mice were inoculated with bhv-1/tf17-1 and three weeks later 10 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) challenged with 20 ld50 virulent prv (ys-81). bhv-1/tf17-1 protected all the mice from the prv lethal challenge while all the control mice died in around 3 days. mice vaccinated with ...	2000	10993182
genomic and pathogenic studies on a glycoprotein e variant field isolate of bovine herpesvirus 1.	glycoprotein e-negative (ge-) laboratory strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) were recently introduced as novel marker vaccines, allowing serological discrimination between vaccinated and naturally infected animals on the basis of lack or presence of antibodies against ge epitopes. the applicability pf this approach is based on the genetic stability of the ge. however, mutant field variants of bhv-1 with a variable response in anti-ge elisa have been isolated. the molecular characterization o ...	2000	11014611
the novel receptors that mediate the entry of herpes simplex viruses and animal alphaherpesviruses into cells.	an extended array of cell surface molecules serve as receptors for hsv entry into cells. in addition to the heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycans, which mediate the attachment of virion to cells, hsv requires an entry receptor. the repertoire of entry receptors into human cells includes molecules from three structurally unrelated molecular families. they are (i) hvea (herpesvirus entry mediator a), (ii) members of the nectin family, (iii) 3-o-sulphated heparan sulphate. the molecules have differen ...	2000	11015742
[the mechanisms for latency and reactivation of alpha herpesviridae].	alpha herpesviridae (herpes simplex virus, hsv and varicella zoster virus, vzv) is a neurotropic phathogen of humans that establishes latent infection in the sensory ganglia, and periodically reactivates from latently infected neurons. most of basic research for analyzing the mechanism of latency and reactivation of herpes viruses has been carried out in hsv. according to the results from the molecular analysis in the neurons latently infected with hsv, during latency, the virus genome is quiesc ...	2000	10774199
[bvd approach: vaccination and eradication].	the vulnerability of cattle populations that do not have adequate levels of antibodies against the bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) virus was demonstrated in february 1999, when a contaminated vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) was accidentally used. only cattle with antibodies against bvd survived this unintentional challenge. a bvd infection can be detected easily with currently available laboratory techniques, but the virus is less easy to eliminate. the risk of financial los ...	2000	10775986
inactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 in semen using a hyperimmune egg yolk semen extender.	hyperimmune egg yolk semen extender was used for the inactivation of bovine herpesvirus (bhv-1) in experimentally infected bovine semen. as much as 5 x 10(4) tcid50/ml of virus was inactivated in semen as assayed by tissue culture. moreover the hyperimmune egg yolk semen extender did not produce any adverse effect on the quality of the semen after being frozen/thawed in comparison with normal egg yolk semen extender (p > 0.05). the hyperimmune egg yolk semen extender is considered an important t ...	2000	10780175
the murine homolog of human nectin1delta serves as a species nonspecific mediator for entry of human and animal alpha herpesviruses in a pathway independent of a detectable binding to gd.	the full-length cdna of the murine homolog of human nectin1delta (mnectin1delta), also known as human poliovirus receptor related 1 (prr1) or herpesvirus entry mediator c, was cloned and showed a >90% identity with its human counterpart. mnectin1delta is expressed in some murine cell lines, exemplified by nih 3t3 and l cells, and in murine tissues. it mediates entry of an extended range of herpes simplex virus (hsv) strains, porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1. a soluble f ...	2000	10781093
viral contamination of embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen.	despite the worldwide application of embryo-freezing technology as the means of preserving germplasm of mammalian species, there is no information available on the possible transmission of infectious agents to cryopreserved embryos via contaminated liquid nitrogen (ln). recently, it has been reported that new methods of cryopreservation which employ ultrarapid freezing or vitrification require direct contact between the freezing medium containing oocytes or embryos and liquid phase nitrogen (lpn ...	2000	10788310
the serological bhv1 status of dams determines the precolostral status of their calves.	precolostral calves and their dams were serologically investigated for the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 in diagnostic tests with a very high sensitivity and specificity. although the syndesmo-chorial type of placenta of ruminants does not transfer gamma globulins, a large number of calves had antibodies, in most cases in a very low concentration. significant correlations were found between the serological status of the dam, the status of the calf, and the titre of antibodi ...	2000	10789518
effects of bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in calves with maternal antibodies on immune response and virus latency.	the presence of maternally derived antibodies can interfere with the development of an active antibody response to antigen. infection of seven passively immunized young calves with a virulent strain of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was performed to determine whether they could become seronegative after the disappearance of maternal antibodies while latently infected with bhv-1. four uninfected calves were controls. all calves were monitored serologically for 13 to 18 months. in addition, the ...	2000	10790117
persistence and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 in the tonsils of latently infected calves.	bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), like other members of the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, establishes latent infection in sensory neurons. reactivation from latency can occur after natural or corticosteroid-induced stress culminating in recurrent disease and/or virus transmission to uninfected animals. our previous results concluded that cd4(+) t cells in the tonsil and other adjacent lymph nodes are infected and undergo apoptosis during acute infection (m. t. winkler, a. doster, and c. jones, j. vi ...	2000	10799611
prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1 in the belgian cattle population.	the national bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) seroprevalence (apparent prevalence) in the belgian cattle population was determined by a serological survey that was conducted from december 1997 to march 1998. in a random sample of herds (n=556), all cattle (n=28478) were tested for the presence of antibodies to glycoprotein b of bhv-1. no differentiation could be made between vaccinated and infected animals, because the exclusive use of marker vaccines was imposed by law only in 1997 by the belgian v ...	2000	10821966
immunohistochemical characterization of calf pneumonia produced by the combined endobronchial administration of bovine herpesvirus 1 and pasteurella haemolytica.	ten calves ("group 4") were inoculated endobronchially with pasteurella haemolytica 4 days after inoculation with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). four calves (group 3) were similarly inoculated with p. haemolytica alone, and three (group 2) with bhv-1 alone. all group 4 animals showed severe respiratory signs and had bilateral lobar pneumonia; one died 6 days after inoculation with p. haemolytica. two types of pneumonic lesion were observed. one was characterized by interlobular and interstitial l ...	2000	11032665
the in vivo effects of recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 expressing bovine interferon-gamma.	to study the biological relevance of using bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) as a vector for expressing cytokines, a bhv-1 virus that expressed bovine interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) was constructed. this recombinant virus (bhv-1/ifngamma) was then used to infect the natural host in a respiratory disease model. in vitro characterization of the recombinant interferon-gamma confirmed that the cytokine expressed in bhv-1-infected cells was biologically active. the in vivo effects of the recombinant ifn-gam ...	2000	11038378
biolistic-mediated gene transfer using the bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d is an effective delivery system to induce neutralizing antibodies in its natural host.	a genetic vaccine consisting of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (gd) gene was constructed and administered to cattle using the biolistic (gene-gun) process. results were compared to standard intramuscular injection of an inactivated whole bhv-1 commercial vaccine. cattle genetically immunized by the gene-gun-delivered gd subunit vaccine developed high titers of igg antibodies specific to gd demonstrating that this immunization method is a potent humoral response inducer. further, ...	2000	11042288
prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 latency detected by polymerase chain reaction.	in this study, an improved polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for detection of dna of latent ehv-1 strains from several sources. three pairs of oligonucleotide primers spanning fragments of 333 bp, 226 bp and 268 bp of the thymidine kinase (tk) gene, and one primer pair spanning 225 bp of the glycoprotein c (gc) gene were used in specific amplifications. primers for ehv-4 pcr were also designed. restriction digests with taqi confirmed the identity of tk pcr fragments from ehv-1. the sensit ...	2000	11043940
the immunogenicity and efficacy of replication-defective and replication-competent bovine adenovirus-3 expressing bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein gd in cattle.	replication-competent and replication-defective bovine adenovirus type 3 recombinants expressing the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (gd) were tested for induction of gd specific immune responses in calves using intratracheal (1st and 2nd immunization) and sub-cutaneous (3rd immunization) route of immunization. the replication-defective recombinant bav501 induced systemic immune responses against gd as low titers of anti gd-igg were detected in the serum. however, the efficacy o ...	2000	11044558
presence of bovine herpesvirus 1 gb-seropositive but ge-seronegative dutch cattle with no apparent virus exposure.	two hundred and thirty-seven of 2052 cattle which had not been vaccinated against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) were seropositive in a glycoprotein b (gb)-blocking elisa, but seronegative in a glycoprotein e (ge)-blocking elisa. in order to detect whether they were latently infected with bhv-1, 10 of them were treated with corticosteroids in an attempt to reactivate putatively latent virus. after successive treatments with dexamethasone and prednisolone, no virus excretion was detected and they s ...	2000	11058022
production of bovine herpesvirus type 1-seronegative latent carriers by administration of a live-attenuated vaccine in passively immunized calves.	the consequences of the vaccination of neonatal calves with the widely used live-attenuated temperature-sensitive (ts) bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) were investigated. the ts strain established acute and latent infections in all vaccinated calves either with or without passive immunity. four of seven calves vaccinated under passive immunity became clearly bhv-1 seronegative by different serological tests, as did uninfected control calves after the disappearance of maternal antibodies, and th ...	2000	11060097
optimization of bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin-estrase glycoprotein expression in e3 deleted bovine adenovirus-3.	adenoviral vectors expressing foreign genes have many desirable properties in applications such as vaccination. recently, we have generated replication-competent (e3 deleted) bovine adenovirus-3 (bav-3) recombinants expressing significant amounts of glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus-1 (a dna virus). however, attempts to express the rna virus genes using the same strategy were not successful. in an effort to optimize the expression, we have constructed several bav-3 recombinants carrying ...	2000	11074126
analysis of cyclins in trigeminal ganglia of calves infected with bovine herpesvirus-1.	following acute infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), cyclin expression was examined in trigeminal ganglia (tg). cyclin a was primarily detected in the nucleus of tg neurons. in contrast, cyclin d1 and cyclin e were detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tg neurons. uninfected or latently infected calves did not express detectable levels of these cyclins in tg neurons. following dexamethasone-induced reactivation, cyclins d1, e and a were also detected in tg neurons. in situ h ...	2000	11086130
a vhs-like activity of bovine herpesvirus-1.	bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is a major pathogen of cattle, causing significant disease including immunosuppression in infected animals. in vitro, the surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules, crucial for an appropriate anti-viral immune response of the host, is down-regulated by bhv-1 infection. northern blot analyses revealed that the mrnas for mhc class i and class ii molecules were significantly down-regulated in bhv-1 infected cells, starting as early a ...	2000	11087090
glycoprotein c of bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5) confers a distinct heparin-binding phenotype to bhv-1.	bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) causes respiratory and genital diseases in cattle, whereas the closely related bhv-5 can induce severe meningoencephalitis in calves. to characterize bhv-5 glycoprotein c (gc5) within the backbone of bhv-1, three consecutive recombinant viruses were constructed: a deletion mutant (rbhv-1delta gc blue) with gc replaced by the lacz gene, an exchange mutant (rbhv-1gc5) with the lacz of bhv-1delta gc blue exchanged by gc5, and a rescue mutant (rescue bhv-1) from rbh ...	2000	11087091
striking similarity of murine nectin-1alpha to human nectin-1alpha (hvec) in sequence and activity as a glycoprotein d receptor for alphaherpesvirus entry.	a cdna encoding the murine homolog of human nectin-1alpha (also known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 [prr1] and herpesvirus entry protein c [hvec]) was isolated. the protein encoded by this cdna proved to be 95% identical in sequence to the human protein and to have similar herpesvirus entry activity. upon expression of the murine cdna in hamster cells resistant to alphaherpesvirus entry, the cells became susceptible to the entry of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2), ps ...	2000	11090177
recombinant bovine adenovirus type 3 expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus glycoprotein e2 induces an immune response in cotton rats.	recombinant bovine adenovirus is being developed as a live vector for animal vaccination and for human gene therapy. in this study, two replication-competent bovine adenovirus 3 (bav-3) recombinants (bav331 and bav338) expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) glycoprotein e2 in the early region 3 (e3) of bav-3 were constructed. recombinant bav331 contains chemically synthesized e2 gene (nucleotides modified to remove internal cryptic splice sites) under the control of bav-3 e3/major late pr ...	2000	11112498
response to modified live and killed multivalent viral vaccine in regularly vaccinated, fresh dairy cows.	vaccination programs for viral pathogens in the dairy industry span the full spectrum of possibilities even though few of these have been evaluated in field situations. one such program is the vaccination of fresh cows 30 to 60 days postpartum with modified live viral (mlv) vaccines. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibody response to booster vaccinations during this period. the impact of vaccinations on milk production and reproductive performance was also examined. the response ...	2000	19757565
comparison of bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccines for rapid induction of immunity.	the purpose of the study reported here was to compare four different vaccine regimens for their efficacy in protecting calves from challenge with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) at 5 and 14 days after vaccination. nine experimental groups of five calves each were used to compare four vaccination regimens and a group that received no vaccine. the four vaccine regimens were: a bhv1 intramuscular (im) vaccine containing both modified live virus (mlv) and killed virus (kv); an mlv intranasal (in) vaccin ...	2000	19757568
cloning and sequencing of truncated giv glycoprotein gene of an indian isolate of bovine herpesvirus 1.	bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) has been reported from the indian subcontinent in late 70's. in order to identify the origin of an indian isolate of bhv-1 (ibr/h 167 vs) and its molecular relationship to known strains of bhv-1, a 680 bp region of the glycoprotein gene giv was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), cloned and sequenced. comparison of this sequences with the corresponding one of an european strain of bhv-1 (cooper) revealed more than 99% nucleotide (nt) homology. we conclude t ...	1999	10825929
apoptosis in bovine herpesvirus-1 infected bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	apoptosis is a process whereby cells die in a controlled manner in response to various stimuli like cytotoxins, viral antigens and normal physiological signals during differentiation and development. virus induced immunosuppression has been reported for various viral diseases including bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). in the present study, bhv-1 was found to cause apoptosis in cona stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). apoptotic index quantified by fluorescent dyes revealed ...	1999	10783756
a retrospective evaluation of a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) antibody elisa on bulk-tank milk samples for classification of the bhv-1 status of danish dairy herds.	bulk-tank milk samples analysed in a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) blocking elisa are still in use in the danish bhv-1 programme as a tool to classify dairy herds as bhv-1 infected or bhv-1 free herds. in this retrospective study, we used data from the danish bhv-1 eradication campaign to evaluate performance characteristics of the bhv-1 blocking elisa in 1039 bhv-1-seropositive and 502 repeatedly bhv-1-negative dairy herds using the results of blood testing of the individual animals as the true ...	1999	11018737
risk factors for neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in dairy herds in the netherlands (1995 to 1997).	a 2 to 1 matched case control study design was used to analyze herd level risk factors for neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in 47 dairy herds. data were obtained using a questionnaire regarding the state of affairs at the farms over the 2 years prior to the abortion storm. the questionnaire included 120 variables considered to be potential risk factors for either introduction of infection or recrudescence of chronic infection. the relationship between risk factors and case control pai ...	1999	10734392
prevalence of antibodies to ibr and bvd viruses in dairy cows with reproductive disorders.	we determined the prevalence of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in sera of dairy cows on 4 different farms in the republic of croatia. a high percentage (60.8%) of cows had various reproductive disorders. the results showed that seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) was 85.8% and that of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) was 79.2% in tested cows. antibodies to both viruses were found in 80.8% of cows with reproduct ...	1999	10729010
bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) seroprevalence in the breeding cattle population of the veneto region: prospects for the implementation of a control programme.	the results of a serological survey for bovine herpes virus (bhv1) antibodies in the breeding cattle population of the veneto region are presented. the data do not support the hypothesis of an high prevalence of bhv1; on farms where vaccination was not carried out most animals were seronegative, and seropositive animals were generally older. therefore, when drawing up the guidelines for a control programme, systematic immunization (with glycoprotein e-deleted vaccines) should be restricted only ...	1999	10676153
supernatants of virus-infected macrophages prime uninfected macrophages for lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis by both an interferon-dependent and an independent mechanism.	virus-infected macrophages (m phi) release factors priming uninfected m phi for lps-induced apoptosis. this was shown for bovine m phi infected with cytopathogenic bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) virus or with bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) but not for m phi infected with noncytopathogenic bvd virus. the former two viruses also induced interferon type i in m phi, which also primes macrophages for lps-induced apoptosis. however, several lines of evidence suggested that virus-infected m phi produce ifn ...	1999	10725806
seroepidemiology of undifferentiated fever in feedlot calves in western canada.	the relationships between 4 bacterial and 3 viral antibody titers and morbidity (undifferentiated fever (uf)) and mortality were investigated in recently weaned beef calves. blood samples from 100 animals that required treatment for uf (cases) and 100 healthy control animals (controls) were obtained: upon arrival at the feedlot (arrival), at the time of selection as a case or control (selection), and at approximately 33 d of the feeding period (convalescent). seroconversion to pasteurella haemol ...	1999	9919366