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the effect of a temperature-sensitive lesion in the alkaline dnase of herpes simplex virus type 2 on the synthesis of viral dna. 19826278703
activation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 genome by temperature-sensitive mutants of hsv type 2.previous studies have demonstrated that herpes simplex viruses (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) can be maintained in a repressed form in human embryo lung cells. reducing the incubation temperature or superinfecting with a heterologous herpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), results in activation of virus replication. we now report that superinfection with a partially homologous herpesvirus, hsv-2, also resulted in activation of hsv-1. to minimize excessive synthesis of infectious hsv- ...19826278723
viral receptors on isolated murine and human ependymal cells.viruses that infect ependyma cause ependymitis in humans and hydrocephalus in experimental animals. we report that reovirus type 1 (which induces hydrocephalus in mice) binds to the surface of isolated human and murine ciliated ependymal cells. with the use of recombinant viral clones, the binding property was mapped to the type 1 viral hemagglutinin, which also determines in vivo the affinity of reovirus type 1 for ependyma. mumps virus, measles virus, parainfluenza type 3, and herpes simplex v ...19826276976
neurological involvement in mice after infection with a cold-adapted herpes simplex type 2 virus.experimental intracerebral infection of 4-week-old mice with the ms strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 or its derivative cold variant was compared. the infectious process was followed in both the brain tissue and the trigeminal ganglia, using hematoxylin and eosin and antigenic tracing with indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining. the wild-type virus elicited a severe meningitis and necrotic lesions by 7 days post-inoculation in the brain. the cold variant produced a mild meningitis and n ...19826279512
typing of herpes simplex virus with type-specific human immunoglobulin m in an indirect immunofluorescence assay.sera from nine individuals with suspected primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2) infection were screened to identify those containing hsv type-specific immunoglobulin m (igm). selected sera were then utilized in an igm-specific indirect immunofluorescent-antibody hsv-typing assay (patent pending). to evaluate the procedure, 29 hsv isolates were grown in cultures of continuous human amnion cells, fixed, and used as substrates for indirect immunofluorescence. determination o ...19826279692
investigations in the transforming activity of temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus.transformation of rat embryo fibroblast was induced by a temperature-sensitive mutant of herpes simplex virus type 2. transformation was scored using the morphological criterion of focus formation and the cell changes that lead to the final focus are described. virus genome persistence in the transformed cell line was demonstrated by the presence of virus-specific membrane antigens and by the specificity of antibodies elicited in rabbits by inoculation of transformed cells. the cytogenetic analy ...19826280377
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus-transformed cells in the course of cervical carcinoma.the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay was used to determine whether humoral antibodies from women with cervical carcinoma in the presence of normal mononuclear cells could induce cytotoxicity to hamster embryo fibroblasts, originally transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) (333-8-9), to a cervical carcinoma cell line (me-180) and to a lung carcinoma cell line (a-549). control groups consisted of 81 age-matched healthy women and 77 patients suffering from malignancies ...19826280493
enhanced tumor growth in vivo by a factor in human platelets and rat liver.liver cell supernatant and platelet extract can promote the in vivo growth of herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed hamster embryo fibroblast cells. delineation of necessary growth factors for tumor cells in vivo may open up new strategies to inhibit malignant cell growth.19826280855
chemical interactions with herpes simplex type 2 virus: enhancement of transformation by hydrazine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.quantitative assays for the morphological transformation of 3t3 swiss mouse cells by herpes simplex type 2 virus (hsv-2) were employed to examine the effect on cell transformation of chemical carcinogens and suspected carcinogens. exposure of the cells to the chemical compound, followed by virus infection, resulted in enhancement of transformation when compared to that observed with chemical or virus alone. enhancement occurred in tests utilizing either uv light-inactivated hsv-2 (strain 333) or ...19826280884
effect of acyclovir on genital herpes in guinea pigs.the chemotherapeutic efficacy of acyclovir was evaluated in guniea pigs that were inoculated intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). acyclovir was administered systemically (50 mg/kg of body weight per day ip) beginning three days after inoculation and continuing for 10-11 days. treatment with acyclovir reduced the incidence of paralysis of the hind limbs, mortality, and the severity and duration of genital lesions but had little effect on the excretion of virus from the genital ...19826282986
similarities and differences in the fc-binding glycoprotein (ge) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and tentative mapping of the viral gene for this glycoprotein.we performed affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation experiments to determine whether cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) expressed a glycoprotein that was functionally and antigenically related to the hsv-1 fc-binding glycoprotein designated ge. we found that a protein from extracts of hsv-2-infected hep-2 cells bound specifically to an fc affinity column and that the electrophoretic mobility of this protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels was slightly less ...19826283108
multimeric forms of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoproteins.herpes simplex virus type 2-specific glycoproteins present in detergent extracts of infected cells were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under conditions designed to permit detection of multimeric forms of these glycoproteins. two high-molecular-weight glycosylated species were detected when samples were disrupted at lower temperatures or in the absence of any reducing agents. one multimer having an apparent molecular weight of 275,000 was identified as a mul ...19826283127
detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoproteins expressed in virus-transformed rat cells.rat embryo fibroblasts transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) were assayed for the expression of certain virus-specific glycoproteins on the surface membranes. monospecific antisera to hsv-2-specific glycoproteins, designated gagb, gc, and gx, were used in membrane immunofluorescence studies with hsv-2-transformed cell lines tref-g-1, tref-g-2, and a tumor-derived rat fibrosarcoma cells line produced in syngeneic rats inoculated with tref-g-1 cells. analysis of the three hsv-2-transf ...19826283145
identification of proteins encoded by a fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna that has transforming activity.cloned bglii fragment n (map units 0.58 to 0.625) of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna has been shown to transform rodent cells to an oncogenic phenotype (galloway and mcdougall, j. virol. 38: 749-760, 1981). rna homologous to this fragment directs the synthesis of five polypeptides in a cell-free translation system. the approximate molecular weights of these proteins are 140,000, 61,000, 56,000, 35,000, and 23,500. the 35,000-dalton protein is the major species late in infection and is the only s ...19826283171
alterations in protein and glycoprotein composition of rat embryo fibroblasts transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2.total and superficially exposed plasma membrane components of tumorigenic herpes-simplex-virus (hsv)-transformed fibroblasts were studied. as a result of oncogenic hsv transformation, a significant decrease of polypeptides 230,000, 180,000, 56,000 and 43,000 daltons was found. these changes were accompanied by a significant increase in superficial exposition of several sialopeptides and two peptides of 30,000 and 15,000 daltons. it was suggested that these two peptides may represent virus-coded ...19826283449
expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 antigens in premalignant and malignant human vulvar cells.vulvar biopsies and explants from patients with vulvitis, hyperkeratosis, condyloma acuminatum, severe dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma were screened for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antigens. immunoperoxidase staining for vp143, an early nonstructural polypeptide of hsv-2, was identified within three biopsies exhibiting severe dysplasia, three of seven with carcinoma in situ, and one of three with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. similar staining for vp143 was observed in derived ...19826283892
detection of herpes simplex virus mrna in latently infected trigeminal ganglion neurons by in situ hybridization.latent infection of the trigeminal ganglion with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was studied in guinea pigs by in situ dna hybridization. frozen ganglion sections from animals killed during the period of latent virus infection were studied under nondenaturing conditions. some sections were treated with deoxyribonuclease (dnase) or ribonuclease (rnase) before incubation with hsv dna probes. hsv probes consisted of viral dna nick translated and labeled in vitro with tritiated nucleotides. bact ...19826284019
comparative studies of transformed hamster cells by herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2.hamster embryo cells transformed by herpesvirus type 2 (hsv-2) virus (two separate cell lines) and by hsv-1 virus (one cell line) were inoculated into hamsters. the morphological appearance of tumours was studied by both light and electron microscopy, and the results compared to similar studies of tumours induced by sv40 virus. the tumours were also tested for immunogenicity, and for susceptibility to contact suppression with bcg. the results indicated that the tumours induced by inoculation of ...19826284192
chemical interactions with herpes simplex type 2 virus: enhancement of transformation by norharman.the effects of the comutagen norharman on herpes simplex virus type 2 growth transformation was studied in 3t3 cells. pre-exposure but not post-exposure of the cells to 0.5 to 10 micrograms of norharman per ml of cell culture media resulted in a nearly three-fold enhancement in transforming activity. these results suggest that certain environmental chemicals may interact with cells creating an increased possibility of transformation by herpes viruses.19826284401
studies on the interrelation of resistance and immunity in a mouse model system of herpes-simplex type 2 infection.intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccination of mice with attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv 2) induced solid protection to i.p. infection with pathogenic virus within two days. protection was non-virus-specific until day four after sensitization but increased in specificity thereafter. normal mice could be protected by adoptively transferred spleen cells, serum, and peritoneal fluid from donors vaccinated seven days before. virus-specific effector cells induced in the spleen by in vivo i.p. sens ...19826284636
characterization of a polypeptide present in herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed and -infected hamster embryo cells.transformation of hamster embryo cells by herpes simplex virus stimulated the production of a 35-kilodalton (35k) protein that was specifically immunoprecipitated, along with other polypeptides, by rabbit hyperimmune serum. this 35k polypeptide was further analyzed by partial digestion with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease in parallel with a 35k polypeptide from herpes simplex virus type 2-infected cells. these polypeptides had almost identical partial-proteolytic cleavage maps, indicating that ...19826284964
isolation and characterization of the growth-stimulating factor in supernatants of herpes simplex virus type 2 infected cells.lytic infection of cv1 cells with herpes simplex virus type 2 does not stimulate ornithine decarboxylase activity and there is no correlation between polyamines and a growth-stimulating factor (gsf) which is present in the supernatant of the cultures. the factor was partially purified by gel filtration on sephadex g-50 and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. gel filtration as well as dialysis through membranes with different pore diameters indicated a molecular weight between 3,500 and 10,000 da ...19826285245
herpesvirus-specific rna and protein in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.cloned probes of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna were used in cytological hybridization experiments to detect herpesvirus rna transcripts in the neoplastic cells of tumors of the uterine cervix. virus-specific rna was shown to represent transcription of limited regions of the genome, of which one is known to code for a dna-binding protein that can be found by immunoperoxidase staining in the neoplastic cells of these tumors and has also been detected in cells transformed in vitro by this virus.19826285365
acyclovir treatment of experimental genital herpes simplex virus infections.genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections in mice and guinea pigs were used to determine the effectiveness of acyclovir administered topically, orally, or parenterally. topical treatment with 1 percent or 5 percent acyclovir begun six or 24 hours and 5 percent acyclovir begun 48 or 72 hours after intravaginal inoculation of mice with hsv-2 significantly inhibited viral replication in the genital tract. oral administration of acyclovir resulted in a significant reduction in vaginal v ...19826285699
effect of acyclovir on genital infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in the guinea pig.the pathogenesis of genital infection with three different strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and three strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was compared in the guinea pig. strain differences in severity of clinical disease and mortality were noted. hsv-1 strains generally produced milder disease than hsv-2. both hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections resulted in acute and chronic changes in the cervix. virus recovery during latent infection was more frequently obtained from the spinal ...19826285705
disease and latency characteristics of clinical herpes virus isolated after acyclovir therapy.herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 from a bone marrow transplant recipient and hsv type 2 from a patient with genital herpes infection were examined for sensitivity to acyclovir after both patients received therapy with the drug. a 38- and 83-fold shift in sensitivity was detected in association with a marked decrease in viral thymidine kinase activity in isolates from both patients. the resistant hsv-1 isolate was approximately 900 times less neurovirulent to balb/c mice but had similar cutaneou ...19826285725
spectrum of sensitivity of acyclovir of herpes simplex virus clinical isolates.hsv-1 and hsv-2 clinical isolates were tested for their in vitro sensitivity to acyclovir. the median id50 for 32 genital hsv-2 isolates was 0.215 micrograms/ml and this was not significantly higher than a median value of 0.125 micrograms/ml for 28 oral hsv-1 isolates (p = 0.08). a wider range of id50s was observed with the hsv-2 isolates compared with the hsv-1 isolates. the concentration of drug required to inhibit virus replication by 90 and 99 percent was approximately 10- and 100-fold great ...19826285726
mechanism of action and selectivity of acyclovir.acyclovir, an acrylic purine nucleoside analog, is a highly potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (hsv), types 1 and 2, and varicella zoster virus, and has extremely low toxicity for the normal host cells. this selectivity is due to the ability of these viruses to code for a viral thymidine kinase capable of phosphorylating acyclovir to a monophosphate; this capability is essentially absent in uninfected cells. the acyclovir monophosphate (acyclo-gmp) is subsequently converted to acyclovir tr ...19826285736
efficiency and selectivity of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and some other 5-substituted 2'-deoxypyrimidine nucleosides as anti-herpes agents.a number of novel 5-substituted 2'deoxypyrimidine nucleosides exhibited antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 strain v3 (hsv-1-v3) when assayed under one-step conditions in primary human lung fibroblast j(phlf) cell cultures, and compared with the reference compounds cytosine arabinoside (ara-c), 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (iudr), and 5-iodo-5'amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (aiu). the most effective of these were (in order of decreasing activity): (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-udr (brvudr) great ...19826285818
macrophage migration inhibition as a correlate of cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice.mice inoculated intraperitoneally or intravenously with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) develop a focal necrotizing hepatitis. the livers show expanding foci of necrosis and increasing virus content during the first days of the infection with maximal titers achieved on day 3. the clearance of virus from the organ is manifest from day 4 onward with the most dramatic fall in virus content occurring between days 4 and 5. the development of immunity during the course of infection was assessed by ...19826286467
intratypic and intertypic specificity of lymphocytes involved in the recognition of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins.cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) were generated in c57bl/6 mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) (strains kos, 17, hfem, and mp) and hsv-2 (strains 186, g, and gp6). effector lymphocytes were tested for cytotoxicity against syngeneic hsv-1- and hsv-2-infected cells in a 5-h 51cr release assay. hsv-1 strain hfem was found to induce ctl efficiently only when 100-fold more virus was used as compared with hsv-1 strains kos, 17, and mp. all hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains induced cross-reactive populati ...19826286488
identification and typing of herpes simplex viruses with monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies which reacted with type-specific antigens of herpes simplex virus type 2 or with antigens shared by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were used in an indirect immunofluorescence assay to type virus isolates and to detect viral antigens in cells obtained from herpetic lesions. complete concordance was obtained for 42 isolates typed by endonuclease restriction analysis of viral dna and by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. examination of a limited number ...19826286719
failure of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in the treatment of experimental cutaneous and genital infections due to herpes simplex virus.the effectiveness of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dg) was evaluated in the treatment of cutaneous infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in mice and genital infections with hsv type 2 (hsv-2) in mice and guinea pigs. groups of mice were inoculated in the lumbosacral or orofacial area with hsv-1 and treated topically three times a day with 0.2% or 0.5% 2-dg solution beginning 3 hr after inoculation. no effect on skin lesions, mortality, or latency was observed. mice were inoculated intravagi ...19826286785
genital herpes in guinea pigs: pathogenesis of the primary infection and description of recurrent disease.guinea pigs inoculated intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) developed a self-limiting infection characterized by vesiculo-ulcerative lesions on the external genital skin, urinary retention, and hindlimb paralysis. infection rarely resulted in death. virologic, histologic, and immunoperoxidase data suggested the following scheme for viral pathogenesis: initial replication in the introitus, vagina, and bladder; spread via sensory nerves to the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and ...19826286797
transfection with the isolated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes. ii. evidence for amplification of viral and adjacent cellular dna sequences.we have previously described several series of biochemical transformation experiments in which small defined portions of herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 and hsv-2) dna encompassing the thymidine kinase (tk) gene were introduced into ltk- cells by the calcium transfection procedure. the presence of authentic virus tk enzyme in several subcloned cell lines derived from these experiments was confirmed by either the specific incorporation of [125i]iododeoxycytidine into their nuclei or the inhibition of ...19826286848
clinical and virological features of herpes genitalis in japanese women.we report herein clinical and virological findings in 35 japanese women with a confirmed herpes genitalis. the frequency of herpes genitalis was 0.24% in our obstetrical and gynecological outpatient clinic, while that in cancer screening clinics was 0.01%. eighty percent of all patients were between 20 and 49 years of age (median age of 38.5 years). genital herpes was detected more frequently in summer and autumn. virus isolations were carried out in 20 patients and 13 were positive (65.0%). of ...19826287795
augmented immunogenicity of lewis lung carcinoma by infection with herpes simplex virus type 2.in vitro, llt cells sustain hsv-2 replication without evidence of lysis. simultaneously, multiplication of the cells is stimulated. these xenogenized cells were tested for their immunopotentiating capacity: three-step immunization with xenogenized viable cells conferred significantly augmented transplantation resistance to a challenge graft with 4 x 10(4) intact llt cells. latency periods preceding tumor formation were increased and 15% of the mice failed to form primary tumors. metastasis was l ...19826288391
early and delayed shut-off of host protein synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus.a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 [hsv-1(hfem)], tsb7, appears to have two temperature-sensitive functions. one is required during the first hour of infecting a cell (suggesting that it is performed by a virion protein) and the other is the non-essential function of "early shut-off" of cellular protein synthesis, which is mediated by a virion protein. the latter function remained temperature-sensitive in a revertant virus (rc2) grown at the non-permissive temperature (39 degrees c). howeve ...19826288847
animal studies on the efficacy of vaccination against recurrent herpes.guinea pigs, latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv 2), were immunized with an hsv 2 vaccine derived from extracts of infected cells and either formol inactivated or detergent treated. although such postinfection vaccination could significantly increase the titers of neutralizing antibodies, it had no effect on the course of recurrent herpes in these animals.19826289061
neutralization of herpes simplex virus by antibody in amniotic fluid.the ability of amniotic fluid to neutralize herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was quantitated and compared with the serum neutralization titer in 158 pregnant women. neutralizing activity was expressed as the ability of 0.1 ml of amniotic fluid to reduce the expected number of plaque-forming units (pfu) in the inoculum by 99%. all amniotic fluid samples from 32 women with serum titers of 1:40 or greater neutralized 5 pfu or more; at term, 96% of these fluid samples neutralized 50 pfu or more, ...19826289206
clinical and virologic studies on female genital herpes.ninety women with genital herpes were studied clinically and virologically. from a clinical standpoint, these patients could be classified into 3 clinical types--acute, recurrent, and provoked. when herpes simplex virus (hsv) strains isolated from these patients and asymptomatic virus secretors were typed, 36 strains were determined to be type 1 (hsv-1) and the remaining 54 to be type 2 (hsv-2). the acute type was caused by primary infection of hsv-1 or hsv-2 as well as by infection of hsv-2 in ...19826289208
[humoral immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 in cervical cancer].the analysis of the results of serological studies revealed differences between the number of positively reacting sera from patients with cervical carcinoma and from normal women. the activity of complement-fixing and virus-neutralizing antibodies in the patients' sera and the frequency of their detection were higher than in the sera from normal subjects. these results in combination with other methods of laboratory examinations may be used for early detection of cervical carcinoma as well as fo ...19826289530
the effect of prostaglandins on the multiplication and cell-to-cell spread of herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) after infecting an individual has the ability to remain latent in nervous tissues. the factors that control herpesvirus infection, latency, and reactivation are poorly understood. fever, menstruation, emotional stress, exposure to sunlight, and surgical resection have been associated with activation of latent herpes. the situations which activate latent herpes are associated with a local or systemic rise in prostaglandins. the data presented show that prostagl ...19826289665
protection against lethal challenge of balb/c mice by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies to five glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus type 2.monoclonal antibodies secreted by six hybridomas and recognizing antigenic sites on glycoproteins gc, gab, gd, ge, and gf of herpes simplex virus type 2 were examined for their ability to protect balb/c mice from lethal infection by the virus. administration of monoclonal antibodies to individual glycoproteins intraperitoneally 3 h before footpad challenge with 10 times the 50% lethal dose of virus protected between 35 and 75% of the mice, except for one of two monoclonal antibodies recognizing ...19826290390
early interactions of herpes simplex virus with mouse peritoneal macrophages.adsorption of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) to resident peritoneal macrophages (pm) of 4-week-old swiss albino (sa) and gr/afib mice was studied. a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher hsv-2 adsorption rate was found with pm of sa mice than with pm of gr/afib mice. of added hsv-2 65% bound to the cells of sa mice over a 120-min period versus 15% to pm of gr/afib mice. only 15 to 20% of added hsv-1 bound to pm regardless of the mouse strain. these patterns of adsorptio ...19826290397
herpetic proctitis and meningitis: recovery of two strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 from cerebrospinal fluid.a patient with simultaneous proctitis and meningitis due to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) was extensively investigated. in both disease locations the infection was clinically evident and culture-proven. analysis by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rectal isolates revealed both hsv-1 and hsv-2. the cerebrospinal fluid harbored two apparently different strains of hsv-1, one of which was shown by restriction endonuclease analysis to be identical w ...19826290573
genomic location and lack of phosphorylation of the hsv immediate-early polypeptide ie 12.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) induces an immediate-early (ie) polypeptide ie 12. an equivalent polypeptide coded by hsv-2 which migrated slightly more slowly on sds-polyacrylamide gels was identified and designated ie 12.3. analysis of the serotype of the ie polypeptide induced by five hsv-1/hsv-2 intertypic recombinants when correlated with their genome structures showed that ie 12/ie 12.3 mapped in the region spanning the trs/us junction. unlike four other ie polypeptides induced by hsv- ...19826290593
[morphological, cytogenetic and proliferative characteristics of syrian hamster htc-2 and htc-1 cells and of the htct tumor cell line transformed by herpes simplex type 2 virus].morphological, caryological, cytoproliferative, and isoenzyme studies of syrian hamster cells htc-2 and htc-1 transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2 and a htct line of tumor cells were carried out. the hamster origin of these cell lines was established by chromosomal analysis and electrophoretic mobility of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase isoenzymes. the transformed and tumor cell lines differ from normal cells by altered morphology, an aneuploid chromosome set an ...19826291246
capacity of deoxycytidine to selectively antagonize cytotoxicity of 5-halogenated analogs of deoxycytidine without loss of antiherpetic activity.enzyme kinetic studies from this laboratory (m. dobersen and s. greer, biochemistry 17:920-928, 1978) suggested that deoxycytidine could antagonize the toxicity of 5-halogenated analogs of deoxycytidine without interfering with their antiviral activity. antagonism by deoxycytidine of the toxicity of 5-chlorodeoxycytidine without impairing its anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 activity is demonstrated in the present studies. tetrahydrouridine, an inhibitor of cytidine deaminase, was utilized. the ...19826291452
genital herpes simplex infections in israel: 1973 throughout 1980.ninety-eight cases of genital herpes simplex virus infection (hsv-2) were confirmed by laboratory examinations during the years 1973-80. until 1975 there were less than five cases per year, but from 1976 the number of cases gradually increased, reaching 24 in 1980. the age distribution is typical of a sexually transmitted disease; and since the peak of susceptibility is at childbearing age, an increase in neonatal hsv infection could be expected. in 1980, laboratory testing confirmed neonatal hs ...19826292133
correlation of the virus sequence content and biological properties of cells carrying the herpes simplex virus type 2 thymidine kinase gene.seven cell lines, transformed to a thymidine kinase-positive phenotype with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dna fragments, have been examined to determine their virus-specific dna sequence content. the results are consistent with the reported map position of the hsv-2 thymidine kinase gene. different cell lines contained different amounts of non-selected virus-specific sequences and this correlated with the ability of some cell lines to compensate the deficiencies in some temperature-sensiti ...19826292338
transfection with the isolated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes. i. minimal size of the active fragments from hsv-1 and hsv-2.we have defined the minimal size and physical map locations in the genomes of both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) for dna sequences capable of conferring stable biochemical transformation under thymidine kinase (tk) selection. the experiments involved transfection of ltk- cells with either isolated virus dna fragments or cloned pbr322 plasmids containing the 3.5 kilobase (kb) bamhi-o fragment from hsv-1(mp) or the 5.6 kb sali-g fragment from hsv-2(333). mapping of restricti ...19826292348
isolation and characterisation of two strains of herpesvirus hominis type 1 from fallopian tubes.herpesvirus hominis type 1 (hsv-1) was isolated from fallopian-tube biopsies of two women who were using an intra-uterine contraceptive device; the strains were isolated on different dates and at different hospitals. both the isolates were shown to be hsv-1 by restriction-enzyme analysis, polypeptide profiles and indirect immuno fluorescence; the two isolates could not be distinguished by these tests, but the tests distinguished them from hsv-1 strain 71-15 and hsv-2 strain 333. the viruses were ...19826292427
expression of cloned herpesvirus genes. i. detection of nuclear antigens from herpes simplex virus type 2 inverted repeat regions in transfected mouse cells.three different recombinant plasmids containing the entire 15-kilobase l and s inverted repeat sequence of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna have been introduced into cultured ltk- or bsc cells by both the calcium and deae-dextran transfection procedures. in each case, after 24 h approximately 1% of the cells gave strongly positive nuclear staining when assayed by immunofluorescence with hyperimmune antisera made against early and immediate-early infected-cell polypeptides. the nuclear fluorescenc ...19826292452
glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus type 2 as defined by monoclonal antibodies.we used monoclonal antibodies reacting with glycoproteins specified by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) to characterize the individual antigens in terms of structure, processing, and kinetics of synthesis in bhk or vero infected cells. our results provided a direct demonstration of the structural identity of the ga and gb proteins of hsv-2 as well as confirmation of the existence of type-specific and type-common domains within the gd molecule. they also show that, with the exception of gc, pr ...19826292496
herpes simplex virus glycoprotein ga/b: evidence that the infected vero cell products comap and arise by proteolysis.we recently reported (pereira et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 78:5202-5206, 1981) that herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 glycoproteins, previously designated ga and gb, could not be differentiated by a bank of independently derived type-specific and type-common monoclonal antibodies. we also reported that from lysates of infected vero cells, all but one monoclonal antibody precipitated ga/b glycoproteins which had faster electrophoretic mobility than the corresponding infected hep-2 cell glycop ...19826292507
unusual serologic response to two patients to an early antigen of herpes simplex virus type 2.two patients infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) who were free of recurrences over a 13-14-month period had an unusually high titer (greater than 1:48) of complement-fixing antibody to the early antigen (ag-4) of hsv-2. their response was also unusual in that it was an igg complement-fixing antibody rather than igm, which normally is found in patients with hsv-2 infection. the antibody was also present 13-14 months after the episode of hsv-2 disease, whereas in other patients, the ...19826293106
[transformation and malignant degeneration of newborn hamster cells inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 2]. 19826293203
comparison of the in vitro and in vivo anti-herpes activities of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine and its 5'-monophosphate.in vitro and in vivo anti-herpes activities of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine 5'-monophosphate (ara-tmp) were compared with those of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine (ara-t). on a molar basis ara-tmp was almost as active as ara-t against six strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) as monitored by a cytopathogenicity-inhibition and a plaque reduction assay in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. when tested against experimental encephalitis in mice inoculated intrace ...19826293376
comparison of restriction endonuclease profiles of dna from local herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strains.comparisons of restriction endonuclease profiles of dna isolated from nine genital hsv-2 strains isolated from 1973 to 1981 were made using six restriction endonucleases (bgl ii, hind iii, xba 1, eco ri, bam hi and hpa i). the only variation detected in the dna profiles was found with eco ri and bam hi, and in each case all the isolates could be classified into two groups. the difference between the two eco ri groups could be accounted for by the absence of an eco ri cleavage site from the hsv d ...19826293436
chemical interactions with herpes simplex type 2 virus: enhancement of transformation by selected chemical carcinogens and pro-carcinogens.quantitative assays for the morphological transformation of 3t3 swiss mouse cells by herpes simplex type 2 virus (hsv-2) were employed to examine the effect on cell transformation of chemical carcinogens and pro-carcinogens. the carcinogens tested were n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, quinacrine mustard, n-nitrosomethyl urea, urethane, and benzene. the pro-carcinogens tested were n-nitrosodimethylamine, 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and p-dimethylaminoazobenzene. exposure of the cel ...19826293737
detection by rna blot hybridization of rna sequences homologous to the bglii-n fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna.rna species, extracted at the time of peak synthesis of the alpha, beta, and gamma classes of herpes simplex virus polypeptides from lytically infected vero cells, were examined for homology to the bglii-n fragment (map units 0.58 to 0.63) of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna. by using northern blot analysis, two major and several minor polyadenylated rna species showed homology to the bglii-n fragment at times corresponding to the maximum synthesis of the beta (7 h postinfection) and gamma (12 h ...19826294326
[acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome, opportunistic infections and homosexuality. presentation of 3 cases studied in switzerland].three cases of multiple opportunistic infections in previously healthy homosexual males were observed in 3 different university hospitals in switzerland. two of the patients died. infections were multiple, with p. carinii pneumonia (3 cases), chronic mucocutaneous ulcers probably due to herpes simplex virus (2 cases), mucosal candidiasis (2 cases) and disseminated infections due to cytomegalovirus (1 case) and mycobacterium avium (1 case). all patients had depressed cellular immunity with marked ...19826294820
chromosomal organization of the herpes simplex virus type 2 genome. 19826294981
confirmation of herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in herpes-like genital lesions by a simple complement-fixation test.the presence of complement-fixing antibody to an early herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antigen (the ag-4 antigen) was correlated with hsv-2 infection in the sera of patients with genital herpes. eighty-eight per cent of sera taken two weeks after clinical diagnosis of a primary or recurrent herpes infection in patients, confirmed to have hsv-2 by virus isolation and typing, contained the anti-ag-4 complement-fixing antibody. none of the patients with genital hsv-1 had the antibody, and only ...19826275941
inhibiting herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in human epithelial cells by gossypol, a potent spermicidal and contraceptive agent.gossypol, a male contraceptive, has an antifertility effect of 99.9%. it has also been reported to possess antiviral activities, and to inhibit herpes simplex virus infection in mice. dorsett and kerstine found that gossypol inactivated the infectivity of the enveloped virus parainfluenza type 3 and herpes simplex for hep-2 carcinoma cells but had no effect on the infectivity of the nonenveloped poliovirus. the authors studied the effect of gossypol on infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 ...19826277198
control of expression of the herpes simplex virus-induced deoxypyrimidine triphosphatase in cells infected with mutants of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and intertypic recombinants.infection of cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) induces high levels of deoxypyrimidine triphosphatase. the majority of the enzyme activity is found in infected cell nuclei. a similar activity is induced by hsv type 2 (hsv-2) which, in contrast to the hsv-1 enzyme, fractionates to more than 99% in the soluble cytoplasmic extract. of a series of temperature-sensitive mutants of hsv-1 studied, only the immediate-early mutants in complementation group 1-2 (strain 17 mutants tsd and tsk a ...19826128430
detection of rna complementary to herpes-simplex virus in mononuclear cells from patients with behçet's syndrome and recurrent oral ulcers.viral dna probes were used in in-situ hybridisation to detect the complementary rna in mononuclear cells from the blood of normal subjects and patients with behçet's syndrome and recurrent oral ulcers. hybridisation of 125i-labelled dna probes was detected by means of autoradiography and quantitated with a video image-analysis technique. hybridisation between herpes-simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna and the complementary rna in mononuclear cells was significantly greater in 10 of 20 patients with ...19826129461
effect of monoclonal antibodies on limited proteolysis of native glycoprotein gd of herpes simplex virus type 1.we examined the properties of 17 monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein gd of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) (gd-1) and hsv-2 (gd-2). the antibodies recognized eight separate determinants of gd, based on differences in radioimmuno-precipitation and neutralization assays. the determinants were distributed as follows: three were gd-1 specific, one was gd-2 specific, and four were type common. several type-specific and type-common determinants appeared to be involved in neutralization. we developed a ...19826176725
protease inhibitors suppress fibrinolytic activity of herpesvirus-transformed cells.previous studies in this laboratory have quantified the fibrinolytic activity of herpesvirus-transformed cell lines and implicated the proteolytic capacity of cloned cell lines in the formation of primary and metastatic tumours. because of the involvement of proteases in tumourigenesis in this system, we examined the effect of various protease inhibitors (alpha-1-antitrypsin, leupeptin and alpha-2-macroglobulin), as well as hamster serum containing acute phase proteins generated in response to p ...19826178796
anti-herpesvirus activity of adenine arabinoside analogues in tissue culture and a genital infection of mice and guinea pigs.four analogues of adenine arabinoside (ara-a) were compared for activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv) in tissue culture and in a genital infection of mice and guinea pigs. these analogues, 5'-monophosphate (ara-amp), 5'-valerate ester (ara-av), 2'3'-diacetate ester (ara-ada), and 2',3',5'- triacetate ester (ara-ata) have greater water and lipid solubility and resistance to deamination than ara-a. in mouse embryo fibroblast cells, similar viral inhibitory levels were noted with ara-a, amp, ...19826179469
effect of combinations of acyclovir with vidarabine or its 5'-monophosphate on herpes simplex viruses in cell culture and in mice.the combination of various concentrations of acyclovir and vidarabine or its 5'-monophosphate usually produced an additive interaction with various strains of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in vero cells. similarly, certain combinations of these drugs were more effective than the individual drugs in decreasing the mortality and increasing the mean day of death of mice inoculated intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus type 2. neither antagonism nor interference was noted for any of the in ...19826182836
herpes simplex infection simulating a positive auto-inoculation for haemophilus ducreyi.auto-inoculation from a genital ulcer suspected of being ulcus molle gave redness after 24 hours and after 48 hours vesicles and pustules appeared. cultivation from the auto-inoculation after the 48 hours was positive for herpes simplex virus type 2. our observation underlines two points: auto-inoculation for the diagnosing of haemophilus ducreyi infection may be mimicked by herpes simplex infection, and the incubation period of herpes simplex can be shorter than the 4-5 days usually given.19826183910
experimental infection of inbred mice with herpes simplex virus. iv. comparison of interferon production and natural killer cell activity in susceptible and resistant adult mice.inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2). in this study interferon production was tested in the peritoneal exudate of mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of hsv-1 or hsv-2. in hsv-resistant mice (c57 bl/6, c3 h/hej) high titers of interferon were already present 2 to 4 hours after injection. in comparison, less resistant mice (dba/2, akr) lacked this early response. there was no correlation between interferon tit ...19826187314
a study of hla and drw antigens in severe recurrent herpes progenitalis (hsv-2) infection.in this preliminary study the phenotypic distribution of hla and drw antigens was investigated in patients with recurrent herpes progenitalis. ninety-three white men between the ages of 20 and 53 years, with at least a 2-year history of recurrent herpes progenitalis infection, and 558 age-matched white men from the same area of los angeles were studied by means of a microcytotoxicity assay. statistical analysis of data indicated that there is no increased incidence of any hla antigen. the b cell ...19826954168
herpes simplex virus diagnosis. antigen detection by elisa and flow microfluorometry.rapid diagnosis of herpes virus (hsv) infection is essential, primarily in the clinical management of the obstetrical patient. we developed an elisa procedure for viral antigen detection within 24 hours. the assay is sensitive and specific, detecting as little as 2 x 10(-3) micrograms antigen protein and reactivity with mock antigen or unrelated viruses (not observed). good (91.6%) correlation is observed between elisa and virus isolation. however, direct quantitative comparison indicates that t ...19826762291
[incidence of herpes virus (hsv-2) alterations in squamous cells of vagina epithelium (author's transl)].the authors have analysed 17,519 cytological cervix smears. alterations characteristic of hsv infection were recorded from squamous cells of vaginal and cervical epithelia in 21 cases (0.12 per cent). incidences of cytologically detected hsv infection of the vagina and cervix were 0.17 per cent among female factory workers and 0.08 per cent among peasant women. no statistically unambiguous difference was found to exist between the incidences of genital hsv infections in the two groups examined ( ...19817198853
function, target-cell preference and cell-surface characteristics of herpes-simplex virus type-2-induced non-antigen-specific killer cells.wild-type and congenitally athymic nude mice injected with herpes-simplex virus type 2 (hsv 2) responded with a local outburst of non-antigen-specific killer cells masking any virus-specific response. cytolytic activity could be assayed on mouse-tumor cell lines and on syngeneic or allogeneic non-transformed cells from various sources. some of the tumor cell lines and proteose-peptone-induced peritoneal exudate cells were lysed more efficiently after infection with either hsv 2, vaccinia or infl ...19816165679
comparison of the effects of arabinosyladenine, arabinosylhypoxanthine, and arabinosyladenine 5'-monophosphate against herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus with their effects on cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.in a single line of human foreskin fibroblasts, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and the minimum intracellular virus inactivation concentrations (miics) of arabinosyladenine, arabinosylhypoxanthine, and arabinosyladenine 5'-monophosphate were assayed for a number of recent isolates of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv). (the term miic is used here to describe the selective qualitative intracellular inhibition of the ...19816166244
detection of rna complementary to herpes simplex virus dna in human cervical squamous cell neoplasms.nonneoplastic and neoplastic cervical biopsy specimens were examined by in situ hybridization to 125i-labeled dna of herpes simplex virus (hsv), adenovirus, and bacteriophage lambda dna's, and quantitative hybridization data were obtained using a video image analyser. hsv-specific rna was detected in 72% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 60% of squamous cervical carcinomas, 2% of nonneoplastic cervices, and 9% of primary adenocarcinomas of the cervix. none of the tissues gave positive hybri ...19816167349
monoclonal antibodies to two glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus type 2.monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 were found to precipitate different numbers of radiolabeled polypeptides from lysates of virus-infected cells. antibodies directed against two viral glycoproteins were characterized. antibodies from hybridoma 17 alpha a2 precipitated a 60,000-molecular-weight polypeptide which chased into a 66,000- and 79,000-molecular-weight polypeptide. all three polypeptides labeled in the presence of [3h]glucosamine and had similar tryptic digest maps. the ...19816168775
characteristics of a persistent rubella infection in a human cell line.a persistent infection of the human mcf-7 cell line (mcf-7rv) was established with the dbs strain of rubella virus at a low multiplicity of infections. fluorescent antibody staining revealed that 100% of the cells were positive for rubella antigens. the infected cells were refractory to superinfection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) but were susceptible to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). no interferon could be detected in infected cell culture fluid, and continuous passage in the pres ...19816169785
herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 intracellular p40: type-specific and cross-reactive antigenic determinants on peptides generated by partial proteolysis.intracellular p40 is a class of protein ranging in molecular weight from 39,000 to 45,000 that is immunoprecipitated from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)- and hsv-2-infected cell extracts by mouse monoclonal antibodies or guinea pig antisera against hsv-1 and hsv-2 nucleocapsid p40. analysis by a two-dimensional gel system showed that hsv-1 and hsv-2 intracellular p40 each consisted of three major components. however, these hsv-1 and hsv-2 proteins differed in charge and size. analysis of st ...19816172597
pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus infections in guinea pigs.the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 has been studied in guinea pigs after inoculation by various routes (subcutaneous and intradermal infection in footpads and vaginal infection). clinical observations as well as virus isolation studies are reported. herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by all three routes of inoculation led to acute primary and recurrent lesions. virus persisted in the nervous system, particularly in sensory ganglia, and locally at the site of inoculation. h ...19816277787
monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 proteins, including the immediate-early protein icp 4.monoclonal antibodies were prepared against herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain 14012) by two immunization procedures. procedure a utilized infectious virus propagated in mouse cells, and procedure b utilized mouse cells infected with herpes simplex virus in the presence of cycloheximide and harvested 1 h after removal of the inhibitor. a total of 52 monoclonal antibodies were obtained against 10 herpes simplex virus proteins, including four glycosylated proteins (a 110,000-molecular-weight prot ...19816277788
cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus: recognition of type-specific and type-common surface antigens by cytotoxic t cell populations.in this communication, we examine the specificity of anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). serological studies of the two related hsv serotypes (hsv-1 and hsv-2) have revealed both type-specific and cross-reactive antigenic determinants in the viral envelope and on the surface of infected cells. by analysis of cytotoxicity of ctl, generated in vitro by restimulation of splenocytes from mice primed with one or the other hsv serotype, the recognition of both type-specific ...19816277790
antibody responses in humans to individual proteins of herpes simplex viruses.sera from 231 women were used to examine their frequency of precipitation of various herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) proteins and to determine if there was a rank order of immune responsiveness of humans to these hsv antigens. radiolabeled viral proteins were reacted with serum and immune complexes isolated with staphylococcal protein a. individual antigens were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. as a group, these sera precipitated ...19816277791
linkage map of cotransfected viral dna sequences in a mouse 3t3 cell line.a physical map was constructed of a cotransformed 3t3 thymidine kinase (tk) negative cell line revealing a close linkage of the selectable herpes simplex virus type 2 tk gene and cotransfected simian virus 40 dna sequences in high-molecular-weight cellular dna.19816277824
microscopic examination of the intracellular fate of infectious herpes simplex virus dna.the intracellular fate of 3h-labeled exogenous herpes simplex virus type 2 dna following the exposure of recipient cells to selected dna facilitators and the ultrastructural changes which ensued in transfected cultures were examined. in most cases, electron microscopic radioautography demonstrated that exogenous dna reached the nucleus within 1 h postinoculation. at later time periods, enlargement of nuclei and margination of chromatin were noted. cells treated with polyornithine differed signif ...19816276330
characterization of rat embryo cells transformed by ts mutants and sheared dna of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and a derived tumor cell line.four independent isolated lines transformed by ts mutant or sheared dna of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and one tumor cell line were characterized according to their behavior in assays of aggregation, growth in low serum, doubling times, saturation density, agglutination by lectins, uptake of metabolites, and production of plasminogen activator. the criteria used to select the transformed cells used in this study were the formation of altered foci of cells followed by the formation of a co ...19816263467
induction of natural killer cells by herpes-simplex virus type 2 in resistant and sensitive inbred mouse strains.infection of mice with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv 2) stimulated natural killer (nk) cells in a variety of inbred mouse strains including athymic nude mice. essentially all mouse strains tested exhibited high nk activity on day four after virus inoculation. assayed 24 hours after infection, swr/j, akr/j, sjl/j and c57b1/10j mice were low or negative for these non-virus-specific cytotoxic responses. whereas the first two mouse strains were most sensitive to the lethal effects of hsv 2, the l ...19816263793
specific phosphorylation of e-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine by herpes simplex virus-infected cells.e-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdurd), a highly selective and potent anti-herpes agent, is phosphorylated by primary rabbit kidney (prk) cells that have been infected with either herpes simplex virus type 1 (kos) or herpes simplex virus type 2 (g). however, ivdurd is not phosphorylated by mock-infected prk cells or prk cells that have been infected with a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (b 2006). these observations strengthen the concept that the selectivity ...19816263899
mechanisms of expression of herpes simplex virus-common surface antigens in clonal cells of a herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed line.rabbit antiserum hyperimmune to herpes simplex virus type 1 was used to study the expression of herpes simplex virus type-common surface antigens (csa) by indirect immunofluorescence tests in three representative cell clones isolated from a herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed hamster line, 155-4. these three clones showed different phenotypes with respect to csa expression: (i) a csa-positive type (clone (155-4-213), in which the antigens increased soon (5 h) after seeding at 37 degrees c, b ...19816264119
molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus. vi. characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in the expression of all early viral gene products.the herpes simplex virus 1 (hfem) mutant tsb7 failed to express any detectable viral polypeptides and did not significantly inhibit host cell protein synthesis in infected cells maintained at the nonpermissive temperature. the mutant could complement the growth of a coinfecting temperature-sensitive mutant virus differing in plaque phenotype and thus appeared capable of penetrating doubly infected cells. the yield of tsb7 was enhanced by the coinfecting virus but not to the extent that the coinf ...19816264126
transformation of rodent cells by a cloned dna fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2.transformation of rodent cells with isolated restriction endonuclease fragments of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna identified a region of the genome located between map positions 0.58 and 0.62. these sequences were cloned into pbr322, and the recombinant plasmid was used to transform primary rat embryo cells and nih 3t3 cells. the transformants were selected for their ability to form dense foci on a monolayer or to form colonies in semisolid medium. in contrast to the parental rat or mouse cells ...19816264141
mechanism of degradation of duplex dna by the dnase induced by herpes simplex virus.reaction intermediates formed during the degradation of linear pm2, t5, and lambda dna by herpes simplex virus (hsv) dnase have been examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. digestion of t5 dna by hsv type 2 (hsv-2) dnase in the presence of mn(2+) (endonuclease only) gave rise to 6 major and 12 minor fragments. some of the fragments produced correspond to those observed after cleavage of t5 dna by the single-strand-specific s1 nuclease, indicating that the hsv dnase rapidly cleaves opposite a ni ...19816264148
risk of recurrence after first episodes of genital herpes. relation to hsv type and antibody response.to define risk factors associated with recurrent genital herpes-simplex-virus infection caused by either type 1 or 2 herpesvirus (hsv-1 or hsv-2), we prospectively studied 137 patients with a first symptomatic episode of the disease and 87 with a recurrent episode. first episodes were divided into 78 primary infections (no antibodies to hsv in acute-phase serum) and 59 nonprimary infections (antibodies present). hsv-1 infections were less frequent and less likely to recur than hsv-2 infections. ...19816264300
synthesis and antiviral properties of (z)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine.(z)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil was obtained by photoisomerization of the e. isomer. similarly, (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine gave the required z isomer. (z)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine is much less active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and somewhat less active against herpes simplex virus type 2 than is the e isomer. both isomers show similar activity against vaccinia virus. therefore, the highly potent and selective activity of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine against h ...19816265638
differences in the morphology of herpes simplex virus infected cells. ii. type specific membrane alterations of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infected cells.the two types of herpes simplex virus (hsv-1, hsv-2) induced significantly different alterations in the morphology and permeability of infected cells. hep-2 cells infected with hsv-1 (strain thea) were characterized by the formation of polynuclear syncytia. in contrast, after infection with hsv-2 (strain d316, dd), the cells were rounded up. the hsv-1 strains kos and ls5039 and the hsv-2 strain 196 induced both types of cytopathic effect. as shown by comparative scanning and transmission electro ...19816265748
herpesvirus-induced antigens in squamous-cell carcinoma in situ of the vulva.antigens induced by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv2) were found to be associated with squamous-cell carcinoma in situ of the vulva in nine of 10 patients. the hsv2-induced antigens are dna-binding proteins that are normally present in the nuclei of infected cells, but in the cells of the carcinomas in situ they were found in the cytoplasm. whole-virion structural antigens were not present, although there was serologic evidence of previous hsv2 infection in patients tested for the presence of a ...19816265780
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