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a case of shigellosis caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b.shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b strains were isolated as causative agents of bacterial dysentery in a patient having visited south-east asia. both strains are a rare finding for bulgaria. s. dysenteriae 1 strains have not been isolated since 1962, and there were only single isolates of s. flexneri 5b. the strains were of the same antibiotic resistance patterns. conjugation experiments showed that resistance is determined by transferrable r-plasmids having identical char ...19911880406
[shigella endotoxin protein--its electrophoretic and serological properties].the electrophoretic analysis of lipid a-associated protein (lap), obtained from s. sonnei, in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea has revealed the heterogeneity of the preparation; it has found to contain three main components with molecular weights of 43, 38 and 18 kd and some minor components with molecular weights of 49, 45 35, 30, 29, 27, 5, 21 and 14 kd. the electrophoretic mobility of the main protein components in the isolated preparation of lap coincides ...19911882599
[the action of ribosomal preparations on nonspecific resistance to bacterial infection and on early tolerance to endotoxic shock].ribosomal preparations from shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei, introduced parenterally into mice, enhance their resistance to infection with the causative agents of typhoid fever and staphylococci. this effect is considerably less pronounced than that produced by the preparation of homologous lipopolysaccharide isolated by boivin's method. after the administration of ribosomes nonspecific resistance to bacterial infective agents lasts for a short time. ribosomal preparations do not enhance t ...19911882607
effects of lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate of beef cows supplemented with soybean meal, wheat middlings, and corn and soybean meal.sixteen mature, lactating (453 kg) and 16 nonlactating (487 kg) hereford and angus x hereford cows were used to determine effects of different dietary supplements and lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate. supplement treatments and amounts fed (kg/d) were as follows: control, 0; and equal daily amounts of cp from soybean meal (sbm), 1.36; wheat middlings (wm), 3.41; or a blend of corn and soybean meal (corn-sbm; 22% corn and 76% sbm), 3.41. cows were fe ...19911885374
effects of lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate of beef cows supplemented with soybean meal, wheat middlings, and corn and soybean meal.sixteen mature, lactating (453 kg) and 16 nonlactating (487 kg) hereford and angus x hereford cows were used to determine effects of different dietary supplements and lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate. supplement treatments and amounts fed (kg/d) were as follows: control, 0; and equal daily amounts of cp from soybean meal (sbm), 1.36; wheat middlings (wm), 3.41; or a blend of corn and soybean meal (corn-sbm; 22% corn and 76% sbm), 3.41. cows were fe ...19911885374
[use of immunofluorescence method in the diagnosis and study of pathogenesis of acute dysentery]. 19911887317
[pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with reactive arthritis and its possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease]. 19911887410
ompb (osmo-regulation) and icsa (cell-to-cell spread) mutants of shigella flexneri: vaccine candidates and probes to study the pathogenesis of shigellosis.genetic and molecular data now available on the pathogenic properties of shigella flexneri allow rational design of live attenuated vaccine strains. the genes required at given steps of the infection process can be selectively mutated to impair the bacterium's capacity to interact with intestinal epithelial cells and/or survive within intestinal tissues in general. we have tested two mutations in s. flexneri serotype 5a (m90t) which, alone or in combination, have yielded promising results when e ...19911887672
[the determination in saliva of iga antibodies to shigella ribosomes for the diagnosis of dysentery].the levels of antiribosomal antibodies to shigella ribosomes in serum and saliva samples from 38 dysentery patients (15 s. sonnei cases and 23 s. flexneri cases), 14 patients with salmonellosis and 136 healthy adults were determined in elisa with ribosomes from s. sonnei r-mutant used as solid-phase antigen. high levels of "normal" antiribosomal iga, igg and igm antibodies were revealed in the sera of healthy persons while the level of salivary iga antibodies was very low. in dysentery infection ...19911887713
[an immunomorphological study of the lymphoid organs in the experimental administration of virulent and avirulent shigella flexneri 2a strains]. 19911887717
simultaneous infection with multiple serotypes of shigellae in a patient.we isolated three different serotypes of shigella on admission from a patient with dysentery as well as a shigella-like organism and campylobacter jejuni upon follow-up. the patient produced serum antibodies to all three serotypes of shigellae.19911889185
[changes in virulence of enterobacteriaceae in the presence of sub-inhibitory levels of antibiotics].the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, rifampicin and nalidixic acid on various factors of virulence in shigella spp. and enteroinvasive colon bacilli was studied. it was shown that under such conditions changes took place in various events of the interaction with the epithelial cells, i.e. in adhesion, penetration, intracellular multiplication and transfers between contacting cells. the total effect of chloramphenicol resulted i ...19911892427
shigella flexneri infection: a histopathologic study of colonic biopsies in monkeys infected with virulent and attenuated bacterial strains.macaca fascicularis monkeys were orally infected with live virulent shigella flexneri wild-type strains of either serotype y (s. flexneri sfl1), 2a (s. flexneri m4243) or 1b (s. flexneri sfl27). clinical signs of shigellosis varied from mild watery diarrhea (sfl1) to dysentery (m4243, sfl27), with a fatal outcome in two monkeys (sfl27). colonoscopy showed slight pathologic changes in monkeys infected with sfl1, and pronounced changes in monkeys infected with sfl27. in colonic biopsies the most s ...19911892634
cytogenesis in the monkey retina.time of cell origin in the retina of the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) was studied by plotting the number of heavily radiolabeled nuclei in autoradiograms prepared from 2- to 6-month-old animals, each of which was exposed to a pulse of 3h-thymidine (3h-tdr) on a single embryonic (e) or postnatal (p) day. cell birth in the monkey retina begins just after e27, and approximately 96% of cells are generated by e120. the remaining cells are produced during the last (approximately 45) prenatal days an ...19911894769
effects of interleukin-6, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha on transferrin release from sertoli cells in culture.recent studies demonstrate that several cytokines are potent modulators of steroid release from the testis. in an attempt to determine whether these agents may influence other types of secreted substances, we used plaque assays to measure the effect of interleukin-6 (il-6), interleukin-2 (il-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha on transferrin (tf) release from sertoli cells in culture. because sertoli cells from different parts of the tubule respond differently to modulatory factors, we used cult ...19911905226
evidence that inhibin plays a major role in the regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the fully adult male rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta).in the juvenile male rhesus monkey in which an adult-like pattern of endocrine activity in the pituitary-testicular axis is imposed by pulsatile stimulation with exogenous gnrh, administration of inhibin antiserum elicits a marked and selective hypersecretion of fsh. this finding suggests that in the monkey, testicular inhibin plays a major role in the postpubertal regulation of this gonadotropin. the purpose of the present study was to confirm this view more directly. to this end, 10 adult male ...19911905228
susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli biofilms towards ciprofloxacin: effect of specific growth rate.methods of cell culture which enable the control of specific growth rate and expression of iron-regulated membrane proteins within gram-negative biofilms were employed for various clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa taken from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and of a laboratory strain of escherichia coli. susceptibility towards ciprofloxacin was assessed as a function of growth-rate for intact biofilms, cells resuspended from the biofilms and also for newly formed daughter cells s ...19911905285
umbilical cord occlusion stimulates breathing independent of blood gases and ph.the role of umbilical cord occlusion in the initiation of breathing at birth was investigated by use of 16 unanesthetized fetal sheep near full term. artificial ventilation with high-frequency oscillation was used to control fetal arterial blood gas tensions. at baseline, pco2 was maintained at control fetal values and po2 was elevated to between 25 and 50 torr. in the first study on six intact and four vagotomized fetuses, arterial pco2 and po2 were maintained constant during two 30-min periods ...19911905291
measurement of human cerebral monoamine oxidase type b (mao-b) activity with positron emission tomography (pet): a dose ranging study with the reversible inhibitor ro 19-6327.eight normal subjects (3 females and 5 males) were studied using intravenous l-[11c] deprenyl and positron emission tomography. in a single blind study one subject received tracer alone, one subject received an oral pre-dose of 20 mg of l-deprenyl and 6 subjects received oral pre-doses of 10 to 50 mg of a novel reversible mao-b inhibitor (ro 19-6327). dynamic pet scans beginning 12 h after the oral dose were collected over 90 min and arterial blood was continuously sampled. data analysis was mod ...19911906004
capsaicin inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness but not lipoxygenase activity or eosinophilia after repeated aerosolized antigen in guinea pigs.to evaluate the role of tachykinins in airway hyperresponsiveness following repeated aerosolized antigen challenge in guinea pigs, we treated 12 guinea pigs with capsaicin (105.6 mg cumulative dose given subcutaneously over 5 days) after sensitization to ovalbumin (oa) and before three repeated oa aerosol challenges per wk for 4 to 5 wk. ten guinea pigs received identical oa sensitization and challenges without capsaicin treatment, and four of eight nonsensitized controls received capsaicin foll ...19911907116
studies on the pathogenicity of listeria monocytogenes.the characterization of mutants of listeria monocytogenes with reduced virulence properties is described. reduction in the amount of the extracellular protein p60 (encoded by the ipa gene) leads to cell filaments with impaired invasiveness. mutants which cannot synthesize listeriolysin are still invasive but unable to survive within phagocytic cells. one type of listeriolysin-negative mutants is defective in the synthesis of a positive regulatory element prfa which coordinately regulates the lis ...19911908834
intercellular spread of shigella flexneri through a monolayer mediated by membranous protrusions and associated with reorganization of the cytoskeletal protein vinculin.the spread of shigella flexneri in a monolayer of infected henle and hela cells was studied by using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. infected cells produced numerous bacterium-containing membranous protrusions up to 18 microns in length that penetrated adjacent cells and were subsequently phagocytosed. fluorescence staining of actin and vinculin in infected cells with phalloidin and monoclonal antibody to vinculin, respectively, demonstrated that the protrusions containing the bacter ...19911910001
calcium dependence of effects of endothelin on rat mesenteric microvessels.we investigated the calcium dependence of the effects of endothelin (et) on resistance vessels (less than 300 microns lumen diameter) from the mesenteric vascular bed of the rat, mounted on a wire myograph. et-1 induced a potent sustained contraction with an ed50 of 12 nmol/l. the response to et-3 and big et at the maximum concentrations used (100 nmol/l) was less than 40% of that to et-1, with an estimated ed50 of 45 nmol/l. relaxation of the et-1-induced contraction was slow, and resulted in a ...19911913326
biosynthesis of isochorismate in klebsiella pneumoniae: origin of o-2.the shikimate metabolites are key precursors to a large number of natural products, including aromatic amino acids. chorismic acid is an important branch point in the biosynthetic pathway to aromatic amino acids. chorismic acid is also unique among natural products since it is the only compound known to undergo an enzymatic claisen rearrangement. a metabolite of chorismic acid, isochorismic acid, first observed in aerobacter aerogenes differs in its chemical structure by the location of the hydr ...19911913340
relationship of fever magnitude to rate of serious bacterial infections in infants aged 4-8 weeks.we correlated the height of fever with underlying infectious etiology in 683 consecutive febrile infants aged four to eight weeks who received outpatient evaluation for sepsis during a five-year period. the relative number of infants with fever was inversely proportional to fever height, as 51% had a temperature 38.1-38.9 degrees c, 45% had a temperature 39-39.9 degrees c, and 4% had a temperature greater than or equal to 40 degrees c [hyperpyrexia]. there were 34 cases of serious bacterial infe ...19911914347
screening of children for enteric bacterial pathogens in the outborn neonatal ward in lagos, nigeria.babies, on admission into a neonatal ward at the lagos university teaching hospital, had their rectal swab specimens examined bacteriologically and screened for enteric bacterial pathogens over a one-year-period at two-week intervals. it was found that on the average there were 3 (9.68%) enteric bacterial pathogens out of an average of 31 admissions at each screening period. the enteric bacterial pathogens isolated included: non-typhoid salmonellae, which accounted for 55 (80.88%) isolates out o ...19911915794
140-mda plasmids of escherichia coli and shigella flexneri 5 do not influence phagocytosis.enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) and shigella flexneri possessing a 140-megadalton (mda) plasmid are capable of invading intestinal epithelial cells and causing dysentery. to determine if this plasmid affected phagocytosis of the organisms by leukocytes, we studied the in vitro phagocytosis of isogenic pairs of eiec and s. flexneri 5 which differed only in the presence or absence of the 140-mda plasmid. in addition five eiec strains containing 140-mda plasmids as well as one non-enteroinva ...19911921856
nucleotide sequence and phylogeny of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by the plasmid pscs7 from staphylococcus aureus.the nucleotide sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) and its regulatory region, encoded by the plasmid pscs7 from staphylococcus aureus, was determined. the structural cat gene encoded a protein of 209 amino acids, which represented one monomer of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). comparisons between the amino acid sequences of the pscs7-encoded cat from s. aureus and the previously sequenced cat variants from s. aureus, staphylococcus intermedius, staphy ...19911929326
reactive modifications of the autonomous time structure in the human organism.the spectrum of biological rhythms exhibits characteristic principles of biological time structure which also rule the functional behaviour. with increasing period lengths the rhythms become increasingly complex. in the long-wave section the rhythmic functions find their corresponding cycles in the environment, whereas the shorter waves represent only endogenous autonomous rhythms, which maintain an internal time order by means of frequency- and phase-coordination. under resting conditions and i ...19911932773
effect of a nonpeptide angiotensin ii receptor antagonist, dup 753, on angiotensin-related water intake in rats.the effect of peripheral administration of the nonpeptide angiotensin ii-1 (aii) receptor blocker, dup 753, on the dipsogenic responses to peripherally administered angiotensins i, ii, and iii was tested. in all cases, dup 753 significantly inhibited the drinking response, whether administered 15 or 45 minutes prior to administration of the dipsogen. these results suggest that the drinking responses to angiotensins i, ii, and iii are mediated by aii-1 receptors. they also suggest that either aii ...19911933441
a new sensitive method for determining endotoxin in whole blood.we developed a microplate method for determining endotoxin in whole blood with endospecy, an endotoxin-specific chromogenic limulus test reagent. the factors in blood that would interfere with the test were successfully removed by exposing samples to 0.66 mol/l hno3 containing 0.25% triton x-100. recoveries of various endotoxins spiked into whole blood of humans and experimental animals were almost complete, and were not enhanced by sample dilution. normal endotoxin concentration in human whole ...19911934509
development of antisera to detect virulent yersinia enterocolitica, shigella and escherichia coli enteroinvasive. 19911935085
molecular epidemiology of plasmid patterns in shigella flexneri types 1-6.a total of 123 drug-resistant and drug-sensitive shigella flexneri types 1-6, and their escherichia coli k12 transconjugants were used for plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis. resistance factors (r-factors) were further characterized by incompatibility testing. the overall distribution of small plasmids in s. flexneri showed that a cryptic plasmid of about 4.6 kb was found in all serotypes, and a plasmid of about 4.2 kb was found in serotypes 1-4. shigella flexneri types 2, 4 ...19911936154
small-animal model to measure efficacy and immunogenicity of shigella vaccine strains.the development of a small-animal model to test the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of a vaccine strain against shigellosis would greatly facilitate the evaluation of potential vaccine candidates. in guinea pigs, the ability of shigellae to invade and multiply within the corneal epithelium, causing keratoconjunctivitis, closely mimics the invasion process in the intestinal epithelium (b. sereny, acta microbiol. acad. sci. hung. 4:367-376, 1957). the serum response of animals recovering fr ...19911937767
inhibition of chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to interleukin-8 by endotoxins of various bacteria.the effects of endotoxins from various bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhosa, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) on chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to formyl peptide and interleukin-8 were tested in an improved chemotaxis assay involving a "sparse-pore" polycarbonate (nuclepore) membrane in a boyden-type chamber. the possible chemotactic activity of the endotoxins themselves were tested by the same technique. in addition, the effec ...19911937782
antibody responses in the lungs of mice following oral immunization with salmonella typhimurium aroa and invasive escherichia coli strains expressing the filamentous hemagglutinin of bordetella pertussis.the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) of bordetella pertussis was expressed in the attenuated aroa mutant of salmonella typhimurium, sl3261, and in a strain of escherichia coli harboring shigella flexneri plasmid pwr110, which encodes bacterial invasiveness for epithelial cells. expression of fha in these strains did not interfere with their ability to invade henle cells. immunoglobulins a and g specific for fha were detected in lung washes of mice following oral immunization with the live recombi ...19911937797
preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of conjugates composed of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (shiga's bacillus) bound to tetanus toxoid.the background for developing conjugate vaccines for shigellosis composed of the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) bound to a protein is described elsewhere (c. y. chu, r. schneerson, and j. b. robbins, submitted for publication). briefly, there is direct evidence for type (lipopolysaccharide [lps])-specific protection after infection with the wild type or with attenuated strains of shigellae. prospective studies of israeli armed forces recruits show a correlation between preexisting serum immuno ...19911937803
treatment of shigellosis. 19911941398
a new form of autosomal dominant arthrogryposis.we report a man and his son with congenital limb contractures, limitation of ocular movements, and an electroretinal abnormality. they appear to have an autosomal dominant form of arthrogryposis, distinguishable from other previously classified forms of this disorder.19911941966
[creatinine clearance as the foundation for clinical determination of kidney function in swine].comparative examinations of renal function using inulin- and endogenous creatinine-clearance tests in 5 pigs showed nearly identical values of glomerular filtration rate (gfr). based on this relation 79 healthy pigs, weighting 2 kg to 230 kg were investigated using the creatinine-clearance test for determination of normal values of gfr and urine flow rate (vu) as well as renal excretion (e), renal clearance (clr) and fractional excretion (fe) of urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, gluc ...19911948984
[the adhesion of pathogenic microflora on carbon sorbents].the adsorbing activity of granulated carbonic sorbents skn and kau, as well as their oxidated forms, containing protogenic carboxylic and phenolic groups with respect to shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, streptococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenic strains has been studied. as shown in this study, the process of interaction between microorganisms and carbonic sorbents has two stages. at the first stage the main role is played by long-distance electrostati ...19911950254
[the dynamics of the formation of an infection focus in the intestines].the problem of the stability of the development of shigella population in the intestine, depending on the dose of the infective agent, is analyzed. the agent is reproduced in the intestinal mucosa in short cycles, starting with adhesion and followed by penetration, intracellular multiplication and, finally, emission of free bacteria and hulled tops of villi with shigella intracellular microcolonies. this form of emission maintains high concentration of bacteria and ensures, in case of the adhesi ...19911950279
[the protective properties of the endotoxin protein].the isolation and properties of endotoxin protein, or lipid a-associated protein (lap), from shigella sonnei were described earlier (zh. mikrobiol. epidemiol. immunobiol., 1991, no. 4, pp. 11-17, and no. 7). in this report the data on its protective activity are presented. in experiments on mice one nanogram of lap injected i. v. protected 50% of the animals against i. p. challenge with 40 ld50 of virulent s. sonnei. guinea pigs injected s. c. with 10 micrograms of lap were protected against loc ...19911950285
ototoxic effect of potassium canrenoate on the guinea pig cochlea.potassium canrenoate (pc) is a diuretic with antialdosterone action, reducing the reabsorption of sodium in the efferent renal tubules. this drug has been reported to damage only the marginal cells of the stria vascularis in the cochlea. the perilymphatic space of the guinea pig cochlea was perfused with an artificial perilymph containing 5 x 10(-3) m potassium canrenoate. following the onset of perfusion, the endocochlear dc potential (ep) gradually declined to around 10 mv but did not become n ...19911950534
jaw protruder muscles and condylar cartilage growth in the rat.many studies have explored the role of the protrusive musculature in promoting growth at the condylar cartilage and the overall lengthening of the lower jaw, with emphasis on the lateral pterygoid muscle (lpm). the largely anteroposterior orientation of the superficial part of the masseter muscle (sm) in the rat suggests that it may also function as a protruder of the lower jaw. accordingly, it is possible that the action of the sm may play a part in the regulation of growth of the condylar cart ...19911951196
epidemiologic patterns of acute diarrhea and endemic shigella infections in children in a poor periurban setting in santiago, chile.to prepare a field site for evaluating preventive interventions against endemic shigellosis, the authors followed prospectively a cohort of 360 children (90 each of children aged 0-11, 12-23, 24-35, and 36-47 months) in santa julia, a low socioeconomic area in santiago, chile, from november 1986 through april 1989 with twice weekly household visits for diarrheal disease; infants replaced children who reached 60 months of age. coprocultures on 2 consecutive days from children with diarrhea and fr ...19911951266
static muscle contraction reflexly increases adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in rats.little is known about the mechanisms responsible for activation of sympathoadrenal function during exercise. we hypothesized that sympathoadrenal discharge is activated at the onset of exercise by a reflex arising in the contracting muscle. adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (sna) was recorded during 1 min stimulation of the tibial nerve at two times motor threshold, before and during neuromuscular blockade, in 12 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. static muscle contractions, induced by stimula ...19911951780
dogs as sentinels for lyme disease in massachusetts.an investigation of the relationship between incident human cases of lyme disease and seroprevalence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi in dogs was undertaken in order to determine whether dogs might serve as sentinels for lyme disease.19911951802
pathogenicity and antigenic components of excysted giardia lamblia isolated from patients in riyadh, saudi arabia.giardia lamblia cysts were isolated from patients in riyadh, saudi arabia. cysts and trophozoites (from axenically excysted cysts) were given orally by gavage to mice to establish the pathogenicity of the riyadh isolate. there was no effect of varying the dose of administered parasite on parasite excretion or morbidity. a typical pathologic pattern of giardiasis was demonstrated by histologic methods and electron microscopy. antigenic components of the riyadh isolate were compared with the portl ...19911951852
growth of dengue type 2 virus isolates in human peripheral blood leukocytes correlates with severe and mild dengue disease.we tested three dengue type 2 (den-2) isolates from children with clinically apparent but mild secondary dengue infections, and 10 isolates from children with moderately severe dengue hemorrhagic fever, and noted significant growth differences in peripheral blood leukocytes, but not in c6/36 cells. we also observed cytopathic effects in c6/36 cells that correlated with disease severity. these preliminary observations suggest the possibility that viral factors, whether surface antigens, attachmen ...19911951875
[cytological examination of urethral and endocervical smears in the diagnosis of infections].cytologic studies of smears from 130 women suffering from various diseases, including 61 pregnant patients with gestoses, have shown structural changes of the cells in the smears from the endocervix and urethra, that permitted the diagnosis of mycoplasma infection in 43.8% of patients, chlamydia infection, 52.3%, and herpes simplex in 72.3% of patients; in 63.9% of patients these infections were combined. cytologic studies may be useful in the tentative diagnosis of urogenital infections, includ ...19911951977
[detection of the determinants of tetracycline a, b and c resistance in shigella and salmonella using dna probes].genetic determinants of tetracycline resistance of classes a, b and c were detected with dna probes labeled with radioactive phosphorus (32p) in shigella (44 strains) and salmonella (50 strains). it was shown that in the shigella strains the frequency of the tet a gene amounted to 66 per cent, the frequency of the tet b gene was equal to 84 per cent, the frequency of their combination was equal to 50 per cent and the frequency of the tet c gene was nil. in the salmonella strains the frequency of ...19911953181
causes of breast cancer misdiagnosis at physical examination.2740 consecutive breast cancers undergoing physical examination were reviewed. ninety-two subclinical cancers detected at mammography were excluded from further evaluation and the study focused on palpable false benign cancers. the sensitivity of physical examination varied according to t category (tis = 0.48, t1 = 0.70, t2 = 0.90, t3 = 0.89, t4 = 0.93), age (20-29 = 0.77, 30-39 = 0.58, 40-49 = 0.75, 50-59 = 0.84, 60-69 = 0.90, greater than 69 = 0.94) and operator (range 0.69-0.89), a significan ...19911956468
the prophenoloxidase system and in vitro interaction of trypanosoma rangeli with rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans haemolymph.the presence of the prophenoloxidase (propo) system in the haemolymph of rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans and the role played by trypanosoma rangeli in the in vitro activation of propo were tested. both r. prolixus and t. infestans whole blood preparations showed a very active propo system. the propo cascade of the two insect species were differentially activated by microbial-derived extracts: laminarin was a better activator of t. infestans haemolymph than of r. prolixus blood, and lipo ...19911956701
differences in blood group b-specific mucinase activity between virulent and avirulent shigella flexneri 2a strains.based on our previous findings we postulate that the production of blood group b-degrading mucinase by shigella flexneri 2a is related to virulence. the virulent s. flexneri 2a strain m4243 produced a blood group b mucinase which decreased the blood group b reactivity of germ-free mouse mucins by a factor of 16 and the b reactivity of human saliva by a factor of 32. avirulent s. flexneri 2a b-1, serologically similar, but not genetically identical to the m4243 strain, failed to degrade the blood ...19911961109
[surveillance study on bacteriological etiology of 8371 children with diarrhea].the results of stool cultures from 8371 children of 0-13 years old with diarrhea during the years of january 1981 to december 1989 in shanghai area are reported. 2906 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated, with total detection rate of 34.72%. shigella were still the most common pathogens in 1981-1984, and campylobacter jejuni took second place, whereas from 1985 on campylobacter exceeded shigella as the first pathogenic bacteria of children's diarrhea. except in 1987 and 1988 shigel ...19911647837
an outbreak of shigellosis aboard a cruise ship caused by a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain of shigella flexneri.from october 23 to october 27, 1989, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred aboard a cruise ship in the caribbean. the 818 passengers and 518 crew members were surveyed for gastrointestinal symptoms; 72 (14%) of 512 passengers and 12 (3%) of 388 crew members who answered the survey reported having a diarrheal illness. multiple-antibiotic-resistant shigella flexneri 4a was isolated from 19 ill passengers and two ill crew members. thirteen people were hospitalized, and prolonged duration of illne ...19911652203
[isolation of enteropathogenic microorganism from patients with infection of the digestive tract during 1976 to 1988 in tenri hospital].enteropathogenic microorganisms isolated from feces of 9,393 patients with diarrhea or enteritis in our hospital between 1976 and 1988 were analyzed. as the result of the examination of 5,443 outpatients, 1,811 strains of pathogens were isolated from 1,686 cases (31.0%). several species including salmonella spp., escherichia coli serotype, vibrio parahaemolyticus, were isolated before 1978, and the incidence of pathogens was low (14.8%). for the 10-year period since 1979, the incidence markedly ...19911655921
molecular typing of shigella strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and genome hybridization with insertion sequences.the genomes of 18 independent shigella isolates (9 shigella sonnei, 5 shigella dysenteriae and 4 shigella flexneri) as well as of 4 epidemic s. flexneri strains were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and by the distribution of insertion sequences (is1, is2 and is911). despite the close relatedness observed among the 9 independent s. sonnei, all of them could be differentiated from each other. the 4 independent s. flexneri isolates showed clearly distinguishable dna profiles. ne ...19911658885
construction of a physical map of the chromosome of shigella flexneri 2a and the direct assignment of nine virulence-associated loci identified by tn5 insertions.to establish the molecular basis of the chromosomal virulence genes of shigella flexneri 2a (ysh6000), a notl restriction map of the chromosome was constructed by exploiting notl-linking clones, partial notl digestion and dna probes from various genes of escherichia coli k-12. the map revealed at least three local differences in the placements of genes between ysh6000 and e. coli k-12. using the additional notl sites introduced by tn5 insertion, nine virulence loci identified previously by rando ...19911662762
[in vitro model for the analysis of the interaction between shigella flexneri and the intestinal epithelium].an in vitro study of the adhesion and invasion of shigella flexneri was implemented, by means of incubation of laminary cuts of cecal mucosa of dunkin-hartley guinea pigs in a suspension of shigella flexneri, which was isolated from a patient with bacillary dysentery. the laminae were placed in plastic chambers for two hours at 37%c. after this the bacterial suspension was discarded so as to eliminate the bacilli which were not adhered. the epithelium was washed with saline and was processed for ...19901669218
interferon production by shigella flexneri-infected fibroblasts depends upon intracellular bacterial metabolism.the role of bacterial invasion and subsequent intracellular metabolism or replication, or both, in the induction of interferon (ifn) production in primary cultures of murine embryo fibroblasts (mefs) was examined. ifn production appeared to be dependent upon bacterial invasion. mefs that were challenged with shigella flexneri cultured at 30 degrees c to inhibit the temperature-dependent virulence gene expression that is essential for invasion failed to produce ifn. furthermore, inhibition of s. ...19901688826
sequence and molecular characterization of a multicopy invasion plasmid antigen gene, ipah, of shigella flexneri.a lambda gt11 expression library of tn5-tagged invasion plasmid pwr110 (from shigella flexneri serotype 5, strain m90t-w) contained a set of recombinants encoding a 60-kilodalton protein (designated ipah) recognized by rabbit antisera raised against s. flexneri invasion plasmid antigens (j. m. buysse, c. k. stover, e. v. oaks, m. m. venkatesan, and d. j. kopecko, j. bacteriol. 169:2561-2569, 1987). southern blot analysis of wild-type s. flexneri serotype 5 invasion plasmid dna (pwr100) digested ...19901690703
bacteria-infected fibroblasts have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic action of tumor necrosis factor.the susceptibility of bacteria-infected fibroblasts to the cytotoxic action of tumor necrosis factor was investigated. l cells infected with shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, or listeria monocytogenes, had an enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic activity of tnf-alpha. this enhanced susceptibility was dependent upon the challenge dose of bacteria, the concentration of tnf, and upon the exposure time of bacteria-infected cells to tnf. l cells infected with s. flexneri were susceptible ...19901694886
[the significance of the o antigen for the diagnosis of acute sonne dysentery].the authors investigated the clinical importance of determination of the o-antigen in coprofiltrates of patients with acute sonne dysentery by means of immunoenzymatic analysis. it was found that use of immunoenzymatic analysis is justified for etiological diagnosis of dysentery as well as with the purpose of forecasting recurrence of the disease.19901697713
transient cytokeratin expression in skeletal muscle during murine embryogenesis.cytokeratin expression was investigated in paravertebral skeletal musculature of 10 d and 18 d old embryos as well as in adult nmri-mice. the muscular nature of the evaluated tissue was evidenced by their expression of vimentin and desmin. binding moieties for cytokeratin antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) could be demonstrated only in muscle cells of 10 d old embryos. concerning subtypes, the mouse equivalents of the human cytokeratins nos. 8, 18 and 19 could be made probable. the importanc ...19901698345
conduction velocity distribution of afferent fibers innervating the rat urinary bladder.the conduction velocities of individual afferent fibers innervating the rat urinary bladder were determined by the antidromic stimulation of dorsal roots while recording from bladder postganglionic nerves. conduction velocities ranged from 0.5 to 21.0 m/s; 70% of the velocities were less than 2.5 m/s. the distribution within the dorsal roots was ipsilateral with 84% in l6 and 16% in s1. neuroanatomical tracing with horseradish peroxidase applied to individual bladder postganglionic nerves result ...19901698508
desensitization of the dopaminergic system in bovine retina following incubation with high potassium.the effect of potassium depolarization on dopamine d1 receptor activity in bovine retina was investigated. preincubation of bovine retinas in buffer containing high kcl (56 mm) as compared to a low kcl control buffer resulted in a significant decrease in dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity with no change in basal or gtp-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. the apparent vmax for dopamine was decreased from 102 +/- 15 pmol/min/mg protein in retinas preincubated in high kcl to 71 +/- 1 ...19901698510
monoclonal antibodies against an hla-b27-derived peptide react with an epitope present on bacterial proteins.the role of molecular mimicry in the spondyloarthropathies was investigated with respect to the epitopes involved. mab were produced against a synthetic peptide whose sequence was derived from a polymorphic region of the hla-b27 molecule (amino acids 63-83). two antibodies (j7f2 and h2b6) were selected for study on the basis of their ability to react with bacterial envelope proteins (elisa) and b27-positive cells (immunofluorescence). j7f2 reacted preferentially with b27-positive cells and neith ...19901698856
projection subtypes of rat neostriatal matrix cells revealed by intracellular injection of biocytin.individual neostriatal-matrix spiny neurons were stained intracellularly with biocytin after intracellular recording in vivo, and their axons were traced into the globus pallidus (gp), entopeduncular nucleus (ep), and/or substantia nigra (sn). the locations of the neurons within the matrix compartment of the neostriatum (ns) were established by immunocytochemical counterstaining of sections containing the cell bodies using antibodies for calbindin-d28k. this allowed nearly complete visualization ...19901698947
[the rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis by a determination of the antigen in the biosubstrates of patients using the coagglutination reaction].the diagnostic potential of the coagglutination test was checked with the aim of improving the laboratory diagnosis of salmonella infections by the detection of salmonella specific antigen in different biological materials (feces, urine, saliva and immune complexes in blood sera). the study of all specimens resulted in the confirmation of the diagnosis in 78% of patients, often during the first days of the disease. the proportion of nonspecific reactions, as shown in the control groups of health ...19901699371
demonstration of shared epitopes between bacterial proteins and hla class-i proteins using monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the presence of epitopes on bacterial proteins which are cross-reactive with hla-b27. anti-hla-b27 monoclonals, b27m2 and ye-2 reacted with a major protein of approximately 35 kda, which was found to be ompa. on some strains a 19 kda protein was also seen. anti-shigella flexneri monoclonals were also developed which reacted with a 36 kda protein and a 19 kda protein. the 36 kda protein was ompf. these antibodies also reacted with a synthetic peptide re ...19901701917
binding of enteric bacteria to hog gastric mucin.the binding features of enteric bacteria were studied using a model mucin of hog gastric origin. the time requirement of binding is short, it is temperature-independent, but dose-dependent. the binding effectiveness of escherichia coli, shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri, as well as salmonella minnesota had a narrow range: 1.5-9 germs pro pg of mucin. the bacterial ligand of the binding is certainly not a polysaccharide as proved by the uniform binding of the r-mutant series of s. sonnei and ...19901702253
distribution of insertion sequence is200 in salmonella and shigella.two dna probes for the detection of insertion sequence is200 by either southern blotting or colony hybridization were constructed. one of the probes is a 300 bp ecori-hindiii fragment of is200 cloned onto pbluescript ks(+); the other is a tail-to-tail dimer of the same fragment cloned onto puc19. a survey of the presence of is200 among enteric bacteria revealed that more than 90% of the pathogenic or food-poisoning isolates of salmonella spp. examined contained one or more copies of insertion se ...19901964174
h(+)-stimulated release of prostaglandin e2 and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphoric acid and their relationship to bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvaria cultures.the addition of protons to the medium of neonatal mouse calvaria cultures stimulated bone resorption and release of calcium into the medium. in addition, added protons significantly increased the release of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphoric acid (camp) from the bones. indomethacin significantly inhibited the release of calcium, pge2 and camp from proton-treated cultures. the positive control, parathyroid hormone (pth)-treated cultures, also gave rise to bone resor ...19901964815
immunoglobulin profiles and antibacterial antibody levels in 50 patients a long time after posttraumatic splenectomy.serum immunoglobulin and antibacterial antibody concentrations have been determined in 50 patients 2 to 20 years after posttraumatic splenectomy. the serum levels of igg, iga and igm were found to be significantly greater in the group of posttraumatic splenectomy patients than in that of the healthy controls. the serum ige concentrations did not differ statistically from that of the controls. the serum level of natural antibodies against intestinal bacteria were found to be elevated (shigella 1b ...19901966943
close relationships between neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin levels in intravenous drug abusers.serum from 36 intravenous drug abusers without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex were tested for concentrations of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin. the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody in this group was 50%. previous studies of this group showed that the hiv antibody positive patients had significant increases in hla-dr expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes and increases in serum soluble cd8 antigen. both neopterin and beta 2-m ...19901976599
competitive inhibition of magnesium-induced [3h]n-(1-[thienyl] cyclohexyl)piperidine binding by arcaine: evidence for a shared spermidine-magnesium binding site.the polyamine competitive antagonist arcaine (1,4-diguanidino-butane) produced complete inhibition of basal [3h]n-(1-[thienyl] cyclohexyl)piperidine ([3h]tcp) binding, with an ic50 value of 4.52 +/- 0.93 microm. arcaine (5 and 10 microm) produced a decrease in the affinity without a significant change in the receptor density of [3h]tcp binding under equilibrium conditions. in addition, arcaine did not alter either n-methyl-d-aspartate-specific [3h] glutamate or strychnine-insensitive [3h]glycine ...19901978243
the structural basis of serological specificity in shigella flexneri o-antigens. 19901708342
sensitivity of shigella flexneri and escherichia coli bacteria to bacteriophages and to colicins, lost or established by the acquisition of r plasmids.lac+ recombinant of shigella flexneri 2a carrying r-factors of the standard set have been constructed. the r+ transconjugants obtained have been compared with the original strain with respect to their susceptibility to a set of bacteriophages recommended for phagetyping of shigella strains and to a set of colicins. it have been found that as a result of acquiring some r-factors the susceptibility to bacteriophages changes; presence of certain r-factors causes susceptibility, that of other r-fact ...19901715637
sensitivity of shigella strains to the bactericidal activity of human serum. ii. shigella flexneri 3 a is killed by complement activated via the classical pathway, with participation of lysozyme.normal human serum is bactericidal for all studied strains (15) of shigella flexneri serotype 3a. the activity of the serum was similar irrespective of the invasiveness of the bacteria or its lack. the studied bacteria were susceptible to a single mechanism of bactericidal activity involving complement activated via the classical pathway, accompanied by the action of lysozyme.19901715645
sensitivity of shigella strains to the bactericidal activity of human serum. iii. the diversity of activity variants of bactericidal serum factors against shigella flexneri serotypes.normal human serum is bactericidal for all studied shigella flexneri strains (38) belonging to nine serotypes. six variants of bactericidal activity of serum factors for these bacteria were determined.19901715646
[recurrent thromboembolism disclosing protein c deficiency. apropos of a case with familial investigation].every thromboembolic manifestation, especially in young subjects, calls for an aetiological study in which haemostasis is evaluated primarily with assays of physiological coagulation inhibitors: protein c, protein s and antithrombin iii. protein c deficiency is found in 6 to 7% of thromboembolic manifestations. we report the case of a 21-year old man who had phlebitis followed by pulmonary embolism without facilitating factors. protein c level was 50% of normal value (0.50 iu/ml). the patient re ...19902075365
[shigellosis]. 19902076763
[the indices of pancreatic incretory function in acute intestinal infections].results are reported of a study of the incretory function in 156 patients with acute intestinal infections. the incretory pancreatic function was found to be deranged in most patients in the acute period and tended to slow restoration during convalescence. this indicates the necessity of perfecting pathogenetic treatment of these patients and clinico-laboratory follow-up of patients with a history of acute intestinal infection with consideration of the incretory pancreatic function.19902080556
[clinico-morphological comparisons in different types of dysentery].clinical evidence and morphological picture of rectal biopsy specimens were analysed for 125 dysentery patients. as compared to a light course, moderately severe and severe dysentery presented enhanced microbial adherence and an elevated level of large lymphocytes in the external epithelium of the rectum, deeper penetration of shigella into crypts. on day 9-15 of the disease in attenuation of the clinical symptoms in severe and moderately dysentery morphological shifts persisted whereas the ligh ...19902084341
specific binding of virg to the vir box requires a c-terminal domain and exhibits a minimum concentration threshold.the positive regulatory protein virg from the virulence region of the ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens was first demonstrated to possess dna-binding capabilities using chromatographically purified protein and in vitro assays (powell et al., 1989). this paper is an extension of that research and presents evidence on the in vivo dna-binding properties of virg using a transcription interference assay. virg protein bound specifically to a 'vir box' response element and repressed transcription ...19902089226
intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study.light and electron microscopy were used to analyze nine therapy-resistant and asymptomatic human periapical lesions, which were removed as block biopsies during surgical treatment of the affected teeth. the cases that required surgery represented about 10% of all of the cases which received endodontic treatment and root fillings during the period 1977 to 1984. these cases revealed periapical lesions when they were examined 4 to 10 yr after treatment. the biopsies were processed for correlated li ...19902094761
[the clinico-pathogenetic significance of disorders of the immune status in dysentery].as many as 256 patients with flexner's dysentery caused by the same source of infection were examined. it has been established that in patients with a severe and protracted course of the disease, secondary immunodeficiency is formed by the relative hypersuppressor type and the function of phagocytizing macrophages decreases. patients with the reduced immune characteristics manifest deceleration of convalescence and repeated isolation of shigella after the antibiotic therapy. it is concluded that ...19902094988
ultrastructural features of microbial colony organization.the ultrastructure of microbial colonies was studied. inside the colonies three types of intercellular contacts were demonstrated. in the colonies of gram-negative bacteria, the cells were found to be connected by tight adhesions of outer membranes of the cell walls and membrane bridges. in the colonies of gram-positive bacteria, the intercellular contacts were formed by fusion of peptidoglucan layers of the cell walls. bacterial cells were differentiated by the presence of a capsule-like envelo ...19902097346
potential shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i live vaccinal strains. characterization of immunogenicity in animal models.rats and rabbits were immunized intraintestinally with different doses of virulent and nonvirulent live shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i strains. the nonvirulent strains had one or two attenuating markers. the period of excretion with the faeces of the bacteria and of their polysaccharide antigens, the proliferation of antigen-binding and antibody-producing cells in the spleens and gut-associated lymphoid tissues and the levels of antibodies in sera and faeces were studied. attenuated ...19902099082
construction and evaluation of live attenuated vaccine strains of shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1.shigellosis is an invasive disease of the human colon which is particularly prevalent among children of the developing world. no proper vaccine is available to protect against this enteric disease. it is currently accepted that only live strains with attenuated virulence administered orally may elicit protective immunity at the level of the colonic mucosa, which is the exclusive site of multiplication of causative microorganisms such as shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1. we have const ...19902101481
hybrid vaccines using escherichia coli as an antigen carrier. 19902101482
[experience in using new drug preparations for treating adult patients with acute intestinal infections].ciprofloxacin (bayer, frg), a derivative of hydroxyquinolone acid, was used for the treatment of patients with shigellosis and salmonellosis and for the sanitation of salmonella carriers. the drug turned out to exert a positive effect on bacteriological sanitation of the body. in order to treat patients with food toxinfection of unknown etiology, use was made of intetrix (farmacos, socialist federal republic of yugoslavia). inclusion of the drug into combined treatment of patients with food toxi ...19902110389
molecular characterization of promoters of the lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris temperate bacteriophage bk5-t and identification of a phage gene implicated in the regulation of promoter activity.dna fragments from the temperate lactococcal bacteriophage bk5-t were cloned into the promoter-detecting plasmid pmu1328. five dna fragments conferring promoter activity were selected by transformation of streptococcus sanguis and were functional in escherichia coli, s. sanguis, and lactococcus lactis subspp. lactis and cremoris. the nucleotide sequences of these fragments were determined, and primer extension analysis was used to locate the site of initiation of transcription from each promoter ...19902111118
electrolyte abnormalities associated with diarrhea in rhesus monkeys: 100 cases (1986-1987).serum electrolyte values from 100 rhesus monkeys with diarrhea were reviewed. the most frequent finding was hyponatremia (88%), with hypochloremia next most frequently detected (80%). metabolic acidosis was less common (59%) and usually associated with high anion gap values. associations between electrolyte abnormalities and age, housing, or case outcome were not found. bacteriologic culturing was performed on fecal specimens from 90 monkeys. campylobacter coli or c jejuni alone was isolated fro ...19902112122
phorbol myristate acetate inhibits hela 229 invasion by bordetella pertussis and other invasive bacterial pathogens.the microfilament inhibitors cytochalasins b and d have been traditionally used to indirectly evaluate the requirement for actin in the uptake of invasive bacterial pathogens by nonprofessional phagocytes. through their effects on microfilaments, both cytochalasins also impart profound alterations in cellular morphology and surface topology, which likely interfere with adherence. alterations affecting adherence would complicate interpretation of the effect of cytochalasins on entry alone. as an ...19902119340
[acute severe dyspnea as a side effect of drugs. report from the chdm (comprehensive hospital drug monitoring)].this "syndrome" has been observed in 4 of 23,935 in-patients registered in the years 1974-1987 in the comprehensive hospital drug monitoring (bern/st. gallen), with 6 reactions. signs of an attack of bronchial asthma, laryngeal or pulmonary edema or a (heart-)circulatory event were not observed. each patient was cyanotic and 3 had the feeling of impending death. the eliciting drugs were penicillin-g (twice) and cefazolin (once), given i.v.; iron dextran i.m. (once); pitressin tannate i.m. (once) ...19902120771
the two-component regulatory system ompr-envz controls the virulence of shigella flexneri.in shigella flexneri, the ompb locus (containing the ompr and envz genes) was found to modulate expression of the vir genes, which are responsible for invasion of epithelial cells. vir gene expression was markedly enhanced under conditions of high osmolarity (300 mosm), similar to that encountered in tissues both extra- and intracellularly. two ompb mutants were constructed and tested for virulence and for osmotic regulation of vir genes. an envz::tn10 mutant remained invasive, although its viru ...19902121709
growth inhibition of selected food-borne bacteria, particularly listeria monocytogenes, by plant extracts.six extracts from chinese medicinal plants: tin men chu, sey lau pai, siu mao heung, bak tao yung, kam chin chiu and liao ya, were tested for their inhibitory effect on selected food-borne bacteria by the well assay technique. among them, tin men chu, siu mao heung and sey lau pai inhibited the growth of staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumonia, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, streptococcus faecalis, salmonella paratyphi, salm. enteritidis, enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas fluorescens ...19902127264
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