Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| intraventricular cryptococcal granuloma. report of two cases. | infection by cryptococcus neoformans, a budding nonmycelial yeast, involves the central nervous system in 70% of patients at the time of diagnosis. meningitis and meningoencephalitis are common manifestations of infection; solid granulomas occur but are unusual, and intraventricular granulomas are distinctly rare. two cases of intraventricular cryptococcal granuloma are reported. the diagnosis and treatment of mass lesions due to cryptococcal infection are discussed, with special reference to in ... | 1988 | 3335901 |
| cerebrospinal fluid macrophage response to experimental cryptococcal meningitis: relationship between in vivo and in vitro measurements of cytotoxicity. | the functional abilities of macrophages from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) have so far been little studied. we examined the acquisition of activation characteristics by csf macrophages during the course of experimental cryptococcal meningitis. csf macrophages developed the ability for increased reactive oxidative intermediate (h2o2) production and tumor and fungal cytotoxicity. despite having been activated, csf macrophages could not inhibit the growth of cryptococcus neoformans in vitro. immunosupp ... | 1988 | 3346075 |
| fatal disseminated cryptococcosis following intraocular involvement. | a 33-year-old man was treated with systemic steroids for a retinal inflammatory lesion before the diagnosis of cryptococcal retinitis and meningitis was suspected. he died from central nervous system disease despite treatment with parenteral antifungals. histopathological studies demonstrated ocular and disseminated systemic infection with cryptococcus neoformans. direct cryptococcal involvement of the eye is rare and is usually associated with disseminated disease. systemic steroids must be use ... | 1988 | 3355803 |
| isolated cryptococcus neoformans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child. | 1988 | 3368272 | |
| death of a child associated with multiple overdoses of acetaminophen. | a case of long-term acetaminophen overdosage in a six-year-old child, which contributed to her death despite optimal medical management including oral acetylcysteine therapy, is reported. acetaminophen 325 mg every six hours was prescribed for fever associated with measles. believing that acetaminophen was nontoxic, the child's mother progressively increased the dose over three days, first in response to fever and subsequently for abdominal pain probably secondary to unrecognized acetaminophen t ... | 1988 | 3383545 |
| in vitro synergistic activity of ketoconazole with trifluoperazine and with chlorpromazine against medically important yeasts. | combination of ketoconazole and trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine yielded an in vitro synergistic effect on growth inhibition of candida albicans, torulopsis glabrata, cryptococcus neoformans, candida parapsilosis and candida tropicalis. the optimal ph range for the synergistic effects was 7.0-7.6. at ph 5.0 the drug combination was antagonistic. (application for patent protection has been filed). | 1988 | 3391057 |
| mycological-diagnostic assessment of the efficacy of amphotericin b + flucytosine to control cryptococcus neoformans in aids patients. | 1988 | 3405247 | |
| management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with aids. | a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is described, as well as the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of the disease. in july 1987 a 38-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital because of confusion, disorientation, and headache. his medical history was notable for a positive human immunodeficiency virus test. culture of the cerebrospinal fluid was positive for cryptococcus n ... | 1988 | 3416573 |
| [meningitis caused by cryptococcus neoformans]. | 1987 | 3424703 | |
| [significance of the presence of candida sp. in bronchopulmonary secretions. contribution of pulmonary biopsy]. | candida sp is often found in broncho-pulmonary secretions (expectorations, bronchial aspirations, bronchiolo-alveolar lavage...); however, its presence even in massive amounts, is difficult to interpret. is it a sign of broncho-pulmonary candidosis or mouth-pharynx contamination? the different clinical and biological elements, in particular immunology in immunodepressed patients, bring little information. in this article, we present the retrospective study of 18 patients hospitalized in pneumolo ... | 1987 | 3425992 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans meningitis with normal cerebrospinal fluid]. | 1987 | 3431195 | |
| [cerebrospinal fluid in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. analysis of 50 cases]. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was analysed in 50 aids patients in this investigation. csf analysis included: pressure, aspect, colour, cytology (cell number, cytomorphology, and lymphocyte subpopulations), proteins concentration and their electrophoretic distribution, chloride and glycosis concentration, got and ldh activity, immunology for cysticercosis, syphilis and toxoplasmosis, bacteriology, and mycological examinations (direct, cultures, cryptococcus neoformans antigen test). diagnostic change ... | 1987 | 3449024 |
| advantage of fontana-masson stain in capsule-deficient cryptococcal infection. | we describe light and electron microscopic findings in three cases of pulmonary infection caused by capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans (cdcn) and emphasize the value of the fontana-masson silver (fms) stain in diagnosing cryptococcosis. capsule-deficient c neoformans infections, including coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, typical cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, and pneumocystosis were used as controls. several stains including mucicarmine, alcian blue, and fms were done on t ... | 1987 | 3541845 |
| biochemical serogrouping of clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans. | three hundred twenty-three clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans of diverse geographic origins were biochemically serogrouped using glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red agar (gcp), the same medium less cycloheximide (gop), and glycine-l-canavanine bromothymol blue agar (cgb). twenty isolates gave positive reactions on all three media typical of the b and c serotypes. three were from the peoples' republic of china; three each were from michigan (two patients) and louisiana; two each were from ... | 1987 | 3545655 |
| production, characterization, and antibody specificity of a mouse monoclonal antibody reactive with cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide. | two monoclonal immunoglobulin g1 antibodies reacting with cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide (cnps) were produced in mice by using a carefully defined procedure for immunization with unmodified cnps purified from c. neoformans serotype a. since the antibodies were found to have the same pattern of specificity, only one of them (e1) is described. this anti-cnps monoclonal antibody reacted with the glucuronoxylomannan component of cnps but not with the constituent monosaccharides or w ... | 1987 | 3546139 |
| protection of mice against experimental cryptococcosis by anti-cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibody. | humoral immunity does not play a prominent role during experimental cryptococcosis. however, previous studies have shown that immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-cryptococcus neoformans antibodies can mediate cell-dependent yeast killing in vitro. therefore, the protective effect of a previously described monoclonal igg1 anti-c. neoformans antibody (e1) administered intraperitoneally 24 h before intravenous infection with a c. neoformans serotype a strain was evaluated in mice. heavily infected (3 x 10( ... | 1987 | 3546140 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in australia. | an examination of 45 clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans revealed an unusually high incidence of c. neoformans var. gattii in south australia (65%) and in the northern territory (95%). in assessing all the available data from australian isolates of c. neoformans, there appeared to be an endemic focus for the incidence of c. neoformans var. gattii in the rural aboriginal population of the northern territory. | 1987 | 3546370 |
| localized cutaneous cryptococcosis successfully treated with ketoconazole. | a 27-year-old female recipient of a renal allograft, treated with systemic steroids and azathioprine, developed progressive cutaneous lesions (an ulcer, a nodule, and an abscess). histopathologic and tissue-culture examination of the skin lesions led to the diagnosis of cutaneous cryptococcosis. a description of the light and electron microscopic features of the cutaneous lesions is reported. a thorough visceral investigation failed to detect systemic involvement. the patient was treated with or ... | 1987 | 3546413 |
| synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of n-triiodoallyl- and n-iodopropargylazoles. new antifungal agents. | new series of n-(2,3,3-triiodoallyl) and n-(3-iodopropargyl) azole derivatives (100 compounds) involving pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole nuclei were synthesized successively with the aid of quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) analysis to obtain potent antifungal agents. starting from the derivatives of nitropyrrole-containing antibiotics, the qsar analysis of the pyrrole derivatives against candida albicans and trichophyton mentagrophytes strains indicated t ... | 1987 | 3546691 |
| the use of the prompt inoculation system in preparing a standardized yeast inoculum. | one of the most important steps in performing broth dilution susceptibility testing of yeast isolates is the preparation of the starting inoculum. although not specifically developed for yeast inoculum preparation, the prompt inoculation system (3m) provides a novel alternative approach that may provide a more standardized yeast inoculum than previously employed methods. the authors examined the relationship between the number of colonies picked with the prompt inoculation wand and the hemacytom ... | 1987 | 3318388 |
| the genetic basis of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in candida species and cryptococcus neoformans. | in terms of genetically determined susceptibility to the clinical antifungal agent 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc), candida albicans may be homozygous sensitive (fcy/fcy), homozygous resistant (fcy/fcy), or heterozygous (fcy/fcy). although heterozygotes are only slightly resistant, they occur at significant frequency among clinical strains and carry preexisting resistance determinants which may be responsible, following homozygosis, for treatment failures. there are two resistance genes (fcy1 and fcy2) ... | 1987 | 3319420 |
| [experimental subacute cryptococcosis in wistar rats]. | 1987 | 3320673 | |
| [cryptococcosis of the central nervous system--3 case reports]. | 1987 | 3320745 | |
| the brown colour effect (bce) of cryptococcus neoformans in the diagnosis, control and epidemiology of c. neoformans infections in aids patients. | cryptococcus neoformans was found as the causative agent of cryptococcosis in 7 (3.6%) out of 195 hiv-positive persons, most of them being hospitalized. these 7 persons included 6 homosexuals and 1 heroin addict. the examinations were performed at the mycology unit of the robert koch institute in berlin (west) between 1984 and 1986. the brown colour effect (bce) of the c. neoformans colonies on guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar (with 0.1% glucose) within 2-5 days at 26 degrees c facilitated th ... | 1987 | 3321763 |
| extracellular iron chelation in cryptococcus neoformans. | low-iron minimal medium supported growth of cryptococcus neoformans but spent medium contained no hydroxamates, organic acids or other iron chelators. exogenous deferoxamine stimulated growth in extreme iron-limitation, while neither organic acids nor quartersaturated transferrins were stimulatory. these results suggest two iron uptake mechanisms, one dependent upon exogenous hydroxamate, the other hydroxamate-independent. | 1987 | 3325632 |
| rapid identification of the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans by d-proline assimilation. | 1987 | 3325842 | |
| [light and electron microscopic observations of cysts in the brain from an autopsy case of cryptococcus meningitis]. | we gave some considerations to the significance of cyst formation in a case of cryptococcus meningitis by examining the cysts themselves and comparing the organisms in the cysts with those disseminated throughout the subarachnoid space by light and electron microscopy. an 18-year-old girl had complained of headache, stiffneck and fever at the onset. these symptoms worsened into confusion without any definite diagnosis, then resulted in an arrest of spontaneous respiration which led to use of res ... | 1987 | 3327515 |
| [neurocryptococcosis in childhood. report of 3 cases in the 1st decade of life]. | the authors report three cases of central nervous system cryptococcosis in children in the first decade of life, from rio grande do sul state, brazil. diagnosis was supported by demonstration of cryptococcus neoformans with india-ink preparations of the spinal fluid and sabouraud's media culture. clinical presentation included acute, subacute and chronic forms. increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus were the complications during the course of the disease, and a ventriculoperitoneal sh ... | 1987 | 3329508 |
| oral cryptococcus neoformans infection in aids. | opportunistic fungal and parasitic infections account for a significant amount of the morbidity and the mortality associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). oral fungal infections are limited primarily to candida albicans. the first reported case of oral cryptococcus neoformans infection in a patient with aids is presented. | 1987 | 3477766 |
| oral manifestations of disseminated cryptococcus neoformans in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a palatal lesion was the initial manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the diagnosis was initially verified with cytologic smears in situ and later confirmed with pathologic findings from an excisional biopsy specimen. as cryptococcosis is one of the major opportunistic infections in persons with aids, an increased incidence of oral manifestations of cryptococcosis can be expected. | 1987 | 3477767 |
| in vitro effect of cyclosporine on interleukin-2 receptor expression stimulated by cryptococcus neoformans. | 1987 | 3102632 | |
| urease inhibition by edta in the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (74 isolates) and c. neoformans var. gattii (44 isolates) were used to test urease activity after growth on both yeast extract-glucose-peptone agar (yepg) and on yepg supplemented with 100 microm edta. every isolate grown on yepg agar for 48 h at 30 degrees c produced a positive reaction within 1 h in a modified rapid urease assay at 37 degrees c. however, isolates grown on yepg with 100 microm edta showed a distinct pattern which corresponded to their var ... | 1987 | 3112009 |
| cryptococcal peritonitis. report of a case and review of the literature. | cryptococcus neoformans is a rare cause of peritonitis; only four cases have been reported in the literature. a 63-year-old man in whom isolation of c. neoformans from ascitic fluid provided the initial clue to disseminated cryptococcosis is described. review of this case and those previously reported reveals striking association between cryptococcal peritonitis and hepatic disease. | 1987 | 3548351 |
| the genetics of medically important fungi. | the present review is concerned with recent progress in basic genetic investigations with a variety of fungi which are pathogenic for man and animals. the principles and strategies involved in undertaking genetic investigations of sexual species and of asexual species are discussed. progress in genetic analysis of cryptococcus neoformans made possible by the discovery of its sexual phase is described in detail, as is progress in development of parasexual methods of analysis in candida albicans. ... | 1987 | 3549159 |
| evaluation of soc for the presumptive identification of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. | soc, a fungal growth medium composed of solryth, oxgall, and caffeic acid, was evaluated as a medium to provide rapid, differential identification of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. using a variety of common isolation media to produce the yeast inocula, the germ tube methods tested ranked in the following order of decreasing sensitivity: soc (97% +/- 1), serum (92% +/- 5), rabbit coagulase plasma with edta in combination with tryptic soy broth (89% +/- 5), toc (89% +/- 6), and rabb ... | 1987 | 3550466 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a latex agglutination test for detection of cryptococcal antigen in meningitis. | a cryptococcal latex agglutination test (crypto-la; international biological laboratories, canbury, new jersey, usa) was evaluated for its ability to detect cryptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens obtained from black patients with a clinical diagnosis of meningitis. of the 445 gram-stained and bacterial culture-negative csf specimens routinely tested for cryptococcal antigen, 34 (7,6%) were positive. with the exception of 1 false-positive result, the remaining 33 specimens we ... | 1987 | 3551136 |
| [electron microscopy demonstration of the capsule of cryptococcus neoformans]. | 1987 | 3553928 | |
| cryptococcosis in kashmir. | 1987 | 3553929 | |
| description of a case of rhinosporidiosis in spain. | rhinosporidiosis is reviewed, and the first autochthonous case in spain is presented (site: in the nasal cavity of a 19-year-old male from a rural background). diagnosis was established morphologically after eliminating the possibilities of cryptococcus neoformans, coccidioides immitis, and chrysosporium crescens. clinico-pathological features are described. preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, pas, and methenamine silver, and studied for fluorescence. certain aspects of the epidemi ... | 1987 | 3561472 |
| [laboratory and clinical study of intravenous miconazole]. | laboratory and clinical study was carried out on miconazole (mcz), a new synthetic imidazole. the antifungal activity of mcz was studied and expressed as mics for clinical isolates. the drug proved to have the highest activity against cryptococcus neoformans, with mics of no more than 0.16 micrograms/ml for all isolates of this species. mics of torulopsis glabrata were 0.08-5 micrograms/ml for all isolates and those of candida albicans and candida tropicalis were 5-20 micrograms/ml for more than ... | 1987 | 3599380 |
| cryptococcal infection of the spine. a case report. | osseous infection due to cryptococcus neoformans is rare. a case of paraplegia due to vertebral cryptococcal infection in a child is reported. | 1987 | 3603270 |
| cryptococcal tonsillitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an unusual manifestation of cryptococcal disease. | we present a case of chronic tonsillitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. despite empiric radiation and antibiotic therapy, the patient's sore throat and tonsillar enlargement persisted. excisional biopsy of the involved tonsil revealed the presence of cryptococcus neoformans. blood cultures also yielded cryptococcus. specific antifungal therapy resulted in cure. to our knowledge, this is the first case report of cryptococcal infection of the tonsil. this case illustrates the pitf ... | 1987 | 3618590 |
| role of natural killer cells in resistance to cryptococcus neoformans infections in mice. | previous studies have suggested a possible role for natural killer (nk) cells in resistance to some fungal infections, including cryptococcus neoformans infections. the role of nk cells in early clearance of c neoformans from tissues and in long-term survival was studied in mice following intravenous inoculations of the organism. mice treated with anti-asialo gm1 antiserum to temporarily reduce nk activity demonstrated an increase in colony-forming units (cfu) of c neoformans in the lung 24 hour ... | 1987 | 3618730 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in brazil. necropsy findings. | according to the 15 autopsies performed at the department of pathological anatomy, escola paulista de medicina, são paulo, brazil, it was confirmed that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) occurs preferably in young homosexual males, who die in a short period of time of the disease, which leads to a consumptive state verified by cachexia of the cadavers. the most affected organs of this series were the lungs and encephalum, exactly the ones responsible for the immediate cause of death. in ... | 1987 | 3620018 |
| meningitis due to cryptococcus neoformans biovar gattii in a zairean aids patient. | 1987 | 3622501 | |
| [cryptococcoma of the adrenal gland]. | the case is described of a 49-year-old man who developed cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis ten months before his death. six months later complicating hydrocephalus occurred which required the implantation of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. a further four months later the patient, who was receiving anticoagulation therapy due to deep vein thrombosis, died from intraventricular cerebral haemorrhage. in a blood culture taken shortly before his death, growth of cryptococcus neoformans was detected. a ... | 1987 | 3659876 |
| cutaneous cryptococcal infection presenting as vulvar lesion. | a woman aged 60, who had been immunosuppressed since receiving a renal transplant 17 years before, developed a painless ulcerated lesion on her right labia majora. cryptococcus neoformans was demonstrated by culture and biopsy of the lesion. this is the first reported case of a genital skin lesion caused by c neoformans. | 1987 | 3679221 |
| cryptococcosis in a pup. | disseminated cryptococcosis was diagnosed as the cause of death of a 2-week-old pup. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the dam's vaginal discharge, but not from the dam's milk, blood, feces, or environment. during succeeding months, c neoformans was isolated repeatedly from the dam's vagina, even though vaginitis was not evident. one year after the death of the 2-week-old pup, cryptococci could not be isolated from the dam's vagina, and evidence of cryptococcosis was not detected in pups ... | 1987 | 3679958 |
| use of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid concentration in the diagnosis of fungal meningitis. | a patient with a several year history of normal pressure hydrocephalus was found to have an infection owing to cryptococcus neoformans. cryptococcal infection was not suspected until typical cells were observed in a wright's stained smear of cerebrospinal fluid (csf). a review of past medical findings in this patient showed elevated csf values for lactic acid and protein. this case prompted us to review the use of lactic acid as an indicator of fungal meningitis and compare it to other more comm ... | 1987 | 3688826 |
| the value of calcofluor white in the diagnosis of mycotic and acanthamoeba infections of the eye and ocular adnexa. | in search of an easy and quick method for the diagnosis of fungal and acanthamoeba infections of the eye, the authors have used calcofluor white (cfw), a fluorescent brightener with marked affinity for chitin and cellulose which are present in the cell walls of fungi and cysts of acanthamoeba. paraffin-embedded tissues containing mycotic organisms were stained with cfw and examined under a fluorescent microscope. several fungi such as candida sp, aspergillus sp, phycomycetes, fusarium solani, hi ... | 1987 | 2436125 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide. | cryptococcus neoformans is surrounded by a capsular polysaccharide. there are at least four known serotypes of the polysaccharide. the objective of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that could be used to study the distribution of epitopes among the serotypes of c. neoformans. balb/c mice were immunized with cryptococcal polysaccharides of serotype a or d that were coupled to sheep erythrocytes. splenocytes were isolated, and hybridomas secreting mabs specific for cryptococca ... | 1987 | 2440810 |
| mechanisms of erythroid suppression in the anemia of chronic disease. | the mechanism underlying the hypoproliferative anemia in patients with chronic diseases has not been clearly defined. we have examined the effects of marrow macrophages from anemic patients with chronic diseases and normals to determine if they suppress erythroid progenitors in vitro. we found that marrow macrophages from patients with the anemia of chronic disease (acd) significantly suppressed erythroid progenitor cell growth, whereas marrow macrophages from normals did not. since acd is seen ... | 1987 | 2822178 |
| [eye involvement in aids]. | between 1984 and 1987 (over two-and-a-half years) 30 hospitalized patients with hiv infections of different degrees of severity were ophthalmologically examined. ocular involvement was found in 17 patients (approx. 57%). in 16 of these 17 patients with pathologic ophthalmologic findings (approx. 94%), aids was already fully developed. ocular involvement is therefore a sign of poor prognosis. fourteen patients had a microvascular retinal syndrome and four patients had infectious (chorio-)retiniti ... | 1987 | 2822996 |
| pneumonia in the immunocompromised child. | certain types and causes of pneumonia are unique to the immunocompromised host. the most frequent causes are cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis carinii, varicella zoster virus, candida species and aspergillus species. lymphoid interstitial pneumonia has recently been recognized in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. with the exception of varicella-zoster pneumonitis, an invasive procedure, such as open lung biopsy, is required to establish a definitive diagnosis. infrequent causes o ... | 1987 | 2825316 |
| failure of the bactec 460 radiometer to detect cryptococcus neoformans fungemia in an aids patient. | cryptococcus neoformans fungemia occurred in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the bactec 460 radiometer failed to detect cryptococcus neoformans in eight aerobic bactec 6b culture bottles inoculated with the patient's blood. the diagnosis of cryptococcemia was established by terminal (seven-day) subculturing of 6b broth to chocolate agar, which was positive for all eight radiometrically negative blood culture bottles. it appears that radiometric measurement is not op ... | 1987 | 3296739 |
| serogroup distribution of cryptococcus neoformans in patients with aids. | 1987 | 3298455 | |
| clinical and laboratory features of cryptococcosis. a five-year experience. | 1987 | 3299036 | |
| magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from xenopus skin: isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cdna sequence of a precursor. | a family of peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity has been isolated from the skin of the african clawed frog xenopus laevis. it consists of two closely related peptides that are each 23 amino acids and differ by two substitutions. these peptides are water soluble, nonhemolytic at their effective antimicrobial concentrations, and potentially amphiphilic. at low concentrations they inhibit growth of numerous species of bacteria and fungi and induce osmotic lysis of protozoa. the sequ ... | 1987 | 3299384 |
| recurrent meningitis of 5 years duration due to cryptococcus neoformans. | a patient with recurrent meningitis over five and a half years due to cryptococcus neoformans is reported. the relapsing course and the unusual diagnostic features are emphasized. | 1987 | 3299932 |
| activity of phenothiazines against medically important yeasts. | two phenothiazine compounds, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, inhibited growth in vitro of the five most common pathogenic yeasts, with mics ranging from 10 to 40 micrograms/ml. daily intraperitoneal injections of trifluoperazine (4 to 7 mg/kg of body weight) increased the survival of mice experimentally infected with candida albicans or cryptococcus neoformans. the potential use of these drugs against fungal meningitis is discussed. | 1987 | 3300543 |
| urease testing and yeast taxonomy. | when urease production was assayed by the hydrolysis of [14c]urea, all basidiomycetous yeasts tested, including the cryptococcus vishniacii complex (previously reported urease negative), produced significant amounts of 14co2. the schizosaccharomycetaceae were the only urease-positive ascomycetous yeasts tested. yarrowia lipolytica was urease negative. the stoichiometry of [14c]urea hydrolysis paralleled by roberts' rapid urea hydrolysis (ruh) test indicated that causes of anomalous results in co ... | 1987 | 3300912 |
| activation and binding of c3 by candida albicans. | interaction with components of the complement system is an important aspect of the pathogenesis of infection by candida albicans. the key role of c3 as an opsonic ligand and as an element in amplification of complement activation led us to examine several factors that influence the activation and binding of c3 cleavage fragments to the yeast. activation and binding of c3 were determined by use of normal human serum containing 125i-labeled c3. incubation of yeast-phase cells in 20% serum led to d ... | 1987 | 3301679 |
| cryptococcal udp-glucose dehydrogenase: enzymic control of capsular biosynthesis. | udp-glucuronate, formed through dehydrogenation of udp-glucose and itself decarboxylated to make udp-xylose, is the presumed donor for the glucuronyl side-groups in biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide in cryptococcus neoformans. a specific radiochromatographic assay for udp-glucose dehydrogenase shows that the enzyme is present in the cytosol. the enzyme is very labile but is stabilized by 25% glycerol. the enzyme is inhibited strongly by nadh (ki,nadh = km,nad = 0.1 to 0.2 mm). it is al ... | 1987 | 3302196 |
| ultrastructure of thin and thick capsulated cells in cryptococcus neoformans. | 1987 | 3302434 | |
| [30 patients with a 'hidden' disease: cryptococcal meningitis]. | 1987 | 3302732 | |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), also called the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus [htlv-iii/lav], has affected over 23,000 people; more than half of those with the disease have died. the actual case fatality rate approaches 100%. aids affects all groups and classes of people, although some are at special risk. distribution of the disease is worldwide. the illness' effects on the body are widesprea ... | 1987 | 3303395 |
| colonization and pathogenesis of cryptococcus neoformans in gnotobiotic mice. | congenitally immunodeficient nude (nu/nu) mice and their immunocompetent littermates (nu/+) were used to determine whether the absence of thymus-matured t cells would alter the capacity of cryptococcus neoformans to colonize their mucosal surfaces or enhance their susceptibility to systemic cryptococcosis, or both, following oral challenge. we present data demonstrating that an encapsulated strain of c. neoformans serotype a colonized the alimentary tracts of germfree, conventional, and antibiot ... | 1987 | 3305359 |
| [salmonella bacteremia and generalized cryptococcosis, a double indicator of african aids]. | a male rwandese adult with proven a.i.d.s. died from generalized cryptococcosis six months after episodes of recurrent fever with isolation of salmonella enteritidis from the blood culture. the authors discuss the frequent and precocious appearance of salmonella septicaemia in patients with a.i.d.s. they propose the inclusion of nontyphoidal salmonella bacteraemia in the provisional w.h.o. case definition of adult a.i.d.s. in countries with limited diagnostic resources. | 1987 | 3306249 |
| pulmonary cryptococcosis in aids. | cryptococcus neoformans is emerging as an important etiologic agent of disseminated infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). little attention has been placed on the pulmonary expression of this systemic infection. we report five patients with aids and cryptococcosis with primary pulmonary involvement. patients usually presented with fever, cough, dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. chest x-ray findings varied from localized and diffuse infiltration to lymphadenopa ... | 1987 | 3308348 |
| reaction of fungal products with amebocyte lysates of the japanese horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus. | a commercially available endotoxin assay (cs-tal) employing a chromogenic peptide and an amebocyte lysate from the japanese horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus, gave a positive result with aqueous extracts of all 15 strains of candida albicans and 1 strain each of candida tropicalis, cryptococcus neoformans, and a mucor species that we tested. purified glucans prepared from the candida strains gave the same results. reconstruction experiments showed that the positive results were not due to c ... | 1987 | 3308950 |
| evaluation of the experimental pathogenicity of some cryptococcus species in normal and cyclophosphamide-immunodepressed mice. | the pathogenic potential of distinct cryptococcus species has been evaluated in mice rendered leukopenic by one or two injections of the potent immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (cy). pathogenicity assessment included enumeration of viable cryptococcal cells in animal organs and histopathological observations. it was found that putatively non-pathogenic species of cryptococcus, in particular c. cereanus and c. albidus, showed significant lethality for cy-treated mice. in cy-immunodepressed ... | 1987 | 3309578 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans, var. neoformans, cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, causative agents of cryptococcosis]. | 1987 | 3311260 | |
| new heterocyclic derivatives of benzimidazole with germicidal activity. iv--in vivo anticandida activity of 5-fluoro-2-(5'-nitro-2'-furyl) benzimidazole (f-o-no2). | we have studied the possible in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of 5-fluoro-2-(5'-nitro-2'-furyl)benzimidazole (f-o-no2). our data demonstrate that f-o-no2 is able to inhibit the in vitro growth of different mycetes and bacteria, including candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. we also tested the possible in vivo activity against candida albicans. the results clearly show that treatment with f-o-no2 is able to significantly augment the survival of all treated animals; in particul ... | 1987 | 3311805 |
| ultrastructure of the mitotic apparatus in cryptococcus neoformans. | mitosis in cryptococcus neoformans was examined by electron microscopy. observation of serial sections showed that the separation of chromosomes occurred in the karyokinetic nucleus in the bud, that the microtubule organizing center (mtoc) was composed of two globular elements and a bridged middle piece, and that the nuclear envelope of the karyokinetic nucleus was partially destroyed during mitosis. these findings are similar to those reported in the heterobasidiomycetous yeasts. in addition, s ... | 1987 | 3312556 |
| growth inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans by human alveolar macrophages. | macrophage cytotoxicity for cryptococcus neoformans was investigated by culturing human alveolar macrophage (am) with a thin-capsuled clone of c. neoformans in a polypropylene culture tube assay system. yeast replication was quantitated by electronic particle counting after detergent lysis of am and viability by quantitative plate counts. under appropriate conditions, fungal replication was inhibited in the presence of human am. this effect persisted over the 48-h time course that was evaluated. ... | 1987 | 3314617 |
| absence of fungistatic antagonism between flucytosine and cytarabine in vitro and in vivo. | determination of the mic of flucytosine for 16 wild isolates of cryptococcus neoformans and candida spp. in ynbg medium containing 10 mg/l cytosine demonstrated antagonism of fungistatic activity compared with that determined in ynbg alone. determination of the mic in ynbg containing 10 mg/l cytarabine showed no change in activity for 14 of the strains, an increase for one and a decrease for another. determination of serum flucytosine concentrations in a patient receiving cytarabine simultaneous ... | 1987 | 3316150 |
| cryptococcus neoformans meningitis following renal transplantation. | 1987 | 3317088 | |
| fatal disseminated cryptococcosis and concurrent ehrlichiosis in a dog. | laboratory findings in an adult bull terrier presented with a history of anorexia and weight loss included the following: severe anaemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, ehrlichia canis morulae in monocytes, hypergammaglo-bulinaemia, a bleeding tendency, icterus and proteinuria. in addition, a high haemobartonella canis parasitaemia, non-encapsulated yeasts on urinalysis and a localised demodex canis infestation were present. treatment for ehrlichiosis was initiated ... | 1987 | 3508465 |
| thoracic manifestations of aids. | of 67 hospitalized aids patients, 39 had pulmonary pathology. more than half of these patients died of pulmonary disease. pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were the most common pulmonary pathogens, and kaposi's sarcoma was the most common neoplasm. infections and neoplasms frequently coexist in the thorax of an aids patient. the chest radiograph may be normal in an aids patient with active pneumocystis pneumonia. | 1987 | 3026159 |
| activity of orally, topically, and parenterally administered itraconazole in the treatment of superficial and deep mycoses: animal models. | the activity of itraconazole in vitro was evaluated for 2,094 strains of 132 fungal species, one achloric alga, nine actinomycetes, and six bacterial species. itraconazole was active against dermatophytes (271 strains), candida species (1,303), cryptococcus neoformans (27), torulopsis species (170), pityrosporum species (40), aspergillus species (87), sporothrix schenckii (12), dimorphic fungi, dematiaceae, and various other organisms. this activity depended largely on the test conditions and th ... | 1987 | 3027843 |
| degenerative changes in fungi after itraconazole treatment. | changes in morphogenetic behavior and structural degeneration after exposure to itraconazole are illustrated in candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, pityrosporum ovale, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, trichophyton rubrum, and aspergillus fumigatus. with the exception of p. ovale, primary alterations are seen at the cell periphery and the cytoplasmic vacuoles in which lipid-like vesicles assemble. these changes are usually accompanied by a marked increase in cell volume, impaired cell divisi ... | 1987 | 3027844 |
| overwhelming myocarditis due to cryptococcus neoformans in an aids patient. | 1987 | 2890037 | |
| induction of a macrophage-suppressive lymphokine by soluble cryptococcal antigens and its association with models of immunologic tolerance. | soluble extracts of cryptococcus neoformans were examined for their ability to induce a macrophage-regulatory t-suppressor cell known to appear in the spleens of mice infected with cryptococci. suppressor cells were induced by injection of extracts of encapsulated or thinly encapsulated strains of cryptococci. dose-response analysis showed that as little as 25 micrograms of soluble capsular polysaccharide antigen could induce significant suppressor cell activity, with maximum suppression occurri ... | 1987 | 2947863 |
| characterization of a third-order suppressor t cell (ts3) induced by cryptococcal antigen(s). | previous studies from our laboratory have shown that a high dose of cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (cnef) administered intravenously induces a complex suppressor cell cascade which down-regulates the cell-mediated immune response to cryptococcus neoformans antigens. the primary objective of this investigation was to determine whether a suppressor cell induced by immunization is required for efferent suppression of the cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response. our approach ... | 1987 | 2954914 |
| immunosuppression in experimental cryptococcosis in rats. induction of afferent t suppressor cells to a non-related antigen. | to demonstrate the nature of the suppressor cells elicited in rats infected with cryptococcus neoformans and immunized with human serum albumin (hsa), spleen mononuclear (spm) cells were fractionated through a nylon wool column. the adherent and non-adherent populations were collected and transferred to syngeneic rats. in all cases, the non-adherent or t-enriched cells adoptively transferred suppression to hsa, however, the suppressive effects of the non-adherent cells were never as great as tho ... | 1987 | 2955089 |
| activated neutrophils exhibit enhanced phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans opsonized with normal human serum. | we studied the effect of agents that activate neutrophils on phagocytosis of c. neoformans. the amount of cr3 on the surface of neutrophils was used as a marker for neutrophil activation. surface cr3 was estimated by flow cytometry using phycoerythrin-labelled anti-cr3 (anti-leu-15) monoclonal antibody. phagocytosis was determined by incubation of neutrophils with cryptococci that had been preincubated with normal human serum. we found that treatment of neutrophils with (i) the chemotactic pepti ... | 1987 | 2961491 |
| immunoadsorption of cryptococcus-specific suppressor t-cell factors. | in the murine cryptococcal suppressor cell circuit, two different t-cell suppressor factors, tsf1 and tsf2, have been identified which specifically suppress the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response to cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (cnef). tsf1 is produced by a first-order t suppressor (ts1) cell population and suppresses the afferent limb of the dth response, whereas tsf2 is produced by a second-order t suppressor (ts2) cell population and suppresses the efferent limb of the cryp ... | 1986 | 2936685 |
| neurological complications and concomitants of aids. | a survey of the literature of neurological manifestations associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) shows a broad disease spectrum affecting approximately one third of the patients in large hospital series. the complications include focal cerebral lesions caused by abscesses, lymphomas, leucoencephalopathy or infarcts as well as encephalitis, meningitis and myelitis. most opportunistic infections of the central nervous system presumably are caused by toxoplasma gondii, cytom ... | 1986 | 3030038 |
| cryptococcus neoformans: rapid detection in the spleen of an aids patient using dapi-fluorochrome. | 1986 | 3012330 | |
| cryptococcus neoformans: comparisons of in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of serotypes ad and bc. | thirty-nine isolates of cryptococcus neoformans, nineteen serotype ad and twenty serotype bc, were assayed for susceptibility to eight antifungal agents using an in vitro agar dilution assay. media employed were kimmig agar and yeast nitrogen base supplemented with 10% glucose. the antifungal agents used were ketoconazole, amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, nystatin, miconazole, bay n 7133, ici 153,066, and itraconazole. no clinically significant differences in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrat ... | 1986 | 3014339 |
| treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in mice with fluconazole. | fluconazole is a recently developed triazole with activity in vitro against cryptococcus neoformans, water solubility, and excellent oral absorption. we compared fluconazole in murine cryptococcosis with ketoconazole and amphotericin b. fluconazole was highly effective in suppressing cryptococcosis in mice challenged by the intravenous and intranasal routes, and was comparable with the other two drugs in its protective capacity. however, fluconazole was superior to ketoconazole and comparable wi ... | 1986 | 3019986 |
| pulmonary cytology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: an analysis of 36 cases. | the infectious pathogens and associated cellular reactions in 75 pulmonary cytological specimens obtained largely by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 36 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are described and correlated with the biopsy specimens. an opportunistic pathogen was diagnosed in 33% of cytological preparations. pneumocystis carinii was encountered most frequently; cryptococcus neoformans and cytomegalovirus were also seen. the polymorphonuclear neutrophil was the predominan ... | 1986 | 3021408 |
| modulation of bhanja virus infection in mice. | randombred (icr) and inbred (c57b1/6) 4-wk-old spf male mice were infected extraneurally with bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) and subjected to various treatments. immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (cpa) affected the course of the infection when a higher dose (10(6) suckling mouse intracerebral ld50) of the virus and 2 or 3 injections of cpa (150 mg/kg each) were given: then a part of the animals died due to viral encephalitis, whereas all the cpa-untreated infected mice survived. a dual periph ... | 1986 | 3024424 |
| encapsulation and melanin formation as indicators of virulence in cryptococcus neoformans. | acapsular (cap-) mutants of cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans that produce melanin (mel+) on diphenol media at 30 degrees c but not at 37 degrees c were found to be avirulent for mice. compared with wild-type isolates, the mutants had a lower rate of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine uptake at 37 degrees c and showed an insignificant level of phenoloxidase activity at both temperatures. to study the relationship of cap and mel phenotypes to virulence in mice, we crossed one of the mutants (cap- ... | 1986 | 3079732 |
| [a case of cryptococcal meningitis successfully treated by ketoconazole and amphotericin b combination therapy]. | 1986 | 3090171 | |
| the biochemical basis for the distinction between the two cryptococcus neoformans varieties with cgb medium. | the biochemical basis for the reaction to canavanine-glycine-bromthymol blue (cgb) agar by cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii and c. neoformans var. neoformans was investigated. all of the var. gattii isolates tested were found to utilize glycine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen and were resistant to l-canavanine. only 11% of the serotype d isolates of var. neoformans utilized glycine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, but these were all sensitive to canavanine. nineteen percen ... | 1986 | 3094288 |
| a strain of multiform cryptococcus neoformans. | 1986 | 3100152 | |
| mycobacteria and cryptococci cultured from the buffy coat of aids patients prior to symptomatology: a rationale for early therapy. | culture of the buffy coat layer of the peripheral blood of 14 aids patients demonstrated sustained mycobacteremia or fungemia: 11 with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, 2 with cryptococcus neoformans, and one with mycobacterium tuberculosis. the early detection of these agents prior to the onset of overt symptomatology of disseminated infection due to these microorganisms allowed speculations on an early phase bacteremia and the proposal of prompt inception of antimicrobial therapy while the m ... | 1986 | 3101713 |
| development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to pneumocystis carinii. | hybridoma-producing monoclonal antibodies against pneumocystis carinii were produced by the fusion of nonsecreting mouse myeloma cells (p3x63-ag8.653) with splenocytes from balb/c mice that had been immunized with partially purified preparations of p. carinii. of 227 hybridoma clones producing antibodies against p. carinii, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 12 monoclonal antibodies showing the highest reactivity in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were further characteriz ... | 1986 | 3510163 |
| macrophage-mediated fungistasis in vitro: requirements for intracellular and extracellular cytotoxicity. | macrophage cytotoxicity for cryptococcus neoformans was investigated by culturing mouse peritoneal macrophages with a thin-capsuled clone of cryptococcus under conditions permitting efficient phagocytosis. yeast replication was quantitated by electronic particle counting after detergent lysis of macrophages, and viability was determined by quantitative plate counts. under appropriate conditions, reproduction was completely inhibited; stasis began at 2 hr after addition of yeasts and lasted for 3 ... | 1986 | 3510251 |