Publications

heme coordination by staphylococcus aureus isde.	staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen and a leading cause of hospital acquired infections. because the free iron concentration in the human body is too low to support growth, s. aureus must acquire iron from host sources. heme iron is the most prevalent iron reservoir in the human body and a predominant source of iron for s. aureus. the iron-regulated surface determinant (isd) system removes heme from host heme proteins and transfers it to isde, the cognate substrate-bindin ...	2007	17666394
purification and antimicrobial activity studies of the n-terminal fragment of ubiquitin from human amniotic fluid.	a 4.3-kda antimicrobial peptide was isolated from human amniotic fluid by dialysis, ultrafiltration, and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. this peptide, which we named amniotic fluid peptide-1 (afp-1), possessed antimicrobial activity but lacked hemolytic activity. in addition, afp-1 potently inhibited the growth of a variety of bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus), filamentous fungi (botrytis cinerea, aspe ...	2007	17669700
nuclear receptor err alpha and coactivator pgc-1 beta are effectors of ifn-gamma-induced host defense.	macrophage activation by the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is a critical component of the host innate response to bacterial pathogenesis. however, the precise nature of the ifn-gamma-induced activation pathway is not known. here we show using genome-wide expression and chromatin-binding profiling that ifn-gamma induces the expression of many nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory chain machinery via activation of the nuclear receptor err alpha (estrogen-related ...	2007	17671090
[influence of chemical and physical characteristics of seashore soils in primorsky region on preservation and reproduction of listeria and yersinia].	influence of chemical and physical characteristics of two types of seashore soils (tidal marsh and maritime meadow soils) in primorsky region on reproduction of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis was studied. results of experiments proved the possibility of preservation and active reproduction of these bacteria in studied soils. characteristics of maritime meadow soil are more favorable for mentioned microorganisms than tidal march soil that located closer to the sea.	2007	17672139
[biological characteristics of listeria cultivating on the novel media for their accumulation and isolation].	biological characteristics of isolated strains of listeria cultivating on growth media developed for accumulation and isolation of these microorganisms. stability of main cultural-morphologic characteristics, pathogenic enzyme synthesis, profile of plasmid dna and specific bacteriophage lysing of listeria during their cultivation on novel media was shown.	2007	17672141
[culture media for study of biologic characteristics of listeria].	the commercial nutrient media for study of biologic properties of listeria monocytogenes were developed. the efficacy of developed media for assessing of motility and lecithinase activity of listeria during establishment of the isolated strain was shown. developed media allow clear visual registration of mobility and lecithinase activity of listeria during identification of the isolated strains thereby improving the diagnostics of listeriosis.	2007	17672142
monitoring of blood vessels and tissues by a population of monocytes with patrolling behavior.	the cellular immune response to tissue damage and infection requires the recruitment of blood leukocytes. this process is mediated through a classical multistep mechanism, which involves transient rolling on the endothelium and recognition of inflammation followed by extravasation. we have shown, by direct examination of blood monocyte functions in vivo, that a subset of monocytes patrols healthy tissues through long-range crawling on the resting endothelium. this patrolling behavior depended on ...	2007	17673663
histone modifications induced by a family of bacterial toxins.	upon infection, pathogens reprogram host gene expression. in eukaryotic cells, genetic reprogramming is induced by the concerted activation/repression of transcription factors and various histone modifications that control dna accessibility in chromatin. we report here that the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes induces a dramatic dephosphorylation of histone h3 as well as a deacetylation of histone h4 during early phases of infection. this effect is mediated by the major listerial toxin ...	2007	17675409
agr system of listeria monocytogenes egd-e: role in adherence and differential expression pattern.	in this study, we investigated the agrbdca operon in the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes egd-e. in-frame deletion of agra and agrd resulted in an altered adherence and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, suggesting the involvement of the agr system of l. monocytogenes during the early stages of biofilm formation. real-time pcr experiments indicated that the transcript levels of agrbdca depended on the stage of biofilm development, since the levels were lower after the initial atta ...	2007	17675424
sigmab-dependent and sigmab-independent mechanisms contribute to transcription of listeria monocytogenes cold stress genes during cold shock and cold growth.	the role of the stress response regulator sigma(b) (encoded by sigb) in directing the expression of selected putative and confirmed cold response genes was evaluated using listeria monocytogenes 10403s and an isogenic deltasigb mutant, which were either cold shocked at 4 degrees c in brain heart infusion (bhi) broth for up to 30 min or grown at 4 degrees c in bhi for 12 days. transcript levels of the housekeeping genes rpob and gap, the sigma(b)-dependent genes opuca and bsh, and the cold stress ...	2007	17675428
absence of serotype-specific surface antigen in laboratory variants of epidemic-associated listeria monocytogenes strains.	variants that lacked reactivity with the serotype 4b-specific monoclonal antibody c74.22 and that lost susceptibility to certain listeria- or serotype 4b-specific phages were identified in the course of genetic studies with serotype 4b listeria monocytogenes strains h7550 and f2381l (epidemic clones i and ii, respectively). our findings suggest that such variants can become inadvertently established under laboratory conditions and suggest caution in work involving serotype 4b strains and genetic ...	2007	17675434
generation of cd8 t cell memory is regulated by il-12.	various signals during infection influence cd8 t cell memory generation, but these factors have yet to be fully defined. il-12 is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been shown to enhance ifn-gamma-producing t cell responses and has been widely tested as a vaccine adjuvant. in this study, we show that il-12-deficient mice generate a weaker primary cd8 t cell response and are more susceptible to listeria monocytogenes infection, but have substantially more memory cd8 t cells and greater protectiv ...	2007	17675465
chronic immunodeficiency in mice lacking rasgrp1 results in cd4 t cell immune activation and exhaustion.	the ras-guanyl nucleotide exchange factor rasgrp1 is an important link between tcr-mediated signaling and the activation of ras and its downstream effectors. rasgrp1 is especially critical for the survival and differentiation of developing thymocytes whereas negative selection of thymocytes bearing an autoreactive tcr appears to be rasgrp1 independent. despite apparently normal central tolerance, rasgrp1(-/-) mice spontaneously acquire an acutely activated and proliferating cd4 t cell population ...	2007	17675473
a role for ifn-gamma from antigen-specific cd8+ t cells in protective immunity to listeria monocytogenes.	whether ifn-gamma contributes to the per-cell protective capacity of memory cd8(+) t cells against listeria monocytogenes (lm) has not been formally tested. in this study, we generated lm ag-specific memory cd8(+) t cells via immunization of wild-type (wt) and ifn-gamma-deficient (gamma knockout (gko)) mice with lm peptide-coated dendritic cells and compared them phenotypically and functionally. immunization of wt and gko mice resulted in memory cd8(+) t cells that were similar in number, functi ...	2007	17675507
listeria endocarditis with acute thoracoabdominal aortic dissection.	the patient was 71-year-old male under treatment at a clinic for hypertension, aortic regurgitation, alcoholic hepatitis and dental treatment. he mainly complained fever and anorexia. since blood culture examination revealed listeria monocytogenes and echocardiography exhibited vegetation at the mitral leaflet, the patient was diagnosed as infective endocarditis. fever and inflammatory reaction were improved after penicillin administration; however, he had fever on the 24th hospital day. ct reve ...	2007	17675771
[listeria monocytogenes bacteremia: analysis of 110 episodes].	over the last years, we registered an increase in the number of listeriosis cases. the aim of this study was to analyze the co-morbidity, clinical presentation and prognosis of listeria monocytogenes bacteremia episodes diagnosed over 15 years.	2007	17678604
listeriolysin o secreted by listeria monocytogenes into the host cell cytosol is degraded by the n-end rule pathway.	the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes escapes from a phagosomal compartment into the cytosol by secreting the pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin o (llo). during the proliferation of l. monocytogenes bacteria in the mammalian cell cytosol, the secreted llo is targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin system. we report here that llo is a substrate of the ubiquitin-dependent n-end rule pathway, which recognizes llo through its n-terminal lys residue. specifically, we demonstrated by r ...	2007	17682039
cdc42 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase drive rac-mediated actin polymerization downstream of c-met in distinct and common pathways.	activation of c-met, the hepatocyte growth factor (hgf)/scatter factor receptor induces reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which drives epithelial cell scattering and motility and is exploited by pathogenic listeria monocytogenes to invade nonepithelial cells. however, the precise contributions of distinct rho-gtpases, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, and actin assembly regulators to c-met-mediated actin reorganization are still elusive. here we report that hgf-induced membrane rufflin ...	2007	17682062
multiplex pcr for the identification and serotyping of l. monocytogenes isolated from sheep cheese-processing plants.		2007	17682914
hygienic evaluation of marinated sea bass and challenge test for listeria monocytogenes.		2007	17682916
prevalence and characterisation of populations of listeria monocytogenes during sausage ripening.		2007	17682918
variable adhesion of listeria monocytogenes isolates from food-processing facilities and clinical cases to inert surfaces.	one hundred one strains of listeria monocytogenes isolated from seafood and cheese industry samples and from patients with listeriosis were assessed using a microtiter plate method for adhesion to polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces. the adhesion rate for these strains ranged from 3.10 to 35.29% with an inoculum of 8 x 10(8) cells per well. a strong correlation was found between adhesion to polystyrene and stainless steel microtiter plates, indicating that the intrinsic ability of l. monocy ...	2007	17685327
inactivation of listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters by monocaprylin alone or in combination with acetic acid.	the antilisterial activity of monocaprylin (mc) and its combination with acetic acid (aa) on frankfurters was investigated. each frankfurter was surface inoculated with a three-strain mixture of listeria monocytogenes to obtain an inoculation level of 4.0 log cfu per frankfurter, and then dipped for 35 s in sterile deionized water (45 or 50 degrees c) containing 1% ethanol (control), 50 mm mc plus 1% ethanol, 1% aa plus 1% ethanol, or 50 mm mc plus 1% aa plus 1% ethanol. samples were vacuum pack ...	2007	17685330
could modifications of processing parameters enhance the growth and selection of lactic acid bacteria in cold-smoked salmon to improve preservation by natural means?	several smoking conditions were examined with the objective of enhancing the numbers of lactic acid bacteria (lab) by natural means in vacuum-packaged cold-smoked salmon during 21 days of storage at 5 degrees c. three combinations of salting, drying, and smoking were used: (i) dry salting x time of salting (2 or 6 h); (ii) wet salting (6 h) x dry salting (6 h) x with or without sugar; and (iii) wet salting (6 h) x dry salting (6 h) x different times of smoking (2 or 6 h of drying and 2 or 6 h of ...	2007	17685332
real-time pcr detection of 16s rrna genes speeds most-probable-number enumeration of foodborne listeria monocytogenes.	quantifying foodborne pathogens at concentrations of 0.1 to 1,000 cfu/g of food generally involves most-probable-number (mpn) enumeration, which takes at least 4 days. a real-time pcr assay (rti-pcr) was developed to accelerate mpn enumeration of foodborne listeria monocytogenes. foods were spiked from 70 to 110 cfu/g, and triplicate subportions from 0.0001 to 1 g were selectively enriched for 48 h at 30 degrees c. for standard mpn enumeration, the enrichments were subcultured on oxford agar (48 ...	2007	17685338
a novel multiplex pcr assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of five pathogenic bacteria: escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and vibrio parahaemolyticus.	rapid and sensitive detection techniques for foodborne pathogens are important to the food industry. however, traditional detection methods rely on bacterial culture in combination with biochemical tests, a process that typically takes 4 to 7 days to complete. thus, this study was conducted to address the issue of time lag inherent in traditional methods by developing a novel pcr assay for each of five foodborne pathogenic bacteria. this new system consists of a simultaneous screening method usi ...	2007	17685339
microbiological characterization of randomly selected portuguese raw milk cheeses with reference to food safety.	seventy raw milk cheeses made in different regions of portugal, both hard and soft varieties, made with cow's, ewe's, or goat's milk or combinations of these, were sampled within their quoted shelf lives for microbiological safety. on the basis of the presence or numbers of escherichia coli, e. coli o157, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes, cheeses were categorized as satisfactory, acceptable, unsatisfactory, or unacceptable and potentially hazardous. twenty-two of the ...	2007	17685347
nad kinases use substrate-assisted catalysis for specific recognition of nad.	here we describe the crystal structures of the nad kinase (lmnadk1) from listeria monocytogenes in complex with its substrate nad, its product nadp, or two synthesized nad mimics. we identified one of the nad mimics, di-adenosine diphosphate, as a new substrate for lmnadk1, whereas we showed that the closely related compound di-5'-thioadenosine is a novel non-natural inhibitor for this enzyme. these structures suggest a mechanism involving substrate-assisted catalysis. indeed, sequence/structure ...	2007	17686780
sequencing and expression analysis of sakacin genes in lactobacillus curvatus strains.	in this study, we focused our investigation on two strains of lactobacillus curvatus, l442 and lth1174, which are able to produce bacteriocins. l. curvatus lth1174 is widely studied for its capability to produce curvacin a, while l. curvatus l442 was isolated from traditional greek fermented sausages and was shown to possess a strong inhibitory activity toward listeria monocytogenes. by polymerase chain reaction, we were able to target in both strains the genes for the production of sakacin p an ...	2007	17690878
explaining unexplained diarrhea and associating risks and infections.	gastrointestinal illnesses are common afflictions. however, knowledge of their etiology is often lacking. moreover, most cases of infections with reportable enteric pathogens (campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, cryptosporidia and giardia) have sporadic modes of acquisition, yet control measures are often biased towards mitigation of risks discerned by outbreak analysis. to determine the etiology of unexplained diarrhea it is important to study populat ...	2007	17692144
multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of bacteria of the genus listeria, listeria monocytogenes, and major serotypes and epidemic clones of l. monocytogenes.	a multiplex pcr assay which combines detection of bacteria of the genus listeria, listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 4b, and epidemic clones i, ii, and iii of l. monocytogenes was developed. the assay provides a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive method for screening and subgrouping this important food-borne pathogen.	2007	17693562
carnobacterium: positive and negative effects in the environment and in foods.	the genus carnobacterium contains nine species, but only c. divergens and c. maltaromaticum are frequently isolated from natural environments and foods. they are tolerant to freezing/thawing and high pressure and able to grow at low temperatures, anaerobically and with increased co(2) concentrations. they metabolize arginine and various carbohydrates, including chitin, and this may improve their survival in the environment. carnobacterium divergens and c. maltaromaticum have been extensively stu ...	2007	17696886
regional ifngamma expression is insufficient for efficacious control of food-borne bacterial pathogens at the gut epithelial barrier.	ifngamma is critical for host defence against various food-borne pathogens including salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes, the causative agents of salmonellosis and listeriosis, respectively. we investigated the impact of regional ifngamma expression at the intestinal epithelial barrier on host invasion by salmonellae and listeriae following oral challenge. transgenic mice (ifngamma-gut), generated on an ifngamma knock-out (ko) background, selectively expressed ifngamma in the gut driv ...	2007	17698562
memory cd8+ t cells mediate antibacterial immunity via ccl3 activation of tnf/roi+ phagocytes.	cytolysis, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha secretion are major effector mechanisms of memory cd8+ t cells that are believed to be required for immunological protection in vivo. by using mutants of the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes, we found that none of these effector activities is sufficient to protect against secondary infection with wild-type (wt) bacteria. we demonstrated that ccl3 derived from reactivated memory cd8+ t cells is required for efficient ...	2007	17698589
characterization of the osmoprotectant transporter opuc from pseudomonas syringae and demonstration that cystathionine-beta-synthase domains are required for its osmoregulatory function.	the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae may cope with osmotic stress on plants, in part, by importing osmoprotective compounds. in this study, we found that p. syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 was distinct from most bacterial species in deriving greater osmoprotection from exogenous choline than from glycine betaine. this superior osmoprotection was correlated with a higher capacity for uptake of choline than for uptake of glycine betaine. of four putative osmoregulatory abc transporters in dc3 ...	2007	17660277
recombination and positive selection contribute to evolution of listeria monocytogenes inla.	the surface molecule inla interacts with e-cadherin to promote invasion of listeria monocytogenes into selected host cells. dna sequencing of inla for 40 l. monocytogenes isolates revealed 107 synonymous and 45 nonsynonymous substitutions. a frameshift mutation in a homopolymeric tract encoding part of the inla signal peptide was identified in three lineage ii isolates, which also showed reduced ability to invade human intestinal epithelial cells. phylogenies showed clear separation of inla sequ ...	2007	17660431
a synthetic polypeptide based on human e-cadherin inhibits invasion of human intestinal and liver cell lines by listeria monocytogenes.	internalin a is a surface protein of the facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes that interacts with the human host cell protein e-cadherin to facilitate invasion of epithelial cells. a single amino acid substitution at position 16 in mouse e-cadherin prevents this interaction. synthetic polypeptides of 30 aa encompassing position 16 of human and mouse e-cadherin were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro invasion of caco-2, hepg2 and tib73 cell lines by l. monocytogenes ...	2007	17644706
clinical features of liver involvement in adult patients with listeriosis. review of the literature.	clinical features of liver involvement due to listeria monocytogenes infection in adults are rarely reported in literature. this is surprising, regarding the current opinion that the portal system is extensively involved in the first stages of pathogenesis in invasive l. monocytogenes disease. a literature search in the pubmed and embase database revealed 34 cases with clinical features of hepatic involvement due to listeriosis. we systematically analyzed all case reports with respect to clinica ...	2007	17646920
a new device for rapid evaluation of biofilm formation potential by bacteria.	this work describes the implementation of a new assay named the biofilm ring test to evaluate the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. this assay is based on the immobilisation (or not) of magnetic beads embedded by bacterial aggregates or mats (patented concept). it is realised on modified polystyrene 96-wells microtiter plates with individual 8-wells slides. the kinetic of biofilm formation of four bacterial species, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, staphylococcus carnosus and staphy ...	2007	17218029
the presence of the internalin gene in natural atypically hemolytic listeria innocua strains suggests descent from l. monocytogenes.	the atypical hemolytic listeria innocua strains prl/nw 15b95 and j1-023 were previously shown to contain gene clusters analogous to the pathogenicity island (lipi-1) present in the related foodborne gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes, which causes listeriosis. lipi-1 includes the hemolysin gene, thus explaining the hemolytic activity of the atypical l. innocua strains. no other l. monocytogenes-specific virulence genes were found to be present. in order to in ...	2007	17220266
daptomycin susceptibility of unusual gram-positive bacteria: comparison of results obtained by the etest and the broth microdilution method.	mics of daptomycin, linezolid, and vancomycin against 212 isolates, including listeria monocytogenes and pediococcus, leuconostoc, rhodococcus, and nocardia spp., were determined by the broth microdilution method; daptomycin mics were also determined by the etest. except with those for leuconostoc spp., daptomycin etest mics showed >90% agreement with mics obtained by the broth microdilution method.	2007	17220420
differential function of listeria monocytogenes listeriolysin o and phospholipases c in vacuolar dissolution following cell-to-cell spread.	we investigated the role of listeriolysin o (llo) and the bacterial phospholipases pi-plc and pc-plc in cell-to-cell spread of listeria monocytogenes. we showed that llo is essential for cell-to-cell spread in primary murine macrophages. electron micrographs revealed that in the absence of continued llo expression, bacteria remain trapped in secondary spreading vacuoles having either a double or single membrane. in bacteria lacking pi-plc and pc-plc, cessation of llo expression after initiation ...	2007	17222191
immunohistochemical study of the reticular and vascular network of mouse lymph node using vibratome sections.	the function of lymph nodes is greatly influenced by their unique microanatomy, in which distinct subpopulations of cells are compartmentalized by a meshwork of reticular cells and fibres, specialized blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. using antibodies against extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins (fibronectin, collagen iv and laminin), proteoglycan (perlecan), and a fibroblastic marker (ertr-7), the distribution and molecular organization of the system of reticular fibres was investigated by ...	2007	17224179
flagellar motility is critical for listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation.	the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes attaches to environmental surfaces and forms biofilms that can be a source of food contamination, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its biofilm development. we observed that nonmotile mutants were defective in biofilm formation. to investigate how flagella might function during biofilm formation, we compared the wild type with flagellum-minus and paralyzed-flagellum mutants. both nonmotile mutants were defective in biofilm develo ...	2007	17416647
identification of the sigmab regulon of bacillus cereus and conservation of sigmab-regulated genes in low-gc-content gram-positive bacteria.	the alternative sigma factor sigma(b) has an important role in the acquisition of stress resistance in many gram-positive bacteria, including the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus. here, we describe the identification of the set of sigma(b)-regulated genes in b. cereus by dna microarray analysis of the transcriptome upon a mild heat shock. twenty-four genes could be identified as being sigma(b) dependent as witnessed by (i) significantly lower expression levels of these genes in mutants with a ...	2007	17416654
entry of the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes into mammalian cells.	the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes causes food-borne illnesses leading to meningitis or abortion. listeria provokes its internalization ('entry') into mammalian cells that are normally non-phagocytic, such as intestinal epithelial cells and hepatocytes. entry provides access to a nutrient-rich cytosol and allows translocation across anatomical barriers. here i discuss the two major internalization pathways used by listeria. these pathways are initiated by binding of the bacterial surf ...	2007	17419717
the multiple mechanisms of ca2+ signalling by listeriolysin o, the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin of listeria monocytogenes.	cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) represent a large family of conserved pore-forming toxins produced by several gram-positive bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes, streptococcus pyrogenes and bacillus anthracis. these toxins trigger a broad range of cellular responses that greatly influence pathogenesis. using mast cells, we demonstrate that listeriolysin o (llo), a prototype of cdcs produced by l. monocytogenes, triggers cellular responses such as degranulation and cytokine synthesis i ...	2007	17419718
jinx, an mcmv susceptibility phenotype caused by disruption of unc13d: a mouse model of type 3 familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.	mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) susceptibility often results from defects of natural killer (nk) cell function. here we describe jinx, an n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea-induced mcmv susceptibility mutation that permits unchecked proliferation of the virus, causing death. in jinx homozygotes, activated nk cells and cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) fail to degranulate, although they retain the ability to produce cytokines, and cytokine levels are markedly elevated in the blood of infected mutant mice. jinx was ...	2007	17420270
neonatal listeriosis.	in western developed countries, listeria monocytogenesis not an uncommon pathogen in neonates. however, neonatal listeriosis has rarely been reported in taiwan. we describe two cases collected from a single medical institute between 1990 and 2005. case 1 was a male premature baby weighing 1558 g with a gestational age of 31 weeks whose mother had fever with chills 3 days prior to delivery. generalized maculopapular rash was found after delivery and subtle seizure developed. both blood and cerebr ...	2007	17339161
induction of protective immunity to listeria monocytogenes in neonates.	neonates suffer unduly from infections and also respond suboptimally to most commonly used vaccines. however, a cd8 t cell response can be elicited in neonates if the ag is introduced into the cytoplasm of apcs. listeria monocytogenes (lm) targets the cytoplasm of apc and is a strong cd8 and cd4 th1-promoting vaccine vehicle in adult mice. we hypothesized that an attenuated strain of lm would be safe and induce long-lasting protective immunity, even in neonates. we found that neonatal mice immun ...	2007	17339467
effects of heat-degraded sugars on survival and growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other bacteria.	we studied the effects of autoclaved (121 degrees c, 15 min) sugar solutions on the survival and growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other bacteria. the growth and survival of v. parahaemolyticus in luria-bertani media and phosphate buffer, respectively, were inhibited by the addition of d-glucose autoclaved in ph 8.0 phosphate buffer. the bactericidal effect of autoclaved d-glucose was very small when autoclaved in ph 7.0 phosphate buffer, but larger effects were observed when autoclaved in t ...	2007	17340871
fate of listeria monocytogenes in commercial ham, formulated with or without antimicrobials, under conditions simulating contamination in the processing or retail environment and during home storage.	commercial cured ham formulated with or without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate was inoculated with listeria monocytogenes and stored to simulate conditions of processing, retail, and home storage. the ham was sliced, inoculated with a 10-strain composite of l. monocytogenes (1 to 2 log cfu/cm2), vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 degrees c to simulate contamination following lethality treatment at processing (first shelf life). after 10, 20, 35, and 60 days of storage, packages were opened ...	2007	17340872
effect of inhibitory liquid smoke fractions on listeria monocytogenes during long-term storage of frankfurters.	listeria monocytogenes is a potential health hazard that sometimes finds harborage in facilities that manufacture ready-to-eat meats, including frankfurters. our objectives were to examine the effect of select liquid smoke extracts on control of l. monocytogenes on frankfurters. frankfurters were either obtained locally at retail (containing lactate-diacetate) or manufactured for us in-house or by a local processor (without added lactate-diacetate). in challenge studies of retail franks containi ...	2007	17340873
use of octanoic acid as a postlethality treatment to reduce listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.	the antilisterial efficacy and organoleptic impact of an octanoic acid (oa)-based treatment for ready-to-eat (rte) meat and poultry products were investigated. whole-muscle and comminuted rte products were inoculated with a five-strain mixture of listeria monocytogenes. the oa treatments were applied to the surface of rte products by dispensing a specific volume of solution directly into the final package prior to vacuum sealing. once sealed, the vacuum-packaged rte products containing oa were i ...	2007	17340874
influence of salt, smoke, and high pressure on growth of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage microflora in cold-smoked dolphinfish (coryphaena hippurus).	the effects of different salting and smoking conditions on the growth of listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked dolphinfish (coryphaena hippurus) fillets were evaluated. high concentrations of phenol (72.47 ppm) and salt (3.25%) in muscle inhibited l. monocytogenes growth in smoked fish stored at 20 degrees c for 4 days. the antibacterial effect of high pressure in cold-smoked dolphinfish during long-term chilled (5 degrees c) storage was evaluated in fillets prepared according to two different s ...	2007	17340875
listeria monocytogenes f2365 carries several authentic mutations potentially leading to truncated gene products, including inlb, and demonstrates atypical phenotypic characteristics.	searches of the genome annotation of listeria monocytogenes f2365, an isolate from the 1985 listeriosis epidemic in california, showed that this strain carries 20 authentic mutations resulting in premature stop codons, including a nonsense mutation in inlb. here we showed that l. monocytogenes f2365 demonstrates atypical virulence-associated characteristics, including significantly (p < 0.05) reduced invasion efficiency in caco-2 cells as compared with a closely related lineage i serotype 4b str ...	2007	17340887
bacteria-eating virus approved as food additive.	not all viruses harm people. the food and drug administration has approved a mixture of viruses as a food additive to protect people. the additive can be used in processing plants for spraying onto ready-to-eat meat and poultry products to protect consumers from the potentially life-threatening bacterium listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes).	2007	17342833
localization of protein kinase c epsilon to macrophage vacuoles perforated by listeria monocytogenes cytolysin.	three proteins secreted by listeria monocytogenes facilitate escape from macrophage vacuoles: the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin listeriolysin o (llo), a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) and a broad-range phospholipase c (pc-plc). llo and pi-plc can activate several members of the protein kinase c (pkc) family during infection. pkcepsilon is a novel pkc that contributes to macrophage activation, defence against bacterial infection, and phagocytosis; however, a role for pkcepsi ...	2007	17346313
improved luciferase tagging system for listeria monocytogenes allows real-time monitoring in vivo and in vitro.	an improved system for luciferase tagging listeria monocytogenes was developed by constructing a highly active, constitutive promoter. this construct gave 100-fold-higher activity in broth than any native promoter tested and allowed for imaging of lux-tagged l. monocytogenes in food products, during murine infections, and in tumor targeting studies.	2007	17351089
effect of a previous heat shock on the thermal resistance of listeria monocytogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa at different phs.	in this work we study the effect of heat shocks of various durations up to 60 min, at different temperatures between 35 and 45 degrees c, in media of ph 4.0, 5.5 and 7.4 on the heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the pattern of survival curves after heat treatment did not change with the application of a previous heat shock. however, the kinetics of inactivation was different for the two microorganisms studied. whereas the inactivation of l. monocytogenes was si ...	2007	17355896
3,4-dichloropropionaniline suppresses normal macrophage function.	macrophages are a critical part of the innate immune response and natural surveillance mechanisms. as such, proper macrophage function is crucial for engulfing bacterial pathogens through phagocytosis and destroying them by generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns). the production of a number of cytokines by macrophages, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin (il)-1beta, and il-6, plays an important role in the initiation of the acquire ...	2007	17355946
sterol and ph interdependence in the binding, oligomerization, and pore formation of listeriolysin o.	listeriolysin o (llo) is the most important virulence factor of the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. its main task is to enable escape of bacteria from the phagosomal vacuole into the cytoplasm. llo belongs to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc) family but differs from other members, as it exhibits optimal activity at low ph. its pore forming ability at higher ph values has been largely disregarded in listeria pathogenesis. here we show that high cholesterol concentrations in ...	2007	17358050
interactions between the environmental pathogen listeria monocytogenes and a free-living protozoan (acanthamoeba castellanii).	listeria monocytogenes can cause severe disease in animal hosts, but it has no recognized animal host reservoir. we tested the hypothesis that l. monocytogenes retains virulence traits to survive predation by amoebae and that listeriolysin o plays a crucial role in this process. co-culturing of l. monocytogenes and acanthamoeba castellanii demonstrated that l. monocytogenes does not actively kill amoebae, but in the presence of amoebae, high bacterial population densities can be maintained over ...	2007	17359263
survey on the listeria contamination of ready-to-eat food products and household environments in vienna, austria.	qualitative and quantitative contamination of ready-to-eat food-stuffs with the pathogen listeria monocytogenes was studied in 1586 samples collected from 103 supermarkets (n = 946) and 61 households (n = 640) in vienna, austria. seventeen groups of ready-to-eat foods were classified into three risk categories for contamination (cp1-cp3). three to four samples were randomly collected at the retail level from each cp. regarding the households, the sampling procedure was started with food items of ...	2007	17359442
an evaluation of the neonatal immune system using a listeria infection model.	t helper 1 (th1)/t helper 2 (th2)-biased cytokine regulation may be another reason that neonates are much more susceptible to infectious disease than are adults.	2007	17361091
modeling individual cell lag time distributions for listeria monocytogenes.	the food industry faces two paradoxical demands: on the one hand, foods need to be microbiologically safe for consumption and on the other hand, consumers want fresh, minimally processed foods. to meet these demands, more insight into the mechanisms of microbial growth is needed, which includes, among others, the microbial lag phase. this is the time needed by bacterial cells to adapt to a new environment (for example, after food product contamination) before starting an exponential growth regim ...	2007	17362412
behavior of listeria monocytogenes at 7 degrees c in commercial turkey breast, with or without antimicrobials, after simulated contamination for manufacturing, retail and consumer settings.	uncured turkey breast, commercially available with or without a mixture of potassium lactate and sodium diacetate, was sliced, inoculated with a 10-strain composite of listeria monocytogenes, vacuum-packaged, and stored at 4 degrees c, to simulate contamination after a lethal processing step at the plant. at 5, 15, 25 and 50 days of storage, packages were opened, slices were tested, and bags with remaining slices were reclosed with rubber bands; this simulated home use of plant-sliced and -packa ...	2007	17367676
growth characteristics of listeria monocytogenes, listeria welshimeri and listeria innocua strains in broth cultures and a sliced bologna-type product at 4 and 7 degrees c.	the growth characteristics of meat processing plant-derived field strains of listeria monocytogenes, l. welshimeri and l. innocua were analyzed. the strains were inoculated in bhi broth cultures and incubated at 4 and 7 degrees c. growth curves were determined by colony counting for 28 days. significant variations were detected in the growth properties of these field-derived strains. in particular some of the l. monocytogenes strains displayed better cold stress tolerance. these discrepancies in ...	2007	17367677
product unit neural network models for predicting the growth limits of listeria monocytogenes.	a new approach to predict the growth/no growth interface of listeria monocytogenes as a function of storage temperature, ph, citric acid (ca) and ascorbic acid (aa) is presented. a linear logistic regression procedure was performed and a non-linear model was obtained by adding new variables by means of a neural network model based on product units (punn). the classification efficiency of the training data set and the generalization data of the new logistic regression punn model (lrpu) were compa ...	2007	17367678
major role of levofloxacin in the treatment of a case of listeria monocytogenes meningitis.	we report a case of acute bacterial meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes whose successful treatment was mainly attributable to high-dose levofloxacin therapy (500 mg iv bid). this supports the hypothesis that levofloxacin may be an effective option for the treatment of listerial meningitis.	2007	17368798
biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phage type dt104 and other pathogens.	the biofilm-forming capability of salmonella enterica serotypes typhimurium and heidelberg, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, klebsiella pneumoniae, and acinetobacter baumannii isolated from humans, animal farms, and retail meat products was evaluated by using a microplate assay. the tested bacterial species showed interstrain variation in their capabilities to form biofilms. strong biofilm-forming strains of s. enterica serotypes, e. coli o157: h7, p. aer ...	2007	17265855
recovery of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium bovis from cheese entering the united states through a noncommercial land port of entry.	a joint multiagency project was initiated in response to a salmonella outbreak in san diego county, california, in 2004. samples of cheese were collected during four 1-day operations at the san ysidro port of entry, along the united states-mexico border. surveyed participants were persons crossing the border as pedestrians or in vehicles who had a minimum of 2.27 kg of cheese, which may suggest a potential diversion to illegal marketing. in addition, data were collected about the cheese to ident ...	2007	17265859
rapid enrichment strategy for isolation of listeria from bovine hide, carcass, and meat samples.	since the outbreak of foodborne illness linked to escherichia coli o157:h7 bacteria in ground beef in the early 1980s, the beef processing industry has focused on increasing the safety of beef products by implementing procedures for surveying live cattle, carcasses, and beef products for bacterial pathogens. effective methods are in place for screening cattle and beef products for the presence of e. coli o157:h7 contamination, and recent work has established the acceptability of these methods fo ...	2007	17265860
protein variations in listeria monocytogenes exposed to sodium lactate, sodium diacetate, and their combination.	most studies of the effect of adverse conditions on survival of listeria monocytogenes have focused on stress caused by acid or sodium chloride. however, no information is available on resistance of this pathogen to stress caused by salts of organic acids. sodium lactate and sodium diacetate are generally recognized as safe substances and are approved as ingredients for use in foods. we evaluated antilisterial properties of each of these salts and the enhanced inhibition effected by their combin ...	2007	17265861
effect of acid adaptation on growth during storage at 10 degrees c and resistance to simulated gastric fluid of listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto bologna formulated with or without antimicrobials.	the fate of acid-adapted and nonadapted listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto bologna slices (formulated with or without antimicrobials) was examined during storage and after exposure to in vitro gastric challenge. bologna slices formulated with no antimicrobials (control), 3% sodium lactate (sl), or 1.8% sl plus 0.25% sodium diacetate (sd) were inoculated (2 log cfu/cm2) with a 10-strain composite of acid-adapted or nonadapted l. monocytogenes strains. growth or survival of the two inocula on ...	2007	17265862
modeling and predicting the growth boundary of listeria monocytogenes in lightly preserved seafood.	the antimicrobial effect of diacetate and lactate against listeria monocytogenes was evaluated in challenge tests with vacuum-packaged or modified atmosphere packaged (map) cold-smoked salmon, marinated salmon, cold-smoked greenland halibut, marinated greenland halibut, and gravad salmon. map cold-smoked salmon with the addition of 0.15% (wt/wt) diacetate prevented the growth of l. monocytogenes for more than 40 days at 8 degrees c, whereas the addition of 0.15% (wt/wt) diacetate reduced the gro ...	2007	17265863
efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water to inactivate escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus on plastic and wooden kitchen cutting boards.	this study evaluated the efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (new; 64.1 mg/liter of active chlorine) to reduce populations of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes on plastic and wooden kitchen cutting boards. its effectiveness was compared with that of a sodium hypochlorite solution (naclo; 62.3 mg/liter of active chlorine). inoculated portions of cutting boards were rinsed in either new or naclo solutions, or deionized water (control). p ...	2007	17265867
adhesive and chemokine stimulatory properties of potentially probiotic lactobacillus strains.	five lactobacillus plantarum strains and two lactobacillus johnsonii strains, stemming either from african traditionally fermented milk products or children's feces, were investigated for probiotic properties in vitro. the relationship between the hydrophobic-hydrophilic cell surface and adhesion ability to ht29 intestinal epithelial cells was investigated, and results indicated that especially the l. johnsonii strains, which exhibited both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface characteristics, ad ...	2007	17265871
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes in turkey and pork-beef bologna by combinations of sorbate, benzoate, and propionate.	the control of listeria monocytogenes was evaluated with ready-to-eat uncured turkey and cured pork-beef bologna with combinations of benzoate, propionate, and sorbate. three treatments of each product type were formulated to include control with no antimycotic agents; a combination of 0.05% sodium benzoate and 0.05% sodium propionate; and a combination of 0.05% sodium benzoate and 0.05% potassium sorbate. ingredients were mixed, stuffed into fibrous, moisture-impermeable casings, cooked to an i ...	2007	17265884
heat shock protein gp96 is a master chaperone for toll-like receptors and is important in the innate function of macrophages.	gp96 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone for cell-surface toll-like receptors (tlrs). little is known about its roles in chaperoning other tlrs or in the biology of macrophage in vivo. we generated a macrophage-specific gp96-deficient mouse. despite normal development and activation by interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta, the mutant macrophages failed to respond to ligands of both cell-surface and intracellular tlrs including tlr2, tlr4, tlr5, tlr7, and tlr9. f ...	2007	17275357
imatinib mesylate inhibits antigen-specific memory cd8 t cell responses in vivo.	imatinib mesylate (im) is effective at inducing complete cytogenetic remission in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. because its influence on cd8 t cell responsiveness in vivo is unknown, we investigated the effects of im by analyzing the response of ot-1 cd8 t cells to listeria monocytogenes (lm) that express the cognate epitope ova(257-264) (lm-ova). in vitro, im had no effect on ag-specific expansion, cell division, cell cycle progression, or ifn-gamma expression in naive or memory o ...	2007	17277106
regulation of cd8+ t lymphocyte effector function and macrophage inflammatory cytokine production by retinoic acid receptor gamma.	vitamin a and its derivatives regulate a broad array of immune functions. the effects of these retinoids are mediated through members of retinoic acid receptors (rars) and retinoid x receptors. however, the role of individual retinoid receptors in the pleiotropic effects of retinoids remains unclear. to dissect the role of these receptors in the immune system, we analyzed immune cell development and function in mice conditionally lacking rargamma, the third member of the rar family. we show that ...	2007	17277115
rapid clonal expansion and prolonged maintenance of memory cd8+ t cells of the effector (cd44highcd62llow) and central (cd44highcd62lhigh) phenotype by an archaeosome adjuvant independent of tlr2.	vaccines capable of eliciting long-term t cell immunity are required for combating many diseases. live vectors can be unsafe whereas subunit vaccines often lack potency. we previously reported induction of cd8(+) t cells to ag entrapped in archaeal glycerolipid vesicles (archaeosomes). in this study, we evaluated the priming, phenotype, and functionality of the cd8(+) t cells induced after immunization of mice with ova-methanobrevibacter smithii archaeosomes (ms-ova). a single injection of ms-ov ...	2007	17277146
expression of the p60 autolysin enhances nk cell activation and is required for listeria monocytogenes expansion in ifn-gamma-responsive mice.	both peptidoglycan and muropeptides potently modulate inflammatory and innate immune responses. the secreted listeria monocytogenes p60 autolysin digests peptidoglycan and promotes bacterial infection in vivo. here, we report that p60 contributes to bacterial subversion of nk cell activation and innate ifn-gamma production. l. monocytogenes deficient for p60 (deltap60) competed well for expansion in mice doubly deficient for ifnar1 and ifn-gammar1 or singly deficient for ifn-gammar1, but not in ...	2007	17277147
use of high-affinity cell wall-binding domains of bacteriophage endolysins for immobilization and separation of bacterial cells.	immobilization and magnetic separation for specific enrichment of microbial cells, such as the pathogen listeria monocytogenes, depends on the availability of suitable affinity molecules. we report here a novel concept for the immobilization and separation of bacterial cells by replacing antibodies with cell wall-binding domains (cbds) of bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases (endolysins). these polypeptide modules very specifically recognize and bind to ligands on the gram-positive cel ...	2007	17277212
community-acquired listeria monocytogenes meningitis in adults.		2007	17278080
immunostimulatory rna is a potent inducer of antigen-specific cytotoxic and humoral immune response in vivo.	single-stranded rna stimulates immune cells and induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type i ifn. as adjuvant rna can induce a t(h)2 type of humoral response, however, its potency in the induction of cytotoxic t cells in vivo has not been analyzed. here we show that immunization with the antigen ovalbumin (ova) and the adjuvant phosphodiester rna complexed to the cationic lipid n-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n-trimethylammonium methylsulfate (dotap) induced a toll-like recep ...	2007	17289655
[determination of the minimum enrichment time for the qualitative detection of listeria monocytogenes in minced pork meat using multiplex-pcr, microarray and elisa].	a qualitative detection of listeria monocytogenes was performed in spiked minced pork meat using elisa, multiplex-pcr, microarray and cultural reference method. minced pork meat in batches of 10 or 25 g was spiked with 25 cfu listeria monocytogenes per gram and incubated in selective enrichment solutions. during enrichment samples were collected continiously and a listeria monocytogenes-elisa, a multiplex-pcr with electrophoretical detection (listeria duplex) and a pcr with detection by microarr ...	2007	17290946
priming of cd8+ t cell responses by pathogens typically depends on cd70-mediated interactions with dendritic cells.	the cd27/cd70-interaction has been shown to provide a costimulatory and survival signal for t cells in vitro and in vivo. recently, cd70 expression by dc was found to be important for the priming of cd8+ t cells. we show here that blocking cd70 interactions has a significant impact on priming of cd8+ t cell responses by vaccinia virus (vv), listeria monocytogenes and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in mice. however, the priming of specific cd8+ t cells upon infection with lymphocytic choriomeni ...	2007	17295392
characterization of rela and cody mutants of listeria monocytogenes: identification of the cody regulon and its role in virulence.	listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive intracellular parasite and the causative organism of human listeriosis. in this article we demonstrate that l. monocytogenes encodes a functional member of the cody family of global regulatory proteins that is responsive to both gtp and branched chain amino acids. by transcript analyses we identified the cody regulon in l. monocytogenes and demonstrated that it comprises genes involved in amino acid metabolism, nitrogen assimilation as well as genes invo ...	2007	17302820
[bacterial meningitis in denmark 2002-2003. a nation-wide laboratory-based registration].	notification of bacterial meningitis (bm) is likely to be incomplete, and a recent danish study indicated that unbalanced notification may bias expected aetiology of bm. therefore the danish bacterial meningitis group initiated a national registration of culture-positive bm.	2007	17303030
identification and molecular characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated in raw milk in the region of algiers (algeria).	listeria monocytogenes was isolated from raw milk, whey and curdled milk produced and collected in the region of algiers and blida between september 2003 and july 2004. four out of 153 (2.61%) farm milk samples and 6 out of 80 (7.50%) tankers' samples tested positive for l. monocytogenes. all samples of whey and curdled milk (n=12) tested negative for l. monocytogenes, but 2 of 22 (9%) samples of whey were contaminated by l. innocua. l. monocytogenes isolates were grouped by a multiplex pcr assa ...	2007	17303276
investigation of the mechanism of binding between internalin b and heparin using surface plasmon resonance.	listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen that infects immunocompromised patients, enters and proliferates within mammalian cells by taking advantage of host cell machinery. while entry into macrophages and other phagocytic cells occurs constitutively, intracellular invasion of nonphagocytic cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells, occurs through induced phagocytosis. invasion of these nonphagocytic cell types is under the control of the secreted l. monocytogenes protein internalin b ...	2007	17305366
application of single strand conformation polymorphism --pcr method for distinguishing cheese bacterial communities that inhibit listeria monocytogenes.	the aim of this study was to compare the microbial communities of different cheeses where listeria monocytogenes either grew or did not grow. for this purpose, (i) isolates from the most inhibitory cheese ecosystem were identified and their ability to produce anti-listeria substances was determined, (ii) bacterial communities of cheeses with and without l. monocytogenes growth were compared using the single strand conformation polymorphism method. the study showed sscp to be an effective tool fo ...	2007	17306399
modelling the bacterial survival/death interface induced by high pressure processing.	the survival/death interface model was developed for prediction of inactivation of listeria monocytogenes by high pressure processing (hpp). the model was derived from data sets comprising 360 combinations of environmental factors such as pressure (200, 300 400, and 500 mpa), pressure-holding time (1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 min), ph (3, 4, 5, 6, 7), and inoculum level (3, 5, 7 log(10) cfu/ml). the determination of survival/death of l. monocytogenes after hpp was confirmed by the presence/absence of co ...	2007	17307266
a mariner-based transposition system for listeria monocytogenes.	in this study, we developed a new mariner-based transposition system for listeria monocytogenes. the mariner-based system has a high rate of transposition and a low rate of plasmid retention, and transposition is very random, making it an ideal tool for high-throughput transposon mutagenesis in l. monocytogenes.	2007	17308180
the synergistic effect of nisin and lactoferrin on the inhibition of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7.	the goal of this study was to determine whether nisin and lactoferrin would act synergistically to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7.	2007	17309501
effectiveness of cell-adsorbed bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus cwbi-b28 and selected essential oils to control listeria monocytogenes in pork meat during cold storage.	to study the effectiveness of a combination of cell-adsorbed bacteriocin (cab; a suspension of producer cells on which maximum bacteriocin has been immobilized by ph adjustments) of a lactobacillus curvatus strain with oregano or savory essential oil to control listeria monocytogenes in pork meat at 4 degrees c.	2007	17309503
characteristics of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from dochi-isolated enterococcus faecium d081821 and d081833.	to characterize bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis) from two dochi-isolated enterococcus faecium.	2007	17309511
effect of nacl and kcl on fate and growth/no growth interfaces of listeria monocytogenes scott a at different ph and nisin concentrations.	the fate of listeria monocytogenes scott a, was studied in broth, at different a(w)s (by adding nacl or kcl from 0.0 to 1.4 mol l(-1)), phs (from 4.0 to 7.3 by adding lactic acid), and nisin concentrations (from 0 to 100 iu ml(-1)).	2007	17309630