Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| characterization of the genes encoding the haemolytic toxin and the mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | the crystalline parasporal inclusions (crystals) of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), which are specifically toxic to mosquito and black fly larvae, contain three main polypeptides of 28 kda, 68 kda and 130 kda. the genes encoding the 28 kda protein and the 130 kda protein have been cloned from a large plasmid of bti. escherichia-coli recombinant clones containing the 130 kda protein gene were highly active against larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens, while b. subtilis recombinant ... | 1986 | 3031426 |
| effects of bacillus sphaericus 1593 and 2362 spore/crystal toxin on cultured mosquito cells. | 1986 | 2869088 | |
| [results of the trials of a preparation of bac. thuringiensis h-14 strain bts-393]. | 1986 | 2870421 | |
| further evidence for the role of 26 kda peptide as mosquito larvicidal principle of the crystalline delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. | separation of the toxic and non-toxic subunits of the crystals of b. thuringiensis var israelensis, in native gels has revealed that the toxic subunit contained predominantly 26 kda peptide, while the non-toxic subunit was made up of 66 kda and other larger molecular weight peptides. tryptic digestion of the crystal proteins and their separation on a deae-cellulose column, resulted in the generation of a fraction with a 21 kda peptide, exhibiting larvicidal and hemolytic activities and immunorea ... | 1986 | 2872888 |
| effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 on certain egyptian mosquito species in small ditches. | 1986 | 2873191 | |
| effects of phospholipases c on the beta-receptor-adenylate cyclase system of chick erythrocyte membranes. | the beta-adrenergic receptor located in chick erythrocyte membranes was characterized using (-)-[3h]-dihydroalprenolol ([3h]-dha) with rapid filtration techniques. the affinity of beta-adrenergic antagonist, (-)-propranolol, was approximately 100-fold higher than that of (+)-propranolol. catecholamines were bound with the receptor in the following order, (-)-isoproterenol greater than (-)-norepinephrine greater than (-)-epinephrine, suggested the binding site to be beta 1-classification. when th ... | 1986 | 2875718 |
| efficacy of a slow release formulation of bacillus thuringiensis h. 14 against mosquito larvae. | 1986 | 2875944 | |
| [effect of delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on biochemical functional relationships in diptera aedes aegypti]. | a study of the action of very low doses of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on the larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera) gave evidence for peculiar properties of the dose/effect relations based on the variations of the regression slopes of functional relationships between the pairs cysteine/serine and fatty acids/histidine, by contrast with the pair fatty acids/glucose which exhibited a classical shaped relation. this indicates "crypto-toxicological" processes, not lethal by ... | 1986 | 2876759 |
| effects of intra- and extracellularly applied phospholipases c on excitability of squid giant axons. | the effects of phospholipases c on the membrane excitability of the squid giant axon were investigated using phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase c of bacillus cereus, and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis. when the squid axon was perfused internally with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c in kf or k-glutamate solution, the action potential was blocked in 4-7 min and membrane resistance decreased with time to a le ... | 1986 | 2877512 |
| microbial control of black flies and mosquitoes. | 1986 | 2867736 | |
| [influence of various ions in sporulation and the formation of delta-endotoxin in bacillus thuringiensis cultures]. | this paper deals with studies related to the influence of several ions on growth, spore formation and endotoxin formation by a bacillus thuringiensis hd-1 strain commonly used for bioinsecticide production. two basal media (4 and 5, table 1) containing glucose, (nh4)2 so4, phosphates and yeast extract or bacto peptone as organic nitrogen sources were supplemented with several ions in different concentrations, as shown in table 1. the experiments were conducted in 1000 ml erlenmeyer flasks, conta ... | 1986 | 2825241 |
| sporulation-dependent phagelike particles in inclusion-forming bacillus species. | phagelike particles, which have been observed in sporulated cells of bacillus medusa, were found to appear at about late stage ii in all subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis toxic to mosquito larvae. all phagelike particles were similar in size and shape and when purified possessed capsid proteins of similar molecular weights and immune reaction. the synthesis of the major capsid protein occurred at the same time as complete phagelike particles were detected by electron microscopy. the productio ... | 1986 | 2424582 |
| biological control of mosquitoes by the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta endotoxin. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) is a promising, safe toxic agent for control of mosquitoes, but the rapid disappearance of its toxicity makes its use in practice economically unattractive. the lack of evidence for b.t.i. multiplication in water also makes the natural ecology of b.t.i. puzzling. the observation that mosquito larvae readily cannibalize carcasses of b.t.i.-killed larvae, and that the carcasses become toxic to scavenging larvae provides a possible solution to this p ... | 1986 | 2436447 |
| [structural characteristics of dna of bacillus thuringiensis phages]. | the spectral characteristics of dna from two phages of the polylysogenic bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae culture 1-97 were studied. the typical parameters of melting and the negative reaction with formaldehyde are indicative of the double-helical structure of these dnas. the phage dnas differ in the molar content of nitrogen bases (32 and 38 mole% of gc) and in their distribution along the molecule. this distribution is uniform in the dna of one phage whereas the other phage dna is compo ... | 1986 | 3821593 |
| effect of removal of the cytolytic factor of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis on mosquito toxicity. | solubilized crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was fractionated by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody directed against the crystal's 28 kda peptide. the 28 kda peptide was found to be relatively nontoxic to mosquito larvae although it does contain the hemolytic activity of the crystals. the crystal protein fraction depleted of the 28 kda peptide was found to be nonhemolytic and to retain nearly full toxicity to mosquito larvae. these results suggest tha ... | 1986 | 3814127 |
| the hypervariable region in the genes coding for entomopathogenic crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis: nucleotide sequence of the kurhd1 gene of subsp. kurstaki hd1. | one of the genes for the entomophatogenic crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis (subsp. kurstaki strain hd1) has been cloned in escherichia coli, and its nucleotide sequence determined completely. the gene is contained within a 4360-bp-long hpai-psti dna restriction fragment and codes for a polypeptide of 1,155 amino acid residues. the protoxin protein has a predicted mr of 130,625. the e. coli-derived protoxin gene product is biologically active against heliothis virescens larvae in a biote ... | 1986 | 3557124 |
| [bacillus thuringiensis plasmids]. | several b. thuringiensis serotypes are used for the production of bacterial insecticides. the important ingradient of bacterial insecticide produced by b. thuringiensis is a parasporal crystal protein formed during sporulation. the bioinsecticide containing several b. thuringiensis serotypes have great potential in the control of certain insects, because of their high selectivity and the absense of any harmful effect on humans, plants, animals, polinators and predators. but the generation of cry ... | 1986 | 3561283 |
| isolation of a relatively nontoxic 65-kilodalton protein inclusion from the parasporal body of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | ultrastructural studies of the mosquitocidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis revealed that the parasporal body contained three major inclusion types, designated types 1, 2, and 3, which could be differentiated on the basis of electron opacity and size and, to some extent, shape. the type-2 inclusion, which was of moderate electron density and often appeared as a bar-shaped polyhedral body, was isolated on nabr gradients from purified parasporal bodies and characterized by sod ... | 1986 | 3944061 |
| a field evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a biological control agent for simulium chutteri (diptera:nematocera) in the middle orange river. | bacillus thuringiensis berliner var. israelensis de barjac (serotype h-14) (b.t.i.) at a concentration of 1.6 ppm/10 min and a toxicity of 1500 aau/mg was tested against simulium chutteri lewis larvae in the orange river near prieska, south africa. samples of benthic fauna from the stones-in-current biotope were collected before application of the product and at various intervals up to 80 h afterwards at 4 stations from 200 m to 11 km downstream of the application site. fauna drift increased sli ... | 1986 | 3960491 |
| evaluation of methoprene, temephos and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against coquillettidia perturbans larvae in minnesota. | temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and methoprene were tested for larval control of coquillettidia perturbans. neither temephos nor b.t.i. treatments at their maximum recommended dosages consistently reduced larval numbers. larval emergencies were reduced 99% in test plots treated with experimental, controlled release methoprene briquets (altosid sr-10). breeding sites of cq. perturbans in a 5,000 km2 area were treated using methoprene briquets in the 1984 season. adult p ... | 1986 | 2466954 |
| selection for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis in field and laboratory populations of the mosquito aedes aegypti. | 1986 | 3701104 | |
| [comparative study of the physicochemical and biological properties of bacillus thuringiensis phages]. | two phages of the polylysogenic bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 1-97 culture differ in the morphology of their particles. a comparative study of their antigenic properties has shown the possibility of cross serological reactions of neutralization with antiphagal sera. the results imply that there is an antigenic relationship between these phages. the data indicate that the nucleic acid component of the both phages is dna. the sensitivity of phage 1-97 a to some physical factors has been ... | 1986 | 3702777 |
| susceptibility of poultry biting lice (mallophaga) to dipel and bacilan (bacillus thuringiensis). | dipel (abbott laboratories, n. chicago, u.s.a.) and bacilan (ppr, wałcz, poland), commercial preparation of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, containing 16,000 iu/mg were tested in vitro on menopon gallinae (l.) and eomenacanthus stramineus (nitzsch). the insects were placed in feathers, in petri plates, and sprayed with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 10% solutions of insecticides. each concentration was tested on a group of 10 insects, in three replications. the viability was observed after 1 ... | 1986 | 3717688 |
| breeding water and mosquito strain as factors influencing susceptibility of culex pipiens l. to bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14. | 1986 | 3722891 | |
| settling of larvicidal material in bacillus thuringiensis israelensis serotype h-14 formulations sprayed on water surface. | 1986 | 3722892 | |
| biochemical and immunological characterization of the cloned crystal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | the protein components of the cloned crystal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. using an antiserum to the solubilized b. thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal protein as a probe, immunological homology between the crystal protein components of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis and those of the recombinant b. megaterium strain vb131 was tested. the results from this study indicate that the crystal inc ... | 1986 | 3729936 |
| pilot scale production & evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis h-14. | 1986 | 3733200 | |
| bacillus thuringiensis entomocidal protoxin gene sequence and gene product analysis. | a 3778-bp dna sequence of the insecticidal protoxin gene coding sequence and flanking regions from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies berliner 1715 has been determined. the protoxin is composed of 1155 amino acids, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, and has a calculated molecular mass of 130,615 daltons. to determine the dna portion that encodes toxicity, sequential deletions were constructed from the 3' end of the coding region using nuclease bal-31. using these mutants in an insect bioassay, ... | 1986 | 3743328 |
| trichostrongylus colubriformis: isolation and characterization of ovicidal activity from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | bioassay of media fractions from cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis revealed that ovicidal activity for eggs of the ruminant nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis was found in microbial crystals, but was not released into culture medium. the purified delta-endotoxin of b. t. israelensis, composed of two 25 kda proteins, had no effect on nematode eggs. a fraction that had high ovicidal activity for eggs of t. colubriformis was isolated by high performance liquid chromatography fr ... | 1986 | 3743716 |
| new bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated in israel are highly toxic to mosquito larvae. | 1986 | 3745929 | |
| [effect of mineral salts on exotoxin formation and productivity of a bacillus thuringiensis culture]. | the effect of ten mineral salts on the productivity and toxin synthesis was studied in bacillus thuringiensis ipm-1140. exotoxin synthesis was stimulated by zn2+, mn2+ and nh4+ ions as well as by potassium phosphates. the direct correlation between the number of viable spores and the exotoxin accumulation was disordered at extreme salt concentrations. optimal salt concentrations in the yeast-polysaccharide medium were found using the method of a fractional factor experiment, which made it possib ... | 1986 | 3747869 |
| [levels of sensitivity of anopheles gambiae s.l. to traditional insecticides and evaluation of the efficiency of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus]. | 1986 | 3752796 | |
| [effectiveness of using bactoculicde for controlling mosquito larvae in the crimea]. | 1986 | 3754303 | |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies to a crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | ten monoclonal antibodies were produced against a k-1-type crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. eight of the antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) subclass, with pi values ranging from 5.5 to 8.6, one could be assigned to the igg2b subclass, and one could be assigned to the igm class. competitive antibody-binding assays and analysis of antibody specificity indicated that the 10 antibodies recognized at least nine distinct antigenic determinants. eight antibodies ... | 1986 | 3759236 |
| development of an improved elisa for antibody detection and use in production of a hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody specific for crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | 1986 | 3771910 | |
| analysis of mosquito larvicidal potential exhibited by vegetative cells of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | vegetative bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cells (6 x 10(5)/ml) achieved 100% mortality of aedes aegypti larvae within 24 h. this larvicidal potential was localized within the cells; the cell-free supernatants did not kill mosquito larvae. however, they did contain a heat-labile hemolysin which was immunologically distinct from the general cytolytic (hemolytic) factor released during solubilization of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals. the larvicidal potential of the vegetat ... | 1986 | 3777922 |
| the use of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in the biological control of blackflies in czechoslovakia. | 1986 | 3660829 | |
| [effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14 variety in different mosquito breeding grounds in the city of havana and santiago de cuba provinces]. | 1986 | 3550961 | |
| the inactivation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin by mosquito larvae proteases liberated into the medium. | crystal serine-proteases of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were able to process the 28,000-dalton protein during crystal solubilization. on the other hand, solubilized crystal proteins were degraded during the larvicidal bioassay by the action of serine-proteases liberated by mosquito larvae into the medium, with loss of toxicity. however, proteins in intact crystals were protected from the action of these proteases. this resistance to degradation of crystals partly explains the observation ... | 1986 | 3516151 |
| bacteriophage-resistant mutants of bacillus thuringiensis with decreased virulence in pupae of hyalophora cecropia. | starting from a crystal-negative parental strain of bacillus thuringiensis, we isolated certain bacteriophage-resistant mutants which showed decreased virulence in pupae of the cecropia moth (hyalophora cecropia). these strains (class i mutants) were highly pleiotropic and showed resistance to seven or eight different phages, sensitivity to methicillin, and loss of flagella. they were also more sensitive to cecropia immune hemolymph in vitro. in addition, the export of at least three proteins wa ... | 1986 | 3522544 |
| development of sensitive bacterial tests, exemplified by two mycotoxins. | for a sensitive bacterial test for mycotoxins the cup plate assay, based on growth inhibition, was optimised with bacillus thuringiensis as test strain. bacillus thuringiensis allowed the detection of 1.25 microgram kojic acid. a minimal amount of 12.5 micrograms kojic acid or 1.25 micrograms patulin was detectable by means of pigment suppression with isolated mutants of serratia marcescens, whereas the wild type of this strain was insensitive. | 1986 | 3523832 |
| [chemical mutagenesis and the use of indirect enzymatic criteria for the selection of virulent clones of bacillus thuringiensis]. | the effect of the mutagene nitrosoguanidine (n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine) on the growth of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae st. 69/6 was being studied. it depends on the physiological state of the cells, dose of the mutagene, ph of the culture medium and exposition. nitrosoguanidine was found to have the maximum mutagenic effect on the vegetative cells at ph 6.2 and on the spores at ph 5.6. | 1986 | 3532089 |
| the molecular biology of parasporal crystal body formation in bacillus thuringiensis. | data obtained using several experimental methods (curing, transconjugation, cloning, and hybridization) indicate that crystal protein genes in many subspecies of bt that are toxic to lepidopterans are located on one or more large plasmids; in some subspecies, the gene may be located on the chromosome. detailed mapping has shown that in three plasmids (each from a different strain) the genes are surrounded by multiple copies of two repeated dna elements; the arrangement of these elements is the s ... | 1986 | 3535652 |
| immunological relationships among proteins making up the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystalline toxin. | the immunological relationships among the proteins of the mosquito larvicidal toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been investigated by using polyclonal antisera specific for the 28-, 70-, and 135-kilodalton proteins. each of these proteins was immunologically distinct. there was no cross-reaction among the three proteins and the two non-homologous antisera. treatment of toxin proteins with larval gut enzymes for 20 h identified protease-resistant domains at approxima ... | 1986 | 3535673 |
| thin layer chromatography overlay technique in the analysis of the binding of the solubilized protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki to an insect glycosphingolipid of known structure. | the hypothesis tested was that a particular glycoconjugate(s) in the exposed cell-surface membrane of susceptible insect cells acts as a receptor and/or modulator for the specific interaction with the protoxin/activated toxin of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. as candidates, the total neutral and acidic fraction glycolipids, and the isolated neutral glycosphingolipid components, were screened for binding activity by the thin layer chromatogram overlay technique. the ... | 1986 | 3506816 |
| effects of sublethal exposure to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on larval development and adult size in aedes aegypti. | the effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14) on second instar aedes aegypti larvae were investigated. a test system was developed in which adverse effects would be detected as increased duration of larval development and decreased adult body size. no evidence of negative effects on survivors could be detected when sufficient b.t.i. dosages were applied to kill approximately half of the larvae in the treatment groups. however, when ... | 1986 | 3507506 |
| evaluation of a sustained release formulation of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for control of woodland culex mosquitoes. | 1986 | 3507516 | |
| swath width determination for beecomist-applied bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) against anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in rice fields. | optimum flight path interval of beecomist-applied bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14) (bti) against anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae was determined by assessing the effective swath width in rice fields. droplet sensitive cards, laboratory-reared and naturally occurring populations of larvae were used to monitor aerial treatments 1 day posttreatment. overlapping swaths were necessary to provide high levels of larval reduction. based on tests where flight path intervals were 18 ... | 1986 | 3507523 |
| toxicity in carcasses of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis-killed aedes aegypti larvae against scavenging larvae: implications to bioassay. | 1986 | 3507532 | |
| two different parasporal inclusions are produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus produced at least two parasporal inclusions. one inclusion was formed within the exosporium and remained with the spore after mother cell lysis. a second inclusion formed somewhat later exterior to the exosporium. each inclusion contained a major polypeptide of about 135,000 daltons with unique antigenic determinants. this subspecies contained only two plasmids, of 98 and 77 megadaltons (mda). strains cured of these plasmids produced only the free inclusio ... | 1986 | 3001026 |
| delta endotoxin is a potent inhibitor of the (na,k)-atpase. | a 68-kda protein, delta endotoxin, produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki inhibits ion transport, (na,k)-atpase, and k+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity catalyzed by the na+ pump. the ki for inhibition of the k+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of purified dog kidney (na,k)-atpase was approximately 0.37 microm. delta endotoxin had a similar ki for inhibition of (na,k)-atpase activity when assayed at low na+ concentration (10 mm) but the inhibition was reversed when high concentration ... | 1986 | 3003059 |
| identification of a positive retroregulator that stabilizes mrnas in bacteria. | a positive retroregulator that enhances the expression of an upstream gene(s) has been identified. it resides within a 381-base pair (bp) restriction fragment containing the transcriptional terminator of the crystal protein (cry) gene from bacillus thuringiensis vs. kurstaki hd-1. this fragment was fused to the distal ends of either the penicillinase (penp) gene of bacillus licheniformis or the interleukin 2 cdna from the human jurkat cell line. in both cases, the half-lives of the mrnas derived ... | 1986 | 3085085 |
| plasmids associated with a phagelike particle and with a satellite inclusion in bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | variants of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis were isolated using a 42 degrees c plasmid curing method. those that were missing the large toxic crystalline inclusion still possessed in their sporulated cells a small inclusion similar to the satellite inclusion of the wild type. these crystal-minus but satellite-positive variants, like the wild type, produced sporulation-dependent phagelike particles; variants lacking both the crystal and the satellite did not. these latter strains lacked b ... | 1986 | 3087608 |
| induced release of bacillus spores from sporangia by sodium sulphate. | incubation of sporulating cultures of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, b. subtilis and b. thuringiensis in 1.0 mol/l sodium sulphate markedly increased the release of free spores from sporangia. it is postulated that the release of spores is due to activation of latent autolysins which hydrolyse sporangial cell walls. sodium sulphate-induced lysis of sporangia represents a novel and highly effective method for the recovery of spores from cultures of bacillus species. | 1986 | 3087932 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis and insect pathogen, pseudomonas aeruginosa, on mammalian gastrointestinal tract. | 1986 | 3089926 | |
| [changes in the electrical characteristics of bacterial cells in the disruption of the barrier function of the cytoplasmic membrane]. | a change in the electro-orientation spectrum followed by a change in the electric characteristics of bacterial cells had been measured when the barrier function of the cytoplasmic membrane was disordered under the action of damaging physical and chemical factors. analysis of changes in the spectra at a frequency of 10(4) to 10(7) hz allows one to estimate the degree of cell damage in quantitative terms. the paper presents the results of comparing three procedures for such an estimation: inoculat ... | 1986 | 3102904 |
| plasmids and crystal toxin production in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | 1986 | 3471064 | |
| isolation and characterization of coproporphyrin produced by four subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis. | it was found by using spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, and high-pressure liquid chromatography that four subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis produce coproporphyrin. the porphyrin isomer was identified as coproporphyrin i for b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (hd1). the porphyrin was isolated both from spores and from a variety of spent growth media. the quantity of porphyrin released by each bacillus subspecies differed. the rank order of porphyrin production follows: b. thuringiensis su ... | 1986 | 16347008 |
| mode of action of bipyramidal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1. | the mode of action of the toxic fragment (p-59) derived from bipyramidal-shaped delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 on the silkworm bombyx mori was investigated. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that there was no translocation of p-59 from the gut lumen to the hemocoel. when membrane vesicles prepared from silkworm midgut were incubated with p-59, normally smooth surface of vesicles became rough, and patch formation was observed on the surface. vesicles trea ... | 1986 | 16347024 |
| ingestion and adsorption of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by gammarus lacustris in the laboratory. | several groups of gammarus lacustris adults were exposed to solutions containing 0.5 and 5.0 mg of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis per liter for 1- or 24-h periods by using traditional static bioassay exposure procedures. during a postexposure holding period, fecal pellets were removed and plated on tryptic soy agar to determine b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spore content. the experiments verified that traditional exposure procedures assure ingestion of b. thuringiensis subsp. is ... | 1986 | 16347242 |
| only part of the protoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner 1715 is necessary for insecticidal activity. | [this corrects the article on p. 708 in vol. 49.]. | 1985 | 16346828 |
| composition and toxicity of the inclusion of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the multisegmented ovoidal inclusion of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be composed of two structurally and biochemically distinct components. electron microscopy of the inclusion revealed it to be composed mainly of osmiophobic or lightly stained segments crystallized in a lattice showing a repeat of approximately 4.3 nm. these light segments of the inclusions were shared by osmiophylic darkly stained segments with a crystal lattice repeat of approximately 7.8 nm. the lig ... | 1985 | 16346842 |
| cloning and expression of an insecticidal k-73 type crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki into escherichia coli. | a 75-kilobase plasmid from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (hd-244) was associated with the k-73 type insecticidal crystal protein production by mating into b. cereus and subsequent curing of excess plasmids. this plasmid was partially digested with endonuclease r . sau3a and the fragments were cloned into escherichia coli (hb101) on vector pbr322. candidate clones were screened for plasmid vectors which contained the expected insert size (at least 3 kilobases) and then with an enzyme-linke ... | 1985 | 16346882 |
| survival of bacillus thuringiensis spores in soil. | bacillus thuringiensis spores and parasporal crystals were incubated in natural soil, both in the laboratory and in nature. during the first 2 weeks, the spore count decreased by approximately 1 log. thereafter, the number of spore cfu remained constant for at least 8 months. b. thuringiensis did not lose its ability to make the parasporal crystals during its residence in soil. spore survival was similar for a commercial spore-crystal preparation (the insecticide) and for laboratory-grown spores ... | 1985 | 16346949 |
| insect resistance to the biological insecticide bacillus thuringiensis. | resistance to the spore-crystal protein complex of bacillus thuringiensis, the most widely used and intensively studied microbial insecticide, has been presumed to be unlikely to occur. in this study it was found that plodia interpunctella, a major lepidopteran pest of stored grain products, can develop resistance to the insecticide within a few generations. resistance increased nearly 30-fold in two generations in a strain reared on diet treated with bacillus thuringiensis and after 15 generati ... | 1985 | 17746291 |
| nucleotide sequence and structural organization of an insertion sequence element (is231) from bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. | this paper describes the structural organization of a repetitive dna sequence isolated from plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. dna sequence analysis of this repetitive sequence (rs) revealed all the characteristic features of an insertion sequence (is). this 1656-bp element is delineated by two 20-bp inverted repeats which are flanked by two 11-bp direct repeats. a long open reading frame spans almost the entire sequence and is preceded by potential transcriptional and tran ... | 1985 | 3004978 |
| micro-lipid-droplet encapsulation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis delta-endotoxin for control of mosquito larvae. | the crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is less toxic to larvae of anopheles freeborni than to larvae of aedes aegypti. however, when solubilized crystal was used, larvae from both species showed similar sensitivities. this effect presumably was due to the differences in feeding behavior between the two mosquito larvae when crystal preparations are used. a procedure is described whereby both crystal and solubilized b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin were e ... | 1985 | 3002272 |
| [open solid plate medium cultured bacillus thuringiensis and its mosquitocidal effect in field application]. | 1985 | 3837708 | |
| [effect of the pc194 plasmid on the development of bacillus thuringiensis phages]. | bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strains were transformed by plasmid pc194, coding for chloramphenicol resistance (cmr). efficiency of plating and the yields of bacteriophages tg13 and tg27 maturating in cmr transformant cells were decreased for 2-3 orders as compared with the ones in parental strains. the cmr transformants are characterized by the increased level of spontaneous induction of bacteriophage tg22. | 1985 | 3842748 |
| [characteristics of bacillus thuringiensis phages with circular permutation in the dna molecule]. | bacteriophages tm2 and tg27 of different origins but identical in biological properties have been compared. physicochemical characteristics of bacteriophages have revealed the existence of end repeats and circular permutation of phage dna. phages tm2 and tg27 share the same dimensions of incapsulated dna, differing in the sizes of phage genome and end repeats. bacteriophage tm2 genome is 45.2 kb. long with the end repeats containing 5.7%. the genome of tg27 is 42.53 kb and 11.8% of end repeat. t ... | 1985 | 3842750 |
| efficacy of granular formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for the control of anopheles larvae in rice fields. | three granular formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) were applied to dense stands of maturing and mature rice for control of anopheles crucians and an. quadrimaculatus. aerial applications of the vectobac granule (200 itu/mg) at 5.6, 11.2 and 22.4 kg/ha to 0.4 ha plots resulted in 92, 94 and 96% reduction 48 hr after application, respectively, in populations predominantly consisting of late instars. the bactimos granule (175 itu/mg) was applied by aircraft to 0.4 ha plots and by a cyclon ... | 1985 | 3880212 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for larval aedes mosquito control in intermountain meadows in wyoming. | one square meter field enclosures made of steel flashing, and natural ponds were used to determine the efficacy of bactimos formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for control of late instar aedes dorsalis, ae. fitchii and ae. melanimon mosquito larvae in intermountain meadows. low temperatures caused decreased efficacy of the formulations tested in the laboratory, and spring temperature extremes lowered efficacy in field tests. adequate control of fourth instar larvae was obtained in fiel ... | 1985 | 3880213 |
| a chironomid (diptera: chironomidae) midge population study and laboratory evaluation of larvicides against midges inhabiting the lagoon of venice, italy. | chironomid larval densities in the saltwater lagoon of venice, italy, were assessed in the spring of 1984. four organophosphates; chlorpyrifos, temephos, fenthion and fenitrothion, and three pyrethroids; cypermethrin, permethrin and deltamethrin, were tested in the laboratory against field-collected larvae. three industrial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) were also tested as midge larvicides. only chironomus salinarius occurred in the benthic samples taken from d ... | 1985 | 3880214 |
| control of snow pool mosquitoes with bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 in mountain environments in california and oregon. | studies were conducted in mountainous areas of california and oregon to test the effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 in controlling larvae of snow pool aedes mosquitoes, and also the effect of such larval control on the density of adult mosquitoes. california and oregon studies showed that a wettable powder formulation of b.t.i. was effective in controlling mosquito larvae. in oregon, treatment was effective even at water temperatures as low as 5 degrees c. sampling of adult mo ... | 1985 | 3880215 |
| solubilized crystal of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: effect on adult house flies, stable flies (diptera: muscidae), and green lacewings (neuroptera: chrysopidae). | 1985 | 3880220 | |
| evaluation of beecomist-applied bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) against anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in rice fields. | the beecomist spray head was evaluated for aerial application of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14; bti) at various ultra low volume (ulv) rates against natural populations of anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in rice fields. deposits on kromekote cards indicated that 0.54 liter/ha of neat bti penetrated the dense canopy of the rice field. mean number of droplets 65 cm below canopy level was 4.9 +/- 5.0/100 cm2. at 1 day posttreatment, applications of 0.54, 0.27, 0.11, 0.07 a ... | 1985 | 3880248 |
| efficacy of flowable concentrate formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against black flies (diptera:simuliidae). | seven flowable concentrate formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14), teknar wdc, auto-dispersible teknar, teknar 2x aqueous concentrate, teknar 2x oil base concentrate, vectobac as, bactimos fc and skeetal f, were evaluated in small streams against simulium vittatum. there was no significant difference in efficacy among the formulations with the exception of the teknar 2x aqueous concentrate, which required considerably less formulation (5 mg/liter/1 min) than the others to produce 95% mort ... | 1985 | 3880264 |
| feeding rate of larval aedes vexans stimulated by food substances. | feeding rates of fourth instar larvae of aedes vexans were compared by counting substrate filled gut segments after exposure to food or inert particles. food particles (wheat flour, fishmeal or yeast) were ingested approximately 3 times faster than inert particles (kaolin, pumice or synthetic cellulose). aqueous fishmeal extract accelerated ingestion of inert particles to the level of ingestion of food particles, demonstrating gustatory stimulation of larvae. absolute amounts of ingested materia ... | 1985 | 3880266 |
| new answers to malaria problems through vector control? | 1985 | 3886422 | |
| only part of the protoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner 1715 is necessary for insecticidal activity. | escherichia coli strains harboring deletion mutations of the insecticidal protoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner 1715 were constructed. although these strains did not produce intact protoxin, cell extracts from one of the mutants were extremely toxic to tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) larvae, indicating that only a part of the protoxin gene is required for insecticidal activity. | 1985 | 3888110 |
| delineation of a toxin-encoding segment of a bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene. | crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1-dipel contain a mr 134,000 protoxin which can be cleaved by proteolysis to a peptide of mr approximately 70,000; this peptide is lethal to lepidopteran larvae. we have analyzed the peptides produced by recombinant escherichia coli strains bearing deletions and fusions of the protoxin gene in order to delineate the portion of the gene which encodes the toxic peptide. the recombinant strains produced the toxic peptide as well as larger peptid ... | 1985 | 3888979 |
| [amino acid and mineral element content and the activity of various enzymes in germinating spores of bacillus thuringiensis]. | changes in the content of dipicolinic acid and mineral elements were studied in the process of bacillus thuringiensis spore germination. the spores released up to 28% of dipicolinic acid and 18% of calcium at the activation stage, and 93 and 91%, respectively, at the initiation stage. at the same time, the content of mg, mn, zn and p decreased while k, na and fe accumulated in the spores. the activities of total and serine proteases, alkaline phosphatase, nadh dehydrogenase and aldolase increase ... | 1985 | 3892244 |
| [determination, by the electro-optical method, of the number of undamaged bacterial cells after extreme exposures]. | the results of electro-optical measurements can be used to determine rapidly how the number of intact cells decreases before and after the action of certain extreme factors. the experiments were conducted with suspensions of escherichia coli and bacillus thuringiensis cells subjected to the action of heat, toluene, ethanol, and freezing. electro-optical measurements can make it possible to assay the relative number of cells with both lethal and sublethal damages. | 1985 | 3903444 |
| protease activation of the entomocidal protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | two isolates of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were examined which produced different levels of intracellular proteases. although the crystals from both strains had comparable toxicity, one of the strains, lb1, had a strong polypeptide band at 68,000 molecular weight in the protein from the crystal; in the other, hd251, no such band was evident. when the intracellular proteases in both strains were measured, strain hd251 produced less than 10% of the proteolytic activity found in lb1. th ... | 1985 | 3909962 |
| demonstration of a capsule plasmid in bacillus anthracis. | virulent and certain avirulent strains of bacillus anthracis harbor a plasmid, designated pxo2, which is involved in the synthesis of capsules. two classes of rough, noncapsulated (cap-) variants were isolated from the capsule-producing (cap+) pasteur vaccine strains atcc 6602 and atcc 4229. one class was cured of pxo2, and the other class still carried it. reversion to cap+ was demonstrable only in rough variants which had retained pxo2. proof that pxo2 is involved in capsule synthesis came fro ... | 1985 | 3926644 |
| [the activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against black fly larvae under field conditions in south bohemia]. | the effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spore suspension against black fly larvae was tested in two regulated brooks in the ceské budĕjovice district, south bohemia. the sites under study were small, regulated, paved brooks of trapezoidal profile, with vegetation of different density, and with stream flow rates ranging from 40 to 90 cm/sec. lyophilized spores (produced by roger belon) at a final concentration of 1 x 10(5) spores per ml were used. the spore efficacy was deter ... | 1985 | 3927567 |
| prophage induction and filamentation in bacillus thuringiensis caused by the genotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin b1. | cultures of the lysogenic strain of bacillus thuringiensis var. tolworthi were made in the presence of various drugs. the determination of bacterial size and plaque forming units (by using an indicator strain of b. thuringiensis var. galleriae) as well as colony forming units were then performed. treatment of lysogenic cells by aflatoxin b1: provokes the formation of elongated cells (filamentation); induces a pathway that leads to the induction of prophage. results of the present study indicated ... | 1985 | 3932860 |
| production, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties of angiolam a, a new antibiotic from angiococcus disciformis (myxobacterales). | angiolam a, a new lactone-lactam antibiotic, was isolated from the culture broth of the myxobacterium angiococcus disciformis strain an d30. it was active against a few gram-positive bacteria and mutant strains of escherichia coli with increased permeability. it appears to interfere with protein synthesis. | 1985 | 3937837 |
| germination of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores in the gut of aedes larvae (diptera: culicidae). | 1985 | 3968442 | |
| mating system for transfer of plasmids among bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. | to facilitate the analysis of genetic determinants carried by large resident plasmids of bacillus anthracis, a mating system was developed which promotes plasmid transfer among strains of b. anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis. transfer of the selectable tetracycline resistance plasmid pbc16 and other plasmids from b. thuringiensis to b. anthracis and b. cereus recipients occurred during mixed incubation in broth. two plasmids, pxo11 and pxo12, found in b. thuringiensis were responsible f ... | 1985 | 3988702 |
| physiological actions of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus thuringiensis on kb iii cells: alkaline phosphatase release and growth inhibition. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis caused the release of alkaline phosphatase from kb iii cells and plasma membrane preparations prepared from the cells. phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c added to the culture of kb iii cells inhibited cell growth by 30%. the release of alkaline phosphatase induced by phospholipase c was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the concentrations of the phospholipase c, kb iii cells and plasma membra ... | 1985 | 3992597 |
| laboratory evaluation of an exotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni to horn fly larvae (diptera: muscidae) and mice. | 1985 | 4008744 | |
| enhancement of intrinsic antitumor activity in spore-endotoxin mixtures of bacillus thuringiensis by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. | 1985 | 4011697 | |
| effect of sublethal bacillus thuringiensis crystal endotoxin treatment on the larval midgut of a moth, manduca: sem study. | the effect of a single, sublethal dose of b. thuringiensis crystal endotoxin on the midgut of the moth manduca sexta larvae was monitored during acute and recovery stages. initially both goblet and columnar cells swelled. many columnar cells produced membrane extrusions. in some cases the affected cells ruptured, extruding cellular debris into the midgut lumen. following the acute stage, the midgut tissue recovered, the damaged cells being extruded into the midgut lumen apparently as newly regen ... | 1985 | 4012768 |
| conjugal plasmid transfer in bacillus thuringiensis. | 1985 | 4015577 | |
| in vivo mobility of fatty acid end groups of bacillus thuringiensis plasma membrane lipids during growth and sporulation. | the mobility of 13c specifically labeled branched chain end groups of iso-even fatty acids in intact, live bacillus thuringiensis cells was studied by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. this study apparently represents the first direct observation of branched chain carbon atoms in living cells. end groups were labeled using dl-[beta, delta, delta'-13c]valine as a precursor chain initiator for iso-even fatty acid synthesis after using l-[delta, delta'-14c]l-valine to determine optimal c ... | 1985 | 4019495 |
| nematoda: susceptibility of the egg to bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | crystalline toxins from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and b.t. kurstaki were lethal in vitro to eggs of the nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis. the ld50 values for the two toxins were 0.38 ng and 37.5 micrograms total protein/ml, respectively. after 1 week at ambient temperature, the ld50 of b.t. kurstaki decreased to less than 4 micrograms/ml. toxin from b.t. israelensis had no effect within 48 hr on survival of adult nematodes or on their feeding in vitro. third-stage larvae of t. co ... | 1985 | 4029351 |
| study on the pathogenecity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis h-14 strain against silkworm, bombyx mori under laboratory conditions. | 1985 | 4031438 | |
| [effect of the concentration and number of anopheles stephensi larvae on their mortality as affected by bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1985 | 4033543 | |
| [changes in the cellular reactivity of guinea pigs sensitized with bacillus thuringiensis]. | changes in the cell-mediated responsiveness of the body under the action of different variants of b. thuringiensis have been studied in experiments on guinea pigs. the data thus obtained indicate that the development of sensitization occurs in the animals, which is manifested by the increase of the sensitivity of leukocytes to the specific allergen and by the increase of the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. the most pronounced changes in the immune responsiveness of guinea pigs hav ... | 1985 | 4036418 |