Publications

physiological and morphological identification of two types of on-center bipolar cells in the carp retina.	two types of on-center bipolar cells, rod- and cone-dominant bipolars have been identified in the dark-adapted retina of the carp by means of intracellular recordings and lucifer-yellow dye injection. they differ physiologically and morphologically in the following respects: 1) responses of rod-dominant cells to bright lights are characterized by a transient depolarization followed by a smaller sustained depolarization, while those of cone-dominant cells are approximately rectangular; 2) the con ...	1982	7076890
inner plexiform circuits in the carp retina: effects of cholinergic agonists, gaba, and substance p on the ganglion cells.	th effects on ganglion cell light responses and spontaneous activity of neurotransmitter candidates, applied by nebulizer spray and iontophoresis, were studied in the isolated carp retina. ach, gaba, and substance p had strong effects on the ganglion cells; dopamine and the amino acids aspartate, glutamate, and glycine and only weak effects. ach and substance p exerted their actions even when synaptic transmission was blocked by cobalt chloride, suggesting postsynaptic receptors for those agents ...	1982	6174185
interaction of the putative dopamine autoreceptor agonists, 3-ppp and tl-99, with the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of carp retina.	the putative dopamine autoreceptor agonists, 3-ppp and tl-99 were examined for their ability to stimulate postsynaptic dopamine receptors associated with adenylate cyclase (d1-receptors) in the carp retina. in intact pieces of retina, 3-ppp had no significant effect on cyclic amp production at concentrations up to 100 microm, whereas the aminotetralin, tl-99, caused a concentration-dependent increase in cyclic amp levels with an approximate ec50 of 3.6 microm. dopamine and adtn had ec50 values o ...	1982	6277674
toxic effects of chromic sulphate on the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the effects of chromic sulphate, which is commonly used in the tanning of leather, on the common carp, cyprinus carpio and the bighead, aristichthys nobilis, were studied. c. carpio was found to be more susceptible than a. nobilis to chromic sulphate at the lowest concentration tested (100 mg/l) whereas results obtained at other concentration were similar for both species. damage to the gills, liver and intestine was observed by histopathological examination. a wide range of chemicals is used in ...	1982	7080089
regulation of the biosynthesis of insulin in isolated brockmann bodies of the carp (cyprinus carpio).		1982	7049828
levels of co2 in arterial blood of carp under carbon dioxide anesthesia.	the application of carbon dioxide anesthesia to fish has been studied in order to find a method of transport of live fish. in the continuation of this study, the levels of arterial pao2, paco2 and ph were examined in carp anesthetized with carbon dioxide. in the initial stage of the anesthesia, both pao2 and paco2 increased. in the following stage, paco2 gradually decreased. an increase or decrease in pao2 seems to depend on the levels of paco2 during anesthesia. on the other hand, ecg (electroc ...	1982	6808097
carp horizontal cells in culture respond selectively to l-glutamate and its agonists.	horizontal cells were enzymatically isolated from the carp retina and maintained in culture for 2-7 days. cultured horizontal cells typically had resting membrane potentials of -50 to -70 mv and input resistances of 100-150 m omega. the cells were treated with a number of neurotransmitter agents and their analogues. significant responses were evoked only by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopamine), l-glutamate, and certain glutamate analogues. the responses to dopamine were inconsistent; most often ...	1982	6278502
gaba-mediated negative feedback and color opponency in carp retina.	in the isolated, perfused retina of the carp, the effects of gaba and its antagonists, picrotoxin and bicuculline, were investigated on spectral responses of horizontal cells. when the gaba-mediated feedback from horizontal cells to cones was desensitized or blocked by these chemicals, remarkable changes were observed in spectral responses, due to selective suppression of responses to long wavelengths. in particular, the depolarizing responses in the biphasic c-type (h2) cell were abolished, whi ...	1982	7169700
gaba-mediated negative feedback from horizontal cells to cones in carp retina.	in the isolated, perfused retina of the carp, properties of the feedback pathway from horizontal cells to cones were investigated by means of electrophysiological and neuropharmacological methods. when horizontal cells were hyperpolarized by illumination with an annulus, a depolarizing synaptic potential was produced in cones at the center of the annulus, suggesting that horizontal cells receive inputs from cones and exert a negative feedback to cones. on the other hand, a hyperpolarization (eps ...	1982	7169699
electrically evoked responses (e-responses) of the carp horizontal cells.		1982	7167594
investigation of the toxicity of propoxur, chlorfenvinphos, bromfenvinphos and methylbromfenvinphos to the fry of the carp, cyprinus carpio, using an acute test.		1982	7166194
the cells involved in the immune response of fish. iii. culture requirements of pha-stimulated carp (cyprinus carpio) lymphocytes.	the optimalization of the culture conditions for carp peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied using the thymidine uptake technique. the quantitative and/or qualitative requirements of this culture were determined with respect to the source of serum, the concentrations of 2-me, glutamine and pha, and with respect to the initial cell density. high individual variations, shown along the experiments, pointed out the existence of low and high responders to the mitogenic stimulus. these individual va ...	1982	7160513
comparative studies on the sensitivity of different fish species to metal pollution.	the effects of 10 ppm cuso4, zncl2 on the blood glucose level and serum ldh, got, gpt activities of three fish species (carp, silver carp, european wels) were measured. cuso4 increased the blood glucose level, ldh, got and gpt activities in the three species in the following order: silver carp greater than carp greater than european wels. zncl2 did not alter the same levels. our results showed that cuso4, and presumably several anthropogenic agents, damaged the different fish species specificall ...	1982	7148260
[synaptic mechanisms of spike train generation by midbrain tectum and olfactory bulb neurons in the carp].		1982	7144979
postprandial level of free amino acids in fish brain.	1. free amino acids were examined in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) brain 3, 6, 24 and 72 hr after a meal. 2. in common carp brain glutamic acid (409.6 +/- 37.6 mg/100 g dry matter), threonine (232.8 +/- 24.6) and histidine (191.3 +/- 70.1) were the most abundant free amino acids. 3. the ratios between the brain and the whole blood concentrations (b/w) expressed as the amounts of moles per tissue water were examined. 4. glutamic acid, histidine, threonine, alanine, methionine, serine and glyci ...	1982	7128116
[protein and energy requirements of growing carp (cyprinus carpio l.). ii. effect of additional fat in rations of various protein and carbohydrate content on growth and body composition].		1982	7102121
synthesis of vitellogenin and its uptake by the ovary in the catfish, heteropneustes fossilis (bloch) in response to carp gonadotropin and its subunits.		1982	7060940
non-immunological recognition and killing of xenogeneic cells by macrophages. iii. destruction of fish cells by murine macrophages.	non-immune non-activated murine peritoneal macrophage killed in vitro fish (cyprinus carpio) pha-induced lymphoblasts. addition of pha and wga to effector-target cell cultures did not potentiate the killing. this killing (xenolysis) was expressed by non-elicited and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages as well as by macrophages depleted of lymphocytes. it is suggested that mammalian macrophages have a xenolytic potential towards phylogenetically distant species which is analogous to the capacity ...	1982	6897047
intracellular distribution of fish muscle alkaline proteinase.	1. intracellular distribution of a muscle alkaline proteinase was investigated on four kinds of fish. 2. the total activity of the muscle proteinase of carp, cyprinus carpio, was larger in both myofibrillar (mf) and microsomal (mic) fractions than the activity in mitochondrial, lysosomal, and supernatant fractions. the activity found in mf fraction seemed to due to the mic enzyme which was not separated from mf fraction. 3. the relative specific activity was mostly found in mic fraction in the s ...	1982	6759016
immunocytochemistry of gonadotropic cells and identification of cell types in ultrathin cryosections of the pituitary of the rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri.	the most frequently occurring cell types in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland of the rainbow trout, (i) the lactotropic, (ii) the gonadotropic, and (iii) the somatotropic cells, were identified in cryosections. their morphological characteristics were compared with those of epon-embedded material. cell location, cell form, position of the nucleus, arrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum and sizes of secretory granules proved to be useful parameters for identification. the size distribu ...	1982	6751548
fine structure and function of isolated gonadotropic cells as revealed from pituitaries of immature rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, by means of a new enzymatic dispersion technique.	a procedure has been developed for dissociating pituitary glands of juvenile rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, producing a preparation of single dispersed pituitary cells in which morphological and functional integrity is preserved. the pituitaries are dispersed by sequential treatment with 0.1% collagenase, 0.04% ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (edta) and 0.125% dispase. the cell yield is 0.3--0.35 x 10(6) cells per pituitary with a cell viability percentage of 95 +/- 1% and single cell percen ...	1982	6291764
analyses of bipolar cell responses elicited by polarization of horizontal cells.	simultaneous intracellular recordings were made from a bipolar cell and a horizontal cell in the carp retina. the properties of the bipolar cell were studied while injecting current into the horizontal cell. hyperpolarization of horizontal cells, irrespective of their type, elicited a hyperpolarizing response in on-center bipolar cells and a depolarizing response in off-center bipolar cells. analyses of the ionic mechanisms of bipolar cell responses revealed that depolarization of horizontal cel ...	1982	6278053
the cells involved in the immune response of fish: ii. pha-induced clonal proliferation of carp lymphocytes in soft agar culture.	lymphocytes from peripheral blood of carp proliferate in a clonal culture in soft agar, in the presence of phytohemagglutinin, generating several morphologically distinct types of colonies. cells from colonies developing on the surface of the agar (surface colonies) and cells from colonies developing within the agar (agar colonies) were studied. several differences were found between cells from the two types of colonies with respect to morphology, ultrastructure and the distribution of cytoplasm ...	1982	6186537
behavior of rna and protein synthesis during the acclimatization of the carp. studies with isolated hepatocytes.	1. carp hepatocytes were isolated by dissociating the liver tissue with collagenase. the procedure yields viable cells with highly preserved ultrastructural and metabolic features. the isolated cells were able to self-aggregated and form tissue. 2. rna and protein synthesis activity was significantly higher in the carp hepatocytes from summer acclimatized fish compared to the activity present in the cold adapted animals. 3. rna synthesis assayed in carp hepatocytes suspensions obtained from summ ...	1982	6179711
protection by metallothionein against cadmium toxicity.	1. the protective effect against cd toxicity of prior exposure to cd or zn solutions at low concentration was studied. 2. carp were bred in tap water (a), 1 ppm cd solution (b) and 5 ppm zn solution (c) for 14 days and then transferred into 15 ppm cd solution. the survival ratio of carp decreased in the order: (c):(b):(a). 3. binding capacity of cd to high molecular and metallothionein fractions in the cytoplasmic solutions of the hepato-pancreas was studied and the binding capacity to the metal ...	1982	6128169
formation of metallothionein in fish.	1. carp were bred in cd solution, and each organ was homogenized and centrifuged at 105,000 g. the cd content of the supernatant was much more than that of the precipitate. 2. in examining the metal form in the supernatant, the induction of metallothionein (mt) was found in carp exposed to cd and zn solutions and the presence of metallothionein was found in fish captured in nagara river and breeding ponds. 3. cd content in the metallothionein fraction of hepato-pancreas increased at the early st ...	1982	6128168
separation and purification of (cd, cu, zn)-metallothionein in carp hepato-pancreas.	1. cd-binding protein was isolated from the hepato-pancreas of carp administered cdcl2 (2 mg/kg). 2. this protein had a high absorption at 254 nm derived from cd-mercaptide binding, and a low absorption at 280 nm derived from the absence of aromatic amino acids; the authors recognized the presence of two types. 3. the amino acid composition of the proteins was determined. the contents of cysteine residues were 34.24% and 31.90% in mt-i and -ii respectively. tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, h ...	1982	6128167
the influence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lh-rh) on serum gonadotropin levels and oocyte maturation in female carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		1982	6128115
histological and enzyme histochemical studies on the nephrons of the freshwater fishes, cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus.	the nephrons of carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were examined histologically and also histochemically for enzymes. in both species the distal and collecting tubules have much wider lumens than do the other renal tubules; thus urine probably flows more slowly in these larger tubules. enzyme histochemistry shows that epithelium of the neck and proximal and intermediate tubules respires anaerobically, whereas that of the distal and collecting tubules respires aerobically. th ...	1982	6286982
isozyme expression in f1 hybrids between carp and goldfish.	interspecific genetic differences in malate dehydrogenase (mdh), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), superoxide dismutase (sod), and esterase (est) isozymes in carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were used to examine the allelic expressions in the hybrid between these species. a unique liver sod and muscle ldh phenotype unambiguously identifies all presumed hybrid individuals. there was no evidence of f2 or backcross phenotypes in hybrid individuals. liver mdh and est phenotypes in ...	1982	7092795
capillarisation, oxygen diffusion distances and mitochondrial content of carp muscles following acclimation to summer and winter temperatures.	many species of fish show a partial or complete thermal compensation of metabolic rate on acclimation from summer to winter temperatures. in the present study crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) were acclimated for two months to either 2 degrees c or 28 degrees c and the effects of temperature acclimation on mitochondrial content and capillary supply to myotomal muscles determined. mitochondria occupy 31.4% and 14.7% of slow fibre volume in 2 degrees c- and 28 degrees c-acclimated fish, respec ...	1982	7083305
characterization and distribution of neutral and acidic mucins in the alimentary canal of an indian freshwater major carp, catla catla (hamilton) by histochemical methods.	the distribution and chemical nature of acid and neutral mucins in the various regions of the alimentary canal of catla catla (ham.) have been studied. both acid (sulfated and non-sulfated) and neutral mucins have been found to occur as a mosaic of complex substances in the different mucous cell types (secretory and non-secretory--both mature and immature) in the various regions of the alimentary canal (buccopharynx, oesophagus, intestine, and rectum). acid mucin (both sulfated and non-sulfated) ...	1982	7106537
biochemical polymorphisms in south african freshwater fish. isoenzyme patterns in fish of the families cyprinidae and salmonidae.	isoenzyme patterns were studied in local populations of the carp (cyprinus carpio) and the bream (sarotherodon mossambicus) of the cyprinid family, and in the trout (salmo giardneri) of the family salmonidae. homogenates of heart muscle extracts were used in the identification of pgi, nadp-idh, pgm and 6-pgd. polymorphisms found and gene frequencies obtained are discussed separately for each enzyme and species or population. in the bream, variation was found only at the pgi locus. in the carp on ...	1982	6214975
inability of parvalbumin to function as a calcium-dependent activator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity.	the calcium-sensitive phosphodiesterase-stimulating activity sometimes associated with parvalbumin preparations is due to contaminating (less than 0.1%) amounts of carp muscle cdr (calcium-dependent regulator)-like protein. this protein can be resolved from parvalbumins by sephadex g-75 chromatography and has many characteristics of the cdr. parvalbumin itself causes a nonspecific stimulation of phosphodiesterase at all calcium concentrations which, in the presence of cdr, can cause an apparent ...	1982	220239
environmental specimen banking: a challenge in trace analysis.	the need for environmental specimen collection and storage ("specimen banking") is demonstrated. a survey of the banking concept, storage techniques and storage conditions for 14 selected human and environmental materials in the federal republic of germany is given. this is followed by a description of the banking and analytical facilities of the specimen bank in jülich, and of the sampling and sample preparation performed for marine macroalgae and several terrestrial specimens (carp, mussels, r ...	1982	18963274
clavate cells of epidermis in cyprinus carpio nudus with reference to its defence activity to clonorchis sinensis.		1982	12902691
correspondence of homologies in amino acid sequence and tertiary structure of protein molecules.	according to the method developed previously (kubota, y., takahashi, s., nishikawa, k. and ooi, t. (1981) j. theor, biol. 91, 347-361), homology among proteins may be estimated quantitatively. we extended the method to investigate the relationship of an amino acid sequence to its teritary structure and identify homologous segments which have homologous native conformations in proteins. first, we selected proper indices for the computation of correlation coefficients from 32 properties inherent t ...	1982	6176273
the effect of primary and secondary immunization on the lymphoid tissues of the carp, cyprinus carpio l.	mirror carp immunized with human gamma globulin (hgg) in freund's complete adjuvant (fca) show a proliferative response involving cells whose cytoplasm stains deep red with methyl green-pyronin (pyroninophilic cells). this response occurs particularly in the haemopoietic parenchyma of the pronephros and mesonephros. it peaks at week 3, with the formation of clusters of pyroninophilic cells in the pronephros. immunization with aeromonas salmonicida elicited a less intense pyroninophilic response ...	1982	6177828
localization of immune complexes and heat-aggregated immunoglobulin in the carp cyprinus carpio l.	in carp cyprinus carpio l. preimmunized with a protein antigen, human gamma globulin (hgg), rapid localization of antigen occurred in the splenic ellipsoids within 1 day of a secondary immunization given 8 weeks later. furthermore, after injection of immune complexes or heat-aggregated hgg, antigen was trapped more quickly in the pronephros than when antigen was injected alone. these results support the conclusion that in fish, as in homoiotherms, this form of antigen trapping is antibody-depend ...	1982	6180972
[tolerance induction and production of anti-idiotypic antisera in carp].	tolerance in carps can be induced by intracardial injection of 10-30 mg of ultracentrifuged human gamma globulin (hggu), with strong individual variation being observable. out of 21 carps pretreated with 10 mg hggu, 10 animals showed 14 days after i.p. test immunization with 1 mg hggu a log2 anti-hgg titre of 1.55 +/- 0.60 (control group - log2 7.33 +/- 1.47), while 11 animals exhibited a log2 titre of 7.45 +/- 2.75. low doses of hggu (0.01-1.0 mg) led to stimulation of immune response. if 1-2 m ...	1982	6183853
the photoresponses of structurally identified amacrine cells in the turtle retina.	intracellular recordings were obtained from amacrine cells afterwards identified morphologically by horseradish peroxidase injection. there is a correlation between the time course of the photoresponses and the distribution of the cell processes across the inner plexiform layer (i.p.l.). cells producing the shortest duration, transient 'on-off' photoresponses branched in a single, narrow stratum of the i.p.l. (3-7 microns across). transient photoresponses with a longer time course were recorded ...	1982	6127689
immunoreactive opsin in the pineal organ of reptiles and birds.	the presence of opsin was investigated with light microscopic immunocytochemistry in pinealocytes of reptiles and birds (emys orbicularis, pseudemys scripta elegans, lacerta agilis et viridis, gallus domesticus, columba livia, melopsittacus undulatus, serinus canaria, taeniopyga punctate). the outer segments of pinealocytes selectively bound antiopsin antibody as revealed by indirect immunocytochemical techniques, indicating the occurrence of a rhodopsin-like photopigment in these structures. th ...	1982	6213109
ouabain-insensitive mechanism of cell volume maintenance in the carp kidney.	1) an ouabain-insensitive mechanism of cell volume maintenance, similar to that operating in the kidney tissue of mammals and in epithelial cells of the frog urinary bladder, has been demonstrated in the kidney tissue of carp (cyprinus carpio)--there is no significant swelling even after 4-hour incubation with 10(-4) mol/l-1 ouabain. 2) the mechanism is not affected by 2-hour incubation with sodium in the saline replaced with tris or choline and, unlike in rabbit kidney cortex, cannot be inhibit ...	1982	6214809
[effects of a gonadotropic hormone of teleost fish on the adenylate cyclase of rat ovary and on its stimulation by ovine gonadotropins].	carp gonadotropin (cgth) stimulated adenylate cyclase from 20-24 day old (but not 16-18 day old) rat ovaries; its subunits were inactive. carp gth (but not its subunits) increased the apparent kd for ofsh but not for olh. these results suggest that cgth mainly interacts with fsh sensitive adenylate cyclase-receptor systems, with an efficiency about 6 x 10(3) times lower than ofsh itself.	1982	6220787
electron microscopy of aminergic retinal neurons.	the synaptic connections of the dopaminergic retinal neurons of cynomolgus monkeys and rabbits were studied in the electron microscope. in the cynomolgus monkeys, a labelling method with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine was used, whereas an autoradiographic technique with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and (3h)-dopamine was used in the rabbits. the labelling method with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine altered the normal ultrastructure of the dopaminergic neurons, but their synaptic structures were still easily re ...	1982	6291309
[interaction of spin-labelled phosphatidyl choline with ca-dependent atpase from sarcoplasmic reticulum].	the interaction between 3-acyl-2-(6-doxylpalmitoyl) phosphatidyl choline used as a hydrophobic spin probe and ca2+-dependent atpase from sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes of rabbit and carp white skeletal muscles was studied. the spin label incorporation into atpase preparations was performed at initial steps of atpase isolation by incubating reticulum membranes with the spin probe in the presence of cholic acid. a comparison of the molecular mobility of the probe incorporated into atpase prepara ...	1982	6297625
bioaccumulation of 95mtc in fish and snails.	concentration factors for technetium recommended in radiological assessment models for freshwater biota are default values based on the behavior of iodine in the environment. in this study a small experimental freshwater pond was spiked with 95mtc to obtain data for calculating concentration factors for fish and snails. a model using the pond data was developed to calculate steady-state body burdens for freshwater biota. the concentration factors based on the calculated body burden for carp (cap ...	1982	6896045
isolation and amino acid sequence of urotensin i, a vasoactive and acth-releasing neuropeptide, from the carp (cyprinus carpio) urophysis.	urotensin i (ui), a 41-residue mammalian hypotensive and fish or mammalian corticotropin-releasing peptide, isolated from 0.1 n hci extracts of urophyses of the carp (cyprinus carpio) was purified and the amino acid sequence was determined to be: h-asn-asp-asp-pro-pro-ile-ser-ile-asp-leu-thr-phe-his-leu-leu- arg-asn-met-ile-glu-met-ala-arg-asn-glu-asn-gln-arg-glu-gln-ala-gly-leu-asn-arg-lys-tyr-leu-asp-glu-val-nh2. when the extraction procedure included heating at 100 degrees c for 15 min, ui wa ...	1982	6757895
carp insulin: amino acid sequence, biological activity and structural properties.	the amino acid sequence of insulin of carp (cyprinus carpio) has been determined and correlated with its biological activity in a fat-cell test and its structural properties as measured by circular dichroism and sedimentation analysis. the amino acid sequence of carp insulin displays some unusual features: the b chain is longer at the n terminus by two residues as compared with mammalian insulins and there are substitutions of the charged residues, found in most insulins at positions b21 and b22 ...	1982	7037403
synthesis of diene prostaglandins in freshwater fish.	biosynthesis of pgd2, pge2 and pgf2 alpha in four species of freshwater fish, tilapia mossambica, cyprinus carpio, heteropneustes fossilis and clarius batrachus was studied. both arachidonic acid and pgh2 were used as substrates. when pgh2 replaced arachidonic acid in the enzymic reaction, there was a 3- to 4-fold increase in pge2 synthesis, but no such increase in the synthesis of pgf2 alpha and pgd2 was observed.	1982	6817004
presence of antigen sensitized leukocytes in carp (cyprinus carpio l) following bath immunization against flexibacter columnaris.	bath immunization of carp (cyprinus carpio l) resulted in protection of fish at natural challenge. stimulation of leukocytes derived from thymus, spleen, anterior kidney and mid-kidney of fish immunized with flexibacter columnaris bacterin revealed the presence of antigen sensitized cells in all lymphoid tissues except the anterior kidney. after 28 days a response was obtained in thymus and spleen leukocyte cultures.	1982	6817508
optimization and kinetics of in vitro stimulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) leukocytes.	the optimization of a leukocyte stimulation microassay with carp (cyprinus carpio l.) leukocytes is described. leukocytes were isolated from the thymus, anterior kidney, spleen, mid-kidney and peripheral blood. leukocyte cultures were stimulated with pha-p, lps (escherichia coli 055: b5) pwm, cona and ppd from mycobacterium fortuitum. the optimum incubation temperature for leukocyte cultures differed 3.5 days for leukocyte cultures derived from lymphoid organs and 4.5 days for peripheral blood l ...	1982	7051523
inhibition of cysteine proteinase activity by z-phe-phe-diazomethane and of aspartic proteinase activity by pepstatin in different organs from some animals and isolated cells from rat liver.	two methods have been developed to discriminate simultaneously between the main part of cysteine proteinase activity (cathepsin l) and all aspartic proteinase activity (mainly cathepsin d) in rat organs, using z-phe-phe-chn2 which at 5 mumol/l completely inhibits cathepsin l from rat liver and, on the other hand, pepstatin which at 0.5 mumol/l completely inhibits cathepsin d. substrates are double-labeled cytosol proteins from rat liver at ph 3.0 or azocasein in 3 mol/l urea at ph 5.0. several o ...	1982	7051705
different modes of membrane interactions of the signal sequence of carp preproinsulin and of the insertion sequence of rabbit cytochrome b5.	the signal segment of the secretory protein carp preproinsulin is shown to be bound by a protein receptor present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane. the receptor does not bind the insertion segment of the integral membrane protein cytochrome b5. on the other hand, the insertion sequence, in contrast to the signal sequence, is dissolved into the lipid bilayer of natural and artificial membranes. hydrophobicity or length per se of the two types of peptides cannot be responsible for their ...	1982	7067693
nmr studies on parvalbumin phylogeny and ionic interactions.	the inspection of several muscular parvalbumins from different species by two nmr methods (113cd resonance and 1h relaxation measurements) allows two classes of parvalbumins to be distinguished according to their ion-binding properties. this result is in agreement with the phylogenetic classification of parvalbumins in two series, alpha and beta, which was established on the basis of the primary structures of these proteins. all parvalbumins are characterized by the presence of two primary catio ...	1982	7110122
radioactive deoxyglucose uptake into forelimb muscles in task performing monkeys.	incorporation of [14c]2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dg) into forelimb muscles of task-performing monkeys was studied. extensor muscles of used forelimbs showed a significant increase in 2-dg uptake; they were ext.dig.2nd and 3rd, ext.dig.com., ext.carp.rad. and ext.carp.uln. on the other hand, flexor muscles in the used forelimb did not show such a significant increase in 2-dg uptake. muscles of non-used limbs, flexors or extensors, did not show a significant 2-dg uptake.	1982	7110627
toxic effects of animal manures and sewage sludge as supplementary feeds for the common carp. cyprinus carpio.	activated sludge, chicken manure and pig manure were tested for their toxic effects as supplementary feeds for the common carp, cyprinus carpio. the acute toxicity test showed that animal manures were more toxic than activated sludge (e.g., 96-h lc50 values for pig manure and chicken manure were 0.55% and 0.29%, respectively, while no effective value was revealed for activated sludge). this may be due to the inadequate processing of the manures which resulted in the release of harmful substances ...	1982	7112604
dendritic tree structure and dendritic hypertrophy during growth of the crucian carp eye.	the areas of the ganglion cell dendritic trees were determined in golgi-stained, flatmounted retinas of crucian carp ranging in age from one summer to 7 years. the dendritic trees of small ganglion cells (s-gc), forming the majority of retinal ganglion cells, add new branches as the retina grows. the increase in dendritic tree area exactly compensates for the decrease in ganglion cell density during growth of the eye so that the number of dendritic trees covering a particular point remains const ...	1982	7130457
[familial observation of partial trisomy 6, and probable partial monosomy 18q by parental translocation].	partial trisomy 6q (6q23 leads to qter), resulting from a non-balanced translocation 6/18, was detected in a child and his paternal uncle. features of note in the uncle included micrognathia, scoliosis and mild mental retardation. the child presented a moderate hypertelorism, a flat nose bridge, carp-shaped mouth and minimal cutaneous syndactyly of the 2nd-3rd toes. these clinical signs have also been mentioned in the few cases of partial trisomy 6q described in the literature. in addition, our ...	1982	7130955
studies on hemoglobin intermediates. a new method for studying the reaction of hb4(co)3 with co in human, carp, rabbit and opossum hemoglobin.		1982	7131556
[sarcolemmic membrane of various species: data on its enzymatic characterization and chemical composition].	a sarcolemmal enriched fraction, f1, was obtained from the skeletal muscle of rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus l.), hamster (mesocricetus auratus wateth.), chicken (gallus gallus l.), frog (rana ridibunda seoane), young carp (carassius carassius l.) and the marine crab (carcinus maenas l.). in this fraction, 5'-nucleotidase and na+ + k+-atpase (as membrane markers) showed higher specific activities than in the three other fractions separated after centrifugation in a discontinuous sucrose gradient; ...	1982	7146587
detection and localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases in the digestive system of the adult catla catla (hamilton), an indian freshwater major carp by histochemical methods.	the localization and distribution of alkaline phosphatase (alpase) and acid phosphatase (acpase) in the various regions of the alimentary canal viz., buccopharynx, oesophagus, intestine, rectum and hepatopancreas of adult catla catla have been studied by employing various histochemical techniques. alpase activity was recorded in the various regions of the alimentary canal in the present study although its intensity of localization and distribution varies greatly. the highest alpase activity was ...	1982	7152228
sphaerospora renicola n.sp., a myxosporean from carp kidney, and its pathogenicity.	sphaerospora renicola n.sp. is a common parasite of carp in czechoslovakia. its life cycle involves intracellular stages in the epithelial cells of renal tubuli and trophozoite stages proliferating in the tubular lumen, transforming ultimately into pansporoblasts, each having one pansporoblast nucleus and producing two spores. the spores are almost globular with an average size of 7.3 x 7.2 microns, with polar capsules of equal size, and may have two slightly protruding tubercles on their shell ...	1982	7157939
biology and histopathology of thelohanellus nikolskii achmerov, 1955 (myxosporea, myxozoa), a protozoan parasite of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	thelohanellus nikolskii, a myxosporean originating from the far east, arrived in hungary through natural waters from neighbouring countries which it had originally reached because of the introduction of the amur wild carp. t. nikolskii is a specific parasite of carp which produces large cysts on the fins of fry. the cysts usually appear on the fish at the beginning of july, and in august and september cysts containing the mature spores burst. the cysts are easily seen even by the naked eye and a ...	1982	7157940
[the oncomiricidium of diplozoon nipponicum goto, 1891. a new type of larval haptor for the genus diplozoon (monogenea, discocotylidae)].	diplozoon nipponicum goto 1891, a branchial parasite of cyprinus carpio is mentioned for the first time in france and western europe. carps, along with their monogenea, were introduced from hungary. after being obtained experimentally, the oncomiracidium is thoroughly studied (excretory system, ciliated cells, chaetotaxy, haptor). a new haptor for the genus diplozoon is described: two pairs of larval lateral hooklets are present. the taxonomic and phylogenic implications of these observations ar ...	1982	7168525
biochemical compartmentation of fish tissues. hexokinase in the brain.	differential distribution of gross, particulate and soluble forms of hexokinase in the cerebrum, cerebellum, pituitary, hypothalamus and thalamus and medulla oblongata was studied in 9 inland teleosts of different phylogenetic age to clarify the compartmentation of glucose metabolism. enzyme activity (gross) was maximum in the cerebrum and minimum in the medulla oblongata, suggesting that glucose metabolism is more intensive in the former structure. the activity in the particulate fraction was h ...	1982	7187168
trisomy 6qter.	a previously reported patient with trisomy for the distal part of 6q was shown by r-banding to be trisomic for 6q26qter, due to a t(6;22)(q26;p12) mat. altogether nine patients with 6qter trisomy have been reported. the main features of the 6qter trisomy syndrome are: severe mental and growth retardation; acrocephaly and brachycephaly; a carp-shaped mouth; micrognathia; a very short neck with unusual anterior webbing; joint contractures; the absence of severe inner organ malformations; and survi ...	1981	7273465
stimulation of transcription by s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine and virion-encapsidated methyl donor in spring viraemia of carp virus.	s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam), a methyl donor, and its analogue s-adenyl-l-homocysteine (sah), an inhibitor of methylation, stimulate the activity of spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) virion transcriptase. the stimulation observed for svcv is analogous to that observed previously (furuichi, 1974, 1978) for a totally unrelated virus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv). in the absence of exogenous sam, rna with 5'-methylated termini (presumptive gpppampap) was produced, indicating that svcv h ...	1981	7276915
aporphines. 34. (-)-2,10,11-trihydroxy-n-n-propylnoraporphine, a novel dopaminergic aporphine alkaloid with anticonvulsant activity.	(-)-2,10,11-trihydroxy-n-n-propylnoraporphine (tnpa,2c) has been synthesized from thebaine (3a), via northebaine (3b), normorphothebaine (2a), and alkylation to the n-propyl derivative 2b. o-demethylation gave the desired product 2c. compound 2c showed activity comparable to its 10,11-dihyroxy counterpart (npa, 1b) on the stimulation of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in carp retinal homogenates. the evaluation of 2c on audiogenic seizures in mice, in the protection against paroxysimal eeg ...	1981	7277402
[effect of lutropins on oocyte maturation and ovulation in various carp-like fishes in vitro and in vivo].	the study of biological effect of lh and iso-lh isolated from the hypophyses of higher vertebrates on two zoons of carp-like lower vertebrates, has shown that both preparations injected in vivo induce maturation of female loaches, while in the carp, iso-lh stimulates fish maturation and lh single and/or repeated doses (2-3 injections) do not provoke female maturation. both preparations in vitro stimulate the maturation process and the loach oocyte ovulation, but the character of this effect is d ...	1981	7291144
isolation and characterization of gonadotropin isohormones from the pituitary gland of pike eel (muraenesox cinereus).	pike eel gonadotropins were isolated from pituitary glands by 40% alcohol-6% ammonium acetate, ph 5.1 extraction and were purified by deae-cellulose chromatography and electrophoresis into four electrophoretically homogeneous forms. these four isohormones were biologically identified as gonadotropins by the stimulation of 32 p-uptake in 1 day-old chick testes, by the induction of ovulation in catfish, and by the in vitro production of testosterone from isolated rat leydig cells and of androgen f ...	1981	7309369
ionic mechanisms of two types of on-center bipolar cells in the carp retina. ii. the responses to annular illumination.	on-center bipolar cells in the dark-adapted carp retina were divided into four types (a, b, c, and d) on the basis of response wave forms, spectral response properties, and electrical membrane properties. type a and b cells responded to a spot of light with a transient depolarization followed by a plateau, whereas the response of type c and d cells were approximately rectangular in shape. the center and surround responses of type a cells had maximum spectral response of approximately 525 nm in t ...	1981	7310376
[etiology of erythrodermatitis of the carp].		1981	7324642
separating monosomy-21 from the "arthrogryposis basket".	an infant with monosomy-21 lived for 20 minutes. the clinical and radiologic findings suggested arthrogryposis, infants with monosomy-21 have severe intrauterine growth retardation, failure to thrive, arthrogryposis-like findings with restriction of joint mobility, often with joint dislocations, and flexion deformities and malposition of the fingers and toes. features which help to distinguish it from arthrogryposis include a rather specific craniofacial configuration with a broad base of the no ...	1981	7328100
a bacterial disease of perch (perca fluviatilis l.) in an alpine lake: isolation and preliminary study of the causative organism.	an epizootic among perch (perca fluviatilis l.) occurred during the summer and fall of 1979 in an alpine lake (lake annecy, haute-savoie) in france. hemorrhagic and ulcerative clinical signs were associated with the height of the mortality. a gram-negative, non-motile, slow-growing bacterium was isolated from skin lesions is diseased fish. aeromonas hydrophila often was present. since the nonmotile bacterium was suspected to be the etiological agent, its characteristics and pathogenicity were de ...	1981	7338972
[histopathological changes and localization of tapeworm khawia sinensis in the intestine of carps (cyprinus carpio l.)].		1981	7345743
[electrophoretic examination of the serum of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) infected with the tapeworm caryophyllaeus sp].		1981	7345745
[aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity in the alimentary tract of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) infected with tapeworms bothriocephalus gowkongensis yeh, 1955 or khawia sinensis hsü, 1935].		1981	7345746
[subunits of lutropins: an intrinsic gonadotropic activity of alpha and the role of beta in the determination of the zoological specificity of action].	pieces of eel ovary were incubated in presence of various gonadotropic hormones or their subunits (alpha, beta) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate tissue concentration was measured. carp gonadotropin (c-gth) and a hybrid (bovine lutropin alpha-c-gth beta) exhibited a very similar, intense, dose-dependent activity in the range 0.002-1 microgram/ml. mammalian lutropins (lh) and their subunits became active in the range 1-100 microgram/ml: a strong stimulation (#30x) was attained with bovine lh alp ...	1981	6263510
detection of a monoclonal human myeloma protein of igm and igg class by carp anti-idiotypic sera.	in the patient st. with a morbus waldenström macroglobulinemia a double paraproteinemia could be detected. besides the igm myeloma protein an igg myeloma protein was identified during the clinical course. a strong cross reactivity between the igm and the igg myeloma proteins was shown using anti-idiotypic antisera. this is an indirect indication for a common precursor cell clone of the igm- and igg-myeloma protein producing cells. the anti-idiotypic antisera were made in carp. the high specifici ...	1981	6798794
partial monosomy of the long arm of chromosome 11 in a severely affected child.	a white female infant affected with deletion of the terminal end of the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q-) is presented. the clinical features--including trigonocephaly, epicanthal folds, coloboma of iris, prominent occiput, dysplastic ears, carp-shaped mouth, micrognathia, pectus excavalum single umbilical artery, anorectal malformation, dysplastic fifth fingers, hypoplastic nails, simian creases, hydronephrotic multicystic kidney, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and congenital heart anomalies--ar ...	1981	6971620
enzymatic reduction of oxidized alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor restores biological activity.	the major serum inhibitor of proteolytic activity, alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-pi), (or alpha-1-antitrypsin) can be readily inactivated by oxidation [carp, h. & janoff, a. (1978) am. rev. resp. dis. 118, 617-621]. this inactivation appears to be due to the oxidation of a critical methionine(s) in alpha-1-pi that is required for the inhibition of elastase activity. an enzyme from escherichia coli that reduces methionine sulfoxide residues in protein [brot, n., weissbach, l., werth, j. & ...	1981	7038679
the immune system of cyprinid fish. oxytetracycline and the regulation of humoral immunity in carp (cyprinus carpio).	the antibiotic oxytetracycline (oxytc) was administered either by mixing with food or by intraperitoneal injections. on oxytc treated animals decreased serum immunoglobulin levels were found. the primary anti-sheep red blood cells (srbc) response was measured by enumerating plaque forming cells (pfc). it was observed that the pfc response was depressed by 80-95% in oxytc treated animals. when an anti-srbc serum was injected together with srbc the immunosuppressive effect of oxytc was absent. a s ...	1981	7046213
intracellular compartmentation and secretion of carp proinsulin synthesized in xenopus oocytes.	carp proinsulin and rabbit globin, synthesized in xenopus oocytes in response to simultaneously injected mrnas, are found in membrane vesicles and in the cytosol respectively. after 24 h of incubation labeled proinsulin, but not globin, is found also in the medium, indicating specific secretion from the oocytes. no insulin could be found either within or outside the oocytes. the results provide further evidence that the mrna for a given protein contains the information for its intracellular dest ...	1981	7238527
phosphoproteins of spring viremia of carp virus.		1981	7245617
synthesis of capped and uncapped methylated oligonucleotides by the virion transcriptase of spring viremia of carp virus, a rhabdovirus.	capped and uncapped methylated oligonucleotides, five and six nucleotides in length, were synthesized in vitro in spring viremia of carp virus transcription reaction mixtures containing atp + ctp, atp + ctp + gtp, or atp + ctp + utp, but not in any other combinations of two or three ribonucleoside triphosphates. the oligonucleotides that have been characterized are consistent with the structures: m7gpppampnpcpnpn, gpppampnpcpnpn, pppampnpcpnpn, and ppampnpcpnpn--i.e., similar to those of the ter ...	1981	6946423
calcium-dependent interaction of s100b, troponin c, and calmodulin with an immobilized phenothiazine.	we have purified the brain-specific protein s100b by affinity-based adsorption chromatography on phenothiazine-sepharose conjugates and studied the interaction of this and other calcium-modulated proteins with the immobilized antipsychotic drug. bovine brain calmodulin, rabbit skeletal muscle troponin c, and bovine brain s100b bind to phenothiazine-sepharose in a calcium-dependent manner. these three proteins competitively inhibit the calcium-dependent binding of 125i-labeled chicken gizzard cal ...	1981	6947252
light- and electron-microscopic demonstration of immunoreactive opsin in the pinealocytes of various vertebrates.	an antibody to opsin isolated from rod outer segments of the frog retina was applied in light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical studies to the pineal organ of various vertebrates (cyprinus carpio, carassius auratus, rana esculenta, emys orbicularis, pseudemys scripta elegans, lacerta agilis and viridis. gallus domesticus, columba livia, melopsittacus undulatus, serinus canaria, taeniopyga punctata, didelphis virginiana, erinaceus roumanicus, myotis myotis, rabbit, rat, cat).	1981	6458362
substance p activity in the bullfrog retina: localization and identification in several vertebrate species.	immunoreactive substance p is present in the bullfrog retina, possibly in two types of stratified amacrine cells, with their somas in the inner nuclear layer and their neuronal processes entering the inner plexiform layer and ramifying in sublayers 3 or 4 (or both). occasionally, polygonal somas positive for substance p were found in the ganglion cell layer. approximately 75 percent of the cell bodies positive for substance p and 65 percent of the radioimmunoassayable substance p were found in t ...	1981	6165081
the effect of temperature on the inhibition of trout, carp and human red cell hexokinase by triethyltin bromide.		1981	6118226
l-aspartate: evidence for a role in cone photoreceptor synaptic transmission in the carp retina.	a number of putative neurotransmitter substances and their antagonists were applied to the carp retina while intracellular recordings from l-type cone horizontal cells were made. of all the substances tested, l-aspartate was found to be the most potent agent in depolarizing these horizontal cells in dark-adapted, partially light-adapted, and co2+-treated retinas. furthermore, dl-alpha-aminoadipate, an l-aspartate antagonist, blocked the effects of both the endogenous photoreceptor transmitter an ...	1981	217017
fine structure and metabolism of multiply innervated fast muscle fibres in teleost fish.	both the fast and slow muscle fibres of advanced teleost fish are multiply innervated. the fraction of slow-fibre volume occupied by mitochondria is 31.3%, 25.5%, and 24.6%, respectively, for the myotomal muscles of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), crucian carp (carassius carassius), and plaice (pleuronectes platessa), respectively. the corresponding figures for the fast muscles of these species are 9.3%, 4.6% and 2.0%, respectively. cytochrome-oxidase and citrate-synthetase activities in th ...	1981	7285101
anatomy of respiratory rhythmic systems in brain stem and cerebellum of the carp.	the afferent and efferent connections of two respiratory rhythmic loci in the dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum were studied by retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. the injection areas were determined with extracellular activity recording using hrp filled glass micropipettes, and then followed by electrical stimulation and subsequent iontophoretic hrp delivery. one area in the nucleus of the posterior commissure was found to be optic related respiratory in nature and poss ...	1981	7317791
factors influencing dieldrin and ddt residues in carp from the des moines river, iowa, 1977-80.	concentrations of dieldrin and ddt in muscle tissue and fat of carp, cyprinus carpio, from the des moines river, iowa, differed significantly with month of collection, fish age, and sampling location. pesticide levels expressed on the basis of wet weight of flesh often differed from those expressed on a fat basis. fish from reservoirs tended to have higher levels of dieldrin, but not of ddt, than did fish from riverine locations.	1981	7348795
oxygen transport and acid-base balance in the blood of the sheatfish, silurus glanis.	oxygen binding and buffer properties of the blood of the sheatfish, silurus glanis, were investigated in vitro at 20 and 10 degrees c. the o2 binding curves were hyperbolic with p50 = 10.1 mm hg (20 degrees c, ph = 7.5) and 4.6 (10 degrees c, ph = 7.5). there was a very large bohr effect with an average delta log p 50/delta ph of - 1.14. at 20 degrees c this value tended to be higher than at 10 degrees c. as a consequence the apparent heat of oxygenation depended on ph. the mean value of delta h ...	1981	6798660
isolated horizontal cells from carp retina demonstrate dopamine-dependent accumulation of cyclic amp.	horizontal cells of the carp retina were separated from other retinal cell types by using enzymatic dissociation and velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. fractions containing horizontal cells were tested for their ability to accumulate cyclic amp in the presence of various putative neurotransmitters. micromolar concentrations of dopamine, when added in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, stimulated cyclic amp accumulation in these isolated cells. the dopamine-dependent accumulation o ...	1981	6278491
inhibition of tyrosine aminotransferase activity during severe hypoxic stress in a fish cyprinus carpio.		1981	6120892
long-lasting evoked potential and repetitive firing recorded from the carp optic tectum in cl-deficient medium in vitro.	evoked potentials of the carp optic tectum following optic tract stimulation were examined in vitro. when the standard medium was replaced by cl-deficient medium, the amplitude of the potential was augmented and the time course was prolonged. following these changes, a long-lasting negative potential appeared in the deep layers. the involvement of a reverberating circuit is discussed.	1981	7306799
separation of subunits of pike eel gonadotropin by hydrophobic interaction chromatography.	subunits of pike eel gonadotropin were dissociated in propionic acid and separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-sepharose cl-4b with a high yield (79%). isolated subunits were homogeneous, as tested by sodium dodecyl sulphate disc electrophoresis and by n-terminal analysis. the biological activities of two subunits, s-i and s-ii, were 0% and 2.8% of native molecule, respectively, as assayed by stimulation of androgen production on carp testes. reassociated molecules restor ...	1981	7198649
afferent and efferent connections of the optic tectum in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the afferent and efferent connections of the tectum opticum in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were studied with the hrp method. following iontophoretic peroxidase injections in several parts of the tectum anterograde transport of the enzyme revealed tectal projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus, dorsal tegmentum, pretectal nuclei, nucleus rotundus, torus longitudinalis, torus semicircularis, nucleus isthmi, contralateral tectum and to the mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formations. tect ...	1981	6168333