Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| shadow of fear. | 2001 | 11682911 | |
| anthrax. deadly delivery. | 2001 | 11682912 | |
| a new state of fear. | 2001 | 11682956 | |
| protecting yourself. | 2001 | 11682958 | |
| bioterrorism: safeguarding the public's health. | 2001 | 11684202 | |
| update: investigation of anthrax associated with intentional exposure and interim public health guidelines, october 2001. | on october 4, 2001, cdc and state and local public health authorities reported a case of inhalational anthrax in florida. additional cases of anthrax subsequently have been reported from florida and new york city. this report updates the findings of these case investigations, which indicate that infections were caused by the intentional release of bacillus anthracis. this report also includes interim guidelines for postexposure prophylaxis for prevention of inhalational anthrax and other informa ... | 2001 | 11686472 |
| recognition of illness associated with the intentional release of a biologic agent. | on september 11, 2001, following the terrorist incidents in new york city and washington, d.c., cdc recommended heightened surveillance for any unusual disease occurrence or increased numbers of illnesses that might be associated with the terrorist attacks. subsequently, cases of anthrax in florida and new york city have demonstrated the risks associated with intentional release of biologic agents. this report provides guidance for health-care providers and public health personnel about recogniz ... | 2001 | 11686473 |
| post-exposure anthrax prophylaxis. | 2001 | 11689760 | |
| us expands anti-bioterrorist measures. | 2001 | 11689831 | |
| a battle cry for biomedicine. | 2001 | 11689860 | |
| bioterrorism threat becomes reality. | 2001 | 11689863 | |
| crackdown on hazardous agents raises concern for bona fide labs. | 2001 | 11689899 | |
| science marshalled to cut bioterror confusion. | 2001 | 11689904 | |
| prophylactic treatment of anthrax with antibiotics. | 2001 | 11691746 | |
| how anthrax gets a grip on cells. | 2001 | 11691752 | |
| toll of anthrax cases reaches 15. | 2001 | 11691753 | |
| bayer cuts price of ciprofloxacin after bush threatens to buy generics. | 2001 | 11691754 | |
| anthrax, united states of america (update). | 2001 | 11697083 | |
| homeland insecurity. | 2001 | 11699131 | |
| a dose of reality for the health watchdogs. | 2001 | 11699134 | |
| be a patriot. don't hoard cipro! | 2001 | 11699135 | |
| perspectives. terrorism event no time to be learning on the job. | 2001 | 11699157 | |
| tools of mass distraction. | 2001 | 11699228 | |
| a no-show vaccine--for a mere $126 million. deal? | 2001 | 11699229 | |
| confusion in spades. the anthrax scares reveal a public-health system in disarray. | 2001 | 11699231 | |
| war on terror: biochem. tracking anthrax. | 2001 | 11699428 | |
| war on terror. epidemic threats. | 2001 | 11699429 | |
| attempts to stem anthrax fears stumble. | 2001 | 11699540 | |
| update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, october 2001. | since october 3, 2001, cdc and state and local public health authorities have been investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. this report updates previous findings, provides new information on case investigations in two additional areas, presents the susceptibility patterns of bacillus anthracis isolates, and provides interim recommendations for managing potential threats and exposures and for treating anthrax. | 2001 | 11699843 |
| universities address mail security as anthrax fears rise. | 2001 | 11700511 | |
| tackling anthrax. | 2001 | 11700539 | |
| identification of the cellular receptor for anthrax toxin. | the tripartite toxin secreted by bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, helps the bacterium evade the immune system and can kill the host during a systemic infection. two components of the toxin enzymatically modify substrates within the cytosol of mammalian cells: oedema factor (of) is an adenylate cyclase that impairs host defences through a variety of mechanisms including inhibiting phagocytosis; lethal factor (lf) is a zinc-dependent protease that cleaves mitogen-activated prote ... | 2001 | 11700562 |
| crystal structure of the anthrax lethal factor. | lethal factor (lf) is a protein (relative molecular mass 90,000) that is critical in the pathogenesis of anthrax. it is a highly specific protease that cleaves members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (mapkk) family near to their amino termini, leading to the inhibition of one or more signalling pathways. here we describe the crystal structure of lf and its complex with the n terminus of mapkk-2. lf comprises four domains: domain i binds the membrane-translocating component of anth ... | 2001 | 11700563 |
| counterterrorism. u.s. enlists researchers as fight widens against bioterrorism. | 2001 | 11701894 | |
| anthrax. biodefense hampered by inadequate tests. | 2001 | 11701907 | |
| chemistry. nota bene: know thine enemy. | 2001 | 11701920 | |
| anthrax. | 2001 | 11702421 | |
| experts doubts us is ready for biowarfare attack. | 2001 | 11702725 | |
| cutaneous bacillus anthracis infection. | 2001 | 11704683 | |
| images in clinical medicine. cutaneous anthrax infection. | 2001 | 11704684 | |
| index case of fatal inhalational anthrax due to bioterrorism in the united states. | 2001 | 11704685 | |
| recognition and management of anthrax--an update. | 2001 | 11704686 | |
| risk of deliberately induced anthrax outbreak. | 2001 | 11705480 | |
| letter in pakistan tests positive for anthrax spores. | 2001 | 11705501 | |
| us anthrax scares prompt action on bioterrorism. | 2001 | 11705502 | |
| anthrax in usa--attacks "deadly but treatable". | 2001 | 11705575 | |
| pediatric implications in bioterrorism part ii: postexposure diagnosis and treatment. | bioterrorism is an old tactic used in warfare. the use of fatal diseases or man-made poisons to subdue others has not been limited to wartime. trauma personnel should be aware of commonly used agents, the signs and symptoms of their exposure, and recommended treatment. children can be victims of terrorists' acts and need special attention because of their unique response to exposure, varying dosages of medications, and lack of active immunity. | 2001 | 11707769 |
| update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax. | since october 3, 2001, cdc and state and local public health authorities have been investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. this report updates findings as of october 31, and includes interim guidelines for the clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax. a total of 21 cases (16 confirmed and five suspected) of bioterrorism-related anthrax have been reported among persons who worked in the district of columbia, florida, new jersey, and new york city (figure 1). until the sou ... | 2001 | 11708591 |
| updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to bacillus anthracis. | the antimicrobial of choice for initial prophylactic therapy among asymptomatic pregnant women exposed to bacillus anthracis is ciprofloxacin, 500 mg twice a day for 60 days. in instances in which the specific b. anthracis strain has been shown to be penicillin-sensitive, prophylactic therapy with amoxicillin, 500 mg three times a day for 60 days, may be considered. isolates of b. anthracis implicated in the current bioterrorist attacks are susceptible to penicillin in laboratory tests, but may ... | 2001 | 11708594 |
| interim recommendations for protecting workers from exposure to bacillus anthracis in work sites in which mail is handled or processed. | cdc has developed interim recommendations to assist personnel responsible for occupational health and safety in developing a comprehensive program to reduce potential cutaneous or inhalational exposures to bacillus anthracis spores among workers in work sites in which mail is handled or processed. such work sites include post offices, mail distribution/handling centers, bulk mail centers, air mail facilities, priority mail processing centers, public and private mail rooms, and other settings in ... | 2001 | 11708595 |
| the hunt for the anthrax killers. | 2001 | 11710155 | |
| protecting america. the top 10 priorities. | 2001 | 11710159 | |
| 'i need scientists!'. | 2001 | 11710160 | |
| anthrax nation. | 2001 | 11710268 | |
| into the zone of the unknown. it's been the blind leading the blind through the maze of anthrax. | 2001 | 11710269 | |
| what you should know. confusion about anthrax and what to do about it abounds; here are answers, straight and up to date. | 2001 | 11710270 | |
| see this goop? it kills anthrax. | 2001 | 11710273 | |
| scientists against biological weapons. | 2001 | 11711640 | |
| bioterrorism. labs tighten security, regardless of need. | 2001 | 11711648 | |
| anthrax battle continues; office of public health preparedness emerges. | 2001 | 11713771 | |
| macrophage-derived cell lines do not express proinflammatory cytokines after exposure to bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. | we present evidence that bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (lt) suppresses rather than induces proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. suppression is observed with extremely low levels of lt and involves inhibition of transcription of cytokine messenger rna. thus, lt may contribute to anthrax pathogenesis by suppressing the inflammatory response. | 2001 | 11160016 |
| the mammalian safety of bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides. | the united states environmental protection agency between the years 1961 and 1995 registered 177 products containing viable bacillus thuringiensis (bt). numerous laboratory studies have demonstrated that bt and bt products are noninfectious and are toxic to mammals only at a dose > or =10(8) colony forming units (cfu) per mouse (a human equivalent based on the weight of >10(11) cfu). in contrast, as few as three vegetative cells of bacillus anthracis can kill mice (a human equivalent of >10(3) c ... | 2001 | 11161988 |
| involvement of residues 147vyyeigk153 in binding of lethal factor to protective antigen of bacillus anthracis. | anthrax toxin is a complex of protective antigen (pa, 735 aa), lethal factor (lf, 776 aa), and edema factor (ef, 767 aa). pa binds to cell surface receptors and is cleaved by cell surface proteases into pa63, while lf and ef compete for binding to pa63. the pa63-lf/ef complex is internalized into the cytosol and causes different pathogenic responses in animals and cultured cells. 1-300 amino acid residues of lf have been viewed as the region responsible for the high affinity binding of lf to pa. ... | 2001 | 11162493 |
| use of live bacterial vaccine vectors for antigen delivery: potential and limitations. | most infectious agents are restricted to the mucosal membranes or their transit through the mucosa constitutes a critical step in the infection process. therefore, the elicitation of an efficient immune response, not only at systemic, but also at mucosal level, after vaccination is highly desirable, representing a significant advantage in order to prevent infection. this goal can be only achieved, when the vaccine formulation is administered by the mucosal route. however, soluble antigens given ... | 2001 | 11166877 |
| risks and prevention of nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases. | americans are increasingly exposed to exotic zoonotic diseases through travel, contact with exotic pets, occupational exposure, and leisure pursuits. appropriate isolation precautions are required to prevent nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases for which person-to-person transmission has been documented. this minireview provides guidelines for the isolation of patients and management of staff exposed to the following infectious diseases with documented person-to-person transmission: ... | 2001 | 11170953 |
| bacillus anthracis, a bug with attitude! | the sequencing of the bacillus anthracis genome and virulence plasmids represents the greatest advance in anthrax research in the past 100 years. the data will provide the foundation of all future work on this organism and will be invaluable to researchers in their battle to understand the basis of the host-microbe interaction. | 2001 | 11173038 |
| trp 346 and leu 352 residues in protective antigen are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity. | the three separate proteins that make up anthrax toxin-protective antigen (pa), edema factor (ef) and lethal factor (lf) act in binary combinations to produce two distinct reactions in experimental animals: edema (pa+ef) and death (pa+lf). pa is believed to interact with a membrane receptor and, after proteolytic processing, to mediate endocytosis and subsequent translocation of ef or lf into the cytosol. residues w346, m350, and l352 in loop 3 of domain 2 have been implicated to induce a confor ... | 2001 | 11178978 |
| biological consequences of multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine pretreatment in the guinea pig. | an investigation of the possible interactions between combinations of vaccines and pyridostigmine bromide (pb) has been undertaken in the guinea pig. this study is part of a research programme funded by the uk government to determine any effects of the pretreatment regimes given to uk forces during the persian gulf conflict of 1990-1991. the study was designed to simulate pb administration and to model multiple vaccination protocols that were experienced by uk forces, modelling a "worst case" si ... | 2001 | 11180281 |
| anthrax: factsheet. | 2001 | 12105641 | |
| terrorism response resources for clinicians. | 2001 | 12080532 | |
| bioterrorism. | 2001 | 12035346 | |
| [anthrax]. | 2001 | 11980392 | |
| bacterial skin infections in a tropical environment. | the subject of bacterial skin infection in the tropics has shown some significant advances in the past few years, although it is still relatively understudied. of special interest is the emerging concern about the public health aspects of pyoderma, either primary or secondary to scabies, in developing countries. in addition, certain more unusual agents, such as bacillus anthracis and corynebacterium diphtheriae, continue to cause significant problems in some areas, while incidence of other tropi ... | 2001 | 11979120 |
| anthrax the facts. | 2001 | 11974775 | |
| need to know basis. | 2001 | 11974821 | |
| just an accident waiting to happen. | 2001 | 11966075 | |
| nhs staff given advice on treating anthrax patients. | 2001 | 11966091 | |
| anthrax. when immunity may not be safe. | 2001 | 11966151 | |
| [anthrax]. | 2001 | 11908180 | |
| [anthrax. the pathogen, the disease picture and possible use as a biological weapon]. | 2001 | 11910856 | |
| isolation, purification and partial chemical characterization of a lethal factor from common indian toad (bufo melanostictus, schneider) skin extract. | indian toad (bufo melanostictus, schneider) skin extract (tse) is pharmacologically potent and probably contains several bioactive compounds [das et. al., indian j pharmacol, 28 (1996) 72]. a lethal factor was isolated and purified by neutral alumina column chromatography followed by hplc. spectroscopic (uv, ir, fab-mass) study indicated that the lethal factor (tse-lf) was a 254 da long chain compound with carbonyl, hydroxyl and ester as functional groups. ld50 of tse-lf was found to be 3.5 mg/k ... | 2001 | 12018580 |
| anthrax and anthrax anxiety: sverdlovsk revisited. | 2001 | 11962347 | |
| anthrax meningitis: case report. | 2001 | 11953221 | |
| [the return of anthrax: "the evil spirit is out of the bottle"]. | 2001 | 11928599 | |
| bioterrorism: introduction and major agents. | 2001 | 11930512 | |
| inhalational anthrax: threat, clinical presentation, and treatment. | to provide nurse practitioners (nps) with a basic understanding of clinical presentation, transmission, diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and post-exposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax. | 2001 | 11930529 |
| louis pasteur's beer of revenge. | although by the mid-nineteenth century evidence existed for an association between micoorganisms and disease, it was the combined efforts of louis pasteur and robert koch that created the germ theory of disease--the theory that specific microbes cause specific diseases. surprisingly, the relationship between the two founders of microbiology and immunology was far from friendly. | 2001 | 11905832 |
| bioterrorism preparedness and response in european public health institutes. | the terrorist attacks on 11 september 2001 and the deliberate release of anthrax in the united states had consequences for public health not only there, but also in europe. europe's public health systems had to manage numerous postal materials possibly contaminated with anthrax. our survey aimed to document the response of european public health institutes to recent bioterrorist events to identify the gaps that need to be addressed; 18 institutes from 16 countries participated in this euroroundu ... | 2001 | 11891386 |
| deliberate releases of biological agents: initial lessons for europe from events in the united states. | the experience of autumn 2001, when anthrax spores were released in the postal system, had considerable consequences in the united states and in europe. the threat of covert deliberate releases against civilians has become a reality. in europe, despite the growing number of criminal hoaxes, no cases of anthrax linked to deliberate releases have been reported, and the only contaminated letters were addressed to american embassies abroad. nevertheless, the time has come for europe to set up effici ... | 2001 | 11891387 |
| [bacillus anthracis: causative agent of anthrax]. | anthrax, an acute infectious disease of historical importance, is once again regaining interest with its use as a biological weapon. it is caused by b. anthracis, a gram positive spore forming rod usually surrounded by a capsule and producing toxin. it occurs most frequently as an epizootic or enzootic disease of herbivores that acquire spores form direct contact with contaminated soil. spores can survive for many years in soil. animal vaccination programs have reduced drastically the disease in ... | 2001 | 11892436 |
| the plain lawyer's guide to bioterrorism. | 2001 | 11887760 | |
| the incompatibility between the plcr- and atxa-controlled regulons may have selected a nonsense mutation in bacillus anthracis. | bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are members of the bacillus cereus group. these bacteria express virulence in diverse ways in mammals and insects. the pathogenic properties of b. cereus and b. thuringiensis in mammals results largely from the secretion of non-specific toxins, including haemolysins, the production of which depends upon a pleiotropic activator plcr. in b. anthracis, plcr is inactive because of a nonsense mutation in the plcr gene. this suggests that ... | 2001 | 11886551 |
| responding to anthrax. | 2001 | 11885187 | |
| anthrax attack in the usa. | 2001 | 11871791 | |
| anthrax and other microbial threats. | 2001 | 11852629 | |
| [anthrax as biological weapon]. | 2001 | 11826774 | |
| [anthrax]. | anthrax is a serious bacterial infection sustained by bacillus anthracis and occurring in most mammals, especially grazing herbivors, but it can also involve humans when bacterial endospores enter the body through abrasions in the skin or by inhalation or ingestion. human disease results from contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products, while there are no known cases of human-to-human transmission. the most common form of human anthrax is the cutaneous infection, usually curabl ... | 2001 | 11822090 |
| war against anthrax. | 2001 | 11844866 | |
| [bioterrorism: a new problem of public health]. | 2001 | 11816235 | |
| [the abcs on anthrax for health personnel]. | the purpose of this series of articles is to present to health personnel an updated summary on bioterrorism associated agents. in this first article an updated summary on anthrax is presented. emphasis has been placed on the characteristics of cases which occurred during october in the united states of america and on the experience of governmental agencies of that country to face the emergency. measures implemented in mexico are described as well. the authors are convinced that the best arm agai ... | 2001 | 11816237 |