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loss of flagellum-based motility by listeria monocytogenes results in formation of hyperbiofilms.biofilm formation by the gram-positive, motile, food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes was demonstrated to occur by an ordered series of stages. biofilm development involves flagellum-based motility, which when blocked decreases initial bacterial surface attachment but subsequently leads to the formation of hyperbiofilms, surface-attached communities reaching high density.200818586947
differences in survival among 13 listeria monocytogenes strains in a dynamic model of the stomach and small intestine.thirteen listeria monocytogenes strains were compared for the ability to survive in a dynamic gastrointestinal model. strains displayed various degrees of susceptibility to gastric acidity; however, strain-to-strain variations became evident mainly after 90 min of exposure (ph 2.0). cell levels transferred to the intestine depended on initial populations, while reductions during intestinal exposure were relatively small for all strains.200818586963
[analysis of antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne listeria monocytogenes in china].to study the antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne listeria monocytogenes in china.200818589603
acid and nacl limits to growth of listeria monocytogenes and influence of sequence of inimical acid and nacl levels on inactivation kinetics.variability in growth limits of listeria monocytogenes in response to low ph (adjusted with hcl) or high salinity (nacl) was evaluated for 127 strains in brain heart infusion broth at 25 degrees c. over 95% of strains habituated at ph 5.0 grew subsequently at ph 4.2, while 25% were able to grow at ph 4.1. more than 85% of strains preadapted to growth at 8.5% nacl (wt/vol) subsequently grew in the presence of 11.3% nacl, while 25% were able to grow at 13% nacl, and 4.7% grew in the presence of 13 ...200818592742
identification and characterization of enterococcus spp. in greek spontaneous sausage fermentation.a total of 108 enterococcal strains previously isolated from spontaneously fermented sausages were identified using phenotypic traits, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene. the proteolytic and lipolytic activities of these isolates and their ability to decarboxylate lysine, tyrosine, ornithine, and histidine and to produce antimicrobial compounds also were assessed. all strains were identified as enterococcus faecium, and a lack of correlation between data ...200818592753
role of the u.s. food and drug administration in the regulatory management of human listeriosis in the united states.from 1986 to 2006, the incidence of listeriosis in the united states dropped from approximately seven to three cases per million population, a reduction that most likely reflects the joint efforts of industry, government, consumers, and academia. herein, we describe the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) strategy over the past three decades to combat listeriosis. specifically, we discuss early actions taken to address outbreaks during the 1980s, policy decisions regarding the presence of li ...200818592761
incidence and growth of listeria monocytogenes in persimmon (diospyros kaki) fruit.the incidence of listeria monocytogenes on persimmon (diospyros kaki) surface of 'fuyu' and 'rama forte' was evaluated during a 5-month-period (from march to july) of two seasons periods (years 2005 and 2006). the fruits were collected in wholesale and street markets and retail in sao paulo and campinas city, brazil. a total of 582 fruits were analyzed using the bax system which is based on the polymerase chain reaction. the ability of this pathogen to grow on the peel and pulp of the two persim ...200818599141
a novel cell wall-anchored peptidoglycan hydrolase (autolysin), ispc, essential for listeria monocytogenes virulence: genetic and proteomic analysis.we have recently concluded that a listeria monocytogenes 86 kda immunogenic surface protein, ispc, is a cell wall-anchored peptidoglycan hydrolase (autolysin), capable of degrading the cell wall peptidoglycan of the bacterium itself. to determine if this enzyme has any biological functions and/or plays a role in virulence, we in-frame-deleted the ispc gene from the l. monocytogenes chromosome. this deltaispc mutant exhibited complete abrogation of expression of ispc and displayed no defects in i ...200818599819
point mutations within the streptococcal regulator of virulence (srv) alter protein-dna interactions and srv function.group a streptococcus (gas) possesses a complex regulatory system enabling the organism to colonize a range of physiologically distinct host sites. within this network of regulators is the streptococcal regulator of virulence (srv). srv is a member of the crp/fnr family of transcriptional regulators and is most similar to pleiotropic regulatory factor a (prfa), a positive regulator of virulence in listeria monocytogenes. members of this family possess a characteristic c-terminal helix-turn-helix ...200818599828
risk profiles of pork and poultry meat and risk ratings of various pathogen/product combinations.risk profiles of pork and poultry meat were carried out using an excel-based software program, risk ranger. it is a semi-quantitative risk estimator answering various questions relating to the probability of exposure to a hazard, susceptibility of the population of interest, severity of the illness caused by the hazard if present and probability of food containing an infectious dose. therefore, qualitative and quantitative inputs were used to estimate and rank the risk of various hazards/food co ...200818602180
the evaluation of the immunomodulating properties of era-63 a pharmaceutical with estrogenic activity.this paper describes studies performed with era-63 a low molecular weight pharmaceutical with intended immunomodulatory effects. since this compound was also known to have estrogenic activity a non-conventional approach was taken in order to differentiate between estrogenic and non-estrogenic-induced immunomodulatory effects. ee was included not only for qualitative comparison (hazard identification) between immunomodulatory effects but also, in case of similar effects, to facilitate the extrapo ...200818602456
autophagic control of listeria through intracellular innate immune recognition in drosophila.autophagy, an evolutionally conserved homeostatic process for catabolizing cytoplasmic components, has been linked to the elimination of intracellular pathogens during mammalian innate immune responses. however, the mechanisms underlying cytoplasmic infection-induced autophagy and the function of autophagy in host survival after infection with intracellular pathogens remain unknown. here we report that in drosophila, recognition of diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan by the pattern-recognitio ...200818604211
inactivation of barotolerant strains of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7 by ultra high pressure and tert-butylhydroquinone combination.antimicrobial efficacy of ultra-high-pressure (uhp) can be enhanced by application of additional hurdles. the objective of this study was to systematically assess the enhancement in pressure lethality by tbhq treatment, against barotolerant strains of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes. two l. monocytogenes scott a and the barotolerant osy-328 strain, and two e. coli o157:h7 strains, edl-933 and its barotolerant mutant, osy-asm, were tested. cell suspensions containing tbhq (50 ...200818604498
intracellular bacteriolysis triggers a massive apoptotic cell death in shigella-infected epithelial cells.infected epithelial cells, which act as a first barrier against pathogens, seldom undergo apoptosis. rather, infected epithelial cells undergo a slow cell death that displays hallmarks of necrosis. here, we demonstrate that rapid intracellular lysis of shigella flexneri, provoked by either the use of a diaminopimelic acid auxotroph mutant or treatment of infected cells with antibiotics of the beta-lactam family, resulted in a massive and rapid induction of apoptotic cell death. this intracellula ...200818606244
granzymes drive a rapid listeriolysin o-induced t cell apoptosis.the listeria monocytogenes protein listeriolysin o (llo) is a pore-forming protein essential for virulence. although the major role for llo is to allow l. monocytogenes entry into the cytosol, it also induces apoptosis of activated lymphocytes, an obligatory cellular response that modulates the infection. induction of apoptosis by llo proceeds through a fast, caspase-dependent pathway and a slow, caspase-independent pathway. polyclonal t cell lines were generated from either normal mice or mice ...200818606691
identification of formyl peptides from listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus as potent chemoattractants for mouse neutrophils.the prototypic formyl peptide n-formyl-met-leu-phe (fmlf) is a major chemoattractant found in escherichia coli culture supernatants and a potent agonist at human formyl peptide receptor (fpr) 1. consistent with this, fmlf induces bactericidal functions in human neutrophils at nanomolar concentrations. however, it is a much less potent agonist for mouse fpr (mfpr) 1 and mouse neutrophils, requiring micromolar concentrations for cell activation. to determine whether other bacteria produce more pot ...200818606697
rapid identification and typing of listeria species by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that is the causative agent of human listeriosis, an opportunistic infection that primarily infects pregnant women and immunologically compromised individuals. rapid, accurate discrimination between listeria strains is essential for appropriate therapeutic management and timely intervention for infection control. a rapid method involving matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) that shows promise f ...200818606788
listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus coinfection of a prosthetic joint. 200818534891
antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolates from different floral sources of honey.more than two thousand bacterial strains isolated from six us domestic honeys and two manuka honeys from new zealand were screened for production of antimicrobial compounds. a high incidence of antimicrobial inhibition determined by deferred inhibition assays was observed with the bacterial isolates from all eight honey samples. in total, 2217 isolates out of 2398 strains (92.5% of total isolates) exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one of the tested microorganisms. antifungal acti ...200818538876
sel, a selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes.multipathogen detection on a single-assay platform not only reduces the cost for testing but also provides data on the presence of pathogens in a single experiment. to achieve this detection, a multipathogen selective enrichment medium is essential to allow the concurrent growth of pathogens. sel broth was formulated to allow the simultaneous growth of salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes. the results were compared to those obtained with the respective indivi ...200818539786
isolation and partial characterization of a bacteriocin produced by pediococcus pentosaceus k23-2 isolated from kimchi.screening and partial characterization of a bacteriocin produced by pediococcus pentosaceus k23-2 isolated from kimchi, a traditional korean fermented vegetable.200818540969
growth and persistence of listeria monocytogenes isolates on the plant model arabidopsis thaliana.while the majority of human listeriosis cases appear to be linked to consumption of processed ready-to-eat foods (e.g., deli meats), a few listeriosis outbreaks have been linked to consumption of contaminated vegetables. in this study, we assessed four isolates representing the major listeria monocytogenes lineages for their abilities to attach to and grow on arabidopsis thaliana, a well-characterized plant model. when plants were dipped for 5min into 3ml of water containing 8.8logcfu of l. mono ...200818541169
chemical composition and inhibitory parameters of essential oil and extracts of nandina domestica thunb. to control food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria.the aim of this study was to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the floral parts of nandina domestica thunb. by hydrodistillation, and to test the efficacy of essential oil and various organic extracts against a panel of food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria such as bacillus subtilis atcc6633, listeria monocytogenes atcc19166, staphylococcus aureus kctc1916, s. aureus atcc6538, pseudomonas aeruginosa kctc2004, salmonella typhimurium kctc2515, salmonella ent ...200818541324
constitutive activation of the prfa regulon enhances the potency of vaccines based on live-attenuated and killed but metabolically active listeria monocytogenes strains.recombinant vaccines derived from the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes are presently undergoing early-stage clinical evaluation in oncology treatment settings. this effort has been stimulated in part due to preclinical results that illustrate potent activation of innate and adaptive immune effectors by l. monocytogenes vaccines, combined with efficacy in rigorous animal models of malignant and infectious disease. here, we evaluated the immunologic potency of a panel of ...200818541651
a new twist on an old pathway--accessory sec [corrected] systems.the export of proteins from their site of synthesis in the cytoplasm across the inner membrane is an important aspect of bacterial physiology. because the location of extracytoplasmic proteins is ideal for host-pathogen interactions, protein export is also important to bacterial virulence. in bacteria, there are conserved protein export systems that are responsible for the majority of protein export: the general secretion (sec) pathway and the twin-arginine translocation pathway. in some bacteri ...200818544071
shelf life evaluation for ready-to-eat sliced uncured turkey breast and cured ham under probable storage conditions based on listeria monocytogenes and psychrotroph growth.the growth variability of three listeria monocytogenes ribotypes in ready-to-eat (rte) sliced uncured turkey breast and cured ham was studied under storage conditions that rte foods are likely to encounter. three product treatments studied were: (1) a control; (2) a formulation subjected to high pressure processing to reduce initial microbial load (hpp); (3) a formulation containing 2.0% potassium lactate and 0.2% sodium diacetate (pl/sd). after separate inoculation with individual l. monocytoge ...200818544466
contrasting effects of human thp-1 cell differentiation on levofloxacin and moxifloxacin intracellular accumulation and activity against staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus invade and multiply in thp-1 monocytes. fluoroquinolones accumulate in these cells, but are less active against intracellular than extracellular forms of l. monocytogenes and s. aureus. we examined whether differentiation of thp-1 monocytes into adherent, macrophage-like cells increases fluoroquinolone uptake and activity.200818544595
urinary retention secondary to listeria meningitis.we report a rare case of urinary retention secondary to listeria meningitis. a 90-year-old woman presented with high fever, nausea, diarrhea, and incontinence of urination and feces. lumbar puncture was performed. the total cell number of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was elevated indicating that the glucose level was decreased. a csf culture and a blood culture revealed listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes). we treated this bacterial meningitis with antibiotic medicine. one month after onse ...200818552472
development of multiple strain competitive index assays for listeria monocytogenes using pimc; a new site-specific integrative vector.the foodborne, gram-positive pathogen, listeria monocytogenes, is capable of causing lethal infections in compromised individuals. in the post genomic era of l. monocytogenes research, techniques are required to identify and validate genes involved in the pathogenicity and environmental biology of the organism. the aim here was to develop a widely applicable method to tag l. monocytogenes strains, with a particular emphasis on the development of multiple strain competitive index assays.200818554399
interactions in dual species biofilms between listeria monocytogenes egd-e and several strains of staphylococcus aureus.six environmental isolates of staphylococcus aureus and one collection strain were investigated for their ability to form monospecies biofilms and dual species biofilms with listeria monocytogenes egd-e on stainless steel coupons. all isolates were able to grow as biofilms but their ability to form monospecies biofilms differed. the population of l. monocytogenes egd-e in dual species biofilms was not affected by the presence of s. aureus isolates except for strain cip 53.156. the effect of l. m ...200818554739
photoactivated chlorophyllin-based gelatin films and coatings to prevent microbial contamination of food products.the aim of this work was to develop antimicrobial photosensitizer-containing edible films and coatings based on gelatin as the polymer matrix, incorporating sodium magnesium chlorophyllin (e-140) and sodium copper chlorophyllin (e-141). chlorophyllins were incorporated into the gelatin film-forming solution and the inhibiting effect of the cast films was tested against staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes. the results demonstrated that water soluble sodium magnesium chlorophyllin and ...200818555550
growth of l. monocytogenes strain f2365 on ready-to-eat turkey meat does not enhance gastrointestinal listeriosis in intragastrically inoculated a/j mice.there have been significant outbreaks of listeriosis associated with consumption of contaminated ready-to-eat (rte) turkey meat products. in this study, we investigated whether growth on rte deli turkey meat sends environmental signals to listerial cells that makes them more virulent in the gastrointestinal tract of mice. l. listeria monocytogenes strain f2365 grew from a starting inoculum of 10(3) cfu/ml to final numbers of 10(8)-10(9) cfu/ml (within 12 days at 10 degrees c) when inoculated ont ...200818559288
a listeria monocytogenes mutant defective in bacteriophage attachment is attenuated in orally inoculated mice and impaired in enterocyte intracellular growth.a listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage was used to identify a phage-resistant tn917 insertion mutant of the mouse-virulent listerial strain f6214-1. the mutant was attenuated when it was inoculated orally into female a/j mice and failed to replicate efficiently in cultured mouse enterocytes. phage binding studies indicated that the mutant had a cell surface alteration that precluded phage attachment. all phenotypes associated with the mutation could be complemented in trans by a single open read ...200818559424
curvature and torsion in growing actin networks.intracellular pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes and rickettsia rickettsii move within a host cell by polymerizing a comet-tail of actin fibers that ultimately pushes the cell forward. this dense network of cross-linked actin polymers typically exhibits a striking curvature that causes bacteria to move in gently looping paths. theoretically, tail curvature has been linked to details of motility by considering force and torque balances from a finite number of polymerizing filaments. here we ...200818560043
structural analysis of the l-alanoyl-d-glutamate endopeptidase domain of listeria bacteriophage endolysin ply500 reveals a new member of the las peptidase family.similar to many other bacterial cell-wall-hydrolyzing enzymes, the listeria bacteriophage a500 endopeptidase ply500 has a modular architecture consisting of an enzymatically active domain (ead) linked to a cell-wall-binding domain (cbd) in a single polypeptide chain. the crystal structure of the ead of ply500 has been solved at 1.8 a resolution. the shape of the enzyme resembles a sofa chair: one alpha-helix and three antiparallel beta-strands form the seat, which is supported by two more alpha- ...200818560152
listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis: a case report and review of the literature.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is one of the rare microorganisms causing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (pd) patients. we report a sporadic case of peritonitis caused by lm in a young female pd patient with lupus receiving corticosteroid therapy, who presented with abdominal pain, cloudy pd effluent, nausea, and conjunctivitis. the effluent showed a high pd effluent white cell count and monocytosis, and gram staining showed gram-positive bacilli in single or short chains and pd effluent culture ...200818563614
how to manage infections in the era of biologics?biologic agents are immunosuppressants that target cytokines or specific immune cell subpopulations. many therapies interfere with the normal inflammatory cascade and with the immune system, causing an increase in the incidence of infections. in particular, treatment with tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha antagonists in psoriasis patients is associated with an increased risk of infection caused by intracellular microorganisms. tnf-alpha plays an important role in host resistance against infectio ...200818564248
antimicrobial resistance of listeria monocytogenes isolated from a poultry further processing plant.the aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial resistance profiles of distinct types of listeria monocytogenes isolated from a commercial poultry cooking plant. one hundred fifty-seven l. monocytogenes isolates representing 14 different acta types were tested for susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial drugs using the broth microdilution method. all isolates were susceptible to antimicrobials except for ceftriaxone (153 isolates [97%] intermediate or resistant), oxacillin with 2% nacl (142 isolat ...200818564907
sigmab- and prfa-dependent transcription of genes previously classified as putative constituents of the listeria monocytogenes prfa regulon.mounting evidence suggests that sigma(b) and prfa coregulate transcription of multiple genes in listeria monocytogenes, therefore, the relative contributions of sigma(b) and prfa to transcript levels of genes identified previously as differentially regulated by prfa were measured. group i genes are recognized virulence genes that are positively regulated by prfa; group ii genes were reported previously as negatively regulated by prfa; and multiple group iii genes were proposed to be coregulated ...200818564909
analysis of survival rates and cellular fatty acid profiles of listeria monocytogenes treated with supercritical carbon dioxide under the influence of cosolvents.in the present study, we identified several process variables that significantly affect the efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide inactivation of the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes. treatment with sc-co(2) completely disabled the colony-forming activity of the cells (8-log reduction) within specific treatment time (10-50 min), pressure (80-150 bar), and temperature ranges (35-45 degrees c). microorganism inactivation rates increased proportionally with pressure and temperature, ...200818565606
immunity gene pedb enhances production of pediocin pa-1 in naturally resistant lactococcus lactis strains.heterologous production of the antilisterial bacteriocin pediocin pa-1 in lactococci is an attractive objective to increase the safety of dairy products. in a previous paper, we developed a system for the heterologous production of the bacteriocin pediocin pa-1 in pediocin-resistant lactococcal hosts through a leader exchange strategy. the system was based on 3 genes, 1 encoding the fusion between the lactococcin a leader and propediocin pa-1, and the other 2 encoding the lactococcin a secretion ...200818565917
innate responses to systemic infection by intracellular bacteria trigger recruitment of ly-6chigh monocytes to the brain.blood borne listeria monocytogenes enter the cns via migration of parasitized ly-6chigh monocytes, but the signals that trigger this migration are not known. to understand more completely events leading to monocyte recruitment, experiments presented here combined microarray analysis of gene expression in the brains of experimentally infected mice with measurements of bacterial cfu and serum cytokines following i.v. infection with l. monocytogenes. at 24 and 48 h postinfection, the brain was ster ...200818566419
systemic listeriosis in caged canaries (serinus canarius).the occurrence of listeriosis in 12 caged canaries is described where 50% of the birds, including the female and all of the offspring, died within 2 weeks without clinical signs. at necropsy, multifocal necrotizing and partly granulomatous hepatitis, splenitis, myocarditis, interstitial nephritis, and exudative pericarditis with intra-lesional listeria monocytogenes were the predominant findings as shown by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. microbiology, serology and polymerase chain reac ...200818568661
flavonoid treatment of murine macrophages does not alter ingestion or intracellular survival of listeria monocytogenes.it was recently reported that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) plays a role in innate immunity to listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. in this study the authors analyzed whether incubation of murine macrophages with various flavonoids that have agonist or antagonist activity for the ahr (beta-naphthoflavone, alpha-naphthoflavone, quercetin, luteolin) affect the uptake and survival of l. monocytogenes. using the raw264.7 and j774 murine macrophage cell lines and bone marrow-derived macrop ...200818569079
microarray evaluation of the listeria monocytogenes infection and amoxicillin treatment in mice.by using affymetrix mouse genome arrays and 20 biological replicates per experimental condition, the predictive value of liver and blood gene expression profiles previously identified was validated as predictive of listeria monocytogenes infection severity (lethal and nonlethal infection). the ability of these genes to predict the outcome of antibiotic treatment was also assessed. lethally infected balb/c mice were treated with amoxicillin at 10 or 20 mg/kg; only the higher dose prevented death. ...200818569167
staphylococcus saprophyticus atcc 15305 is internalized into human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line 5637.invasion of bacteria into nonphagocytic host cells is an important pathogenicity factor for escaping the host defence system. gram-positive organisms, for example staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes, are invasive in nonphagocytic cells, and this mechanism is discussed as an important part of the infection process. uropathogenic escherichia coli and staphylococcus saprophyticus can cause acute and recurrent urinary tract infections as well as bloodstream infections. staphylococcus sa ...200818573154
safety improvement and preservation of typical sensory qualities of traditional dry fermented sausages using autochthonous starter cultures.traditional dry fermented sausages are manufactured without addition of starter cultures in small-scale processing units, their fermentation relying on indigenous microflora. characterisation and control of these specific bacteria are essential for the sensory quality and the safety of the sausages. the aim of this study was to develop an autochthonous starter culture that improves safety while preserving the typical sensory characteristics of traditional sausages. an autochthonous starter compo ...200818573561
decreased susceptibility of mice to infection with listeria monocytogenes in the absence of interleukin-18.the induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha is crucial for the early control of bacterial infections. since interleukin-18 (il-18) acts as a potent inducer of ifn-gamma, it might play an important role in the induction of a protective immune response in listeriosis. we used a murine model of systemic listeria monocytogenes infection to study the immune response to these intracellular bacteria in the absence of il-18. for this pu ...200818573894
diverse myeloid and lymphoid cell subpopulations produce gamma interferon during early innate immune responses to francisella tularensis live vaccine strain.francisella tularensis, a small gram-negative intracellular bacterium responsible for causing tularemia, is highly pathogenic and classified as a category a agent of bioterrorism. as for other intracellular pathogens, successful protective immune responses to francisella tularensis require rapid and efficient induction of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production. studies using intracellular bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes as well as francisella suggest that natural killer (nk) and t cells ...200818573901
rapid eradication of listeria monocytogenes by moxifloxacin in a murine model of central nervous system listeriosis.listeriosis is a rare but life-threatening infection. a favorable outcome is greatly aided by early administration of antibiotics with rapid bactericidal activity against listeria monocytogenes. moxifloxacin, a new-generation fluoroquinolone with extended activity against gram-positive bacteria, has proved its effectiveness in vitro against intracellular reservoirs of bacteria. the efficacies of moxifloxacin and amoxicillin were compared in vivo by survival curve assays and by studying the kinet ...200818573932
cooperation between prokaryotic (lde) and eukaryotic (mrp) efflux transporters in j774 macrophages infected with listeria monocytogenes: studies with ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin.antibiotic efflux is observed in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, modulating accumulation and resistance. the present study examines whether eukaryotic and prokaryotic fluoroquinolone transporters can cooperate in the context of an intracellular infection. we have used (i) j774 macrophages (comparing a ciprofloxacin-resistant cell line overexpressing an mrp-like transporter with wild-type cells with basal expression), (ii) listeria monocytogenes (comparing a clinical isolate [clip21369] di ...200818573933
antimicrobial activity of dc-159a, a new fluoroquinolone, against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates.the activity of dc-159a, a novel orally administered fluorinated quinolone, was evaluated by reference broth microdilution or agar dilution methods against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates from five continents. against pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (ca-rtis), the mic(90)s were 0.12 microg/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml for haemophilus influenzae, 0.03 microg/ml for moraxella catarrhalis, and 0.12 microg/ml for beta-h ...200818573936
method to detect only live bacteria during pcr amplification.ethidium monoazide (ema) is a dna cross-linking agent and eukaryotic topoisomerase ii poison. we previously reported that the treatment of ema with visible light irradiation (ema + light) directly cleaved chromosomal dna of escherichia coli (t. soejima, k. iida, t. qin, h. taniai, m. seki, a. takade, and s. yoshida, microbiol. immunol. 51:763-775, 2007). herein, we report that ema + light randomly cleaved chromosomal dna of heat-treated, but not live, listeria monocytogenes cells within 10 min o ...200818448692
in vivo hierarchy of individual t-cell epitope-specific helper t-cell subset against an intracellular bacterium.cellular immunity is indispensable for efficient protection against intracellular bacterial infection. cd4+ and cd8+ t cells specific for a variety of antigenic peptides derived from particular bacteria are induced after the infection. t cells recognizing different antigenic peptides have been speculated to have different functions in terms of the protective immunity. we here induced individual cd4+ t cells specific for each antigenic peptide derived from listeria monocytogenes independently wit ...200818450341
naive and innate memory phenotype cd4+ t cells have different requirements for active itk for their development.the tec family kinase itk regulates the development of conventional and innate cd8(+) t cells. however, little is known about the role of itk in the development of cd4(+) t cell lineages, although the role of itk in the t cell activation and function is well defined. we show in this study that itk null mice have increased percentage of cd62l(low)cd44(high) memory phenotype cd4(+) t cells compared with wild-type mice. these cells arise directly in the thymus, express high levels of transcripts fo ...200818453573
additive roles for mcp-1 and mcp-3 in ccr2-mediated recruitment of inflammatory monocytes during listeria monocytogenes infection.chemokine receptor-mediated recruitment of inflammatory cells is essential for innate immune defense against microbial infection. recruitment of ly6c(high) inflammatory monocytes from bone marrow to sites of microbial infection is dependent on ccr2, a chemokine receptor that responds to mcp-1 and mcp-3. although ccr2(-/-) mice are markedly more susceptible to listeria monocytogenes infection than are wild-type mice, mcp-1(-/-) mice have an intermediate phenotype, suggesting that other ccr2 ligan ...200818453605
characterization of virulence properties of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains of different origins.in this study, the virulence heterogeneity of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains of different origins was analysed on different levels. on one hand, the survival of l. monocytogenes strains in synthetic gastric fluid was studied. on the other hand, the pathogenic potential of strains with different inlb expression levels was analysed in an a/j mouse model for gastrointestinal listeriosis. differences in survival capacity in gastric fluid and in in vivo virulence potential were observed b ...200818454745
listeriosis in pregnancy. 200818455101
macrophages express multiple ligands for gammadelta tcrs.as only a handful of ligands have been identified, the general nature of the ligands recognized by gammadelta t cells remains unresolved. in this study, soluble multimerized gammadelta t cell receptors (smtcrs) representing the tcrs of two gammadelta t cell subsets common in the mouse were used to detect and track their own ligands. ligands for both subsets were found on resident peritoneal macrophages taken from untreated mice, and the expression of both was further induced by listeria monocyto ...200818455236
acupuncture-associated listeria monocytogenes arthritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.septic arthritis is a rare complication of acupuncture. we present a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed septic arthritis of the right knee after consecutive weekly sessions of acupuncture therapy for 3 weeks. the infection was localized by musculoskeletal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging, with culture of the synovial fluid aspirated from the joint yielding listeria monocytogenes. the patient responded well to antibiotic treatment and regained joint mobility. a high index of ...200818455948
combined effect of freeze chilling and map on quality parameters of raw chicken fillets.the effect of short-term frozen storage prior to thawing on the quality of freeze-chilled chicken fillets was investigated, as was the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (map). four process treatments were used: (1) fresh chicken chilled at 4 degrees c without previous freezing, (2) freeze-chilled for 7 days and thawed at 4 degrees c, (3) chilled at 4 degrees c packaged under map (70% n(2)-30%co(2)), and (4) packaged under map, freeze-chilled for 7 days and thawed at 4 degrees c. microbiolo ...200818456112
identification of a non-pathogenic surrogate organism for chlorine dioxide (clo2) gas treatment.the identification of non-pathogenic surrogate microorganisms is beneficial for determining and validating the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments in food manufacturing environments. a surrogate organism was identified to aid in the decontamination process of fresh produce when treated with chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) gas. thirty-two known strains of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms and seven unknown microbial isolates from mushroom, tomatoes, and strawberries were evaluated. the prim ...200818456115
characteristics of an environmental strain, enterococcus faecalis cect7121, and its effects as additive on craft dry-fermented sausages.lactic acid bacteria are the most adequate microorganisms for natural preservation of food. in the present work, the strain of enterococcus faecalis cect7121 was employed in the manufacture of craft dry-fermented sausages and its performance as a biopreservative was analysed. this strain is devoid of the genes for haemolysin and gelatinase and does not produce biogenic amines. it is sensitive to almost all the antibiotics tested and opsonophagocytic assays showed that it is devoid of a capsule. ...200818456116
microbial changes and growth of listeria monocytogenes during chilled storage of brined shrimp (pandalus borealis).thirteen storage trials and ten challenge tests were carried out to examine microbial changes, spoilage and the potential growth of listeria monocytogenes in brined shrimp (pandalus borealis). shrimp in brine as well as brined and drained shrimp in modified atmosphere packaging (map) were produced and studied. different recipes were used to study the effect of preserving parameters (organic acids, ph and nacl) on growth of microorganisms and shelf life at 7-8 degrees c or 12 degrees c. particula ...200818456355
evaluation of an enumeration method for listeria monocytogenes at low contamination levels in cold-smoked salmon.for the enumeration of listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon, a sensitive enumeration method, based on membrane filtration followed by transfer of the filter on a selective medium has been recently developed (gnanou besse et al., 2004, a contribution to the improvement of l. monocytogenes enumeration in cold-smoked salmon. international journal of food microbiology, 91, 119-127). the aim of the study was to assess the performance of this enumeration method through an inter-laboratory stud ...200818456358
the two-component system cesrk controls the transcriptional induction of cell envelope-related genes in listeria monocytogenes in response to cell wall-acting antibiotics.the two-component system cesrk of listeria monocytogenes responds to cell wall-acting antibiotics. we show here that cesrk controls the transcription of several cell envelope-related genes. the cesrk-dependent induction of these genes may be viewed as an attempt by l. monocytogenes to protect itself against the damaging effects of cell wall-acting antibiotics.200818456805
development of a multilocus variable-number of tandem repeat typing method for listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains.listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains have been identified as the causative agent in many human listeriosis epidemics as well as in a considerable number of sporadic cases. due to the genetic homogeneity of serotype 4b isolates, development of rapid subtyping methods with high discriminatory power for serotype 4b isolates is required to allow for improved outbreak detection and source tracking. in this study, multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) was developed and used to ...200818457891
identification of listeria innocua surrogates for listeria monocytogenes in hamburger patties.listeria innocua m1 has been used by many researchers as a nonpathogenic thermal processing surrogate for listeria monocytogenes. however, l. innocua m1 has been criticized because its thermal survivability characteristics are not as closely parallel to l. monocytogenes as some would like in a variety of foods and processing conditions. the present study was conducted to compare multiple l. innocua and l. monocytogenes strains to validate l. innocua m1 as the ideal surrogate under high-temperatu ...200818460133
characterization of bacteriocin-coated antimicrobial polyethylene films by atomic force microscopy.antimicrobial agents can be used to give antimicrobial properties to polymeric materials used to envelope foods for packaging purposes. in this study, we exploited an atomic force microscopy (afm) analysis for the characterization of plastic films activated with antimicrobial agents. the aim was to acquire information on the distribution of the antimicrobials on plastic materials with the ultimate scope of understanding the mechanisms of interaction between antimicrobials and materials to be use ...200818460145
survival of bacterial pathogens during the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of biowaste: laboratory experiments and in situ validation.anaerobic digestion is continually gaining importance for the processing of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. although methods for studying the survival of pathogen exist, these methods often need adaptations, are expensive, time consuming or generally not well suited for the harsh conditions within an anaerobic digestion system. in the present study we investigated the applicability of commercially available, mechanically stable and inexpensive pathogen carriers to validate in sit ...200818460419
cd14 works with toll-like receptor 2 to contribute to recognition and control of listeria monocytogenes infection.toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) signaling has been shown to contribute to resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection, as tlr2-deficient mice have a heightened susceptibility to infection with this organism. because cd14 may associate with tlr2, we investigated the role of cd14 in listeria responses. in both cd14-deficient and tlr2-deficient macrophages, nuclear factor kappab translocation; cd40 and cd86; and the production of interleukin (il)-12, il-6, tumor necrosis factor, and nitric oxide are ...200818462086
listeria monocytogenes: epidemiology, human disease, and mechanisms of brain invasion.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium that has predilection for causing central nervous systemic infections in humans and domesticated animals. this pathogen can be found worldwide in the food supply and most l. monocytogenes infections are acquired through ingestion of contaminated food. the main clinical syndromes caused by l. monocytogenes include febrile gastroenteritis, perinatal infection, and systemic infections marked by central nervous system infections with or ...200818462388
antimicrobial activity of some new thioureides derived from 2-(4-chlorophenoxymethyl)benzoic acid.we report here the characterisation of eight newly synthesized thioureides of 2-(4-chlorophenoxymethyl)-benzoic acid and the evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new compounds against gram-positive [listeria monocytogenes,staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis], gram-negative [psedomonas aeruginosa,escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis], as well as candida spp., using both reference and clinical multidrug resistant strains to establish the minimal inhibitory concentratio ...200818463566
[construction and characterization of a mutant strain of listeria monocytogenes with a deletion of acta and plcb].the virulence of listeria monocytogenes is directly related to its ability to spread from cell to cell without leaving the intracellular milieu. among the bacterial factors involved in cell-to-cell spread, actin-polymerizing protein acta is required for bacterial spread to adjacent cells, while the broad-range phospholipase c (pc-plc) contributes to bacterial escape from secondary vacuoles.200818479054
[bacteremia, brain abscess, and meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes]. 200818479654
protease treatment affects both invasion ability and biofilm formation in listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a notably invasive bacterium associated with life-threatening food-borne disease in humans. several surface proteins have been shown to be essential in the adhesion of l. monocytogenes, and in the subsequent invasion of phagocytes. because the control of the invasion of host cells by listeria could potentially hinder its spread in the infected host, we have examined the effects of a protease treatment on the ability of l. monocytogenes to form biofilms and to invade tis ...200818479885
[primary listeria monocytogenes infection in a cirrhotic woman: report of one case].l. monocytogenes infections are infrequent. sepsis in pregnant women and newborns and central nervous system infections in the elderly are the most common clinical manifestations. we report a 61 years old woman with diabetes mellitus and a child b hepatic cirrhosis, admitted for persistent fever. blood cultures were positive for listeria monocytogenes. cerebrospinal fluid was normal and sterile. she was treated with ampicillin and amikacin with a good response. control blood cultures were negati ...200818483678
the generation of nisin variants with enhanced activity against specific gram-positive pathogens.nisin is the prototype of the lantibiotic group of antimicrobial peptides. it exhibits broad spectrum inhibition of gram-positive bacteria including important food pathogens and clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria. significantly, the gene-encoded nature of nisin means that it can be subjected to gene-based bioengineering to generate novel derivatives. here, we take advantage of this to generate the largest bank of randomly mutated nisin derivatives reported to date, with the ultima ...200818485077
acid sphingomyelinase is required for efficient phago-lysosomal fusion.the acid sphingomyelinase (asmase) localizes to the lumen of endosomes, phagosomes and lysosomes as well as to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and hydrolyses sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphorylcholine. using the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes, we show that maturation of phagosomes into phagolysosomes is severely impaired in macrophages genetically deficient for asmase. unlike in wild-type macrophages, phagosomes containing l. monocytogenes in asmase(-/-) ...200818485117
synergistic effect between different milk-derived peptides and proteins.antimicrobial peptides derived from food proteins constitute a new field in the combined use of antimicrobial agents in food. the best examples of milk-derived peptides are those constituted by bovine lactoferricin [lactoferrin f(17-41)] (lfcin-b) and bovine alpha(s2)-casein f(183-207). the aim of this work was to study if the antimicrobial activity of a natural compound employed in food preservation, nisin, could be enhanced by combination with the aforementioned milk-derived peptides. furtherm ...200818487640
listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp. in raw milk produced in brazil: occurrence and interference of indigenous microbiota in their isolation and development.this study aimed to verify the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp. in raw milk produced in brazil. on account of the poor microbiological quality of this product, possible interference from the indigenous microbiota in these pathogens was also evaluated. two-hundred and ten raw milk samples were collected in four important milk-producing areas in brazil, tested for l. monocytogenes and salmonella spp. presence, and for enumeration of indicator microorganisms: mesophilic aero ...200818489543
pdl-1 blockade impedes t cell expansion and protective immunity primed by attenuated listeria monocytogenes.infection with attenuated listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a robust in vivo model for examining how ag-specific t cells are primed, and subsequent challenge with virulent lm allows for the protective effects of t cell priming to be quantified. herein, we investigated the role of programmed death ligand 1 (pdl-1) in t cell priming and immunity conferred after primary infection with lm deltaacta followed by virulent lm challenge. in striking contrast to the inhibitory role of pdl-1 on t cell immunit ...200818490756
multiple nod-like receptors activate caspase 1 during listeria monocytogenes infection.listeria monocytogenes escapes from the phagosome of macrophages and replicates within the cytosolic compartment. the macrophage responds to l. monocytogenes through detection pathways located on the cell surface (tlrs) and within the cytosol (nod-like receptors) to promote inflammatory processes aimed at clearing the pathogen. cytosolic l. monocytogenes activates caspase 1, resulting in post-translational processing of the cytokines il-1beta and il-18 as well as caspase 1-dependent cell death ( ...200818490757
listeriosis: a model for the fine balance between immunity and morbidity.listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by listeria monocytogenes. it mostly affects immune-compromised individuals, pregnant women, and the elderly, and it is associated with huge economic losses, especially to the food industry. in the last decade, a sharp increase in listeriosis incidence was observed in several european countries. no suitable explanation was found for this increase, which occurred only in old patients and not in pregnant women.200818496469
lineage specific recombination and positive selection in coding and intragenic regions contributed to evolution of the main listeria monocytogenes virulence gene cluster.the major virulence cluster of listeria monocytogenes harbors six virulence genes that encode proteins critical for the intracellular life cycle of this human and animal pathogen. in this study, we determined the sequence (8709nt) of the virulence gene cluster (including the six main virulence genes) in 40 l. monocytogenes isolates from different source populations (human clinical cases, animal clinical cases, foods, and natural environments). an alignment of the full length cluster as well as i ...200818499533
glycerol metabolism and prfa activity in listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is able to efficiently utilize glycerol as a carbon source. in a defined minimal medium, the growth rate (during balanced growth) in the presence of glycerol is similar to that in the presence of glucose or cellobiose. comparative transcriptome analyses of l. monocytogenes showed high-level transcriptional upregulation of the genes known to be involved in glycerol uptake and metabolism (glpfk and glpd) in the presence of glycerol (compared to that in the presence of glucos ...200818502850
coordinated regulation of cold-induced changes in fatty acids with cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol composition among phospholipid species for the food pathogen listeria monocytogenes.we present here the structural identification of four phospholipid (phl) classes in listeria monocytogenes, the fatty acid (fa) composition for each individual phl species, and a description of cold-induced fa changes. cardiolipin (48.5%) and phosphatidylglycerol (18.1%) are dominated by anteiso-fa, and the previously recognized branched fa chain shortening by cold was observed singularly in these phls. phosploaminolipid (19.9%) and phosphatidylinositol, (9.1%) are significantly different, conta ...200818502923
retail survey of brazilian milk and minas frescal cheese and a contaminated dairy plant to establish prevalence, relatedness, and sources of listeria monocytogenes isolates.a study was designed to recover listeria monocytogenes from pasteurized milk and minas frescal cheese (mfc) sampled at retail establishments (res) and to identify the contamination source(s) of these products in the corresponding dairy processing plant. fifty milk samples (9 brands) and 55 mfc samples (10 brands) were tested from res located in juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil. all milk samples and 45 samples from 9 of 10 mfc brands tested negative for l. monocytogenes; however, "brand f" of m ...200818502929
listeria monocytogenes egd-e biofilms: no mushrooms but a network of knitted chains.listeria monocytogenes is a food pathogen that can attach on most of the surfaces encountered in the food industry. biofilms are three-dimensional microbial structures that facilitate the persistence of pathogens on surfaces, their resistance toward antimicrobials, and the final contamination of processed goods. so far, little is known about the structural dynamics of l. monocytogenes biofilm formation and its regulation. the aims of this study were, by combining genetics and time-lapse laser-sc ...200818502930
connatal listeriosis--a case report and the possibilities of microbiological diagnosis.the third most frequent agent of perinatal bacterial meningitis is listeria monocytogenes, in hungary, its occurrence is, however, uncommon. this raises the possibility of diagnostical mistakes. a connatal listeriosis case validated microbiologically referred to in this report calls attention to listeria, as a rare but relevant pathogen of neonatal infections. if clinical background suggests infection, the pathogenic role of l. monocytogenes should be taken into consideration. the etiological si ...200818507152
capping protein increases the rate of actin-based motility by promoting filament nucleation by the arp2/3 complex.capping protein (cp) is an integral component of arp2/3-nucleated actin networks that drive amoeboid motility. increasing the concentration of capping protein, which caps barbed ends of actin filaments and prevents elongation, increases the rate of actin-based motility in vivo and in vitro. we studied the synergy between cp and arp2/3 using an in vitro actin-based motility system reconstituted from purified proteins. we find that capping protein increases the rate of motility by promoting more f ...200818510928
a laboratory study of survival of selected microorganisms after heat treatment of biowaste used in biogas plants.the aim of the study was to assess the effect of pasteurisation, as set by the european regulation ec 1774/2002, on selected pathogens and indicator organisms. unpasteurised substrate (biowaste), including animal by-products from a full-scale biogas plant was heat treated under laboratory conditions at 70 degrees c and 55 degrees c for 30 min and 60 min. heat treatment at 55 degrees c for 60 min was not sufficient to achieve a hygienically acceptable product. heat treatment at 70 degrees c for 3 ...200818513960
listeria monocytogenes biofilm-associated protein (bapl) may contribute to surface attachment of l. monocytogenes but is absent from many field isolates.listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen capable of adhering to a range of surfaces utilized within the food industry, including stainless steel. the factors required for the attachment of this ubiquitous organism to abiotic surfaces are still relatively unknown. in silico analysis of the l. monocytogenes egd genome identified a putative cell wall-anchored protein (lmo0435 [bapl]), which had similarity to proteins involved in biofilm formation by staphylococci. an insertion mutation was c ...200818515491
validation of a commercial process for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of whole muscle beef jerky.we validated the lethality of three time and temperature regimens for commercial processing of whole muscle beef jerky. a total of ca. 8.9 log cfu per strip of multiple-strain cocktails of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, or listeria monocytogenes were separately applied onto the surface of beef strips that were treated as follows: (i) inoculated but not marinated or (ii) inoculated and then marinated. a total of three beef strips for each treatment in each of three trials were ...200818522024
a processing plant persistent strain of listeria monocytogenes crosses the fetoplacental barrier in a pregnant guinea pig model.the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes can cause infection in immunocompromised humans and in the fetuses of pregnant women. we have demonstrated that one group of genetically similar l. monocytogenes strains (random amplified polymorphic dna [rapd] type 9) dominate and persist in several independent fish processing plants. the purpose of the present study was to determine the virulence potential of one rapd type 9 strain (la111), one human clinical strain (scott a), and one monkey clinic ...200818522041
dependency of caspase-1 activation induced in macrophages by listeria monocytogenes on cytolysin, listeriolysin o, after evasion from phagosome into the cytoplasm.listeriolysin o (llo), an hly-encoded cytolysin from listeria monocytogenes, plays an essential role in the entry of this pathogen into the macrophage cytoplasm and is also a key factor in inducing the production of ifn-gamma during the innate immune stage of infection. in this study, we examined the involvement of llo in macrophage production of the ifn-gamma-inducing cytokines il-12 and il-18. significant levels of il-12 and il-18 were produced by macrophages upon infection with wild-type l. m ...200818523249
molecular mimicry between neurons and an intracerebral pathogen induces a cd8 t cell-mediated autoimmune disease.to identify basic mechanisms of how infections may induce a neuron-specific autoimmune response, we generated mice expressing ova as neuronal autoantigen under control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter (nse-ova mice). intracerebral, but not systemic, infection with attenuated listeria monocytogenes-secreting ova induced an atactic-paretic neurological syndrome in nse-ova mice after bacterial clearance from the brain, whereas wild-type mice remained healthy. immunization with attenuated lis ...200818523310
hematopoietic response of rats exposed to the impact of an acute psychophysiological stressor on responsiveness to an in vivo challenge with listeria monocytogenes: modulation by chlorella vulgaris prophylactic treatment.in this study, we investigated the hematopoietic response of rats pretreated with cv and exposed to the impact of acute escapable, inescapable or psychogenical stress on responsiveness to an in vivo challenge with listeria monocytogenes. no consistent changes were observed after exposure to escapable footshock. conversely, the impact of uncontrollable stress (inescapable and psychogenical) was manifested by an early onset and increased severity and duration of myelossuppression produced by the i ...200818420376
microbial and sensory changes throughout the ripening of prato cheese made from milk with different levels of somatic cells.the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of 2 levels of raw milk somatic cell count (scc) on the composition of prato cheese and on the microbiological and sensory changes of prato cheese throughout ripening. two groups of dairy cows were selected to obtain low-scc (<200,000 cells/ml) and high-scc (>700,000 cells/ml) milks, which were used to manufacture 2 vats of cheese. the pasteurized milk was evaluated according to the ph, total solids, fat, total protein, lactose, standard ...200818420604
magnetic resonance images in rhombencephalitis due to listeria monocytogenes mimicking wernicke encephalopathy. 200818421210
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