Publications

an analysis of the processes of infection and induction of e. coli mutant hfl-1 by bacteriophage lambda.		1973	4580731
postirradiation fate of bacteriophage lambda dna in the host cell.		1973	4580735
physical studies of rna involvement in bacteriophage lambda dna replication and prophage excision.		1973	4580911
requirement for transcription in the neighborhood of the phage attachment region for lysogenization of escherichia coli by bacteriophage lambda.		1973	4580912
distinct effects of diamines, polyamines, and magnesium ions on the stability of lambda phage heads.		1973	4581784
repair of gamma-ray-induced damage in bacteriophage lambda.		1973	4582608
influence of thymine starvation on the integrity of episomal and chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids in escherichia coli cr34 (lambda ind-).	the effect of thymine deprivation on the integrity of phage lambda, sex factor, and chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in escherichia coli cr34 (lambda ind(-)) was examined by sedimenting cell lysates through alkaline sucrose gradients. both sex factor and chromosomal dnas showed evidence of being degraded during the starvation period. in contrast, no loss of closed circular lambda dna was observed.	1973	4583234
a new effect of the rex gene of phage lambda: premature lysis after infection by phage t1.		1973	4583305
genetic characterization of a prm- mutant of bacteriophage lambda.		1973	4583306
loss of an essential function of escherichia coli by deletions in the thya region.	in an attempt to obtain deletions in the thya gene, an abnormal lysogen of lambda having the prophage inserted between the thya and lysa genes was induced, and the surviving cured cells were examined for thy(-) and lys(-) mutants. in nearly 10,000 cured cells, 184 lys(-) but no thy(-) mutants were found. at the same time, the induced lambda phage contained an approximately equivalent number of lambdathya(+) and lambdalysa(+) transducing particles. by contrast, in a strain with the genotype f' th ...	1973	4584799
infection of escherichia coli envelope-membrane complex with lambda phage: adsorption and penetration.		1973	4585981
fate of bacteriophage lambda in non-immune germ-free mice.		1973	4586796
role of the cro gene in bacteriophage lambda development.		1973	4587402
prophage lambda at unusual chromosomal locations. ii. mutations induced by bacteriophage lambda in escherichia coli k12.		1973	4587404
isolation of the bacteriophage lambda receptor from escherichia coli.	a factor which inactivates the phage lambda can be extracted from escherichia coli. this factor is a protein and is located in the outer membrane of the bacterial envelope. it is found in extracts of strains which are sensitive to phage lambda, but not in extracts of strains specifically resistant to this phage. we conclude that this factor is the lambda receptor, responsible for the specific adsorption of the phage lambda to e. coli cells. a partial purification of the lambda receptor is descri ...	1973	4201774
purification and properties of the gamma-protein specified by bacteriophage lambda: an inhibitor of the host recbc recombination enzyme.	previous experiments have indicated that the gam gene of bacteriophage lambda is responsible for an inhibition of the recbc dnase-an enzyme that is essential for the major host pathway of genetic recombination. we report here experiments that define the inhibitor as the protein product of the gam gene ("gamma-protein") and that characterize the inhibition reaction with highly purified preparations of gamma-protein and recbc dnase. genetic characterization was performed with partially purified fr ...	1973	4275917
the alleviation of host-controlled restriction of unmodified phages by functions of bacteriophage lambda.		1973	4133568
the capsid structure of bacteriophage lambda.		1973	4125251
[a bacterial mutation augmenting the frequency of lysogenation by lambda phage].		1973	4128299
[study of the characteristics of lambda phage dna transfection in e. coli cells treated with cacl2. the dependence of transfection on the phase of culture growth. the effect of actinomycin on transfection].		1973	4132141
morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi 80: identification of the cistron 13 product.	an in vitro complementation reaction leading to the assembly of bacteriophage phi80 tails from component proteins is described. tail assembly occurs when a lysate of any mutant in cistron 13 is mixed with a second lysate of a mutant in any of the other cistrons involved in tail formation. lysates of mutants that are blocked in tail formation contain phage heads that can unite with free tails to form infective particles. the rate of the complementation reaction shows little dependence upon temper ...	1972	4110106
the morphogenesis of phage lambda. v. form-determining function of the genes required for the assembly of the head.		1972	4113245
topology of dna and n gene expression in coliphage lambda.		1972	4503845
distance from a promoter mutation to an rna synthesis startpoint on bacteriophage lambda dna.		1972	4504486
bidirectional transcription and the regulation of phage lambda repressor synthesis.	there are two promoters for transcription of gene ci in phage lambda, the gene that codes for phage repressor. the promoters, called pre and prm, are located on the distal (pre) and proximal (prm) sides of gene cro, which itself is adjacent to ci. since ci and cro are transcribed in opposite directions, ci transcription initiating at pre gives rise to an antisense transcript of cro, while ci transcription initiating at prm does not. pre, active after infection of a sensitive cell, is stimulated ...	1972	4508309
an enhancing role for dna synthesis in formation of bacteriophage lambda recombinants.	recombination in some intervals of the map of phage lambda is associated with more dna synthesis than in other intervals. blockage of dna synthesis by high temperature in a host temperature-sensitive for dna synthesis results in the relative reduction of recombinant frequencies in those regions having the larger amounts of recombination-associated synthesis. reduction of dna synthesis at normal temperatures by a combination of the bacterial mutation and a mutation in one of the phage genes requi ...	1972	4509320
positive control of endolysin synthesis in vitro by the gene n protein of phage lambda.	positive control in vitro by gene n protein of bacteriophage lambda was demonstrated. lambda dna was used to direct in vitro synthesis of lambda endolysin in a cell-free protein-synthesizing preparation derived from escherichia coli. the endolysin synthesis depends on the concomitant in vitro synthesis of lambda gene n protein. when lambda n(-) dna was used to direct the cell-free preparation, endolysin was made only if extract was added from cells in which a lambda prophage had been induced. th ...	1972	4509321
growth of bacteriophage lambda in phospholipases a-less mutants.		1972	4551923
plasmid formation from bacteriophage lambda as a result of interference by resident plasmid lambda dv.		1972	4551991
lambda phage transcription in human fibroblasts.		1972	4551993
a mutation in escherichia coli enhancing the uv-mutability of phage lambda but not of its infectious dna in a spheroplast assay.		1972	4552500
plasmid formation from bacteriophage lambda in escherichia coli.		1972	4552709
studies on the dna photoreactivating enzyme from escherichia coli. i. transduction of the phr gene by bacteriophage lambda.		1972	4552790
kinetics of membrane association by bacteriophage lambda dna after repressor inactivation.		1972	4553104
large-scale production of lambda bacteriophage and purified lambda deoxyribonucleic acid.	large amounts of a heat-inducible phage lambda mutant (lambdaci857) may be obtained under standardized conditions. the phage is harvested by simple polyethylene glycol (c 6000) precipitation and purified by cscl density gradient banding. deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) is extracted by cold phenol and purified by sucrose density gradient sedimentation to yield a homogenous population of unbroken lambda dna molecules.	1972	4553145
studies on lysogeny in escherichia coli with bacteriophage lambda. physical observation of the insertion process.		1972	4553260
comparisons of the distribution of nucleotides and common sequences in deoxyribonucleic acid from selected bacteriophages.	results from comparisons of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from several classes of bacteriophages suggest that most phage chromosomes contain either a homogeneous distribution of nucleotides or are made up of a few, rather large segments of different quanine plus cytosine (g + c) contents which are internally homogeneous. among those temperate phages tested, most contained segmented dna. comparisons of sequence similarities among segments from lambdoid phage dna species revealed the following order ...	1972	4553679
effects of the rec and exr mutations of escherichia coli on uv reactivation of bacteriophage lambda damaged by different agents.		1972	4555297
uv reactivation of phage lambda in a pola mutant of e. coli.		1972	4555301
lytic replication of coliphage lambda in salmonella typhosa hybrids.	hybrids between escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhosa which conserved a continuous k-12 chromosomal diploid segment extending from pro through ara to the stra locus were sensitive to plaque formation by wild-type lambda. these partially diploid s. typhosa hybrids could be lysogenized with lambda and subsequently induced to produce infectious phage particles. when the k-12 genes were segregated from a lysogenic s. typhosa hybrid, phage-productive ability was no longer detectable due to los ...	1972	4555401
the morphogenesis of bacteriophage lambda. iv. identification of gene products and control of the expression of the morphogenetic information.		1972	4555611
host specificity of dna produced by escherichia coli. xvi. phage lambda dna carries a single site of affinity for a-specific restriction and modification.		1972	4555674
inactivation kinetics of lambda phage repressors in a mutant of e. coli temperature sensitive in dna replication.		1972	4555676
gene regulation in n mutants of bacteriophage lambda.	mutants (n(-)nin) of bacteriophage lambda in which the n gene product is not required for growth on wild-type escherichia coli do not plate on reca bacterial mutants. secondary mutants, selected for growth on reca, lie within the immunity region to the right of gene ci and appear identical to the cro mutants of eisen et al. in an n(+) phage, a cro mutation causes enhanced and prolonged production of lambda exonuclease. n(-)cro phages make no detectable exonuclease, but show an increased rate of ...	1972	4556510
rna synthesis startpoints in bacteriophage lambda: are the promoter and operator transcribed?		1972	4556643
induction of an endonuclease by some substitution and deletion variants of phage lambda.		1972	4556928
substrate specificity of the three endonucleases isolated from phage lambda c 1 -infected escherichia coli.		1972	4557025
recombination in bacteriophage lambda dna half molecules.		1972	4557198
isolation of plaque-forming, galactose-transducing strains of phage lambda.	plaque-forming, galactose-transducing lambda strains have been isolated from lysogens in which bacterial genes have been removed from between the galactose operon and the prophage by deletion mutation.-a second class has been isolated starting with a lysogenic strain which carries a deletion of the genes to the right of the galactose operon and part of the prophage. this strain was lysogenized with a second lambda phage to yield a lysogen from which galactose-transducing, plaque-forming phages w ...	1972	4558323
on some genetic aspects of phage lambda resistance in e. coli k12.	most mutations rendering e. coli k12 resistant to phage lambda, map in two genetic regions mala and malb.-the malb region contains a gene lamb specifically involved in the lambda receptor synthesis. twenty-one independent lamb mutations studied by complementation belonged to a single cistron. this makes it very likely that lamb is monocistronic. among the lamb mutants some are still sensitive to a host range mutant of phage lambda. mutations mapping in a proximal gene essential for maltose metab ...	1972	4558324
maturation and recombination of bacteriophage lambda dna molecules in the absence of dna duplication.		1972	4559112
a reanalysis of red-mediated reciprocal recombination in bacteriophage lambda.		1972	4559691
mechanism of transcription in the n operon of bacteriophage lambda.		1972	4560678
plasmid-controlled variation in the content of methylated bases in bacteriophage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid.	the n(6)-methyladenine (meade) and 5-methylcytosine (mec) contents in deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of bacteriophage lambda has been analyzed as a function of host specificity. the following facts have emerged: (i) lambda grown on strains harboring the p1 prophage contain ca. 70 more meade residues/dna molecule than lambda grown either in the p1-sensitive parent, or in a p1 immune-defective lysogen which does not confer p1 modification; (ii) lambda grown on strains harboring the n-3 drug-resistanc ...	1972	4561202
degradation of bacteriophage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid after restriction by escherichia coli k-12.	wild-type bacteria which restrict the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of infecting phage when the phage do not carry the proper host modification rapidly degrade that restricted dna to acid-soluble products. the purified restriction enzyme acts as an endonuclease in vitro to cleave restrictable dna and does not further degrade the dna fragments produced. we have examined mutants of escherichia coli k-12 which lack various nucleases in order to determine which nucleases are involved in the rapid acid ...	1972	4562392
interaction of the recombination pathways of bacteriophage lambda and host escherichia coli: effects on lambda recombination.		1972	4563260
interaction of the recombination pathways of bacteriophage lambda and its host escherichia coli k12: effects on exonuclease v activity.		1972	4563261
behavior of coliphage lambda in shigella flexneri 2a.	the insensitivity of wild-type shigella flexneri 2a to coliphage lambda is a consequence of its native genetic defect in the mala gene cluster. the "smooth" s. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide layer affects the efficient adsorption of lambda. derivatives, capable of serving as functional hosts for lambda, were obtained by repairing the mala lesion, enabling the expression of the malb-lambdarcp region of s. flexneri. introduction of a mutation into s. flexneri causing a "rough" lipopolysaccharide c ...	1972	4563593
formation of hybrids between coliphage lambda and salmonella phage p22 with a salmonella typhimurium hybrid sensitive to these phages.	an unusual salmonella typhimurium hybrid with sensitivity to coliphage lambda and salmonella phage p22 has been recovered from matings between an escherichia coli k-12 hfr donor and an s. typhimurium recipient. the hybrid is an excellent host for achieving genetic recombination between lambda and p22. two broad classes of hybrid phages were isolated. the lambda-p22 hybrid class, which has the protein coat of lambda, contains at least the c region of p22. the p22-lambda hybrid class has the prote ...	1972	4564201
precursor and product in bacteriophage lambda recombination.	analyses of the time of recombination in bacteria infected with phage lambda and in spheroplasts infected with purified phage lambda dna indicate a preponderance of recombination occurring before replication ("early recombination") after infection with tandem dimers formed in vitro compared to linear monomer dna and phage infections. among the early recombinants is a large fraction of cells that produces one recombinant type exclusively. two suggestions are discussed-that a dimer-like molecule i ...	1972	4564207
fine-structure deletion map of the escherichia coli l-arabinose operon.	a fine-structure deletion map of the l-arabinose operon of e. coli was constructed by mapping deletion endpoints against point mutations. of 350 independent deletions with average endpoint separation of ten nucleotides, 51 ended in the control region between the c and b genes, and the rest ended in the structural genes a, b, c, and d. if deletion endpoints are randomly distributed, the c and b genes are separated by about 510 nucleotides. deletion endpoints and locations of point mutations in fa ...	1972	4564212
methylation pattern of lambda deoxyribonucleic acid.	deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) extracted from phage lambda grown on escherichia coli k-12 strain w4032 had 113 +/- 10 5-methylcytosine residues and 215 +/- 20 6-methyl adenine residues per genome, as determined by three independent methods. these methylated nucleotides were distributed equally among the two strands of lambda dna. shearing of double-stranded dna to half-length fragments revealed a slight deficiency of 5-methyl cytosine in the 55% guanine plus cytosine half. shearing the dna to fragm ...	1972	4564587
purification and properties of d protein: a transcription factor of escherichia coli.	d factor is protein that stimulates dna transcription in vitro by rna polymerase. for dna from bacteriophage lambda, we present evidence that d protein interacts with dna to increase the frequency and improve the specificity of initiation by rna polymerase.	1972	4566455
establishment of repression by lambdoid phage in catabolite activator protein and adenylate cyclase mutants of escherichia coli.	lambdoid phages form clear plaques and show reduced ability to establish immunity in strains of escherichia coli that lack adenylate cyclase or catabolite activator protein. the absence of the activator protein or cyclic amp reduces the frequency of lysogenization, but does not prevent steady-state repressor synthesis of a lysogen. lambda phage mutants able to form turbid plaques on strains that lack catabolite activator protein or adenylate cyclase have been isolated and analyzed.	1972	4333980
requirement of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate for formation of the phage lambda receptor in escherichia coli.	adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate is indispensable for formation of the phage lambda receptor in escherichia coli k-12.	1972	4334765
the role of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in the growth of bacteriophage lambda.		1972	4340810
biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into dna of simian virus 40: circular sv40 dna molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of escherichia coli.	we have developed methods for covalently joining duplex dna molecules to one another and have used these techniques to construct circular dimers of sv40 dna and to insert a dna segment containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of e. coli into sv40 dna. the method involves: (a) converting circular sv40 dna to a linear form, (b) adding single-stranded homodeoxypolymeric extensions of defined composition and length to the 3' ends of one of the dna strands with the enzyme terminal deoxy ...	1972	4342968
synthesis of bacteriophage lambda proteins in vitro.		1972	4343946
dna nucleotide sequence restricted by the ri endonuclease.	the sequence of dna base pairs adjacent to the phosphodiester bonds cleaved by the ri restriction endonuclease in unmodified dna from coliphage lambda has been determined. the 5'-terminal nucleotide labeled with (32)p and oligonucleotides up to the heptamer were analyzed from a pancreatic dnase digest. the following sequence of nucleotides adjacent to the ri break made in lambda dna was deduced from these data and from the 3'-dinucleotide sequence and nearest-neighbor analysis obtained from repa ...	1972	4343974
factors influencing competence of escherichia coli for lambda-phage deoxyribonucleic acid infection.		1972	4569211
polar mutations in lac, gal and phage lambda consist of a few is-dna sequences inserted with either orientation.		1972	4567156
influence of proflavine on the cyclization and aggregation of phage lambda dna.		1972	4660954
increased stability and reproducibility of escherichia coli spheroplasts in the transfection assay of phage lambda dna with polyethylene glycol instead of sucrose.		1972	4622293
pleiotropic properties and genetic organization of the tola,b locus of escherichia coli k-12.	colicin-tolerant mutants of escherichia coli k-12, which map near gal at 17 min (tola, b mutants), have been isolated and characterized. these mutants exhibited a very broad spectrum of phenotypic changes consistent with the interpretation that they are cell surface mutants. in addition to being colicintolerant and sensitive to deoxycholate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tola, b mutants are sensitive to vancomycin, bacitracin, and dodecyl sulfate. the tola, b mutants from most strains also ...	1972	4627928
gene expression by constitutive mutants of coliphage lambda.		1972	5015426
isolation and structure of phage lambda head-mutant dna.		1972	5022188
head assembly steps controlled by genes f and w in bacteriophage lambda.		1972	5022189
tandem genetic duplications in a derivative of phage lambda. ii. evidence for structure and location of endpoints.		1972	5023665
relationship between the n function of bacteriophage lambda and host rna polymerase.		1972	5040359
chemical synthesis of the "sticky end" of lambda phage dna r-strand.		1972	5043189
repression by the ci protein of phage lambda: in vitro inhibition of rna synthesis.		1972	5045305
repression by the ci protein of phage lambda: interaction with rna polymerase.		1972	5045306
lambda phage mutants insensitive to temperature-sensitive repressor. 3. effects of virl, virr or virc mutation on the gene expression.		1972	5046962
isolation and characterization of deletions in bacteriophage lambda residing as prophage in e. coli k 12.		1972	5057547
dna-replication of spi - mutants of bacteriophage lambda in recombination-deficient bacteria.		1972	5057549
the net hydration of phage lambda.		1972	5078393
new banding species, with densities of phage-ghost clusters, produced from lambda phage particles on storage.		1972	5078394
isolation and properties of rex - mutants of bacteriophage lambda.	twenty-five rex(-) mutants of phage lambda have been isolated. three of the mutants, including one amber mutant, map at three distinct sites within the rex region of the lambda genetic map. the existence of the amber mutant provides further evidence that rex and ci are distinct genes, since it seems to be identical to wild-type lambda in its ability to establish or maintain lysogeny.	1972	5084465
micrococcal nuclease treatment of bacteriophage heads alters the right-hand cohesive end of lambda deoxyribonucleic acid.	isolated bacteriophage lambda heads were exposed to micrococcal nuclease prior to addition of the phage tail. the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was extracted from the heads and sheared to half-molecules whose cohesive ends were annealed to normal lambda dna half-molecules. melting curves of each of the cohered halves indicated that only the right-hand termini are altered by nuclease treatment.	1972	16789135
the binding sites for escherichia coli rna polymerase on lambda phage dna: various types of binding sites.		1972	11946581
discrimination by trna of two types of isolated binding sites for e. coli rna-polymerase on phage lambda dna.		1972	11946883
preferential binding of e. coli rna-polymerase to a-t rich sequences of bacteriophage lambda dna.		1971	11945591
the binding sites for escherichia coli rna polymerase on lambda phage dna: characteristics of binding sites on sonicated lambda dna.		1971	11945740
genetic expression in bacteriophage lambda. iv. effects of p2 prophage on lambda inhibition of host synthesis and lambda gene expression.	the effects of p2 prophage on lambda-mediated depression of host metabolism, and on lambda macromolecular synthesis have been studied. experiments employing certain lambdabio deletion mutants and lambda-related phages suggest that the same gene products are involved in inhibition of host metabolism (hin+ function) and susceptibility to p2 inhibition (spi+ function). synthesis of early lambda mrna and protein occurs normally during the first 10 min after lambda infection of p2 lysogens, but subse ...	1971	18619370
amino-acid sequence of lambda phage endolysin.		1971	20480992
regulation of leftward transcription in the j-b2-att region of coliphage lambda.		1971	5087422
light scattering and hydrodynamic properties of linear and circular bacteriophage lambda dna.		1971	5126521
the arrangement of dna in lambda phage heads. i. biological consequences of micrococcal nuclease attack on a portion of the chromosome exposed in tailless heads.		1971	5136580
the arrangement of dna in lambda phage heads. ii. lambda dna after exposure to micrococcal nuclease at the site of head-tail joining.		1971	5136581
regulation of gene expression in bacteriophage lambda.		1971	5138255