Publications

uptake and transport of intact macromolecules in the intestinal epithelium of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the possible immunological implications.	two protein antigens, horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and ferritin, have been administered to the digestive tract of carp. electron-microscopical observations reveal considerable absorption of both antigens in the second segment of the gut (from 70 to 95% of the total length) and also, although to a lesser extent, in the first segment (from 0 to 70% of the total length). even when administered physiologically with food, a large amount of ferritin is absorbed by enterocytes in the second gut segment ...	1985	3986879
separation and partial characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay of different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone from fish (cyprinidae) neurointermediate lobes.	from neurointermediate lobe (nil) extracts of two species of cyprinidae, carassius auratus and cyprinus carpio, several peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a c18 mubondapak column eluted with a methanol/acetic acid/triethylamine mixture. monitoring all fractions by radioimmunoassay (ria) with an antibody against melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) c terminal gave positive reactions for fractions 7, 11-12, 15-16, 23-24, and 25-27. for further characterizat ...	1985	2984088
erythrocytic magnesium in freshwater fishes.	erythrocytic magnesium in rainbow and speckled trout (salmo gairdneri, salvelinus fontinalis) carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus) was examined by correlation analyses involving weight, hemoglobin content, plasma magnesium, erythrocytic sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and unidentified anion concentration and chloride equilibrium potential, and in relation to possible diurnal and seasonal variation as well as with respect to constant, diurnally cycling and progressively in ...	1985	4046640
the structure of the kidney from the freshwater teleost carassius auratus.	the structure of the kidney of the crucian carp (carassius auratus; a freshwater teleost, cypriniformes) was studied by means of reconstruction from serial paraffin and semithin sections. in c. auratus, the wolffian duct traverses the entire kidney. at various levels collecting ducts of different length and thickness join the wolffian duct at right angles. each collecting duct accepts a large number of connecting tubules, which are established by the joining of many nephrons. a regular pattern c ...	1985	3985356
spatial orientation of horizontal cell axon terminals in the carp retina.	in flatmounts of the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina, 646 horizontal cells were singly marked by intracellular lucifer yellow ch (ly) in the presence of dopamine or amphetamine, agents which were useful for restricting ly to single injected cells. most axon terminals of cone-connected horizontal cells have a tendency to orient either radially or tangentially in the retinal field with respect to the optic disc as a center. although the fluorescent cellular (dendritic field) area greatly varied depe ...	1985	4075138
the differentiation of germ cells and gonads during development of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). a study with anti-carp sperm monoclonal antibodies.	gonadal development, germ cell differentiation and the appearance of membrane antigenic determinants, specific for male and female germ cells during gonadogenesis, was studied in larval and juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio l.) until 25 weeks after fertilization. indirect immunofluorescence studies with four monoclonal antibodies raised against carp spermatozoa revealed that monoclonal antibody wcs 29 stained the outer membranes of primordial germ cells in larvae from 3 days after fertilization. th ...	1985	2422310
13c and 113cd nmr studies of the chelation of metal ions by the calcium binding protein parvalbumin.	13c nmr spectra are presented for the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (pi 4.25) from carp muscle in several different metal bound forms: with ca2+ in both the cd and ef calcium binding sites, with cd2+ in both sites, with 113cd2+ in both sites, and with 113cd2+ in the cd site and lu3+ in the ef site. the different metals differentially shift the 13c nmr resonances of the protein ligands involved in chelation of the metal ion. in addition, direct 13c-113cd spin-spin coupling is observed which ...	1985	3932596
responsiveness and receptive field size of carp horizontal cells are reduced by prolonged darkness and dopamine.	in the fish retina the interplexiform cells contain dopamine and provide a centrifugal pathway from the inner plexiform layer to horizontal cells of the outer plexiform layer. dopamine application reduced the responsiveness and receptive field size of cone horizontal cells, as did a prolonged period of complete darkness. other results suggest that the interplexiform cells may release dopamine after a prolonged period in the dark. the interplexiform-horizontal cell system may modify the strength ...	1985	4035351
light and electron microscopic identification of gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of the goldfish by means of immunocytochemistry.	immunocytochemical techniques were used at the light and electron microscopical levels in order to localize and to characterize the gonadotrophs in the goldfish pituitary gland by means of antibodies to carp gonadotrophin (c-gth) or its subunit (c-gth beta). at the light microscopical level antibodies to c-gth reacted weakly with cells located in the rostral pars distalis (rpd) and strongly with cells of the proximal pars distalis (ppd). the labeling was restricted to the proximal pars distalis ...	1985	4043726
h+ and cl- ion equilibrium across the red cell membrane in the carp.	h2o and electrolyte distribution were studied in carp erythrocytes at various ph values achieved by co2/o2 equilibration in vitro. intracellular ph was measured by means of glass electrode and by dmo-14c. rh+, rcl- and rdmo- varied linearly and in a comparable manner with phe. at phe = 7.8, rh+, rcl- and rdmo- were 0.21, 0.29 and 0.30. rcl- and rdmo- were closely correlated and exhibited only minor differences. rh+ was closely correlated with rcl- and rdmo-, but was, however, significantly lower ...	1985	4048671
a predicted structure of calmodulin suggests an electrostatic basis for its function.	by using interactive computer graphics, two models for calmodulin have been constructed based on the structures of two functionally and structurally related proteins, intestinal calcium-binding protein and carp parvalbumin. the two models have been compared and contrasted to the parent proteins with respect to proportion of solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues, solvent-accessible surface area, and side-chain packing. electrostatic potential surfaces generated for the models suggest a probable bi ...	1985	3860834
occurrence of n-acylethanolamine phospholipids in fish brain and spinal cord.	n-acylethanolamine phospholipids were identified in the central nervous system of the fresh water fish, pike (esox lucius) and carp (cyprinus carpio), at levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.9% of total phospholipid. the n-acylethanolamine phospholipids of carp brain were isolated and characterized by chemical, biochemical and spectroscopic methods. two major species, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(n-acyl)ethanolamines (approx. 30%) and 1-o-(1'-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(n-acyl)ethanolamines ...	1985	4016139
tonotopic organization in the midbrain of a teleost fish.	recordings from small clusters of units within the auditory midbrain of the japanese carp, cyprinus carpio, provide the first evidence for tonotopy within the teleost brain. these findings suggest that place mechanisms of frequency coding and tonotopy, previously thought to have evolved first in amphibians, may be general and ancient features of the vertebrate auditory system.	1985	4027605
the influence of antibiotics on the immune system. ii. modulation of fish leukocyte responses in culture.	we report the immunomodulating effect of two tetracycline analogues (oxytetracycline and doxycycline) on mitogenic and allogeneic stimulation of carp (cyprinus carpio) leukocytes in vitro. both drugs interfered with 3h-thymidine incorporation into the dna of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated pronephric leukocytes in a dose-dependent manner. low concentrations of oxytetracycline delayed the mitogenic response, but did not reduce it. in addition, several other antibiotics were tested for their possib ...	1985	2930938
electron probe x-ray microanalysis of post-tetanic ca2+ and mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum in situ.	ca2+ and mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) of frog skeletal muscle fibers were measured in situ by electron probe microanalysis of muscles rapidly frozen following a tetanus. at 400 ms following a 1.2-s tetanus at room temperature, the force had relaxed to base-line, and 0.3 mmol of ca2+/liter of cytoplasmic h2o had been pumped by the sr, indicating that the in situ pumping of the sr ca-atpase is sufficiently high to account for the removal of ca2+ from the ca2+-specific site ...	1985	3158652
reexamination of photoreceptor-bipolar connectivity patterns in carp retina: hrp-em and golgi-em studies.	on- and off-center bipolar cells were identified in the carp retina by means of intracellular recording, intracellular injection of hrp, and golgi silver-chromate impregnation. light and electron microscopy revealed that these functionally different bipolar cells make synaptic contacts with both rods and cones, and that both on- and off-center cells can be further divided into two subtypes (i and ii) according to the relationship between the position of their dendritic processes and the synaptic ...	1985	4056093
uptake and transport of ferritin in the epithelium of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the possible immunological implications.		1985	4028172
kinetic differences at low temperatures between r and t state carbon monoxide-carp hemoglobin.	we use the low-temperature recombination kinetics of carbon monoxide with carp hemoglobin to determine that the r and t states of hemoglobin exhibit different low-temperature geminate recombination kinetics. the peak of the fitted gaussian activation energy spectrum is at 1.5 kcal/mol for r state and 1.8 kcal/mol for t state. the distribution in activation energies is fit well by the agmon-hopfield linear strain model. the t state is fit with a stronger elastic constant than r, and has a larger ...	1985	4016198
studies on the sequence of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene metabolite formation using carp hepatocyte.	metabolism of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6-dipn) was studied in freshly isolated carp hepatocytes with special reference to cytochrome p-450-mediated oxidation. the viability of isolated hepatocytes obtained by use of ca2+-free and collagenase-containing hanks buffer was 93%, judging from both trypan blue penetration and lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) leakage. 2,6-dipn was metabolized to form several oxidized products such as the tertiary hydroxy, the primary hydroxy, and two types of dihydroxy d ...	1985	4006835
an example of interaction between environmental pollutants: modification of thiram toxicity to freshwater organisms by nitrites or nitrates in relation to nitrosamine synthesis.	thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, is known to evolve to dimethylnitrosamine (dmna) when associated with nitrites. conditions of appearance of that carcinogenic compound have been studied in short-term experiments by association of the fungicide, nitrates or nitrites, and species representative of freshwater biota. dmna has been estimated by glc equipped with a specific detector. chlorella vulgaris can rapidly produce nitrites from nitrates and dmna is obtained in presence of thiram. daphnia m ...	1985	4006832
the endocrine activity of isolated follicular cells of the carp ovary in primary culture.	oocytes were isolated from the ovaries of carp females of one breed. interstitial tissue was mechanically removed in order to obtain single oocytes surrounded only by the follicular envelope. such a preparation was trypsinized at room temperature and also with greater success at 37 degrees c. the follicular cell suspension contained both cells and cell clumps. it was the mixture of theca (t) and granulosa (g) cells. the temperature of 37 degrees c was preferable for the successful growth of the ...	1985	3859457
fish lymphokines: the production of growth factors in supernatants of mitogen-stimulated pronephros cells of carp (cyprinus carpio).		1985	3161628
ganglion cells of the terminal nerve: morphology and electrophysiology.	the ganglion cells of the terminal nerve (tn cells) in the carp were identified using intracellular recording and staining techniques. the tn cells showed characteristic location and morphology as well as characteristic responses after electrical shocks to the olfactory nerve and tracts. these features of the tn cells were distinct from those of the mitral or other cells in the olfactory bulb.	1985	4005539
[electrical characteristics of the epithelial tissue and cells of the carp and frog gallbladder].	transepithelial potential and resistance, the ratio of resistance of the apical to the basal cell membranes (ra/rb) were studied during transmural current clamps in isolated frog and fish gall-bladder (gb) with ringer's solution on both sides. the findings show that: 1) the difference between the mucosal and serosal membrane potentials (mps) was 3-8 mv as determined by transmural potential; 2) the ratio ra/rb depends on the mp value: it was less than 1 if mp was about 30 mv, and more than 1 if m ...	1985	4018298
effect of temperature, 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone and prostaglandin f2 alpha on carp oocyte maturation and ovulation in vitro.	two series of experiments were carried out. in series i, studies were conducted on the effect of 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17 alpha 20 beta p; 1 microgram/ml of substrate) on the migration of germinal vesicle (gv) and its breakdown (bd) in the oocytes of carp ovarian fragments, kept at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 degrees c. for investigations ovarian fragments were taken both from intact mature females and from those injected with carp hypophysial homogenate (chh) at a dose of 1 mg ...	1985	3858205
temperature acclimation: improved sustained swimming performance in carp at low temperatures.	at low temperatures, the reduction in mechanical power output of the aerobic muscle forces cold-blooded animals, such as carp, to recruit their rapidly fatiguing anaerobic fibers at relatively slow swimming speeds. previous experimental data have suggested that changes in the biochemistry and morphology of the aerobic muscle during cold acclimation might increase its output of mechanical power. the present experiments show that, because of these changes, carp can swim faster at low temperature u ...	1985	17779642
hormonal changes during induced ovulation of the carp, cyprinus carpio.	the changes in plasma concentrations of eight steroids (testosterone, testosterone glucuronide, estradiol, estradiol glucuronide, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta p), deoxycorticosterone, and cortisol) have been followed in three individual carp, cyprinus carpio, during ovulation induced by carp pituitary extract. deoxycorticosterone and estradiol glucuronide were not detectable and small amounts of 17,20 beta p were found only in one fish. a priming injec ...	1985	4063009
gill arch movements and the function of the dorsal gill arch muscles in the carp.	the activity coordination of the dorsal gill arch muscles in a teleost, the carp, is described and the effect of their contraction in combination with the respiratory pump movements is analysed. based on their origin and insertion the dorsal branchial arch muscles can be divided into three groups: the external branchial arch levators, connecting the branchial arches to the neurocranium, the internal branchial arch levators, connecting the pharyngobranchials to the neurocranium and the dorsal obl ...	1985	4001606
a comparison of physiological changes in carp, cyprinus carpio, induced by several pollutants at sublethal concentrations. i. the dependency on exposure time.	carp were exposed to 10 different pollutants at sublethal concentrations for 6, 24, or 72 hr. blood, liver, and white muscle samples were taken after the exposure time together with samples of control handled fish. serum concentrations of glucose, cortisol protein, and cholesterol were determined. similarly, the liver and muscle glycogen contents were measured. the effects of the following pollutants were examined: aldrin (100 micrograms/liter), atrazine (100 micrograms/liter), ddt (50 microgram ...	1985	3987597
changes in tension generation and atpase activity in skinned muscle fibres of the carp following temperature acclimation.	common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were acclimated to either 7 degrees c or 23 degrees c for 1-2 months. skinned fibre preparations were isolated from the white myotomal muscle, and atpase activity measured during maximal isometric contractions. at 7 degrees c, fibres from the cold acclimated fish were found to generate more force than those from warm acclimated fish (123.1 and 97.2kn m-2 respectively), and more "work" (force x time integral) was obtained for each atp hydrolysed. atp turnover per ...	1985	3160006
l-glutamate depolarizes on-off transient type of amacrine cells in the carp retina: an ionophoretic study.	amacrine cells generating the on-off transient type of photoresponse, which is most frequently encountered, were identified by intracellular recording and staining with a fluorescent dye lucifer yellow in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina. l-glutamate applied ionophoretically slowly depolarized the amacrine cells by about 10 mv and reduced their photoresponses during the application. such changes gradually recovered following the cessation of l-glutamate injection. the results indicate that this ...	1985	2858255
bioassay of fish gonadotrophin by ovarian mitochondrial cholesterol depletion.	murrel (channa punctatus bloch) ovarian tissues were incubated in vitro with or without piscine gonadotrophins and then subjected to subcellular fractionation followed by nonesterified cholesterol (cholesterol) assay. gonadotrophin from salmon (sg-g100), tilapia (tl1ms), and sturgeon (s27ms) depleted cholesterol in the mitochondrial fraction, whereas cholesterol remained unchanged in other subcellular fractions. aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage, bl ...	1985	3988028
dopamine inhibits calcium-independent gamma-[3h]aminobutyric acid release induced by kainate and high k+ in the fish retina.	kainic acid (ka) at micromolar concentrations stimulated the release of gamma-[3h]aminobutyric acid [( 3h]gaba) from a particulate fraction of the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina. the ka action was dose-dependent but ca2+-independent. a similar response was elicited by another glutamate receptor agonist, quisqualic acid, and high k+, but not by an aspartate agonist, n-methyl-d-aspartic acid. the stimulatory action of ka on the [3h]gaba release was selectively blocked by the ka blockers gamma-d-glu ...	1985	3882885
retinal growth in carp of the same age: density and number of dopamine neurons.	research has shown that an increase in the size of retina with fish growth is accompanied by a reduction in the density of monoamine neurons along with an increase in their cell number per retina. the age of fish, however, has not been considered in relation to the above. in the present study, juvenile carp (6.4 +/- 0.7 cm in body length), hatched 2 months earlier, were reared for 10 months under 2 different sets of conditions; one group was kept in a small aquarium at room temperature (rt, 9-26 ...	1985	3986607
structural studies of calcium-binding proteins using nuclear magnetic resonance.	lanthanide-shifted 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy has been used to compare the structure in solution of the ef-hand calcium-binding domains of four parvalbumins (isoelectric ph[pi] 3.95, 4.25, and 4.37 from carp, and pi from buffalo fish). these four parvalbumins are shown by nmr to have very similar structures at the level of resolution typical of x-ray structures. at the higher resolution possible by the lanthanide nmr technique, specific differences are noted between the pi ...	1985	3978195
[mitraspora cyprini fujita, 1912 (protozoa myxosporea bütschli, 1881) in the kidneys of carp from lower saxony pond farms].		1985	3977820
a bifurcate axon of horizontal cells in the carp retina.	in flatmounts of the carp retina, among 368 cone-connected horizontal cells, which were singly marked by intracellular lucifer yellow under various experimental conditions, 15 cells (4.1%) were found to possess a bifurcate axon and two terminals. the lengths of single and bifurcate axonal processes (an axon plus its terminal) are all comparable, ranging from 400 to 600 micron.	1985	3991048
bile acids. lxxvii. large-scale preparation of 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol from carp bile.	an improved method of preparation of 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol from large quantities of carp bile is reported. the following materials were obtained by this method: 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol, 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol, 5 alpha-cholestane 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26-tetrol, an unidentified sterol from the neutral lipid fraction, allocholic acid and allochenodeoxycholic acid from the bile acid fraction. yields of 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol and bile acids vary in different batc ...	1985	4088981
studies of the heterogeneity of carp liver acid phosphatases: acid phosphatase--i. subunit structure and carbohydrate composition.	the three molecular forms of the carp liver acid phosphatase (acpase) were shown to be dimeric proteins, two of them differing in molecular weights. an activating effect of cona binding on the acpases has been observed. acpase i and acpase ii showed a mol. wt of 122,500 and of 58,884 +/- 3000 for their subunits. it is assumed that acpase i is a sialylated derivative of acpase ii. acpase iii has a mol. wt of 93,132 and the two subunits of 46,556 +/- 4000. a homogeneous acpase i was obtained and i ...	1985	4085217
effects of temperature and transfer from seawater to freshwater on blood microrheology in pacific salmon.	blood of pacific salmon was studied with particular interest in red blood cell (rbc) deformability in relation to migration. blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture or chronic cannula placed in the dorsal aorta and heparinized. as an index of rbc deformability the mean passage time of single rbcs through micropores of 8 micron in diameter and 10 micron in length was determined under a pressure difference of 10 cmh2o. despite about 100 mosmol/l difference in plasma osmolality, there was no ...	1985	4068373
a quantitative study of the nucleus rotundus of the carp.	the present work describes the results of a quantitative study of the nucleus rotundus of c. carpio aimed at determining the volume of the nucleus as a whole and the partial volumes corresponding to the rostral and caudal zones. the overall neuronal density of the nucleus and the density of light and dark cells which forms the neuronal population of the nucleus rotundus were also determined; the light cells were the most represented. most cells were found in the rostral portion while the caudal ...	1985	4067283
temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of blood.	the aim of the work was to investigate the temperature effect in physiological range on the dielectric properties of a fish (cyprinus carpio) blood. by applying an empirical non-damaging method and statistical analysis of the dielectric data, it is observed that a heating of carp blood induces an almost linear value variation of the electrical conductivity and permittivity of the intracellular matter of carp red blood cells. the dielectric data, however, reveal anomalous behaviour for conductivi ...	1985	4043438
effect of thiol-reactive reagents on the permeability of fish erythrocyte membrane for spin-labelled non-electrolytes.	carp erythrocytes were treated with p-chloromercuribenzoate or n-ethylmaleimide. it was observed that these thiol-group inhibitors decreased the transport of spin-labelled hydrophilic compound, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, and increased the transport rate of more hydrophobic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl.	1985	4036446
morphometry of muscle fibre types in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). relationships between structural and contractile characteristics.	ultrastructural parameters of muscle fibre types of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were measured and compared with their contractile properties. in red fibres, which are slower than pink fibres, the relative length of the junction between the t system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (t-sr junction) is smaller and the z lines are thicker than in pink fibres. pink fibres have a smaller relative length of t-sr junction than white fibres from the axial muscles. the two types of red fibres present in c ...	1985	4028116
biochemical compartmentation of fish tissues vii non-specific phosphomonoesterases in vital organs.	the viscera were compartmentalised in relation to non-specific phosphomonoesterase in a major carp, a catfish and a murrel. activity was highest in the middle region of the kidney and lowest in the cephalic region of muscle. the observed variations in various regions of the viscera are discussed in relation to feeding habits, growth rate and biochemical make-up of the viscera.	1985	4013773
crystal structure study of opsanus tau parvalbumin by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction.	the crystal structure of a small calcium-binding protein, the parvalbumin iiif from opsanus tau in which tb was substituted for ca, has been analysed by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction. data at a resolution of 2.3 a were collected at three wavelengths near the l3 absorption edge of tb (1.645-1.650 a), using the synchrotron radiation emitted by a storage ring and a multiwire proportional counter. the phases of the reflections were determined from this single derivative, without native data. ...	1985	3965297
the stratum album centrale in the optic tectum of cyprinus carpio.	the most outstanding characteristics of the stratum album centrale of the optic tectum of cyprinus carpio were analyzed by light and electron microscopy, with special reference to the morphology and ultrastructure of the neurons with cell bodies in this stratum. neurons belonging to the stratum album centrale itself are described, both vertical and horizontal in development, together with others which are found in this and the periventricular stratum. the possible involvement of this zone in the ...	1985	3939080
ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of gonadotrophs in the goldfish pituitary gland.	the immunocytochemical distribution of gonadotropin (gth) in the goldfish pituitary gland was studied applying the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) method and the protein a-gold technique at light- and electron-microscopic levels, respectively, with an antiserum raised against silver carp gth. in the light-microscopic immunocytochemistry, pas-positive cells in the proximal pars distalis showed strong reaction with the antiserum. gold particles wee concentrated both on globules (large) and on gran ...	1985	3884161
effect of carp gonadotropin (cgth) and a fraction unabsorbed on concanavalin a-sepharose obtained from cgth on vitellogenesis in the hypophysectomized marine teleost gobius niger.	to investigate whether a differential potency on vitellogenesis exists between the carp gonadotropin (cgth) and fraction i-cgth (proteins from cgth unbound on concanavalin a-sepharose, which represent 5% of cgth in weight), hypophysectomized gobius niger were treated with the two hormonal preparations at the same level. vitellogenesis was checked for synthesis of vitellogenin and yolk incorporation in the ovary by means of immunological studies and histological techniques (light and electron mic ...	1985	3882520
daily changes in the gonadotropin levels and response of carp oocytes to hypophysial homogenate.	daily changes in carp gonadotropin levels in adult female carp and daily changes in carp oocyte sensitivity to carp hypophysial homogenate, in vitro and in vivo, were investigated. a total of three series of experiments were carried out. gonadotropin levels were radioimmunologically determined. the results of series 1 and 2 experiments were subjected to statistical analysis with the use of cosinors circle and ellipse of errors. it has been found that in the mature female carp in the pre-spawning ...	1985	3870844
correlations between photoresponse and morphology of amacrine cells in the carp retina.		1985	3866153
electrical properties of horizontal cell network in the carp retina.		1985	3866150
purification and some properties of a trypsin inhibitor from carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle.	a trypsin inhibitor was purified from carp muscle to apparent homogeneity by the successive chromatographies of deae-cellulose, deae-sepharose cl-6b, con a-sepharose, ultrogel aca 44 and hydroxylapatite. the mol. wt of the inhibitor was estimated to be 58,000 by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or 50,000 by gel filtration. the inhibitor seemed to form a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and elastase, respectively. carp muscle trypsin inhibitor was likely to be ide ...	1985	3846514
a comparison of quantitative ultrastructural and contractile characteristics of muscle fibre types of the perch, perca fluviatilis l.	quantitative ultrastructural and physiological parameters were investigated in three types of muscle fibres of perca fluviatilis: white fibres from the m. levator operculi anterior, pink (intermediate) fibres of the m. hyohyoideus and deep red fibres of the m. levator operculi anterior. times to peak tension and half relaxation times of isometric twitches increased in the mentioned order. the extent of contact between the t system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the relative volume and surfac ...	1985	3837036
[monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens of carp thymocytes (cyprinus carpio l.)].	using the cell fusion technique we have produced monoclonal antibodies directed against carp thymocytes. the monoclonals revealed a different ability for binding to carp lymphocytes of various origin. the antibodies reacting only with lymphocytes seem to react with a membrane structure of a molecular weight of 200 000 to 250 000 daltons.	1985	3158176
detection and some properties of calpain ii (high-ca2+-requiring form of calpain) in carp (cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes.	in order to examine the existence of calpain i, a low (micromolar)-ca2+-requiring form of calpain, in fish tissues, carp erythrocytes were chosen as the experimental material, since only calpain i is known to exist in mammalian erythrocytes. by deae-cellulose chromatography, calpain and calpastatin (specific inhibitor for calpain) were separated from carp erythrocyte hemolysate. carp erythrocyte calpain is classified as calpain ii, a high (millimolar)-ca2+-requiring form of calpain, from the res ...	1985	2992873
latency of horizontal cell response in the carp retina.	the response latency of horizontal cells in the carp retina was investigated by means of the stimulus-response crosscorrelation using a randomly modulated light of various wavelengths. r/g type cells produced two response components with some difference in latency; short-latency hyperpolarising response to green light and long-latency depolarising one to red light. the latency difference could not be made smaller than 14 ms by increasing the intensity of test light. these results were reconciled ...	1985	2992160
[synaptic mechanisms of the responses of olfactory bulb neurons of the carp to odorants].	analysis of synaptic responses to some odorants in 16 secondary olfactory neurons and 5 granule cells of carp olfactory bulb revealed that the periodic discharges of secondary neurons, synchronous with the induced waves, were generated on the basis of dendrodendritic inhibitory interaction with granule interneurons. the mechanisms of tonic, asynchronous discharges in some secondary neurons remained not quite clear.	1985	2983240
isoproterenol-induced desensitization to the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol in ventricular strips isolated from carp heart (cyprinus carpio).	whether the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol in ventricular strips of carp heart is altered by previous exposure to the agonist was studied. isoproterenol produced a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect in these preparations which was competitively antagonized by propranolol. isoproterenol dose-response curves were shifted significantly downward and to the right after previous treatment with and removal of isoproterenol. the desensitization could be demonstrated after 5 mi ...	1985	2866913
the effects of pentachlorophenol, phenol and other pollutants on the liver of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	liver tissue of carp was kept in roller tubes and the basal and epinephrine-induced release of glucose after 6 or 24 hr incubation were measured. the amount of liver glycogen after incubation was also determined. the liver was taken from carp treated in vivo with pollutants, mainly pcp or phenol, or was exposed to these pollutants in vitro. treatment of carp in vivo with 10-10(4) micrograms/l phenol reduced the basal and the epinephrine-induced release of glucose from the liver. treatment with l ...	1985	2866901
some observations on the influence of stress on ecg patterns in oreochromis mossambicus and cyprinus carpio.	electrocardiograms of undisturbed, resting fish as well as disturbed (stressed) fish were recorded by biotelemetry. both fish species showed marked changes in heartbeat patterns in response to stress with tilapia exhibiting the most pronounced changes. a theory is advanced to account for the marked changes in electrocardiogram patterns of disturbed fishes.	1985	2866875
effect of pesticides on the ldh activity and isoenzyme pattern of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) sera.	copper sulphate (cuso4), paraquat (pq) and methidathion (md) all caused tissue necrosis as demonstrated by increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, ec 1.1.1.27) in blood sera. the main target of damage is shown by the isoenzymes appearing in the blood sera. the cuso4 treatment damaged mainly the heart and skeletal muscles. this is indicated by the increased ldh level and the m and h subunits appearing in the isoenzyme pattern of the serum. pq damaged first of all the gills and methidathio ...	1985	2865066
a thrombelastographic study of the effect of stress on the blood coagulation in cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae) and oreochromis mossambicus (cichlidae).	the normal blood coagulation in cyprinus carpio and oreochromis mossambicus was investigated by thrombelastography and standard thrombelastographs were obtained for each species. the effect of stress on blood coagulation was thereafter determined. the thrombelastograms indicated hypercoagulability under stress conditions. a prominent observation is the differences in the elasticity of the clot under various conditions. fibrinolysis occurred in all cases, except in the case of cyprinus carpio aft ...	1985	2864206
the effect of paraquat on the peroxide metabolism enzymes in erythrocytes of freshwater fish species.	the toxic effects of 10 ppm paraquat in vivo on the enzymes superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (c), peroxidase (p), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) and on lipid peroxidation (lp) were estimated in erythrocytes of the carp, the tench and the crucian carp. paraquat caused activity enhancement of the peroxide metabolism enzymes and increase of the lipid peroxidation in the carp and the crucian carp. the enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were dependent on the species and on the length of th ...	1985	2861964
accumulation of pollutants in fish.	the amount of radioactivity which derived from 14c-labeled pollutants was determined in liver, kidney, intestine, blood, muscle and gills of carp, exposed for 6, 24 and 72 hr to high external concentrations of urea, methanol, atrazine and pcp. the results allowed one to calculate roughly the uptake rate for these compounds. it was low for urea (0.055 micrograms/g per hr), higher for methanol (0.12) and atrazine (0.16) and highest for pcp (1.5). the bioaccumulation factors (bfs) were determined f ...	1985	2861946
induction of metal-binding proteins by zinc is accompanied by reduction of other proteins including antibodies.	exposure of carp lymphoid cells to zinc causes formation of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins). metallothionein induction is accompanied by a suppression of the production of other proteins. antibodies are among the proteins which are decreased by zinc exposure. similar results from in vivo experiments indicate that zinc might affect even fish living in water still regarded as unpolluted.	1985	2861052
membrane lipid environment of carp brain and liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase.	delipidation of carp liver mitochondria by treatment with methyl ethyl ketone (mek) or triton x-100 and then perchlorate greatly reduced mao activities. treatment with only triton x-100 resulted in less reduction in activity. the km values of the remaining activities were similar regardless of these treatments. the sensitivities towards clorgyline and l-deprenyl of the remaining activity in the triton x-100-treated residue and the phospholipase c-treated carp brain mitochondria were found to be ...	1985	2861003
sodium-dependent absorption of inorganic phosphate by the carp intestine.	concentrative absorption of inorganic phosphate observed in the stripped and everted intestine of the carp disappeared, when na concentration of the ringer solution was reduced from 150 to 7 mm, or when orthophosphate was replaced with metaphosphate. incubation in the ringer solution gassed with n2 instead of o2 also resulted in loss of the pi absorption. dinitrophenol significantly decreased the unidirectional pi flux from mucosa to serosa (jms) and increased the flux from serosa to mucosa (jsm ...	1985	2858323
in vitro absorption of inorganic phosphate and other electrolytes in the carp intestine.	net movements of water, na, cl, k, ca, mg and pi were measured in the stripped and everted intestine of the carp. a high concentrative absorbtion of pi was observed, whereas na and cl were absorbed almost isotonically. the rate of pi absorption was greater in the middle part than in the anterior or posterior part of the intestine.	1985	2858287
chemical analysis of internal environmental response of carp puntius stigma to ddt.	exposure of puntius stigma to sublethal dose of ddt (0.05 ppm) for 15 days decreased the liver concentrations of protein and dna from 65 +/- 0.91 to 63 +/- 0.78 mg/100 mg and 669 +/- 17 to 575 +/- 14 micrograms/100 mg, respectively whereas rna increased from 8214 +/- 318 to 8929 +/- 209 micrograms/100 mg. biotransformation products of this hydrocarbon interfered in the pathways of protein biosynthesis and induced proteolysis in hepatic tissues. the resulting changes were explained in the light o ...	1985	2416702
connections of the auditory midbrain in a teleost fish, cyprinus carpio.	central auditory pathways were traced in japanese carp, cyprinus carpio, using electrophysiological mapping and hrp tract-tracing methods. multiunit recordings made from the carp torus semicircularis, the major midbrain area for processing octavolateralis information, revealed a mediolateral segregation of auditory and lateral line sensory modalities. iontophoretic injections of hrp were made into the medial torus to trace afferent and efferent projections of the carp auditory midbrain. followin ...	1984	6520250
cloning and sequence analysis of a cdna for the alpha-globin mrna of carp, cyprinus carpio.	a cdna for alpha-globin mrna of the carp, cyprinus carpio, was cloned by the method of okayama and berg (mol. cell. biol. 2 (1982) 161-170) and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the 5' non-coding region contained 23 nucleotides. following this region, there was an open reading frame encoded with an alpha-globin polypeptide consisting of 142 amino acids. the 3' non-coding region was 88 nucleotides in length, including two copies of the hexanucleotide aataaa and a poly(a) site of th ...	1984	6548931
temperature regulation of ovarian steroid production in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., in vivo and in vitro.	the effect of temperature on ovarian steroid production in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., has been studied in vitro with exogenous and endogenous precursors, and in fish held at three different temperatures in vivo. with radioactive testosterone as substrate, the major metabolite was testosterone glucuronide, but androstenedione and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol were also identified. 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,7 alpha,17 beta-triol was tentatively identified and two other polar met ...	1984	6510696
free extracellular [ca2+] at photoreceptor level equals that in vitreous in frog and carp eyes.	the extracellular ca2+ concentration has a strong influence on the function of retinal photoreceptors. in the present study both single- and double-barrelled ca2+-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure the free calcium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid bathing the photoreceptors in opened excised eyes of frogs and carps. the electrode tip was localized electrophysiologically by voltage drops related to current pulses passed radially through the preparation, using the high-resi ...	1984	6334664
rhythmic discharge of mitral cells in the carp olfactory bulb.	we examined conditions in which rhythmic discharges of the mitral cell are obtained in the carp olfactory bulb. when the mean firing rates of the responses to various concentrations of nacl solutions were high (more than 5 hz), rhythmic discharges appeared. results provide experimental support for the rhythm generation hypothesis on the dendrodendritic synapse in the vertebrate olfactory bulb.	1984	6509328
monoclonal antibodies distinguish subtypes of retinal horizontal cells.	sixteen hybridomas have been identified that secrete antibodies specific to horizontal cells in the carp retina. the hybridomas have been classified into three groups based on their antibody staining patterns: group i, staining associated with all horizontal cells; group ii, staining associated with the most abundant subtype of horizontal cell (ch1); and group iii, staining associated with other subtypes of horizontal cells. most of the hybridomas fall in group ii; some of these antibodies stain ...	1984	6385010
dye coupling between amacrine cells in carp retina.	amacrine cells in isolated retinas of the carp (cyprinus carpio) were intracellularly recorded and marked with a fluorescent dye, lucifer yellow. on occasion, dye coupling was found to occur between amacrine cells when the dye was iontophoretically injected into an amacrine cell, generating one of the transient or sustained types of photoresponse. dye-coupled cells in the vicinity of the marked cell were very similar to the marked cell in soma shape and dendritic stratification. dye diffusion is ...	1984	6514234
multiple receptor types for amino acids in the carp olfactory cells revealed by quantitative cross-adaptation method.	a quantitative method of cross-adaptation was developed to explore the difference in the receptor sites for various amino acids in the carp olfactory receptors. the olfactory responses were measured by recording the stimulant-induced waves from the olfactory bulb. cross-adaptation was carried out by varying concentrations of amino acids in a wide range. typical examples of the results obtained are as follows. the response to thr after ser was decreased with increasing concentration of ser applie ...	1984	6089964
bioconcentration potential of polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) fluids by fish.	the water solubilities (s), octanol/water partition coefficients (kow) and bioconcentration factors (bcf) of four polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) fluids covering a wide range of molecular weight were measured. it is shown that a previously described correlation between s and kow for organic chemicals may be invalid for pdms fluids; an alternative correlation is proposed. some pdms fluids tend to have a bioconcentration potential in silver carp.	1984	6523120
pharmacological properties and localization of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the carp retina.	there is a specific dopamine (da)-sensitive adenylate cyclase (ec 4.6.1.1) in the carp retina that can be stimulated by da, da agonists, and potassium. experiments with the presynaptic blocker cobalt and the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine strongly indicate that this adenylate cyclase is located postsynaptically. by separating retinal neurons with velocity sedimentation at unit gravity it was determined that horizontal cells possessed a da-sensitive adenylate cyclase. the sensitivity of these cells ...	1984	6205901
muscle fiber activity in carp as a function of swimming speed and muscle temperature.	these experiments were performed to determine how ectothermal animals maintain their locomotory ability during acute changes in muscle temperature, despite the large thermal dependence of the mechanical properties of their muscle. the electrical activity of the red (slow-twitch) and white (fast-twitch) muscle fibers of carp was monitored while the carp swam at various speeds at 10 and 20 degrees c. the patterns of recruitment of different fiber types were similar at both temperatures. at low spe ...	1984	6465341
static and kinetic studies on carp muscle parvalbumins.	fluorescence titration and fluorescence stopped-flow studies were performed on carp muscle parvalbumin components 1, 2, 3, and 5 (the latter three components were modified with a sh-directed fluorescent reagent, dansyl-l-cysteine). apparent binding constants (kapp) of ca2+ to these components decrease in the order of component 2 (kapp = 2.8 +/- 0.9 x 10(8) m-1) greater than component 1 (kapp = 1.25 +/- 0.25 x 10(8) m-1) greater than component 3 = component 5 (kapp = 4.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(7) m-1) in 3 ...	1984	6438069
[myxosporidia infections of the kidney of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) from lower saxony pond farms].		1984	6435599
phylogeny of interleukins: growth factors produced by leucocytes of the cyprinid fish, cyprinus carpio l.	supernatants of phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-activated pronephric leucocytes from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) contain a lymphocyte growth factor which can induce a proliferative response of purified lymphoblasts but not freshly isolated leucocytes. the growth-promoting activity can be reduced by absorbing the supernatant with mitogen-activated blasts. in addition, increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine into pha-activated blast cells is also induced by supernatants from two-way mixed leucocyte ...	1984	6235177
measurement of facilitated calcium diffusion by a soluble calcium-binding protein.	the flux of calcium through an aqueous compartment was determined in a flow-dialysis cell in which two dialysis membranes separated the middle aqueous compartment from two outer compartments. the contribution of convection to the total calcium flux was large but could be removed by addition of 1% agar. the flux of calcium through the gelled aqueous compartment agreed with theoretical expectations. the self-diffusion coefficient for calcium from these results was calculated to be 0.81 x 10(-5) cm ...	1984	6733098
proximate biochemical composition and caloric content calculated from elemental chn analysis: a stoichiometric concept.	carbohydrate, lipid, and protein compositions are stoichiometrically related to organic chn (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen) contents. elemental chn analyses of total biomass and ash, therefore, provide a basis for the calculation of proximate biochemical composition and bomb caloric value. the classical nitrogen to protein conversion factor (6.25) should be replaced by 5.8±0.13. a linear relation exists between the mass fraction of non-protein carbon and the carbohydrate and lipid content. residual ...	1984	28310880
seasonal effects on clonorchicidal substances from epidermal mucus of cyprinus carpio, ophicephalus argus and parasilurus asotus.		1984	12891043
temperature effects on the electroretinogram of the isolated carp retina.	the electroretinogram was recorded from the isolated retina of the carp while the temperature was varied systematically and while the preparation was under the influence of various pharmacological agents. in addition to the a-wave and the b-wave, the electroretinogram gave evidence of early and late oscillatory potentials. the procedures selectively modified the prominence of these and other less conspicuous components. a particularly significant finding was that some oscillatory potentials are ...	1984	6464694
coupling between horizontal cells in the carp retina revealed by diffusion of lucifer yellow.	electrical coupling among 4 different types of horizontal cells in cyprinus carpio was examined from the diffusion of the intracellularly injected lucifer yellow. the type of horizontal cells was identified by a spectral response and by a distinct morphology when the retina was viewed in flat mounts under a fluorescence microscope. lucifer yellow diffused from the injected cell into surrounding cells, and in all of these preparations, diffusion was limited to horizontal cells of the same morphol ...	1984	6462526
the significance of cortisol for osmoregulation in carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (sarotherodon mossambicus).	changes in plasma cortisol and glucose concentration were studied in carp during acclimation from fresh water (fw) to 1.5% salt water and vice versa. there was an increase in cortisol and glucose concentration during acclimation from fw to salt water which lasted for several days. reacclimation to fw did not cause clear changes in cortisol and glucose levels. one single injection of cortisol (0.2 mg/100 g or 1 mg/100 g) and additional transfer to salt water (1.5% for carp and 2.7% for tilapia) a ...	1984	6329900
primary structure, biochemical and physiological aspects of hemoglobin from south american lungfish (lepidosiren paradoxus, dipnoi).	the south american lungfish has only one hemoglobin component. the complete amino-acid sequence of this hemoglobin is presented. a large quantity of carbonate dehydratase from the lungfish erythrocytes was also isolated. the carboxymethylated chains, obtained by separation of globin on deae-sephacel, were submitted to tryptic digestion and chemical cleavage. the isolation of tryptic peptides was achieved either by dowex-50 chromatography or by high performance liquid chromatography. the alignmen ...	1984	6090299
responses of the swimbladder of the carp to sound stimulation.	the oscillations of the swimbladder anterior chamber of the carp (cyprinus carpio) following stimulation with tones of 300-1500 hz were studied by the method of holographic interferometry. the oscillation amplitude appeared to be maximal at frequencies close to the resonance frequency of an air bladder of equivalent volume as well as at frequencies corresponding approximately to the second and third harmonics of the resonance frequency. a change in the frequency of the sound signal or in the ins ...	1984	6746428
fish liver protein synthesis during cold acclimatization: seasonal changes of the ultrastructure of the carp hepatocyte.	a cell-free system, active in protein synthesis, was constructed using ribosomes and supernatant factors isolated from the livers of winter-acclimatized carps. upon seasonal adaptation, the hepatocytes of these fishes exhibited distinctive morphological features that were not sex dependent. the cytoarchitecture of the liver cell from summer carps is consistent with the cellular arrangements found when the rate of gene expression is high. during winter, several morphological features reveal that ...	1984	6429270
effects of insulin on the fine structure of hepatocytes from winter-acclimatized carps: studies on protein synthesis.	male and female winter-acclimatized carps were injected with insulin. this treatment resulted in a sharp decrease in the liver glycogen content. although an increase in the ribosomal rna level was also observed, a cell-free system obtained from the hormone-treated fish exhibited less amino acid incorporation activity as compared to the control fish. however, polysomes from insulin-treated fish exhibited a higher amino acid incorporating activity when a soluble fraction of untreated winter carps ...	1984	6376692
dielectric studies on the reaction of the intracellular matter of fish red blood cells to detergent toxicity.	results from dielectric studies on the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio exposed to a sublethal concentration of sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate were compared with those from untreated control fish; recovery from the test solution was also checked. the influence of the anionic detergent on the intracellular matter of fish red blood cells was investigated by measurement of electrical conductivity and permittivity using a method that did not harm the cell membrane. the results were compared with a c ...	1984	6330770
a new breeding system using gynogenesis and sex-reversal for fast inbreeding in carp.	a new breeding technique is demonstrated using gynogenesis and sex-reversal. the essence of this method is an adequate alternation of gynogenesis and sibmating with a maximal increase in the coefficient of inbreeding. the rate of this increase considerably exceeds that characteristic of sibmating. the change in the coefficient of inbreeding (f) and in the degree of genotypic identity (i) were determined in the carp in which 9 recombination probabilities are known. in the gs system the value of f ...	1984	24258835
an immunofluorescence study on the occurrence of endogenous lectins in the differentiating oocytes of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix valenc.) and tench (tinca tinca l.).		1984	6370924
on the sensitivity of h1 horizontal cells of the carp retina to glutamate, aspartate and their agonists.	threshold concentrations for l-glutamate, l-aspartate and their agonists, kainate, quisqualate and n-methyl-d,l-aspartate, were determined for horizontal cells of the intact carp retina and horizontal cells that were enzymatically isolated and maintained in culture. our results indicate that uptake or other mechanisms decrease the apparent sensitivity of these cells in the intact retina to l-glutamate by 25-200 times. our findings also suggest that l-glutamate is more likely a photoreceptor tran ...	1984	6143589
[myxosporidia-caused swimbladder inflammation in carp fry].		1984	6428391
electrical and morphological properties of off-center bipolar cells in the carp retina.	electrical membrane properties of carp off-center bipolar cells were studied by injecting a ramp of current (changing at a rate of about 0.3 na/s) through one barrel of a double-barreled electrode and recording the voltage drop through the other barrel. the light-elicited response reversed the polarity at a positive membrane potential. the current-voltage curve showed inward and outward rectifications which modified the amplitude of the light-elicited response. the degree of membrane rectificati ...	1984	6699207