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effect of antimicrobial peptides divergicin m35 and nisin a on listeria monocytogenes lsd530 potassium channels.the aim of this work was to study the effect of antimicrobial peptides: divergicin m35 and nisin a on listeria monocytogenes lsd 530 potassium (k+) channels: atp-sensitive (k atp), calcium-activated (bk ca), and depolarization-activated (kv) types. increase on k+ efflux and inhibition of cellular growth were observed after adding k+ channel activators pinacidil, ns1619, and cromakalim to divergicin m35. increase in k+ efflux from log-phase cells was about 18 +/- 1.1, 11 +/- 0.63, and nmol mg(-1) ...200818379845
attenuated listeria infection activates natural killer cell cytotoxicity to regress melanoma growth in vivo.listeria monocytogenes infection induces various types of immune responses. the lm-induced immunity not only protects the hosts against lm infection but also has a therapeutic effect on other diseases such as tumors and infectious diseases. in the present study, we sought to identify the cells and molecules that are primarily responsible for the lm-induced antitumor immune response. we investigated the mechanism of the antitumor immune response induced by lm infection using melanoma cells and va ...200818380808
using oligonucleotide suspension arrays for laboratory identification of bacteria responsible for bacteremia.the aim of this study was to develop and validate an oligonucleotide suspension array for rapid identification of 15 bacterial species responsible for bacteremia, particularly prevalent in chinese hospitals. the multiplexed array, based on the qiagen liquichip workstation, included 15 oligonucleotide probes which were covalently bound to different bead sets. pcr amplicons of a variable region of the bacterial 23s rrna genes were hybridized to the bead-bound probes. thirty-eight strains belonging ...200818381803
testing human biologicals in animal host resistance models.the purpose of immunotoxicity testing is to obtain data that is meaningful for safety assessment. host resistance assays are the best measure of a toxicant's effect on the overall ability to mount an effective immune response and protect the host from infectious disease. an outline is presented for immunotoxicological evaluation using host resistance assays. the influenza virus host resistance model is useful to evaluate the overall health of the immune system and is one of the most thoroughly c ...200818382855
mechanical properties of a gelidium corneum edible film containing catechin and its application in sausages.we prepared an edible gelidium corneum (gc) film containing catechin and examined the microbial growth and quality change during storage of sausages packaged with the film. incorporation of catechin in the film improved film tensile strength and water vapor permeability. the film's antimicrobial activity against eschericha coli o157:h7 increased with increasing catechin concentrations and resulted in a decrease in the populations of the bacteria by 1.93 log cfu/g at 150 mg of catechin. for the s ...200818387102
biodegradable polylactic acid polymer with nisin for use in antimicrobial food packaging.biodegradable polylactic acid (pla) polymer was evaluated for its application as a material for antimicrobial food packaging. pla films were incorporated with nisin to for control of foodborne pathogens. antimicrobial activity of pla/nisin films against listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella enteritidis were evaluated in culture media and liquid foods (orange juice and liquid egg white). scanned electron micrograph and confocal laser microscopy revealed that nisin parti ...200818387115
multi-method approach indicates no presence of sub-lethally injured listeria monocytogenes cells after mild heat treatment.application of mild inactivation treatments follows an increasing trend in the food industry and is often combined with sub-optimal intrinsic product conditions to ensure appropriate level of microbial safety. listeria monocytogenes was subjected to mild heat treatment (20 min at 60 degrees c) and subsequently exposed to various mild preservation conditions based on increased nacl concentration and decreased ph. recovery and resuscitation of l. monocytogenes cells were studied using various meth ...200818387685
constitutive crosspresentation of tissue antigens by dendritic cells controls cd8+ t cell tolerance in vivo.immature dendritic cells (dcs) sample tissue-specific antigens (tsas) and process them for "crosspresentation" via major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and ii molecules. findings with adoptively transferred t cell receptor (tcr)-transgenic cd8+ t cells in transgenic mice expressing model tsa indicate that this process contributes to tolerance induction of cd8+ t cells, a phenomenon termed "crosstolerance." however, up to now it has been unknown whether "crosstolerance" can also control ...200818387832
effect of inoculum preparation procedure and storage time and temperature on the fate of listeria monocytogenes on inoculated salami.although dry/semidry fermented sausages are characterized as being of low-to-moderate risk for human listeriosis on a per-serving and per-annum basis, data are lacking relative to the fate of postprocessing listeria monocytogenes contamination during storage of such products. this study evaluated the effect of inoculum preparation and storage conditions on the fate of l. monocytogenes on vacuum-packaged salami. commercially produced salami was sliced and inoculated (4 +/- 1.3 log cfu/ cm2) with ...200818389691
antibacterial efficiency of spanish satureja montana essential oil against listeria monocytogenes among natural flora in minced pork.the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of winter savory (satureja montana) essential oil (eo) for control of growth and survival of experimentally inoculated listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b (10(4) cfu/g) among natural flora in minced pork. eos of french thyme (thymus vulgaris f) and rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) cultivated in the same region of aragon (northeastern spain) were used as reference ingredients. the eos obtained by hydrodistillation were added at concentrati ...200818389692
low prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in cull sows and pork.the goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in sows slaughtered at a single midwestern plant on two occasions (trial 1, n = 179 sows; trial 2, n = 160 sows). fecal samples collected antemortem (trial 1) as well as animal tissues, and carcass swabs collected at the abattoir (trials 1 and 2) were analyzed. eight isolates of l. monocytogenes were recovered from five samples that represented 0.18% of the total samples (n = 2,775). in trial 1, l. monocytogenes was ...200818389698
effect of acidified sodium chlorite, chlorine, and acidic electrolyzed water on escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto leafy greens.recent foodborne outbreaks implicating spinach and lettuce have increased consumer concerns regarding the safety of fresh produce. while the most common commercial antimicrobial intervention for fresh produce is wash water containing 50 to 200 ppm chlorine, this study compares the effectiveness of acidified sodium chlorite, chlorine, and acidic electrolyzed water for inactivating escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto leafy greens. fresh mixed greens wer ...200818389712
use of uv light for the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria species in recirculated chill brines.ready-to-eat meat products have been implicated in several foodborne listeriosis outbreaks. microbial contamination of these products can occur after thermal processing when products are chilled in salt brines. the objective of this study was to evaluate uv radiation on the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria in a model brine chiller system. two concentrations of brine (7.9% [wt/wt] or 13.2% [wt/wt]) were inoculated with a approximately 6.0 log cfu/ml cocktail of l. m ...200818389713
influence of peroxyacetic acid and nisin and coculture with enterococcus faecium on listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation.biofilm formation is a matter of concern in food industries because biofilms facilitate the survival of pathogenic bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes, which may contaminate food-processing equipment and products. in this study, nisin and two enterococcus faecium strains were evaluated for their effect on biofilm formation by l. monocytogenes cultured in brain heart infusion broth and on stainless steel coupons. elimination of preformed l. monocytogenes biofilms by peroxyacetic acid also was ...200818389714
microbial growth and the effects of mild acidification and preservatives in refrigerated sweet potato puree.refrigerated sweet potato puree is a convenient form of sweet potato that can be used as an ingredient in formulated foods. the microbiology of refrigerated sweet potato puree during storage for up to 5 weeks was evaluated. because the puree was made by comminuting steam-cooked sweet potatoes before refrigeration, no naturally occurring vegetative bacterial cells were detected during a 4-week period of refrigerated storage at 4 degrees c. however, if postprocessing microbial contamination of the ...200818389715
the long isoform of cellular flip is essential for t lymphocyte proliferation through an nf-kappab-independent pathway.although the long isoform of cellular flip (c-flip(l)) has been implicated in tcr-mediated signaling, its role in t cell proliferation remains controversial. some studies have demonstrated that overexpression of c-flip(l) promotes t cell proliferation and nf-kappab activation, whereas others have reported that c-flip(l) overexpression has no effect or even inhibits t cell proliferation. to establish the role of c-flip(l) in t lymphocyte proliferation, we have generated a conditional knockout mou ...200818390734
protein kinase c-theta critically regulates the proliferation and survival of pathogen-specific t cells in murine listeriosis.protein kinase c-theta (pkc-theta) is essential for the activation of t cells in autoimmune disorders, but not in viral infections. to study the role of pkc-theta in bacterial infections, pkc-theta(-/-) and wild-type mice were infected with listeria monocytogenes (lm). in primary and secondary listeriosis, the numbers of lm-specific cd8 and cd4 t cells were drastically reduced in pkc-theta(-/-) mice, resulting in increased cfus in spleen and liver of both pkc-theta(-/-) c57bl/6 and balb/c mice. ...200818390745
acquisition of the vacuolar atpase proton pump and phagosome acidification are essential for escape of francisella tularensis into the macrophage cytosol.the francisella tularensis-containing phagosome (fcp) matures to a late-endosome-like phagosome prior to bacterial escape into the cytosols of macrophages, where bacterial proliferation occurs. our data show that within the first 15 min after infection of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdms), approximately 90% of the fcps acquire the proton vacuolar atpase (vatpase) pump and the lysomotropic dye lysotracker, which concentrates in acidic compartments, similar to phagosomes harboring ...200818390995
blood monocytes: distinct subsets, how they relate to dendritic cells, and their possible roles in the regulation of t-cell responses.monocytes can have important effects on the polarization and expansion of lymphocytes and may contribute to shaping primary and memory t-cell responses in humans and mice. however, their precise contribution in terms of cellular subsets and the molecular mechanisms involved remains to be determined. mouse monocytes originate from a bone marrow progenitor, the macrophage and dc precursor (mdp), which also gives rise to conventional dendritic cells through a separate differentiation pathway. mouse ...200818392044
processing plant persistent strains of listeria monocytogenes appear to have a lower virulence potential than clinical strains in selected virulence models.listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne bacterial pathogen that can colonize food processing equipment. one group of genetically similar l. monocytogenes strains (rapd type 9) was recently shown to reside in several independent fish processing plants. persistent strains are likely to contaminate food products, and it is important to determine their virulence potential to evaluate risk to consumers. we compared the behaviour of food processing persistent and clinical l. monocytogenes str ...200818394737
listeria comet tails: the actin-based motility machinery at work.listeria monocytogenes is a master of mimicry that uses the host cell actin system both to move within the cytoplasm of infected cells and for cell-to-cell spread. recent studies of listeria and similarly acting pathogens have generated leaps in our understanding of the actin-based force producing machinery. this machinery is essential for most motile properties of cells, not least for cell migration. in a minimal configuration, it consists of the arp2/3-complex, ena-vasp proteins, cofilin, capp ...200818396046
importance of murine vdelta1gammadelta t cells expressing interferon-gamma and interleukin-17a in innate protection against listeria monocytogenes infection.murine gammadelta t cells participate in the innate immune response against infection by an intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. vdelta1+gammadelta t cells coexpressing vgamma6 are a major gammadelta t-cell subpopulation induced at an early stage of l. monocytogenes infection in the livers of infected mice. to investigate the protective role of the vgamma6/vdelta1+gammadelta t cells against l. monocytogenes infection, vdelta1 gene-deficient (vdelta1-/-) mice were analysed because these ...200818397272
interactions of some common pathogenic bacteria with acanthamoeba polyphaga.protozoan grazing is a major trophic pathway whereby the biomass re-enters the food web. nonetheless, not all bacteria are digested by protozoa and the number known to evade digestion, resulting in their environmental augmentation, is increasing. we investigated the interactions of bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), with the amoeb ...200818399997
prodrug converting enzyme gene delivery by l. monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a highly versatile bacterial carrier system for introducing protein, dna and rna into mammalian cells. the delivery of tumor antigens with the help of this carrier into tumor-bearing animals has been successfully carried out previously and it was recently reported that l. monocytogenes is able to colonize and replicate within solid tumors after local or even systemic injection.200818402662
effect of water activity on inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and lactate dehydrogenase during high pressure processing.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water activity (aw) on the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) during high pressure processing (hpp). for microbial inactivation lyophilized cells of l. monocytogenes 19,115 were left dry or were suspended in 10 ml of 0.1% peptone water, 10 ml of glycerol, or mixtures of glycerol and peptone water. all samples of various aws were high pressure (hp) processed at ambient temperature at 600 mpa for 300 s. foll ...200818403036
effective t-cell immune responses in the absence of the serine/threonine kinase rip2.the serine/threonine kinase rip2 has been reported to be essential for nod1 and nod2 mediated cell activation, and has been suggested to play a role in the signaling cascade downstream of the t-cell receptor. we sought to ascertain the exact role of rip2 in t-helper cell differentiation and cd8+ t-cell effector function in vivo and in vitro. in contrast to previous reports, we found that rip2-deficient t cells did not exhibit impaired proliferation upon tcr engagement in vitro, and differentiati ...200818403232
lipopolysaccharide sensing an important factor in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infections: benefits and hazards of lps hypersensitivity.in this review, we summarize our investigations concerning the differential importance of cd14 and lbp in toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (md-2)-mediated signaling by smooth and rough-form lipopolysaccharide (lps) chemotypes and include the results obtained in studies with murine and human tlr4-transgenic mice. furthermore, we present more recent data on the mechanisms involved in the induction of lps hypersensitivity by bacterial and viral infections and on the rea ...200818406367
fusogenicity of membranes: the impact of acid sphingomyelinase on innate immune responses.acid sphingomyelinase (asmase) has been implemented in cellular signaling mainly because its reaction product, ceramide, has been assumed to be a mediator within signaling pathways. our studies of three independent infection systems show that asmase is required for phago-lysosomal fusion in macrophages infected with listeria monocytogenes, for exocytosis of secretory lysosomes by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific cytotoxic t cells, and for generation of multinucleated giant cells in gr ...200818406376
immediate lymphotoxin beta receptor-mediated transcriptional response in host defense against l. monocytogenes.the lymphotoxin beta receptor (ltbetar) mediates crucial signals in host defense against intracellular bacteria and viruses. mice deficient in ltbetar readily succumb to infections with listeria monocytogenes, mycobacterium tuberculosis and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). ltbetar has been shown to be important for the early induction of interferon (ifn) beta after infection with mcmv. however, up to now, it is not known which host effector molecules are induced in cells of the innate immune syste ...200818406380
modelling the effect of the redox potential and ph of heating media on listeria monocytogenes heat resistance.study the effect of redox potential and ph of the heating media on listeria monocytogenes heat resistance and model its action at fixed temperature.200818410341
investigation into the effect of detergents on disinfectant susceptibility of attached escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes.investigate the effect of detergent treatment on susceptibility of attached escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes to subsequent disinfectant treatment.200818410344
epstein-barr virus-induced gene 3 negatively regulates il-17, il-22 and rorgamma t.epstein-barr virus-induced gene 3 (ebi3) associates with p28 to form il-27 and with il-12p35 to form il-35. il-27ralpha(-/-) mice studies indicate that il-27 negatively regulates th17 cell differentiation. however, no ebi3, p28 or p35-deficiency studies that directly address the role of ebi3, p28 or p35 on th17 cells have been done. here, we demonstrate that spleen cells derived from ebi3(-/-) mice produce significantly higher levels of il-17 as well as il-22 upon stimulation with ova. in vitro ...200818412165
fate of foodborne pathogens on green onions and tomatoes by electrolysed water.to investigate the efficacy of electrolysed water (ew) in killing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of spot-inoculated green onions and tomatoes.200818416702
effects of dielectrophoresis on growth, viability and immuno-reactivity of listeria monocytogenes.abstract: dielectrophoresis (dep) has been regarded as a useful tool for manipulating biological cells prior to the detection of cells. since dep uses high ac electrical fields, it is important to examine whether these electrical fields in any way damage cells or affect their characteristics in subsequent analytical procedures. in this study, we investigated the effects of dep manipulation on the characteristics of listeria monocytogenes cells, including the immuno-reactivity to several listeria ...200818416836
porcine beta-defensin 2 displays broad antimicrobial activity against pathogenic intestinal bacteria.defensins are small antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in the innate immune system of mammals. here, we describe the antimicrobial activity of pbd-2, a recently discovered new porcine defensin that is produced in the intestine. a synthetic peptide corresponding to the mature protein showed high antimicrobial activity against a broad range of pathogenic bacteria, while it only showed limited hemolytic activity against porcine red blood cells. highest activity was observed against ...200817658606
intracytosolic listeria monocytogenes induces cell death through caspase-1 activation in murine macrophages.listeria monocytogenes induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in a variety of cell types. however, the mechanism of cell death in l. monocytogenes-infected macrophages was initially reported to be distinct from apoptosis. here, we studied the mechanism of l. monocytogenes-induced cell death using sensitive fluorescent techniques. we found that caspase-1 activation preceded cell death of macrophages infected with l. monocytogenes, using fluorogenic substrates. caspase-1 activation was diminished ...200817662073
evaluating the growth of listeria monocytogenes in refrigerated ready-to-eat frankfurters: influence of strain, temperature, packaging, lactate and diacetate, and background microflora.this research was conducted to study the growth of listeria monocytogenes inoculated on frankfurters stored at different conditions as a basis for a safety-based consume by shelf life date label. three l. monocytogenes strains were separately inoculated at 10 to 20 cfu/cm2 onto frankfurters that were previously formulated with or without high pressure and with or without added 2% potassium lactate (pl) and 0.2% sodium diacetate (sd). inoculated frankfurters were air or vacuum packaged; stored at ...200818810864
competitiveness and antibacterial potential of bacteriocin-producing starter cultures in different types of fermented sausages.application of bacteriocin-producing starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria in fermented sausage production contributes to food safety. this is sometimes hampered by limited efficacy in situ and by uncertainty about strain dependency and universal applicability for different sausage types. in the present study, a promising antilisterial-bacteriocin producer, lactobacillus sakei ctc 494, was applied as a coculture in addition to commercial fermentative starters in different types of dry-ferment ...200818810865
dynamic modeling of listeria monocytogenes growth in pasteurized vanilla cream after postprocessing contamination.a product-specific model was developed and validated under dynamic temperature conditions for predicting the growth of listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized vanilla cream, a traditional milk-based product. model performance was also compared with growth predictor and sym'previus predictive microbiology software packages. commercially prepared vanilla cream samples were artificially inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of l. monocytogenes, with an initial concentration of 102 cfu g(-1), and sto ...200818810866
modeling survival of listeria monocytogenes in the traditional greek soft cheese katiki.in the present work, survival of listeria monocytogenes in the traditional greek soft, spreadable cheese katiki was studied throughout the shelf life of the product. samples of finished cheese were inoculated with a cocktail of five l. monocytogenes strains (ca. 6 log cfu g(-1)) and stored at 5, 10, 15, and 20 degrees c. acid-stress adaptation or cross-protection to the same stress was also investigated by inoculation of acid-adapted cells in the product. the results showed that pathogen surviva ...200818810867
efficacy of plant essential oils against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria associated with ready-to-eat vegetables: antimicrobial and sensory screening.the objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils (eos) against foodborne pathogens and key spoilage bacteria pertinent to ready-to-eat vegetables and to screen the selected eos for sensory acceptability. the eos basil, caraway, fennel, lemon balm, marjoram, nutmeg, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, and thyme were evaluated. the bacteria evaluated were listeria spp., staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus spp., bacillus cereus, salmonella, enterobacte ...200818810868
enhanced inactivation of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria by fd&c red no. 3 and other xanthene derivatives during ultrahigh pressure processing.variability among microorganisms in barotolerance has been demonstrated at genus, species, and strain levels. identification of conditions and additives that enhance the efficacy of ultrahigh pressure (uhp) against important foodborne microorganisms is crucial for maximizing product safety and stability. preliminary work indicated that fd&c red no. 3 (red 3), a xanthene derivative, was bactericidal and acted synergistically with uhp against lactobacillus spp. the objective of this study was to d ...200818810870
modeling the physiological state of the inoculum and co2 atmosphere on the lag phase and growth rate of listeria monocytogenes.in previous studies, the growth of l. monocytogenes has been modeled under different co2 headspace concentrations; however, the inoculum cells were always in the stationary phase. in this study, the growth of l. monocytogenes under different co2 concentrations as affected by the physiological state of the cells was investigated. exponential-growth-phase, stationary-phase, dried, and starved cells were prepared and inoculated at 5 degrees c into brain heart infusion broths that had been preequili ...200818810878
antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. against foodborne pathogens.xanthorrhizol, isolated from the ethanol extract of curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb., is a sesquiterpene compound with a molecular weight of 218. the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol against foodborne pathogens. the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol was measured in terms of the mic and the mbc. mics and mbcs of xanthorrhizol against bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, and ...200818810881
microbial and sensory characteristics of camel meat during refrigerated storage as affected by gamma irradiation.the present study was undertaken to assess the microbiological profile of fresh camel meat and the possibility of improving microbial quality and extending the refrigerated storage life of meat by using low-dose gamma irradiation. camel meat samples were subjected to 0 (control), 1.5 and 3 kgy doses and stored at 3 +/- 1 degrees c. the microbial and sensory attributes were evaluated. exposure to 1.5 kgy dose significantly reduced the initial counts of aerobic plate counts (apcs), psychrophilic b ...200818814652
gilt is a critical host factor for listeria monocytogenes infection.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, intracellular, food-borne pathogen that can cause severe illness in humans and animals. on infection, it is actively phagocytosed by macrophages; it then escapes from the phagosome, replicates in the cytosol, and subsequently spreads from cell to cell by a non-lytic mechanism driven by actin polymerization. penetration of the phagosomal membrane is initiated by the secreted haemolysin listeriolysin o (llo), which is essential for vacuolar escape in vitr ...200818815593
protein expression by listeria monocytogenes grown on a rte-meat matrix.little is known about whether the growth of l. monocytogenes on a ready-to-eat (rte) meat matrix has an impact on the bacterium's pathogenic capabilities. in this report, we examined protein expression by l. monocytogenes grown on rte sliced turkey meat, using l. monocytogenes grown on brain-heart-infusion agar as a control. total protein fractions of l. monocytogenes from both growth conditions were extracted and compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. seventy-seven proteins expressed ...200818817996
mechanism of synergistic inhibition of listeria monocytogenes growth by lactic acid, monolaurin, and nisin.the combined lactic acid, monolaurin, and nisin effects on time-to-detection (optical density at 600 nm) extension were greater (p < 0.05) than any single or paired combination effect, which demonstrates a synergistic interaction among the antimicrobials. monolaurin exposure caused c12:0 cell membrane incorporation. lactic acid caused increased monolaurin c12:0 membrane incorporation, while nisin had no influence. we postulate that lactic acid-enhanced monolaurin c12:0 incorporation into the cel ...200818820062
antimicrobial effects of turkish propolis, pollen, and laurel on spoilage and pathogenic food-related microorganisms.the antimicrobial activities of propolis extract, pollen extract, and essential oil of laurel (laurus nobilis l.) at concentrations from 0.02% to 2.5% (vol/vol) were investigated on bacteria (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, yersinia enterocolitica, enterococcus faecalis, and listeria monocytogenes), yeasts (saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida rugosa), and molds (aspergillus niger and rhizopus oryzae). pollen has no antimicrobi ...200818800911
pillars article: development of th1 cd4+ t cells through il-12 produced by listeria-induced macrophages. 1993. science 260(5107): 547-549. 200818802044
infection of myeloid dendritic cells with listeria monocytogenes leads to the suppression of t cell function by multiple inhibitory mechanisms.myeloid dendritic cells (dc) and macrophages play an important role in pathogen sensing and antimicrobial defense. in this study we provide evidence that myeloid dc respond to infection with listeria monocytogenes with simultaneous induction of multiple stimulatory and inhibitory molecules. however, the overall impact of infected dc during t cell encounter results in suppression of t cell activation, indicating that inhibitory pathways functionally predominate. inhibitory activity of infected dc ...200818802101
antimicrobial efficacy of citron essential oil on spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in fruit-based salads.the aim of this study was the evaluation of the effects of pure citral and citron essential oil on microbial spoilage and growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms during storage. they were added in the syrup of industrial ready-to-eat fruit salads stored at 9 degrees c. both citral (25 to 125 ppm) and citron essential oil (300, 600, 900 ppm) were able to prolong the microbial shelf life of the fruit-based salads. the essential oil gave excellent results, avoiding the undesirable effects ...200818803716
resistance of nutrient-deprived listeria monocytogenes 10403s and a deltasigb mutant to chemical stresses in the presence or absence of oxygen.nutrient-deprived listeria monocytogenes have increased resistance to processing control measures. heat-stressed l. monocytogenes cells produce higher counts under anaerobic conditions and sigb reportedly contributes to the survival of environmentally stressed gram-positive bacteria. in this study, a wild type (wt) strain, l. monocytogenes 10403s, and a deltasigb mutant, fsla1-254, were stressed by starvation in phosphate buffered saline coupled with exposure to chemicals with/without oxygen. in ...200818803717
wasp identity theft by a bacterial effector.espf(u), a protein secreted by pathogenic enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), activates n-wasp/wasp to induce actin pedestal formation in host cells. two recent papers in nature show that espf(u) exploits a wasp activation strategy so extreme that it may effectively sequester wasp, blinding it to both autoinhibition and cellular regulation.200818804428
gene expression profiling of listeria monocytogenes strain f2365 during growth in ultrahigh-temperature-processed skim milk.to study how listeria monocytogenes survives and grows in ultrahigh-temperature-processed (uht) skim milk, microarray technology was used to monitor the gene expression profiles of strain f2365 in uht skim milk. total rna was isolated from strain f2365 in uht skim milk after 24 h of growth at 4 degrees c, labeled with fluorescent dyes, and hybridized to "custom-made" commercial oligonucleotide (35-mers) microarray chips containing the whole genome of l. monocytogenes strain f2365. compared to l. ...200818806004
identification of components of the sigma b regulon in listeria monocytogenes that contribute to acid and salt tolerance.sigma b (sigma(b)) is an alternative sigma factor that controls the transcriptional response to stress in listeria monocytogenes and is also known to play a role in the virulence of this human pathogen. in the present study we investigated the impact of a sigb deletion on the proteome of l. monocytogenes grown in a chemically defined medium both in the presence and in the absence of osmotic stress (0.5 m nacl). two new phenotypes associated with the sigb deletion were identified using this mediu ...200818806006
inflammation and autoimmunity caused by a shp1 mutation depend on il-1, myd88, and a microbial trigger.a recessive phenotype called spin (spontaneous inflammation) was induced by n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (enu) mutagenesis in c57bl/6j mice. homozygotes display chronic inflammatory lesions affecting the feet, salivary glands and lungs, and antichromatin antibodies. they are immunocompetent and show enhanced resistance to infection by listeria monocytogenes. tlr-induced tnf and il-1 production are normal in macrophages derived from spin mice. the autoinflammatory phenotype of spin mice is fully suppres ...200818806225
conjugated action of two species-specific invasion proteins for fetoplacental listeriosis.the ability to cross host barriers is an essential virulence determinant of invasive microbial pathogens. listeria monocytogenes is a model microorganism that crosses human intestinal and placental barriers, and causes severe maternofetal infections by an unknown mechanism. several studies have helped to characterize the bacterial invasion proteins inla and inlb. however, their respective species specificity has complicated investigations on their in vivo role. here we describe two novel and com ...200818806773
lactococcus lactis-expressing listeriolysin o (llo) provides protection and specific cd8(+) t cells against listeria monocytogenes in the murine infection model.lactococcus lactis has previously been proposed as a vaccine platform for the safe delivery of heterologous antigens. here we utilized l. lactis as a live vector for expression of listeriolysin o (llo), a major listeria monocytogenes antigen and virulence factor. a variety of plasmid constructs were designed to permit either constitutive or nisin-inducible expression of secreted or non-secreted llo in l. lactis. recombinant strains were subsequently tested in a murine model for vaccination effic ...200818691625
enhanced gene delivery using disulfide-crosslinked low molecular weight polyethylenimine with listeriolysin o-polyethylenimine disulfide conjugate.one of the most important requirements for non-viral gene delivery systems is the ability to mediate high levels of gene expression with low toxicity. after the dna/vector complexes are taken up by cells through endocytosis, dna is typically contained within the endocytic compartments and rapidly degraded due to the low ph and hydrolytic enzymes within endosomes and lysosomes, limiting its accessibility to the cytosol and ultimately to the nucleus. in this study, the endosomolytic protein lister ...200818692533
biodiversity of the microbial community in a spanish farmhouse cheese as revealed by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.the microbial diversity within alberquilla cheese, made from a spontaneously fermented mixture of raw goats' and sheep's milk in the alpujarra mountains (granada, south-east spain), has been studied by the classical culturing method and also by molecular analysis of community dna. a collection of 206 isolates was obtained from the cheese on different selective/differential media, which were then re-grouped to 52 after randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr analyses. isolates on man-rogosa ...200818692931
the actin propulsive machinery: the proteome of listeria monocytogenes tails.actin-based comet tails produced by listeria monocytogenes are considered as representative models for cellular force-producing machineries crucial for cell migration. we here present a proteomic picture of these tails formed in extracts from brain and platelets. this provides a comprehensive view, revealing high molecular complexity and novel host cell proteins as tail components, and suggests the participation of specific multicomponent regulatory complexes. this work forms a new basis to expa ...200818694727
a high-throughput comparison of recombinant gene expression parameters for e. coli-mediated gene transfer to p388d1 macrophage cells.escherichia coli strain bl21(de3) was tested as a delivery vector for gene transfer to a murine p388d1 macrophage cell line using a 96-well high-throughput assay. five recombinant strains of e. coli were compared to identify the effect recombinant listeriolysin o (llo) and associated gene expression parameters had on final delivery of a luciferase reporter gene. listeriolysin o, native to listeria monocytogenes and used here in an effort to improve final gene delivery, was expressed from plasmid ...200818694790
chronic type a aortic dissection associated with listeria monocytogenes infection.a previously healthy 77-year-old woman with a 4-week history of back pain and fever was admitted to our hospital for chronic type a aortic dissection. the aortic arch was enlarged to 7.5 cm in diameter, and the large dissecting aortic aneurysm involved all three branches of the aortic arch and compressed the trachea. laboratory tests showed an increased c-reactive protein level (10.5 mg/dl). blood cultures performed upon admission were negative. progression of the symptoms suggested the possibil ...200818696209
anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract.hawthorn [crataegus monogyna jacq. and crataegus oxyacantha l.; sin. crataegus laevigata (poiret) dc., rosaceae] leaves, flowers, and berries are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, and various digestive ailments, as well as geriatric and antiarteriosclerosis remedies. according to european pharmacopoeia 6.0, hawthorn berries consist of the dried false fruits of these two species or their mixture. the present study was carried ...200818698794
genome-wide analyses reveal lineage specific contributions of positive selection and recombination to the evolution of listeria monocytogenes.the genus listeria includes two closely related pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, l. monocytogenes and l. innocua. l. monocytogenes is an opportunistic human foodborne and animal pathogen that includes two common lineages. while lineage i is more commonly found among human listeriosis cases, lineage ii appears to be overrepresented among isolates from foods and environmental sources. this study used the genome sequences for one l. innocua strain and four l. monocytogenes strains representin ...200818700032
mode of action of antimicrobial peptide p45 on listeria monocytogenes.the mode of action of an antimicrobial peptide produced by bacillus sp. p45 isolated from the intestine of the amazonian basin fish piaractus mesopotamicus was investigated. the antimicrobial peptide was purified from culture supernatants by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and gel filtration chromatography. the peptide has an ec(50) of 300 au (activity units) ml(-1) and kills all viable cells of listeria monocytogenes with a concentration of 800 au ml(-1). a decrease in od was observed when ...200818702075
[study by multiplex pcr of listeria monocytogenes serotypes isolated in argentine].a multiplex pcr assay, recently validated to characterize the serotypes of listeria monocytogenes was evaluated in comparison to conventional serotyping. three hundred forty two l. monocytogenes strains isolated from human, food, animal and environmental sources during the 1992-2005 period were assayed. the concordance between the two methods for serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 1/2c was 100%, whereas for serotype 4b it was 98%. serotyping is a useful tool for first line strain differentiation during ep ...200818705488
bacterial infection alters the kinetics and function of inkt cell responses.cd1d-restricted valpha14 invariant nkt cells (inkt) are innate-like, immunoregulatory lymphocytes that play critical roles in autoimmunity, tumor surveillance, and infectious disease. although inkt cells are activated during microbial infection, the impacts of infection on the function of inkt cells have not been fully characterized. using a listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection model, we found that inkt cells failed to expand after infection, resulting in prolonged loss in the spleen, in contra ...200818772281
a new perspective on listeria monocytogenes evolution.listeria monocytogenes is a model organism for cellular microbiology and host-pathogen interaction studies and an important food-borne pathogen widespread in the environment, thus representing an attractive model to study the evolution of virulence. the phylogenetic structure of l. monocytogenes was determined by sequencing internal portions of seven housekeeping genes (3,288 nucleotides) in 360 representative isolates. fifty-eight of the 126 disclosed sequence types were grouped into seven well ...200818773117
xbp1 links er stress to intestinal inflammation and confers genetic risk for human inflammatory bowel disease.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) has been attributed to aberrant mucosal immunity to the intestinal microbiota. the transcription factor xbp1, a key component of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress response, is required for development and maintenance of secretory cells and linked to jnk activation. we hypothesized that a stressful environmental milieu in a rapidly proliferating tissue might instigate a proinflammatory response. we report that xbp1 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells (iecs ...200818775308
listeria monocytogenes, a unique model in infection biology: an overview.this review rather than covering the whole field intends to highlight recent findings on the listeria monocytogenes infectious process or some listeria specific traits, place them within the framework of well-established data, and demonstrate how this gram-positive bacterium has, in two decades, emerged as a multifaceted paradigm. indeed, the cell biology of the infectious process has been deciphered in great detail and provided insights in both the way bacterial pathogen manipulate the host and ...200818775788
modelling the competitive growth between listeria monocytogenes and biofilm microflora of smear cheese wooden shelves.the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the observed inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by the natural biofilm microflora (bm) on wooden shelves used in the ripening of a soft and smear cheese. for this, bm was harvested and we conducted a series of experiments in which two strains of l. monocytogenes were co-cultured with bm on glass fiber filters deposited on model cheeses. compared to monoculture, l. monocytogenes growth rate in co-culture was not reduced but the growth of ...200818778863
temperature governs the inactivation rate of vegetative bacteria under growth-preventing conditions.novel studies, in combination with a meta-analysis of available data, were undertaken to explore the kinetics of non-thermal inactivation of escherichia coli with particular attention to inactivation in fermented meats and including analogous broth-based model systems. the analyses were based on rates of inactivation and specifically investigated the influence of temperature, ph and water activity at levels that alone, or in combination, prevented growth. when independently-derived inactivation ...200818778864
[spontaneus abortion caused by listeria monocytogenes--report of three cases].this paper describes three cases of spontaneous abortion caused by listeria monocytogenes which were diagnosed during the outbreak of listeriosis in late 2006. both clinical and morphological features were highly consistent. the abortion between 19 and 20 weeks of gestation was preceded by high maternal fever. the fetal disease was miliary widespread with involvement of adrenals, liver and lungs in particular. there was always present a pustular rash. histological examination of the placentas re ...200818783138
ceramide in bacterial infections and cystic fibrosis.ceramide is formed by the activity of sphingomyelinases, by degradation of complex sphingolipids, reverse ceramidase activity or de novo synthesized. the formation of ceramide within biological membranes results in the formation of large ceramide-enriched membrane domains. these domains serve the spatial and temporal organization of receptors and signaling molecules. the acid sphingomyelinase-ceramide system plays an important role in the infection of mammalian host cells with bacterial pathogen ...200818783339
[molecular typing of listeria monocytogenes isolated from foodstuff in guangdong province by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis].to establish molecular typing of listeria monocytogenes isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) for studying the epidemiologic characteristics of listeria monocytogenes isolated from foodstuff in guangdong province and to build up pfge typing database of listeria monocytogenes isolates for identifying the infectious resource of the outbreaks and other epidemiologic investigation.200818785476
cloning, sequencing and analysis of dnak -dnaj gene cluster of bacillus megaterium.the dna fragment of heat shock genes (hrca-grpe-dnak-dnaj) containing complete hrca-grpe-dnak operon and the transcription unit of dnaj was cloned, sequensed and analyzed from bacillus megaterium rf5. the sequence of hrca, grpe and dnaj were first time reported, and their coding products exibit 60%, 63% and 81% of identities to the homologs of b. subtilis. a sigmaa-type promoter of gram-positive bacteria (pa1) and a terminator were located upstream of the hrca and downstream of dnak, and a contr ...200818785662
listeriosis: a primer. 200818787096
listeriolysin s, a novel peptide haemolysin associated with a subset of lineage i listeria monocytogenes.streptolysin s (sls) is a bacteriocin-like haemolytic and cytotoxic virulence factor that plays a key role in the virulence of group a streptococcus (gas), the causative agent of pharyngitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. although it has long been thought that sls and related peptides are produced by gas and related streptococci only, there is evidence to suggest that a number of the most notorious gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, including listeria mo ...200818787690
host ranges of listeria-specific bacteriophages from the turkey processing plant environment in the united states.even though at least 400 listeria phages have been isolated from various sources, limited information is available on phages from the food processing plant environment. phages in the processing plant environment may play critical roles in determining the listeria population that becomes established in the plant. in this study, we pursued the isolation of listeria-specific phages from environmental samples from four turkey processing plants in the united states. these environmental samples were a ...200818791016
inla premature stop codons are common among listeria monocytogenes isolates from foods and yield virulence-attenuated strains that confer protection against fully virulent strains.previous studies showed that a considerable proportion of listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from foods carry a premature stop codon (pmsc) mutation in inla that leads to production of a truncated and secreted inla. to further elucidate the role these mutations play in virulence of l. monocytogenes, we created isogenic mutants, including (i) natural isolates where an inla pmsc was reverted to a wild-type inla allele (without a pmsc) and (ii) natural isolates where a pmsc mutation was intro ...200818791029
immunological and pathological changes in the placenta during infection with listeria monocytogenes in pregnant guinea pigs.exposure to listeria monocytogenes during pregnancy can result in spontaneous abortion and stillbirths; however, the mechanisms are unknown. our objective was to determine the effects of infection on specific inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine mrna expression and apoptosis in the placenta after infection with l. monocytogenes. pregnant guinea pigs were treated on gestation day (gd) 35 with 10(8) colony forming units l. monocytogenes and sacrificed on gd 37, 41, 44, or 55. at gd 41, ifn- ...200818793713
effectiveness of chitosan-coated plastic films incorporating antimicrobials in inhibition of listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon.the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan-coated plastic films incorporating five generally recognized as safe (gras) antimicrobials (nisin, sodium lactate (sl), sodium diacetate (sd), potassium sorbate (ps) and sodium benzoate (sb)) against listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon. salmon samples were surface-inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of l. monocytogenes and packaged in chitosan-coated plastic films containing 500 iu/cm(2) of nisin, 9 mg/cm(2) of sl, ...200818707789
the profilin:actin complex localizes to sites of dynamic actin polymerization at the leading edge of migrating cells and pathogen-induced actin tails.a unique set of affinity-purified anti-profilin and anti-actin antibodies generated against a covalently coupled version of the profilin:actin complex was used to assess the distribution of profilin and non-filamentous actin in mouse melanoma cells. in agreement with the profilin:actin complex being the principal source of actin for filament formation, we observed extensive co-distribution of both antibody preparations with vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (vasp) and the p34 subunit of the ...200818707793
functional whole-colony screening method to identify antimicrobial peptides.a high throughput method for screening cdna libraries has been developed to identify putative antimicrobial peptides (amps). it is based on a rapid dye inclusion assay for assessing antagonism of bacterial viability. colonies are grown on a membrane on a permissive medium until full colony size is reached. the membrane, supporting the array of colonies, is transferred onto an inductive medium containing a vital dye. upon expression of any antagonizing peptides, the cell membrane becomes compromi ...200818708097
listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnant guinea pigs is associated with maternal liver necrosis, a decrease in maternal serum tnf-alpha concentrations, and an increase in placental apoptosis.stillbirths and spontaneous abortions can result when pregnant women are exposed to the food borne pathogen, listeria monocytogenes. fetuses and neonates account for one-third of the 2500 cases annually. the objectives were to determine the dose dependent trends of immunological and pathological effects in pregnant guinea pigs after infection with l. monocytogenes. timed pregnant guinea pigs were treated on gestation day (gd) 35 with doses of 10(4) to 10(8) colony forming units (cfus) and sacrif ...200818708136
colorimetric assay for biofilms in wet processing conditions.controlling bacterial biofilms is necessary for food safety and industrial processing in clean room environments. our goal was to develop a method to quantitatively measure biofilm produced by pathogens under wet poultry production and processing conditions. stainless steel and glass coupons were incubated in aqueous media containing reduced nutrients and exposed to listeria monocytogenes under static temperature and humidity conditions. samples were measured separately by biofilm assay and viab ...200818712536
differential regulation of listeria monocytogenes internalin and internalin-like genes by sigmab and prfa as revealed by subgenomic microarray analyses.the listeria monocytogenes genome contains more than 20 genes that encode cell surface-associated internalins. to determine the contributions of the alternative sigma factor sigma(b) and the virulence gene regulator prfa to internalin gene expression, a subgenomic microarray was designed to contain two probes for each of 24 internalin-like genes identified in the l. monocytogenes 10403s genome. competitive microarray hybridization was performed on rna extracted from (i) the 10403s parent strain ...200818713061
impact of compounding error on strategies for subtyping pathogenic bacteria.comparative-omics will identify a multitude of markers that can be used for intraspecific discrimination between strains of bacteria. it seems intuitive that with this plethora of markers we can construct higher resolution subtyping assays using discrete markers to define strain "barcodes." unfortunately, with each new marker added to an assay, overall assay robustness declines because errors are compounded exponentially. for example, the difference in accuracy of strain classification for an as ...200818713065
the growth limits of a large number of listeria monocytogenes strains at combinations of stresses show serotype--and niche-specific traits.the aim of this study was to associate the growth limits of listeria monocytogenes during exposure to combined stresses with specific serotypes or origins of isolation, and identify potential genetic markers.200818713284
il-17a produced by gammadelta t cells plays a critical role in innate immunity against listeria monocytogenes infection in the liver.il-17a is originally identified as a proinflammatory cytokine that induces neutrophils. although il-17a production by cd4(+) th17 t cells is well documented, it is not clear whether il-17a is produced and participates in the innate immune response against infections. in the present report, we demonstrate that il-17a is expressed in the liver of mice infected with listeria monocytogenes from an early stage of infection. il-17a is important in protective immunity at an early stage of listerial inf ...200818714018
tio2 nanowire bundle microelectrode based impedance immunosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of listeria monocytogenes.a novel tio 2 nanowire bundle microelectrode based immunosensor was demonstrated as a more sensitive, specific, and rapid technology for detection of listeria monocytogenes. tio 2 nanowire bundle was prepared through a hydrothermal reaction of alkali with tio 2 powder and connected to gold microelectrodes with mask welding. monoclonal antibodies were immobilized on the surface of a tio 2 nanowire bundle to specifically capture l. monocytogenes. impedance change caused by the nanowire-antibody-ba ...200818715043
inhibition of vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci strains and listeria monocytogenes by bacteriocin-like substance produced by enterococcus faecium e86.three hundred and thirty nine lactic bacteria strains isolated from food samples were screened for antimicrobial activity. only one strain isolated from meat pie and identified as enterococcus faecium produced a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) showing activity against enterococcus, leuconostoc, lactobacillus, listeria, corynebacterium and staphylococcus aureus. the blis produced was resistant to acid and alkali treatment and 121 masculinec for 15 min. the addition of blis in bhi con ...200818716832
assessment of the stability of cell-surface components of microorganisms by maldi-tof-ms following preservation on lenticule discs.strains representing the species campylobacter coli, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica, and staphylococcus aureus were randomly selected to assess the consistency of cells preserved on lenticule discs to those archived in traditional freeze-dried ampoules. each matched pair was cultured using identical conditions and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ms) to profile the surface-associated m ...200818717884
[the regulation of sigmab activity and its role in some gram-positive food-borne pathogens--a review].the alternative sigma factor sigmab modulates the stress response of several gram-positive bacteria. not only does sigmab play a prominent role in sporulation in the gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis, but it also contributes both directly and indirectly to bacterial virulence in the food-borne human pathogens bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus. as sigmab has been shown to regulate expression of both virulence and virulence-associated genes, it indicate ...200818720853
inactivation kinetics of inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella poona on whole cantaloupe by chlorine dioxide gas.the objectives of this study were to examine inactivation kinetics of inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella poona inoculated onto whole cantaloupe and treated with clo(2) gas at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mg l(-1)) for different times (0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 min). the effect of clo(2) gas on the quality and shelf life of whole cantaloupe was also evaluated during storage at 22 degrees c for 12 days. a 100 microl inoculation o ...200818721673
effect of combining nisin and/or lysozyme with in-package pasteurization for control of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat turkey bologna during refrigerated storage.this study investigated the efficacy of in-package pasteurization combined with pre-surface application of nisin and/or lysozyme to reduce and prevent the subsequent recovery and growth of listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage on the surface of low-fat turkey bologna. sterile bologna samples were treated with solutions of nisin (2 mg/ml=5000 au/ml), lysozyme (10 mg/ml=80 au/ml) and a mixture of nisin and lysozyme (2 mg nisin+10mg lysozyme/ml) before in-package pasteurization at 65 d ...200818721674
effect of poultry decontaminants concentration on growth kinetics for pathogenic and spoilage bacteria.various chemical compounds are currently under review for final approval as poultry decontaminants in the european union (eu). concentration is among the factors considered by the eu authorities in the evaluation of these treatments. the aim of this research was to compare the growth parameters for pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in presence of high and low concentrations of poultry decontaminants to assess whether such treatments could involve a potential sanitary risk for consumers. growth cu ...200818721678
listeria monocytogenes sclerokeratitis: a case report and literature review.to report a case of listeria monocytogenes sclerokeratitis and to review the literature.200818724160
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