Publications

bioterrorism syndromes.		2002	12085490
bioterrorism threat makes preparation essential.		2002	12085491
the usa preparing for bioterrorism: the role of fort detrick since 1970.		2002	12085492
more fda resources to counter terrorism.		2002	12085814
fda approves anthrax vaccine license supplements.		2002	12085816
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 20-2002. a 37-year-old man with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and a cutaneous foot lesion after a trip to africa.		2002	12087144
a perspective: risk analysis as a tool for reducing the risks of terrorism.	the destruction by terrorists of the twin towers of the world trade center and major damage wrought to the pentagon on september 11, 2001, followed closely by the bioterrorist anthrax attacks via the mails raised the question of whether risk analysis might have a place in defending the united states against terrorist attacks. after first reviewing the multifaceted nature of terrorism and the reasons it is likely to become endemic in world society in the long term, just as other areas of crime ar ...	2002	12088218
bacterial and fungal aerosols in indoor environment in central and eastern european countries.	studies of indoor bioaerosols conducted in central and eastern european countries, as a result of the scarcity of funding, mostly do not attain the level presented by similar studies in northern america and western europe. for socio-economic reasons, most of the intense studies on indoor bioaerosols in central and eastern european countries were carried out in industrial facilities and have contributed significantly to occupational health science. in contrast, until recently, insufficient of stu ...	2002	12088392
maximum shields: the assembly and function of the bacterial spore coat.	spores produced by bacilli and clostridia are surrounded by a multilayered protein shell called the coat. as the armor-like appearance of the coat suggests, this structure, along with others within the spore, confers the remarkable resistance properties that make bacillus anthracis spores such potent biological weapons. here, i review recent studies of coat assembly in the model organism bacillus subtilis, and explore the implications of these findings for coat assembly in b. anthracis and for d ...	2002	12088650
2001: a year of major advances in anthrax toxin research.	anthrax is caused when spores of bacillus anthracis enter a host and germinate. the bacteria multiply and secrete a tripartite toxin causing local edema and, in systemic infection, death. in nature, anthrax is primarily observed in cattle and other herbivores; humans are susceptible but rarely affected. in 2001, anthrax spores were used effectively for the first time in bioterrorist attacks, resulting in 11 confirmed cases of human disease and five deaths. these events have underscored the need ...	2002	12088665
[anthrax. the growing danger].		2002	12089782
diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous anthrax.		2002	12090858
diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous anthrax.		2002	12090859
[anthrax and disaster planning at the university hospital in ulleval].		2002	12092084
perceptions of state public health officers and state veterinarians regarding risks of bioterrorism in the united states.	to assess perceptions of state public health officers and state veterinarians in the united states regarding the risks of bioterrorism and determine the degree of support provided for activities related to bioterrorism.	2002	12092950
anthrax of the gastrointestinal tract.	when swallowed, anthrax spores may cause lesions from the oral cavity to the cecum. gastrointestinal anthrax is greatly underreported in rural disease-endemic areas of the world. the apparent paucity of this form of anthrax reflects the lack of facilities able to make the diagnosis in these areas. the spectrum of disease, ranging from subclinical infection to death, has not been fully recognized. in some community-based studies, cases of gastrointestinal anthrax outnumbered those of cutaneous an ...	2002	12095428
horse kicks, anthrax and the poisson model for deaths.		2002	12095459
bioterrorism today.	anthrax being sent through the postal service brought the risks of bioterrorism home to us all: but what dies it really mean?	2002	12097718
a collagen-like surface glycoprotein is a structural component of the bacillus anthracis exosporium.	bacillus anthracis, the aetiological agent of anthrax, is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. the exosporium is the outermost integument surrounding the mature spore. here, we describe the purification and the characterization of an immunodominant protein of the spore surface. this protein was abundant, glycosylated and part of the exosporium. the amino-terminal sequence was determined and the corresponding gene was identified. it encodes a protein of 382 amino acid residues, the central pa ...	2002	12100557
germination of bacillus cereus spores in response to l-alanine and to inosine: the roles of gerl and gerq operons.	bacillus cereus 569 (atcc 10876) endospores germinate in response to inosine or l-alanine, the most rapid germination response being elicited by a combination of these germinants. the geri operon has already been characterized as a homologue of the gera spore-germination receptor family of operons found in all bacillus spp. examined; the primary defect in geri mutant spores is in the inosine germination response, although spores were also slower to germinate in l-alanine. additional transposon-i ...	2002	12101297
mapping the anthrax protective antigen binding site on the lethal and edema factors.	entry of anthrax edema factor (ef) and lethal factor (lf) into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells depends on their ability to translocate across the endosomal membrane in the presence of anthrax protective antigen (pa). here we report attributes of the n-terminal domains of ef and lf (ef(n) and lf(n), respectively) that are critical for their initial interaction with pa. we found that deletion of the first 36 residues of lf(n) had no effect on its binding to pa or its ability to be translocated. to ...	2002	11714723
bioterrorism--biotechnology to the rescue?		2002	11753354
optic neuritis after anthrax vaccination.	to report the occurrence of optic neuritis after anthrax vaccination in two patients.	2002	11772587
optimization of the cell wall microenvironment allows increased production of recombinant bacillus anthracis protective antigen from b. subtilis.	the stability of heterologous proteins secreted by gram-positive bacteria is greatly influenced by the microenvironment on the trans side of the cytoplasmic membrane, and secreted heterologous proteins are susceptible to rapid degradation by host cell proteases. in bacillus subtilis, degradation occurs either as the proteins emerge from the presecretory translocase and prior to folding into their native conformation or after the native conformation has been reached. the former process generally ...	2002	11772631
september 11: the response and role of public health.		2002	11772747
science and the fight against bioterrorism.		2002	11772930
bacillus anthracis pxo1 plasmid sequence conservation among closely related bacterial species.	the complete sequencing and annotation of the 181.7-kb bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pxo1 predicted 143 genes but could only assign putative functions to 45. hybridization assays, pcr amplification, and dna sequencing were used to determine whether pxo1 open reading frame (orf) sequences were present in other bacilli and more distantly related bacterial genera. eighteen bacillus species isolates and four other bacterial species were tested for the presence of 106 pxo1 orfs. three orfs wer ...	2002	11741853
plasmid-encoded autolysin in bacillus anthracis: modular structure and catalytic properties.	a bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolase (amia) with sequence similarity to n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidases hydrolyzes peptidoglycan independently of cell wall binding. residues h341, e355, h415, and e486 are absolutely required for catalysis. many amia paralogs are fused to different sorting signals, suggesting that these modular proteins result from domain shuffling.	2002	11741877
antimicrobial sensitivity in enterobacteria from aids patients, zambia.	mycoplasma contamination of the licensed anthrax vaccine administered to military personnel has been suggested as a possible cause of persian gulf illness. vaccine samples tested by nonmilitary laboratories were negative for viable mycoplasma and mycoplasma dna and did not support its survival. mycoplasma contamination of anthrax vaccine should not be considered a possible cause of illness.	2002	11749759
control of anthrax toxin gene expression by the transition state regulator abrb.	bacillus anthracis produces the anthrax toxin proteins protective antigen (pa), lethal factor (lf), and edema factor (ef) in a growth phase-dependent manner when cultured in liquid medium. expression of the toxin genes paga, lef, and cya peaks in late log phase, and steady-state levels of the toxin proteins are highest during the transition into stationary phase. here we show that an apparent transition state regulator negatively regulates toxin gene expression. we identified two orthologues of ...	2002	11751813
post-traumatic stress disorder.		2002	11784883
roles and functions of a european union public health centre for communicable diseases and other threats to health.	an international consensus has been reached that a european union (eu) technical coordination structure (tcs) for communicable diseases is needed to improve europe s future response to international communicable disease threats within and beyond its boundaries. after the american events of september 11 2001 and the deliberate releases of anthrax, the eu created a health security committee, adopted a civil protection decision, and established for 18 months a team to develop responses for delibera ...	2002	12631937
preparing for bioterrorism in north carolina.		2002	12970969
anthrax scare in buncombe county. a lesson in the basics of bioterrorism preparedness.		2002	12970972
cutaneous anthrax.		2002	12962591
[analysis of specific nucleotide sequences. dna biosensors].	information about common molecular-biological approaches for the determination of the specific nucleotide sequences in genetic materials was given in the review. main attention was paid to consideration of the ways for dna biosensor creation. the information about the types of such biosensors was presented in detail and characteristics of the developed devices were cited. separately the question about the use of the instrumental analytical approaches for the identification of genetic materials o ...	2002	12924012
hypothesis: ran gtpase-based potential therapeutic interventions against lethal microbial infections.	host innate immune response represents a vital immediate defense against infections by a diverse group of microorganisms that include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. many types of cell surface receptors in mammalian cells specifically recognize particular groups of microorganisms and transmit response signals to the nuclei via multiple signal transduction pathways. these signaling pathways must merge at some point and are likely to be redundant, as the host innate immune response to many microorga ...	2002	12805993
the world of microbes 2002: scientific advances and challenges--impressions and highlights from the 12th congress of virology.	thousands of scientists participated in the world of microbes congress, which was organized by the international union of the microbiological societies (iums) and took place in the palais de congres in paris, france from 27 july to 1 august 2002. the attendees were members of the iums divisions of bacteriology and applied microbiology, mycology, and virology. in addition to the symposia that were organized by each division, joined plenary symposia were held, which encompassed subjects of common ...	2002	12881634
bioterrorism: what? why? and who?	the former secretary of the department of health and human services, donna shalala, indicated in an address in 1999 that complacency needs to be replaced with a sense of urgency in order for us to deal successfully with the threats of bioterrorism. the attack on september 11, 2001 and the anthrax threats have made our vulnerability clear. we are now living in a new and frightening world. our complacency is gone. the victims and the survivors shall remain forever in our minds. dr. jeffery koplan, ...	2002	12778948
anthrax 2001--lessons learned: clinical laboratory and beyond.	re-visit the 2001 anthrax outbreak to assess the ideas and concepts learned from the event as they relate to the illness and to bioterrorism preparedness.	2002	12778965
anthrax 2001--lessons learned by public health laboratories.	to share lessons learned by one local public health department during the anthrax outbreak and associated public hysteria during the autumn of 2001.	2002	12778966
the home office and the dangerous trades. regulating occupational disease in victorian and edwardian britain.		2002	12740161
drugs and vaccines for the common defense: refining fda regulation to promote the availability of products to counter biological attacks.		2002	12733223
[bacillus anthracis, prions, coxiella burnetii].	the detection kits for bacillus anthracis, an isoform of host prion and coxiella burnetii, using genetic technology are still not generalized. for b. anthracis target genes for detection would be genes of toxins. although it is difficult to detect prions related to prion diseases before death, some mutants of prion gene in leukocytes and 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid are detectable in living patients suffering from creutzfeldt-jakob disease. the gene of superoxide dismutase in coxiella ...	2002	12652794
[increase in efficacy of antibiotic therapy of anthrax under experimental conditions].	the results of experimental therapy of antraxis infected mice with cefazoline (kefzol) and ampicillin incapsulated into liposomes are presented. protective activity of the same free antibiotics combinated with amixine and leukinferone was evaluated also. treatment with liposomal cefazoline enhanced mice survival upto 60 per cent, and life period upto 1.3 +/- 0.3 days. after liposomal ampicillin administration for 3 times the same indices were 60 per cent and 6.5 +/- 0.9 days, after 2 times admin ...	2002	12728631
anthrax revisited.	anthrax is an ancient disease affecting animals and humans. sporadic cases of anthrax and small epidemics have been seen from time to time in different parts of the world and in africa. however many clinicians are not very familiar with the various presentations and management of anthrax. it is relevant for the health care workers to re-familiarise themselves with all aspects of anthrax, with the impending threat of bioterrorism.	2002	12638831
informed consent and investigational new drug abuses in the u.s. military.	the focal point of this investigation was to research the ethical issues surrounding the military's requests for informed consent waivers when using investigational drugs, and the recent debate surrounding the anthrax vaccine as an investigational new drug (ind).	2002	12625353
instrument development and evaluation of domestic preparedness training for first responders.	in the wake of domestic terrorists attacks on 11 september 2001 and subsequent bioterrorist events employing anthrax, there no longer can be any debate about the potential for attacks employing nuclear, biological, or chemical (nbc)/weapons of mass destruction (wmd). as one way of acknowledging this long-standing threat and, in a concerted effort to mitigate the effects of possible future domestic nbc/wmd terrorist attacks, the us department of defense (dod) and other us governmental agencies al ...	2002	12627914
bioterrorism: defining a research agenda.		2002	12703508
novel in vitro functional assays for the determination of anthrax toxin components.	the characterisation and evaluation of the uk licensed human anthrax vaccine depends on several in vivo tests that determine its safety and potency. assays for the determination of functionally active and/or immunoreactive toxin components and s-layer proteins have been developed and applied to the characterisation of anthrax vaccine. these technologies may support production of consistent and effective vaccines, and may ultimately reduce the requirements for in vivo testing.	2002	12678256
best defense against bioterrorism.		2002	12619622
anthrax: the precautionary principle goes postal.		2002	12576531
anthrax alert?		2002	12572214
bioterrorism: an overview.	bioterrorism has reached the forefront of the public imagination following recent events across the world. the disaster of 11 september 2001, followed by anthrax letters sent via the us postal system and now renewed tension over iraq have all brought the possibility of bioterrorism closer. a number of biological agents could be used in a terrorist attack, including anthrax, plague, smallpox and botulinum toxin. the serious diseases that these agents produce have been brought under control in the ...	2002	12572959
[old and new prescriptions for infectious diseases and the newest recipes for biomedical products in plants].	the three antiviral vaccines discovered in the 18th century (smallpox), 19th century (rabies), and 20th century (polio) share a common feature: none would ever be licensed today for human vaccination. yet jenner's smallpox vaccine led to the eradication of smallpox, pasteur's rabies vaccine represented the first successful post-exposure treatment of people bitten by rabid animals, and polio vaccine administered since its discovery in 1950 is leading to the eradication of polio (in the years 2004 ...	2002	12549429
year in review 2002.	the year opened on a somber note, with the nation still struggling to cope with the aftermath of the sept. 11, 2001, attacks and subsequent anthrax scare. the healthcare industry was scrambling to be ready for any future attacks and pondering the best preparedness measures. meanwhile, compliance and quality of care simmered on the back burner, along with soaring malpractice insurance costs and growing budget deficits in the states. and debate over provider reimbursement rates, staffing shortages ...	2002	12528237
[carbuncle in humans and animals: modern aspects of an ancient disease].	carbuncle, very remarkable disease in the past for its spreading, recently seems to be forgotten as risk for general population and exposed workers too, among them we remember especially veterinary physicians, breeders, tanners, etc. world epidemiological data aren't exact, but a lot of researchers in vary countries confirm that this is a present problem in many areas. therefore it's indispensable to know correct diffusion of this disease, to fight it and other zoonosis in some environments and ...	2002	12528336
letter to the editor from cicmanec. on the risk of mortality to primates exposed to anthrax spores.		2002	12530775
risk communication is a key to dealing effectively with bioterrorism.		2002	12530776
[remarks about anthrax].		2002	12532652
[bioterrorism--also a challenge for forensic medicine?].	in view of current events the question is discussed to what extent the risk of bioterrorism may be an issue relevant for forensic medicine also in germany, although at present there seems to be no concrete threat. the cases which became known so far were either false alarms or foolish pranks (copycats), which have to be, and are indeed, prosecuted by the state (section 126 german criminal code). reference is also made to the measures of disinfection recommended by the robert koch institute.	2002	12532679
ethics of university research, biotechnology and potential military spin-off.	the paper provides a brief introduction to the biotechnology revolution and its impact upon biological research relevant to military uses. it describes the status of biological weapon today, and current efforts to strengthen the biological weapons convention with a legally binding compliance protocol. specific modifications of micro-organisms that may be of military use are discussed. there examples of dual-use research activities are then used to highlight issues and dilemmas in ethical decisio ...	2002	15168662
[epidemiology studies regarding anthrax epidemic in romania].	antrax infection, a major bacterial zoonosis caused by b. anthracis, affects animals, particulary the herbivores. the infection can be accidentally transmitted to man, in whom it has two forms. cutaneous anthrax, more frequently encountered (95%), the transmission being favoured by the contact with contaminated animal or, after the sacrifice of the animal, with various contaminated products (skin, wool, hair, especially of goat, as well as bones, meat, blood); the evolution is favourable followi ...	2002	15085606
canada/us: bioterrorism highlights double standard for access to medicines.	in september 2001, shortly after terrorist attacks in the united states, the issue of bioterrorism--and specifically fear about reported cases of anthrax in the us--led the canadian minister of health to be concerned about the available stocks of the drug ciprofloxacin to treat this disease.	2002	14979262
bioterrorism. clinical recognition and primary management.	the recent anthrax attacks in the united states have demonstrated the reality of bioterrorist threats as well as the need for preparedness and planning to mount a successful response to such events. medical practitioners have a key role in responding to bioterrorist activity because they can contribute to the timely recognition of an event and to the mitigation of morbidity resulting from a bioterrorist attack. the medical community needs to become familiar with how to recognize and manage disea ...	2002	14569808
mayo clinic develops new rapid rest for anthrax.		2002	14646905
bioterrorism, public health, and international law.		2002	15709296
control and eradication of animal diseases in new zealand.	new zealand is free from all the major epidemic (office international des epizooties list a) diseases of animals and other important diseases, such as rabies and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. the once endemic conditions of sheep scab (psoroptes ovis), bovine brucellosis (brucella abortus), hydatids (echinococcus granulosus) and aujeszky's disease have been eradicated. anthrax (bacillus anthracis) is no longer considered endemic and pullorum disease (salmonella pullorum) has effe ...	2002	16032229
bioterrorism defense: are state mandated compulsory vaccination programs an infringement upon a citizen's constitutional rights?		2002	15853127
weapons of mass destruction: biological.	humans are susceptible to microbial infections from many sources. biological warfare is the use of microbial forms of life to diminish the capabilities, disrupt the organization, and terrorize the noncombatant population of an adversary. this form of warfare has been used throughout history and has gained renewed interest with the current use of asymmetrical warfare. the civilized world has condemned its use by the implementation of treaties specifically against it. this is a brief review of som ...	2002	16212312
bearing true faith and allegiance? allowing recovery for soldiers under fire in military experiments that violate the nuremberg code.		2002	16514768
cutaneous anthrax: an indian perspective.		2002	17656987
bioethics, bioweapons and the microbiologist.	the analysis of behavior of man in the field of biology is carried out through bioethics, considered the science of the survival. in the microbiology, there are numerous discoveries related with pathogenic microorganisms, including those that can be used as weapons in a biological war or in an attack considered bioterrorism. the scientist involved in microbiology can participate with his knowledge in the development and improvement of bioweapons, however from the point of view of bioethics it is ...	2002	17061514
biological weapons and bioterrorism in the first years of the twenty-first century.	this paper evaluates four recent developments in biological-weapons politics and bioterrorism. first is american opposition to finalization of a verification protocol for the biological weapons convention; second, a successful attempt at mass-casualty terrorism; third, an ongoing investigation into the bioterrorist capabilities of the al qaeda network; and, fourth, a series of fatal anthrax attacks in the united states. the first of these evaluations is informed by interviews conducted between 2 ...	2002	16859345
[anthrax. basic principles and preventive measures].		2001	14584137
bioterrorism: an overview.	how real is the threat of bioterrorism? experts may disagree on the likelihood of use, but the possibility cannot be totally dismissed. complacent ignorance of a low-probability, high-cost risk is dangerous and can result in devastating global consequences. this is a us government work. there are no restrictions on its use.	2001	15129614
in vino veritas.		2001	12593708
anthrax and the voice of reason.		2001	12585054
emergency. anthrax.		2001	12585066
[retrospective analysis of anthrax morbidity in grozny and in the urus-martan region of the chechen republic].	the epizootological and epidemiological situation in grozny and in the urus-martan region of the chechen republic has been analyzed. the settlements most threatened with this disease have been determined. unfavorable epizootic and epidemiological situation in the republic in the near future is predicted.	2001	12718185
the statistical analysis of truncated data: application to the sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak.	an outbreak of anthrax occurred in the city of sverdlovsk in russia in the spring of 1979. the outbreak was due to the inhalation of spores that were accidentally released from a military microbiology facility. in response to the outbreak a public health intervention was mounted that included distribution of antibiotics and vaccine. the objective of this paper is to develop and apply statistical methodology to analyse the sverdlovsk outbreak, and in particular to estimate the incubation period o ...	2001	12933552
[biological warfare, bioterrorism and public health].	biological agents as weapons are not new to mankind. for centuries and into the present, biological warfare has been the subject of much research and speculation, but little action. their limited use has probably been due to fear of unexpected counter-effects and doubts about their efficiency as weapons. recently a new form of terrorism employing infectious agents has emerged slowly and without much fanfare, until the recent events with bacillus anthracis in the united states. smallpox is potent ...	2001	11784913
anthrax prevention and treatment.		2001	11785495
human anthrax associated with an epizootic among livestock--north dakota, 2000.	on august 28, 2000, the north dakota department of health was notified by a local clinician of a patient with a cutaneous lesion suggestive of anthrax following exposure to an infected animal carcass. this report summarizes the investigation of this case, which was associated with an anthrax epizootic among livestock in north dakota, and emphasizes the importance of increased vigilance for human cases of anthrax during and following outbreaks of anthrax among livestock.	2001	11785567
betawrap: successful prediction of parallel beta -helices from primary sequence reveals an association with many microbial pathogens.	the amino acid sequence rules that specify beta-sheet structure in proteins remain obscure. a subclass of beta-sheet proteins, parallel beta-helices, represent a processive folding of the chain into an elongated topologically simpler fold than globular beta-sheets. in this paper, we present a computational approach that predicts the right-handed parallel beta-helix supersecondary structural motif in primary amino acid sequences by using beta-strand interactions learned from non-beta-helix struct ...	2001	11752429
breakthrough of the year. the year of living dangerously.		2001	11752537
bioterrorism. lessons learned so far.		2001	11751087
responding to bioterrorism.		2001	11743010
the department of defense birth defects registry: overview of a new surveillance system.	the u.s. department of defense (dod) is challenged with monitoring and protecting the health and wellbeing of its service members. the growing number of women on active duty and the diverse hazardous exposures associated with military service make reproductive health issues a special concern of dod. to address this concern, the dod birth defects registry was established at the dod center for deployment health research located at the naval health research center, san diego, california.	2001	11745841
detection of specific bacillus anthracis spore biomarkers by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms) was applied for the characterization of bacillus anthracis spore biomarkers. b. anthracis spores were extracted under a simple procedure, followed by linear mode analysis, using sinapinic acid as the matrix. several markers with a mass range of 4-7 kda were detected in three b. anthracis strains: vollum, sterne and v770-np1-r. similar spectra were also obtained for spore extracts of two members ...	2001	11746875
bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the united states.	from october 4 to november 2, 2001, the first 10 confirmed cases of inhalational anthrax caused by intentional release of bacillus anthracis were identified in the united states. epidemiologic investigation indicated that the outbreak, in the district of columbia, florida, new jersey, and new york, resulted from intentional delivery of b. anthracis spores through mailed letters or packages. we describe the clinical presentation and course of these cases of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthr ...	2001	11747719
bioterrorism pressure on research agendas.		2001	11747829
appropriate responses to bioterrorist threats.		2001	11668117
us fear of bioterrorism spreads as anthrax cases increase.		2001	11668122
uk doctors given guidance on dealing with anthrax.		2001	11668123
biological agents: weapons of warfare and bioterrorism.	the use of microorganisms as agents of biological warfare is considered inevitable for several reasons, including ease of production and dispersion, delayed onset, ability to cause high rates of morbidity and mortality, and difficulty in diagnosis. biological agents that have been identified as posing the greatest threat are variola major (smallpox), bacillus anthracis (anthrax), yersinia pestis (plague), clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism), francisella tularensis (tularaemia), filoviruses (e ...	2001	11774197
bioterrorism.		2001	11774753
supply chain vulnerable in many ways.	the specter of terrorism has reached the materials management department, now that a supply room worker in a new york hospital has died from anthrax. at the same time, the tragedy of the sept. 11 attacks has led hospitals and their vendors to realize that "partnership" is not just a trendy word for business association anymore; it is a strategy for survival.	2001	11775270
the fallout from september 11. how is health care responding to a new reality?		2001	11775366
concern about anthrax: protocols for mailrooms.		2001	11775427