Publications

cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons, ciliated perikarya and "peptidergic" synapses in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of teleostean fishes.	the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of fishes (anguilla anguilla, amiurus nebulosus, cyprinus carpio, carassius auratus, ctenopharyngodon idella, cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) has been studied by light and electron microscopy. two kinds of neurons were found: a) large, electron-dense, gomori-positive cells with moderate acetylcholinesterase (ache) positivity which contain granulated vesicles of 1400 to 2200 a (in average 1600 to 1800 a), adn b) small, strongly ache-positive, electron-lucent neurons ...	1987	174818
a computer-assisted study of quantitative morphological features of c type horizontal cells in retina.	biphasic c type horizontal cells of the retina of crucian carp were intracellularly stained with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and quantitatively studied with computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction techniques. several parameters characterizing their morphology were determined and compared among different subtypes of horizontal cells. the results show that both cell body area and horizontal extension are proper parameters by which different subtypes of biphasic horizontal cells can be cle ...	1987	3659894
[demonstration of specific binding sites for carp gonadotropin in ovary membrane preparations of anguilla (anguilla anguilla l.)].	membrane preparations from silver eel ovary bind specifically labeled carp gonadotropin (cgth 125i); similar preparations from kidney, liver, brain, and muscle exhibit either no or negligible specific binding. cgth and partially purified eel pituitary extract, but neither hcg nor btsh, inhibit cgth 125i specific binding in a dose-dependent way. however, a high membrane concentration can bind hcg 125i and this binding is partly inhibited by excess hcg, thus suggesting the existence of a relativel ...	1987	3817443
light microscopic characterization of glycoconjugates in secretory cells of the carp (cyprinus carpio) gill epithelium.	secretory products of granular and mucous cells in the gill epithelium of the carp, cyprinus carpio, were distinguished by their cytochemical reactions with peroxidase-labelled lectins and with the galactose oxidase (go)-schiff reagents. secretory products of granular cells reacted with lectins from triticum vulgaris (wga), arachis hypogaea (pna), dolichos biflorus (dba), glycine max (sab), and lotus tetragonolobus (lta). they also reacted with go-schiff reagents. after sialic acid cleavage with ...	1987	2449406
a radioimmunoassay for n-terminal peptide of chum salmon proopiocortin.	a highly specific radioimmunoassay was developed for n-terminal peptide of salmonid proopiocortin using a guinea pig antiserum to the chum salmon peptide (snpp 1). since snpp i has no tyrosine residue nor free n-terminal amino group, a mixture of minor components of snpp 1, which have extensions of h-val-lysgly- and h-lys-gly- at the n-terminus, were iodinated by the lactoperoxidase method after incorporation of 3-(phydroxyphenyl)-propionate to the terminal amino groups. plasma and pituitary ext ...	1987	24233334
studies on the linkage between spin equilibria and protein structure in carp ferric hemoglobin.	the effects of protein conformation on the spin-state equilibria of several derivatives of carp hemoglobin have been examined. this has been done by measuring the ph dependence of the paramagnetic susceptibilities of these derivatives in the presence and absence of inositol hexakisphosphate, p6-inositol. in all cases the addition of p6-inositol at low ph and the lowering of the ph in the presence of p6-inositol shift the spin-state equilibrium in favor of the high-spin electronic configuration. ...	1987	2822419
myxosporea: a new look at long-known parasites of fish.	with the identification of myxosporea as agents of swimbladder inflammation (sbi) in carp, and proliferative kidney disease (pkd) in salmonids, this group of over 1000 protistan species has been receiving renewed attention. almost all species are parasites offish, and some can cause serious losses in commercial fish farms. yet adequate control measures cannot be planned without clarification of basic features of the parasites' life cycles and modes of transmission. in this article, jiri lom revi ...	1987	15462878
the effect of shape and position of the oxygen equilibrium curve on extraction and ventilation requirement in fishes.	the effects of haemoglobin-oxygen affinity and of cooperativity in oxygen binding on the oxygen extraction and ventilation requirement in fish are analysed using the mathematical model of malte and weber (1985). it is shown that a high affinity may allow a substantial reduction in ventilatory requirement and that optimal o2 uptake depends on a delicate balance between affinity and cooperativity. using p50 and nh values from the literature, the oxygen extraction values predicted by the model for ...	1987	3671901
unknown syndrome: abnormal facies, congenital heart defects, hypothyroidism, and severe retardation.	we present a female infant with (1) abnormal facies: microcephaly, blepharophimosis, small, low set, posteriorly rotated ears, bulbous nose, carp shaped mouth, micrognathia; (2) congenital heart abnormalities: large atrial and ventricular septal defects; (3) congenital hypothyroidism; (4) severe global retardation.	1987	3430551
the temporal sequence of changes in oocyte maturation and ovarian steroid hormone production during induced ovulation in the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	oocytes taken from carp sacrificed 3-24 hr after injection with either carp hypophysial homogenate (chh) (primed) or saline (control) were incubated with or without chh for 24 hr at 20 degrees. in oocytes from the primed fish the percentage of peripheral germinal vesicles at sacrifice progressively increased with time from injection. no such change occurred in control fish. after incubation with chh, tissue from primed fish showed a progressive increase in oocyte maturity with increasing time be ...	1987	3428561
ultrastructural demonstration that melanin-concentrating hormone-like and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactive molecules coexist in the same neurosecretory granules.	using immunocytochemical methods at the electron microscope level, immunoreactivity for both melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) has been demonstrated in the carp neurohypophysis. a double-labelling technique, using colloidal gold probes of different sizes showed that immunoreactivity to both molecules coexists within the same neurosecretory granules in some neurones, while in other neurones the granules exhibit only mch-like immunoreactivity. ...	1987	3683983
microhabitat use in a mediterranean riverine fish assemblage : fishes of the lower matarraña.	over a 22 month period barbus graellsii, chondrostoma toxostoma, cyprinus carpio, esox lucius, gobio gobio, and leuciscus cephalus displayed non-random microhabitat use in the rio mattarraña, spain and generally were overrepresented in deep microhabitats with low or undetectable flow velocities. substrate composition did not strongly affect microhabitat use outside of its covariation with depth and velocity. most seasonal differences in microhabitat use were attributable to seasonal changes in m ...	1987	28311964
accumulation of pesticides in the organs of carp, cyprinus carpio l., at 4 degrees and 20 degrees c.		1987	3663990
[determination of the number of tissue compatibility genes in the carp using the transplantation test in the third generation of induced gynogenesis].	transplantations have been carried out of anal fin in carp individual progeny of the third consecutive generation of induced gynogenesis. the part of grafts accepted made 19.4 +/- 5.0% (71 transplantations have been carried out). with the data obtained, an approximate quantity of histocompatible genes has been determined in carp which amounted to 32. calculation has been done on the basis of the assumption that the part of histocompatible genes being in homozygous state in the given progeny equa ...	1987	3121444
regulation of dopamine release from interplexiform cell processes in the outer plexiform layer of the carp retina.	the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin stimulate a four- to fivefold increase in endogenous dopamine release from isolated intact carp retina. the release evoked by these agents is ca2+ dependent, a finding suggesting a vesicular release. using light microscopic autoradiography, we have localized the sites of dopamine release to the dopaminergic interplexiform cell processes of the outer plexiform layer, which synapse onto horizontal cells. our findings support ...	1987	3039059
toxicity of crude oil to the metabolism of freshwater minor carp, puntius sophore.		1987	3663971
mechanoreceptor activity in the gills of the carp. ii. gill arch proprioceptors.	the presence of gill arch proprioceptors in the gills of a teleost, cyprinus carpio l., is demonstrated and their firing characteristics are analysed. spontaneous activity of gill arch proprioceptors was recorded from epibranchial ganglia. in paralysed fish the mean discharge rate for 16 receptors ranged from 11.3 impulses x sec-1 (sd 0.3) to 25.7 impulses x sec-1 (sd 0.4). the discharge rate could be influenced by displacement of the main elements of the respiratory pumping system. the receptor ...	1987	3629008
mechanoreceptor activity in the gills of the carp. i. gill filament and gill raker mechanoreceptors.	physiological properties of gill filament and gill raker mechanoreceptors in the gills of spontaneously breathing carp, cyprinus carpio l., were analysed. stroking stimuli applied to gill filaments elicited a phasic mechanoreceptive response, which was recorded from neurons in the epibranchial ganglia. sustained deflection resulted in a short on-off response. the same neurons were also activated by slight movements of lamellae on a gill filament. the receptive field extended over all the lamella ...	1987	3629007
[chloromyxum barbi (myxosporea) in hypophthalmichthys molitrix (osteichthyes)].	during an investigation of h. molitrix yearlings from the district of cottbus in the gdr the myxosporidian chloromyxum barbi dogel', 1934 was found in the gallbladder (not recorded before in the gdr). ch. barbi was found to be a new parasite of the silver carp.	1987	3122603
[physiopathologic data on the action of selected fungicides and herbicides in carp].		1987	3675117
[cation exchange in the crucian carp in media with various ion compositions].		1987	3666211
testicular tumors in carp-funa hybrid: annual cycle and effect on a wild population.	this study documents the occurrence of testicular tumors in a wild population of carp-funa hybrids. the most prevalent tumor was a dysgerminoma. there were lower prevalences of seminomas, leiomyomas, sertoli cell tumors, and spermatocytic seminomas. sex-ratio, gonadosomic index (gi) and the prevalence of tumors in the monthly catch was analysed for five consecutive reproduction periods (1980 to 1984). gonadal tumors were found only in males. this may be important to the population dynamics of th ...	1987	3625900
dendritic morphology of indoleamine cells revealed by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow in fixed carp retina.	the dendritic morphology of indoleamine amacrine cells in carp retina was investigated by identifying their fluorescent cell bodies by preloading with noradrenaline followed by iontophoretic injection of lucifer yellow in isolated and aldehyde-fixed preparations under microscopic control. although two subpopulations of serotonin-like immunoreactive amacrine cells (small and large in soma size) were found, small cells were not seen in aldehyde-fixed preparations. cells preloaded with noradrenalin ...	1987	2888047
effects of carp hypophyseal homogenate doses, incubation times, and temperatures on carp oocyte maturation and steroidogenesis in vitro.	ovarian tissue from carp which had received injections of either saline or carp hypophyseal homogenate (chh) 24 hr prior to sacrifice was incubated for 8, 16, or 24 hr at 4, 15, 20, or 25 degrees with 0, 30, 100, or 200 micrograms chh. 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta p) was produced only by chh-primed tissue, but there was no difference between the two groups in production of testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, or testosterone glucuronide. production of all steroids was greate ...	1987	3609705
the relation between pituitary gland and thyroid growth during the lifespan of the annual fish cynolebias whitei and nothobranchius korthausae: gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells.	in the annual cyprinodont cynolebias whitei the cell types responsible for the increase of pituitary growth at the onset of maturation and for pituitary hyperplasia in old specimens were identified as gonadotropic cells and thyrotropic cells, respectively. the gonadotropic cells showed a high affinity to anti-carp alpha beta-gth serum, both at light- and electron-microscopical levels. the allometric relation of total gonadotropic cell volume to body length, determined for fish from six weeks up ...	1987	3607854
effect of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) on carp (cyprinus carpio). ii. effects of chronic intoxication on blood, liver enzymes, and muscle plasmic membrane.	a 30-day ingestion of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) by carp (cyprinus carpio) induced hypoglycemia without activation of two hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes (fructose diphosphatase, ec 4.1.2.13, and glucose-6-phosphatase, ec 3.1.3.9) and hyponatremia and variations in muscle plasmic membrane-bound enzymes (especially cholinesterases, ec 3.1.1.7). after 109 days carps exhibited a decrease in natremia but no significant hypoglycemia. there was an activation of gluconeogenesis enzymes. impo ...	1987	2440661
the effect of an organophosphorus pesticide on the enzymes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	1. the effect of 1.5, 2.0 and 5.0 ppm methidation was studied on the asat, alat, ldh and ache enzymes, as well as the blood sugar and adrenaline levels in carp. 2. according to our studies methidation implies a potential hazard on the normal biochemical processes of fishes: causing tissue necrosis indicated by the increase asat, alat and ldh activities, inducing continual stress effect reflected by the increased blood sugar and adrenaline levels, inhibiting ache activity in the various organs, t ...	1987	3448863
method for the oso4-free preservation of brain tissue suitable for immunocytochemistry in tem.	following conventional oso4-fixation and embedding of brain tissue in epoxide resins for ultrastructural investigations, on the one hand, the wellknown good depiction of structures is obtained, on the other hand, however, according to these procedures a considerable loss up to 80% of glycolipid-bound and up to 50% of glycoprotein-bound neuraminic acid of important native compounds has to be put up with. the fixation of brain tissue by 1% glutaraldehyde and 1% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 mol/l na-k-p ...	1987	3122505
pharmacological properties of the atropine-resistant contraction of the carp (cyprinus carpio) intestinal bulb induced by transmural stimulation.	1. the pharmacological properties of the atropine-resistant contraction of the carp intestinal bulb induced by transmural stimulation were investigated. 2. in the presence of atropine (1 microm), transmural stimulation caused frequency-dependent (2-50 hz) contraction which was abolished by tetrodotoxin (780 nm). 3. the atropine-resistant contraction was not decreased by tubocurarine (5 microm), hexamethonium (100 microm), carteolol (5 microm) and phentolamine (5.4 microm). 4. in vitro pretreatme ...	1987	2893677
reversal potentials of rod horizontal cell responses in the carp retina.		1987	2891094
paraquat as an agent affecting antioxidant enzymes of common carp erythrocytes.	the effects of paraquat on the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathionine peroxidase activities and lipid peroxidation at different times of paraquat exposure of cyprinus carpio morph l. erythrocytes were studied. typical characteristics were observed in the changes of the enzyme activities of the erythrocytes after exposure to paraquat. the haemoglobin concentration of common carp haemolysates was decreased by exposure to paraquat.	1987	2885134
the effect of various ambient ammonia concentrations on the nitrogen metabolism of carp fry (cyprinus carpio l.).	authors studied how 125, 375 and 625 micrograms/l amounts of nh4cl added to the water influenced the ammonia excretion of carp fry with an average weight of 2.4 g, compared to the control. during the course of the experiments the nh4n concentration, the ph and the temperature were measured for three days, twice daily. on the basis of our results the threshold concentration exerting harmful effects on the ammonia household of carp fry (disturbing the normal rate of metabolism in the fishes and de ...	1987	2881685
red cell function of carp (cyprinus carpio) in acute hypoxia.	the red cell function of carp, subjected to acute hypoxia, was studied. during hypoxic exposure red cell water content, sodium and chloride concentration and ph increased, whereas plasma sodium and chloride concentrations decreased. treatment of the animals with a beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, before the onset of hypoxia, largely inhibited the increase in red cell water content, diminished the changes in red cell ph and prevented the changes in red cell and plasma sodium concentration ...	1987	2822469
dense osmiophilic material in the surface of the olfactory bulb in the teleost cyprinus carpio l.	a dense osmiophilic structure was found associated to the basal lamina of the outer limiting glial membrane of the carp olfactory bulb. in certain sections this material appears as "beads" composed of small strand-like structures, and in others it seems to form a palisade-like structure. the possible origin and function of this structure is discussed.	1987	2442244
modulatory effects of ambient temperature and antigen dose on the induction of specific tolerance to different protein antigens in carp (cyprinus carpio).		1987	2438707
calcium action potential and its use for measurement of reversal potentials of horizontal cell responses in carp retina.	1. in the carp retina perfused with a solution containing high-ca2+, ba2+ and some k+-channel blockers, the horizontal cell produced a regenerative ca2+ action potential when the cell was depolarized by bath application of l-glutamate (glu) or l-aspartate (asp). the action potential was triggered also by a transretinal electrical stimulation which evoked an e.p.s.p. in the horizontal cell. in this solution, some cells produced the action potential spontaneously. 2. the action potential had an ov ...	1987	2445962
pink lateral muscle in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.): histochemical properties and myosin composition.	the pink muscle of the carp differs from the white (and red) muscle not only histochemically but also in its myosin isoform, as shown by peptide maps of the myosin heavy chains. results of an electrophoretic analysis of myosins are discussed in the light of their immunohistochemical properties and histochemical atpase activity.	1987	2952520
development of heterologous radioimmunoassay for indian carp and murrel gonadotropin hormone.		1987	3653929
bioconcentration of alcohol ethoxylates in carp (cyprinus carpio).	the uptake, distribution, and clearance of three labeled nonionic surfactants, 14c-labeled dodecyl tetra(oxyethylene) ether [14c-c12-ae(4)], 14c-labeled dodecyl octa(oxyethylene) ether [14c-c12-ae(8)], and 14c-labeled dodecyl hexadeca(oxyethylene) ether [14c-c12-ae(16)] were investigated in carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to concentrations of 0.2-0.6 mg x liter-1, using whole-body autoradiography and the liquid scintillation counting method. 14c radioactivity was rapidly absorbed into the fish bo ...	1987	3595483
morphological and immunohistochemical studies of juxtaglomerular cells in the carp, cyprinus carpio.		1987	3295351
physicochemical characterization of lens crystallins from the carp and biochemical comparison with other vertebrate and invertebrate crystallins.	lens crystallins were isolated from the homogenate of carp (cyprinus carpio) eye lenses by gel permeation chromatography and characterized by gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, amino acid analysis, circular dichroism, and protein sequence analysis. three well-defined fractions corresponding to alpha/beta-, beta-, and gamma-crystallins were obtained in relative weight percentages of 26, 22, and 52%. the native molecular masses of the purified fractions were determined to be 410, 60, and 20 kda ...	1987	3110141
gonadotropin-induced changes in steroid production by ovaries of the common carecyprinus carnio l. around the time of ovulation.	ovarian fragments from both primed (gonadotrophin treated) and unprimed female carp were incubated either with or without carp hypophysial homogenate and steroid hormone production measured. in incubations without hypophysial homogenate, production of all the steroids measured was either very low or nondetectable and there was no significant difference between tissue from primed and unprimed fish. in the presence of carp hypophysial homogenate a very significant increase in production of testost ...	1987	24233252
does the natural diet influence the intestine's ability to regulate glucose absorption?	two fish species (rainbow trout and common carp) that differ in natural diet also exhibit differences in the adaptive flexibility of their intestinal nutrient transport mechanisms in response to changes in dietary nutrient composition. when carp ingested a feed that was 24% glucose by weight, there was an increase in both the intestinal length and rates of nutrient absorption, particularly for glucose, when compared to carp fed an isonitrogenous diet devoid of digestible carbohydrate. as a resul ...	1987	3693623
effects of nitrite exposure on blood respiratory properties, acid-base and electrolyte regulation in the carp (cyprinus carpio).	adult carp were subjected to 1 mm environmental nitrite for 48 h and nitrite uptake and changes in blood respiratory properties, extracellular electrolyte composition and acid-base status were examined. a constant influx of nitrite caused an accumulation of no2- in plasma to 5.4 mm in 48 h. the fraction of methaemoglobin rose with plasma [no2-] to 83%, and the arterial oxygen content decreased to extremely low values. arterial po2 increased as a compensation to this o2-shortage, whereas the o2 s ...	1987	3693620
comparative analysis of gastrin-immunoreactive and argyrophil cells in bony fish larvae.	a comparative study was made of enteroendocrine cells in the larvae of bony fishes (teleostei): carp (cyprinus carpio l.), big head (aristichyts nobilis richardson), silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix valenciennes), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). argyrophil cells demonstrated by the method after grimelius were found in all examined fish species. they are located in the pyloric appendices, stomach and intestinal mucosa. gastrin-immunoreactive cells demonstrated by the immunocytochemi ...	1987	3666239
the variation in the light responses of carp retinal ganglion cells is independent of response amplitude.	the variation of the response rate of carp retinal ganglion cells to photopic light stimulation was studied. it was found that the standard deviation was independent of the mean of the response rate, even when responses showed compression. this finding is in agreement with a late origin of retinal noise. implications of the existence of intrinsic constant amplitude retinal noise and of the presence of a mean maintained activity are discussed.	1987	3660609
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. investigation on the regions responsible for self-assembly of subunits.	1. in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) (ec 1.2.1.12) the four s-loop form the core of the tetramer. 2. amino acid sequence of the s-loop of the regions of gapdh from carp muscle was established through the analysis of tryptic digests of the enzyme treated alternatively with bromocyanate and o-iodosobenzoic acid. 3. enzyme had been oxidized with performic acid. after treatment with trypsin the peptide mixture was fractionated into fragments. 4. cnbr cleavage of this enzyme was per ...	1987	3621906
photoreceptor inputs converging onto c-type horizontal cells of the retina of crucian carp.	responses of r/g-type horizontal cells recorded intracellularly in eye cup preparations with normal circulation of crucian carp under dark-adapted conditions were studied and photoreceptor inputs converging onto them were identified. spectral sensitivities of the hyperpolarizing component of responses, determined at different phases, suggested that it was produced by input from green-sensitive cones. this input and input from long wavelength sensitive cones, causing depolarization of cells, were ...	1987	3602980
a chemokinetic factor in the carp cyprinus carpio.	the results describe experiments which demonstrate that the teleost cyprinus carpio is capable of elaborating a substance which has analogous in vitro effects to that of mammalian chemokinetic lymphokines. in vitro stimulation of leucocytes from carp pronephros, both with antigens and mitogens, was used to provide culture supernatants which were applied to an in vitro chemokinetic assay. the chemokinetic factor-like activity could be detected in supernatants after one day of culture and at a dil ...	1987	3595938
blood type compatibility of lower vertebrates: phylogenetic diversity in blood transfusion between fish species.	bidirectional transfusion was investigated using phylogenetically different fish species, including twelve from ten genera. three different modalities were used: long-lasting persistence when rainbow trout received allogenic erythrocytes, slow rejection when rainbow trout received heterogenic erythrocytes (salmon) and acute rejection after receiving xenogenic erythrocytes (goldfish, carp and tilapia). changes were measured in serum using transfused erythrocytes and hemolytic assays. the response ...	1987	3595936
response properties of c-type horizontal cells in the retina of the bowfin.	intracellular recordings were obtained from biphasic- and triphasic-type horizontal cells (c cells) in the retina of the bowfin. for steady-state responses, both cell types displayed a linear stimulus-response function for responses up to at least 20% of maximum. in the linear range, responses to red/green mixtures were well predicted from the assumption that opposed inputs combine by simple summation. action spectra were measured in the linear range for 30 biphasic and 12 triphasic cells. bipha ...	1987	3576978
primary structure of common carp prolactins.	the complete amino acid sequence of common carp (cyprinus carpio) prolactin (prl) has been determined. one milligram of carp prl was reduced, carboxymethylated, and then cleaved with cyanogen bromide and several enzymes. another milligram of carp prl was digested with lysyl endopeptidase. the resulting fragments were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and subjected to sequence analysis by the automatic edman method with a gas-liquid sequencer and the manual dns-edm ...	1987	3582956
chemical modification of histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan and cysteine residues in carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle enolase.	enolase from carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle was modified by diethylpyrocarbonate, tetranitromethane, n-bromosuccinimide and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). the extent and rate of modification and its effect on the enzyme activity were determined. modification of histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan residues caused complete inactivation of the enzyme; mg2+ as well as 2-phosphoglycerate markedly altered the rates of modification and inactivation. the above-mentioned amino acid residues seem to b ...	1987	3454643
[qualitative and quantitative distribution of 7 enzymes in organs of the rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri r.) and the carp (cyprinus carpio)].		1987	3113116
paradoxical induction of dopaminergic cells following intravitreal injection of high doses of 6-hydroxydopamine in juvenile carp retina.	histofluorescence studies were conducted on two groups of juvenile carp (body length, 12.7 and 6.6 cm on the average, respectively) during certain periods (3-11 months) of retinal growth, to evaluate the destructive effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on dopaminergic and indoleamine-accumulating cells. within a certain range of doses (0.1-5.0 micrograms/eye) of the neurotoxin injected intravitreally, it was found to destroy both classes of cells in a dose-dependent manner: more cells disappeared with hi ...	1987	3109692
dielectric, haematological and biochemical studies of detergent toxicity in fish blood.	blood characteristics in dielectric, haematological and biochemical terms of the fish cyprinus carpio exposed to a sublethal concentration of sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate were compared with those from untreated control fish; recovery from the test solution was also checked. trends of change in the majority of chosen parameters of blood with time of fish exposure to anionic detergent were significantly linear. a decline was noted in erythrocyte count, haematocrit, blood haemoglobin concentrati ...	1987	3035591
trachelobdella sinensis blanchard, 1896 found from cyprinus carpio nudus in korea.	trachelobdella sinensis was found in cyprinus carpio nudus. the morphological chararacteristics were described. it is the first record of trachelobdella sinensis in korea(summarized from text).	1986	12886101
xanes spectroscopy of carp hemoglobin-iron in correlation with the affinity changes of the protein for ligand.	the strong variation of ligand-binding properties with ph for carp hemoglobin is not reflected in the electronic distribution of the heme-iron. thus, we can suppose that hemoglobin affinity is directly controlled by the protein and by some particular changes of the iron atom.	1986	3780971
persistence of methyl parathion in a carp rearing pond.		1986	3779154
acid-base regulation and ion transfers in the carp (cyprinus carpio): ph compensation during graded long- and short-term environmental hypercapnia, and the effect of bicarbonate infusion.	to study both temporal and quantitative effects of hypercapnia on the extent of ph compensation in the arterial blood, specimens of carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to a pco2 of about 7.5 mmhg (1 mmhg = 133.3 pa) (1% co2) in the environmental water for several weeks, and a second group of animals was subjected to an environmental pco2 of about 37 mmhg (5% co2) for up to 96 h. a third series of experiments was designed to test the possibility that infusion of bicarbonate would increase the ext ...	1986	3027233
utilization of ascorbate-2-sulfate in fish.	although most vertebrate animals synthesize l-ascorbic acid (c1), some animal species lack the ability to produce l-gulonolactone oxidase and are thus dependent upon a dietary source of vitamin c. fish are unique among this latter group in that they store a chemically stable form of vitamin c and appear to metabolize this compound differently from other vitamin c-requiring organisms. ascorbate-2-sulfate (c2) contributes to total body stores of ascorbate, but the commonly used assays for ascorbat ...	1986	24233177
effects of pimozide and lhrh-aa on carp (cyprinus carpio l.) oocyte maturation and ovulationin vivo.	effects of pimozide (pim) and [(d-ala(6), pro(9)-net) lhrh] (lrh-aa) on common carp oocytes maturation and ovulationin vivo under laboratory and commercial fisheries farm conditions were investigated.although injections of pim and lrh-aa at the doses of 10 mg and 50 µg/kg body weight respectively, did not increase mgth levels (66.7-155.8 mg/ml) as much as injections of carp pituitary extract (chh) (382.1 ng/ml), induced gth levels were high enough to induce ovulation. changes in the ovary caused ...	1986	24233172
fluctuations in gonadotropin and ovarian steroids during the annual cycle and spawning of the common carp.	the main objective of the paper is to describe the annual changes in hormones associated with reproduction in the female carp under the conditions prevailing in the israeli fish culture. fish were sampled monthly throughout 1984; gonadosomatic index (gsi) was calculated and the diameter of ovarian follicles was measured. gonadotropin (gth) content in the pituitary and the circulating gth, estradiol, testosterone and 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17, 20-p) were determined by specific radioi ...	1986	24233169
autoradiographic localization of gonadotrophin receptors in ovaries of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	binding sites for carp gonadotrophin have been located in carp ovaries using [125i]labeled gonadotrophin and autoradiography. the radioactive gonadotrophin was displaced from tissue by unlabeled gonadotrophin or carp hypophysial homogenate in a dose-dependent fashion. no binding of gonadotrophin was found in previtellogenic oocytes but binding appeared with the first indications of vitellogenesis. in the smaller vitellogenic oocytes binding was uniformly distributed in the follicular envelope, b ...	1986	3557077
local fe site structure in the tense-to-relaxed transition in carp deoxyhemoglobin: a xanes (x-ray absorption near edge structure) study.	the fe-site structure variation in the transition from the low-affinity tense (t) quaternary structure to the high-affinity relaxed (r) structure in carp deoxyhemoglobin was studied by analysis of multiple scattering resonances in the xanes (x-ray absorption near edge structure) spectra. high signal-to-noise xanes spectra were measured at the frascati "wiggler" synchrotron radiation facility. we find that the forces on the fe active site due to the change of quaternary protein conformation do no ...	1986	3463997
lethal toxicity of cadmium to cyprinus carpio and tilapia aurea.		1986	3742097
urea tolerance of myofibrillar proteins of two elasmobranchs: squalus acanthias and raja tengu.	some biochemical properties of actomyosin and myosin from elasmobranchs, squalus acanthias and raja tengu are compared with those of a freshwater (cyprinus carpio) and a marine teleost (seriola quinquiradiata). whereas ca2+-atpase of teleost actomyosins are more stable in the absence of urea, the reverse is true for elasmobranchs up to 1.0 m urea. in contrast to that of teleosts, the mg2+-atpase of s. acanthias actomyosin shows an activation in the presence of urea, where as that of r. tengu per ...	1986	2434054
cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding precursors of urotensin ii-alpha and -gamma.	the primary structures of the precursors of urotensin ii (uii)-alpha and -gamma, neuropeptide hormones of the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp, cyprinus carpio, have been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of cloned dnas complementary to the mrnas encoding them. a cdna library, constructed with poly(a)+rna in the preterminal spinal cord, was screened using 32p-labeled synthetic oligonucleotides representing all possible cdna sequences corresponding to the pentapeptide commo ...	1986	2427672
myofibrillar atpase activity in the carp cyprinus carpio: interactions between starvation and environmental temperature.	the myofibrillar atpase activity of the epaxial white muscle was measured in carp cyprinus carpio l. acclimated to 10 degrees c or 28 degrees c. as previously reported, cold acclimation was associated with an increase in the atpase specific activity and a decrease in the thermostability. the water content of the white muscle was significantly higher in cold-acclimated fish than in warm-acclimated fish (p less than 0.002). starvation for 10 weeks resulted in a significant increase in the white mu ...	1986	2943851
factors affecting release of 3h-dopamine from perfused carp retina.	the effects of putative retinal neurotransmitters and several neuropeptides on 3h-dopamine release from isolated perfused carp (cyprinus carpio) retinas were studied. of the transmitter candidates tested, only serotonin (5-ht) and the 5-ht agonist tryptamine released 3h-dopamine. however, the release evoked by these agents was calcium (ca2+) independent and not blockable by the 5-ht antagonist methysergide. we also investigated the antagonism of inhibitory inputs as a potential regulatory mechan ...	1986	2874198
electrical coupling between bipolar cells in carp retina.	intracellular recordings were made simultaneously from pairs of neighboring bipolar cells by advancing two independent microelectrodes into retinas of carp (cyprinus carpio). bipolar cells were identified by their response properties and in several samples were verified by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow. current of either polarity injected into one member of the bipolar cell pair elicited a signconserving, sustained potential change in the other bipolar cell without any significant de ...	1986	16593707
interaction between the soma and the axon terminal of retinal horizontal cells in cyprinus carpio.	intracellular recordings were made from the monophasic horizontal cells of the carp retina which are known to respond with a sustained hyperpolarization to all visible monochromatic light. the receptive field of each subcellular structure, the soma and the axon terminal, was determined using a long narrow slit of light. somata and axon terminals showed receptive fields that encompassed almost the entire retina. this observation suggests that each aggregate of the subcellular parts forms a syncti ...	1986	3795056
fish and antibiotics: pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in carp (cyprinus carpio).	pharmacokinetics, metabolism and clearance of sulphadimidine (sdm) were studied after a single intraperitoneal injection of sdm in carp at 20 degrees c. sdm was acetylated and hydroxylated to a small extent. the main metabolite was n4-acetyl derivative amounting only 2% of the total drug dose excreted; hydroxylation was less important (0.41% of the dose). the elimination half-life for sdm in carp was 17.5 h. the clearance values for sdm and its metabolites were equivalent. the importance of phar ...	1986	3765347
the use of artificial gynogenesis in studies on the immune system of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	gynogenetic carp were obtained by using gamma-irradiated sperm for fertilization followed by a cold shock. the gynogenetic fish and normal siblings of the same parents were analysed for 3 genetic markers: scale pattern, transferrin (tf) and allograft rejection. gynogenetic offspring showed only the maternal scale pattern (scattered). in the majority of the gynogenetic fish a heterozygous tf pattern identical to the mother was observed. animals homozygous for tf were rare in this group. a typical ...	1986	3532513
immunosuppression of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to ichthyophthiriasis using the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide.	the immune response of juvenile mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been investigated in relation to protective immunity and immunosuppression to the disease ichthyophthiriasis. protective immunity was induced by exposing juvenile carp to approximately 2,000 theronts per fish for 3 hours at a concentration of approximately 80 theronts cm-3 in dechlorinated water ph 7.0-7.2, 20 +/- 2 degrees c in the dark, on three separate occasions of 14 day intervals. following each exposure, re-infection was ...	1986	3094233
movement of fe with respect to the heme plane in the r-t transition of carp hemoglobin. an extended x-ray absorption fine structure study.	carp hb undergoes a well known change in kinetics over the ph range 6-9. x-ray absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with refined data analysis procedures, shows no difference in iron-ligand distances when carp hbco is switched from r (high affinity) to t (low affinity) states. these distances are 2.015 +/- 0.015 a for the average iron-pyrrole nitrogen distance, 2.14 +/- 0.04 a for the iron-nitrogen (of histidine) distance, and 1.89 +/- 0.05 a for the fe-c (of co) distance. examination of the ...	1986	3700368
circulating forms of alpha msh in the carp and trout blood: an hplc and ria study.	the three forms of msh(desacetyl-, monoacetyl-, and diacetyl) circulate in the carp and trout blood. their proportions there are as follows: in the carp, the desacetylated form is 2.5% of total msh and the monoacetylated form 72% of the acetylated forms of alpha msh. in the trout, similar proportions were found: desacetyl alpha msh was 5% of total alpha msh and monoacetyl-, 70% of the acetylated mshs.	1986	3023175
n-methyl d-aspartate acts as an antagonist of the photoreceptor transmitter in the carp retina.	glutamate, aspartate, and their agonists, kainate, quisqualate, cysteine sulfinate and n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda), were applied to the isolated carp retina while recording from horizontal cells. all these agents, except nmda, depolarized horizontal cells membrane and reduced responses to light, thus mimicking the effect of the endogenous photoreceptor transmitter. application of nmda, on the other hand, caused a membrane hyperpolarization of horizontal cells in the dark, an effect different fro ...	1986	2871897
1h nmr spectroscopic studies of calcium-binding proteins. 1. stepwise proteolysis of the c-terminal alpha-helix of a helix-loop-helix metal-binding domain.	a series of modified parvalbumins, differing only in length of alpha-helix f at the c-terminus, was prepared by carboxypeptidase-mediated digestions of the beta-lineage parvalbumin (pi = 4.25) from carp (n; 108 residues). removal of ala-108 to form the n-1 derivative (des-ala108,lys107-parvalbumin) only slightly alters the protein's ability to chelate ca(ii) or lanthanides(iii). analysis of the kinetics of their yb(iii) off-rates by optical stopped-flow techniques, determination of their lu(iii) ...	1986	3707912
dendritic morphology of dopaminergic cells revealed by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow in fixed carp retina.	the dendritic morphology of dopaminergic cells in carp retinas was investigated by identifying their fluorescent cell bodies in isolated, aldehyde-fixed preparations and injecting them iontophoretically with lucifer yellow ch (ly) under microscopic control. the ly-injected cells were examined in flatmount and in radial cryosections. the cell bodies were located at the inner margin of the inner nuclear layer (the amacrine cell sublayer), and gave rise to 3-5 primary dendrites that branched repeat ...	1986	3011192
genetic differences between the chinese and european races of common carp : 5. differential adaptation to manure and artificial feeds.	common carp of the chinese and european races and their cross were tested in different environments. the test groups were either stocked together into the same pond, or each group was stocked separately. mean growth, taken as a measure of the quality of the environment, varied widely between treatments. genotype-environment interactions were estimated by the regression of growth of different genetic groups on this measure of environment. proportional growth differences between the european and e ...	1986	24247778
changes in gonadotropin and ovarian steroids associated with oocytes maturation during spawning induction in the carp.	the present study correlates the profiles of certain ovarian steroid hormones with stages of oocyte maturation in common carp induced to spawn by classic hypophysation. sixteen females were injected at midday with a calibrated homologous pituitary extract (cpe) containing 0.07 mg immunoreactive cgth/kg body wt, as a priming dose. ten of those females were injected 11 hr later with cpe containing 0.35 mg ir cgth/kg body wt as an induction dose (group p + in). the other females were left without f ...	1986	3781219
anesthesia and recovery with tricaine methanesulfonate, eugenol and thiopental sodium in the carp, cyprinus carpio.		1986	3712895
calcium-independent stimulation of glycogenolysis by arginine vasotocin and catecholamines in liver of the axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum) in vitro.	arginine vasotocin (avt) caused a concentration-dependent increase of glycogen phosphorylase alpha activity, breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose, when added to pieces of axolotl liver in organ culture. the concentration causing half-maximal response (ec50) was about 1 nmol/l. these actions of avt were unaffected by the adrenergic antagonists propranolol, yohimbine and prazosin, but were blocked by equimolar amounts of d(ch2)5tyr(me)avt, a synthetic antagonist of vasopressin. arginine va ...	1986	3701246
circadian variations in plasma osmolality, electrolytes, glucose, and cortisol in carp (cyprinus carpio).	male carps (cyprinus carpio) of about 1.5 kg were used in all experiments performed in december and february. blood was taken by heart-puncture within 1 min or less every 4 hr from different fishes during a 24-hr period to establish circadian rhythmicities of all parameters. the water temperature was 11-12 degrees. in december circadian variations could be calculated for cortisol, na+ and plasma osmolality in partly fed carps and for cortisol, ca2+, glucose, and plasma osmolality in food deprive ...	1986	3956997
[zschokkella (protozoa: myxosporea) in the gallbladder of cyprinus carpio (osteichthyes) in east germany].	the gallbladder of two-yearling carps caught in a lake in the region of frankfurt-on-oder was found invaded with zschokkella sp., which is the first case recorded in the german democratic republic.	1986	3717686
localization and quantitative distribution of biogenic monoamines in the intestinal tract of locust, snail and carp.	the localization and quantitative distribution of the biogenic monoamines of the intestinal tract has been studied in locusta migratoria, helix pomatia and cyprinus carpio with morphological and biochemical methods. electron microscopically dense-core vesicles of aminergic character were found in the varicose nerve fibres located in the intestinal muscles of all three animal species. intensive green fluorescence characteristic of catecholamines was detectable in both the varicose nerve fibres an ...	1986	20493154
metal ion binding to parvalbumin. a proton nmr study.	the 1h nmr spectra of carp parvalbumin saturated with ca2+, cd2+, la3+ and lu3+ were compared, using 2d 1h nmr techniques as well as conventional 1h nmr spectra. the ca2+ and cd2+ saturated parvalbumin (with both high affinity ca2+-binding sites occupied) gave rise to very similar spectra. this shows that these two species have almost identical protein conformations. the 1h nmr spectrum from the ln3+ saturated parvalbumins deviated from the other two and it was therefore concluded that cd2+ is a ...	1986	3962552
proline hydroxylation of collagens synthesized at different temperatures in vivo by two poikilothermic species.	extent of prolyl hydroxylation in newly synthesized viper collagen is decreased at 10 degrees c to approximately 23% of normal on skin and to approximately 57% of normal in bone collagen. at 20 degrees c, prolyl hydroxylation is approximately 50% of normal in skin and normal in bone. at 10 degrees c and 20 degrees c, prolyl hydroxylation is decreased approximately 32% in the skin collagen of carp. in contrast, prolyl hydroxylation is unchanged at 10 and 20 degrees c in bone, scale and lepidotric ...	1986	3956164
presence of tonofilaments and thymic serum factor (fts) in thymic epithelial cells of a fresh water fish (carp: cyprinus carpio) and a sea water fish (bass: dicentrarchus labrax).	using indirect immunofluorescence we demonstrated the presence of fts in two fishes; the size of epithelial cells of the carp is smaller than of the bass.	1986	3798525
identification of intergeneric nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid fish obtained from the combination of carp nucleus and crucian cytoplasm.		1986	3749147
proportions of mono- and diacetylated forms of alpha msh in individual neurointermediate lobe extracts of cyprinus carpio l.	the proportions of the mono- and diacetylated forms of alpha msh in individual carp neurointermediate lobe (nil) extracts, as assessed by hplc and ria, fluctuate within a narrow range (mono/mono- + diacetyl alpha msh = 3-14%). these results obtained on individuals of different sex and age show that the diacetylated form predominates in the nil of all individuals where it represents in the mean 90% of the acetylated forms. the relatively low fluctuation of the proportions of the acetylated forms ...	1986	3743025
comparative antioxidant enzyme study in freshwater fishes. ii. distribution of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in omnivorous fish organs.	comparative studies were performed on the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in organ homogenates from three omnivorous fishes, the barbel, crucian carp and common carp. the lipid peroxidation and protein contents of organ homogenates were also compared. these comparative measurements primarily provide control values for subsequent toxicological examinations. the highest total superoxide dismutase activities were found in the liver or roe, kidney, heart and ...	1986	3673448
the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the wild carp, cyprinus carpio l. iii. changes in the anterior and posterior neurohypophysis during spawning.		1986	3590939
cytological features of serotonin-containing neurons and their processes in the retina of the carp (cyprinus carpio). an immunohistochemical study using flat-mount preparations.	the morphological features of serotonin-containing neurons (scns) and their processes in the retina of the carp (cyprinus carpio) were immunohistochemically studied by applying a modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using flat-mount preparations. the somata of immunoreactive scns were mostly located in the innermost part of the inner nuclear layer (inl). these cells were distributed at a density of 64.8 cells/mm2, this being similar to the density of dopamine-containing interplexiform ce ...	1986	3522498
cloning and sequence analysis of cdna encoding urotensin i precursor.	the primary structure of the precursor of urotensin i, a neuropeptide hormone from the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp cyprinus carpio, has been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of cloned dna complementary to the mrna encoding it. the precursor consists of 145 amino acid residues and the carboxyl terminus represents the 41-amino acid sequence of urotensin i, preceded by lys-arg and followed by gly-lys. sequence homology as well as similar organization of the precursors of ...	1986	3484550
morphological study of signal pathway between the somata and the axon terminals of l-type horizontal cells in carp retina.		1986	3464858
comparative antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation study in erythrocytes and liver of some freshwater fish.	1. superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (c), peroxidase (p) and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) were estimated in the erythrocytes and liver of the carp, the tench and the crucian carp during a two-years period, 1983-1984 (autumn). 2. the lipid peroxidation (lp) of the erythrocytes and liver homogenates was also compared. 3. the activities of the enzymes examined showed significant interspecies variations. 4. significant differences were observed between enzyme activities (except for sod in the ...	1986	3442172
protein and amino acid requirements of fishes.	tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) that are in direct contrast to the homothermic terrestial animals. net protein utilization from the diet is similar or slightly better than that found in avian species, but energy ne ...	1986	3089240
bipolar-amacrine synaptic transmission: effect of polarization of bipolar cells on amacrine cells in the carp retina.		1986	3022200