Publications

[use of rapd- and sts-analysis for marking genes of a homeologic group from chromosome 5 of common wheat].	the search for sts (sequence-tagged site) and rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) markers tightly linked to some genes of homeologous group 5 chromosomes of common wheat triticum aestivum l., more specifically, awns inhibitor genes (b1), vernalization response gene (vrn1), and homeologous chromosome pairing gene (ph1), was conducted. to estimate the linkage of the gene with the marker, wheat lines marked with recessive alleles b1 and vrn1 were used. relp (restriction fragment length polymorp ...	1999	10624582
[transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with herbicide-resistant epsps gene].	the herbicide-resistant epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene was transformed into about 1,000 young spikes and 800 young embryos of wheat variety, jinghua 1, with gene gun. thirty-eight and four regenerated plants were obtained respectively screened with glyphosate. all regenerated plants were analysed by pcr and/or southern blotting. the results indicated that epsps gene was integrated stably into the genome of jinghua 1, and some of the transformants showed fertile. so herb ...	1999	10589163
evaluation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phenolic acids during grain development and their contribution to fusarium resistance.	the phenolic acid profiles of six cultivars of wheat with known tolerance to fusarium head blight were evaluated during plant development from anthesis through maturity. analysis by hplc of grain at anthesis revealed that p-coumaric and ferulic acid were the two principal phenolic compounds present. the effect of these two phenolic acids on fusarium species was evaluated in vitro. both phenolic acids demonstrated significant reductions (p < 0.05) of fusarium species growth at all concentrations ...	1999	10564002
distribution and structural variation of arabinoxylans in common wheat mill streams.	in 19 wheat-milling fractions total pentosan content, calculated as 0.88 x (% l-arabinose + % d-xylose), varied between 1.44 and 30.66% on dry matter (dm). it increased with ash content once the latter exceeded 0.6% (dm basis). water-extractable arabinoxylans were recovered by saturating water extracts to 65% ethanol. their contents in the milling fractions varied between 0.35 and 1.38%, and above 0.6% ash content also increased with this parameter. their l-arabinose-to-d-xylose ratios ranged be ...	1999	10563884
pre-anthesis reserve utilization for protein and carbohydrate synthesis in grains of wheat.	we assessed the contribution of pre-anthesis reserve c to protein and carbohydrate deposition in grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a new approach comprised of steady-state (13)c/(12)c labeling and separation of the protein and carbohydrate fractions of mature grains. experiments were performed with two spring wheat cultivars (kadett and star) grown with differential n fertilizer supply over 2 years. pre-anthesis reserves contributed between 30% and 47% of the c in protein and 8% to 27 ...	1999	10557235
the role of photosynthetic electron transport in the oxidative degradation of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase	the stability of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) was investigated under photooxidative stress using wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves, chloroplasts, and chloroplast lysates. illuminated seedlings sprayed with the superoxide radical (o-(2)) propagator methyl viologen showed rapid gs decline dependent on mv concentration and exposure time. degradation products of approximately 39 and 31 kd were detected when chloroplast lysates containing both stroma and thylakoids were illum ...	1999	10517838
mobilization of trivalent chromium in presence of organic acids: a hydroponic study of wheat plant (triticum vulgare).		1999	10501732
phylogeny and transpositional activity of ty1-copia group retrotransposons in cereal genomes.	the ty1-copia group retrotransposon populations of barley (hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum) have been characterised by degenerate pcr and sequence analysis of fragments of the reverse transcriptase genes. the barley population is comprised of a highly heterogeneous set of retrotransposons, together with a collection of sequences that are closely related to the bare-1 element. wheat also contains a highly diverse ty1-copia retrotransposon population, together with a less promi ...	1999	10485278
the existence of the k(+) channel in plant mitochondria.	in this study, evidence is given that a number of isolated coupled plant mitochondria (from durum wheat, bread wheat, spelt, rye, barley, potato, and spinach) can take up externally added k(+) ions. this was observed by following mitochondrial swelling in isotonic kcl solutions and was confirmed by a novel method in which the membrane potential decrease due to externally added k(+) is measured fluorimetrically by using safranine. a detailed investigation of k(+) uptake by durum wheat mitochondri ...	1999	10480870
the effects of la(iii) on the peroxidation of membrane lipids in wheat seedling leaves under osmotic stress.	the physiological effects of the rare earth ion la3+ on the peroxidation of membrane lipids in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling leaves under osmotic stress were determined. with the passage of time under osmotic stress, the inhibition ability of lanthanum ions to the relative membrane permeability and concentration of malondialdehyde, superoxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide caused by osmotic stress increased substantially, but no changes were noted in ferrous and relative water content. ...	1999	10433346
single-stranded dna in the genetic transformation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.): transformation frequency and integration pattern.	two non-linked marker genes (gus and bar) were co-introduced by microprojectile bombardment into wheat cells. four different dna structures were compared with respect to ability to integrate into the wheat genome: circular or linear (l) dna as a single- or double-stranded plasmid (ss and ds, respectively). in eight independent experiments, linearized dna integrated in the ds or ss form with a high efficiency of up to 14% for l-ssdna. molecular analyses by southern blotting showed that all dna fo ...	1999	22665182
agronomic performance of lines derived from anther culture, maize pollination and single-seed descent in a spring wheat cross.	anther culture and maize hybridization are two frequently used techniques for doubled haploid production in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). information on the field performance of lines derived from these techniques is limited. this study was conducted to compare the performance of f(4:6) lines obtained by single-seed descent with lines obtained by anther culture and maize (zea mays l.) pollination from the same cross of spring wheat, 'chris'/mn 7529. thirty-three lines derived from each of those ...	1999	22665175
identification of wheat varieties using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and an artificial neural network	a novel tool for variety identification of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been developed: an artificial neural network (ann) is used to classify the gliadin fraction analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms). the robustness of this novel method with respect to various experimental parameters has been tested. the results can be summarised: (i) with this approach 97% of the wheat varieties can be classified correctly with a correspondi ...	1999	10407351
inhibition of water channels by hgcl2 in intact wheat root cells	to assess the extent of water flow through channels in the membranes of intact higher plant cells, the effects of hgcl2 on hydraulic conductivity (lp) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root cells were investigated using a pressure probe. the lp of root cells was reduced by 75% in the presence of 100 &mgr;m hgcl2. the k+-channel blocker tetraethylammonium had no effect on the lp at concentrations that normally block k+ channels. hgcl2 rapidly depolarized the membrane potential (vm) of the root cell ...	1999	10398721
[the influence of the water potential in the root-habitable area on the efficiency of the higher-order plants].	in a set of 8 experiments, in leaf mustard brassica junceae l. (cult. volnushka) and in soft wheat triticum aestivum l. (cult. super dwarf) there has been studied dynamics of accumulating biomass in the ontogenesis in accordance with the value of water potential in the root-habitable medium. besides, in wheat there has been investigated the process of forming the grain crop capacity in a period between v and xii stages of the organogenesis from kuperman's classification. the plants have been gro ...	1999	10399556
isolation and characterization of the three waxy genes encoding the granule-bound starch synthase in hexaploid wheat.	complete genomic dna sequences of three homoeologous waxy structural genes, located on the chromosomes 7a, 4a, and 7d in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring), were separately determined and analyzed. those structural genes in lengths from start to stop codon were 2781bp in wx-7a, 2794bp in wx-4a, and 2862bp in wx-7d, each of which consisted of 11 exons and ten introns. they were closely similar to one another in the nucleotide sequences, with 95.6-96.3% homology in mature pr ...	1999	10393240
cloning of a wheat puroindoline gene promoter by ipcr and analysis of promoter regions required for tissue-specific expression in transgenic rice seeds.	a genomic dna fragment containing the 5'-upstream sequence and part of the open reading frame corresponding to triticum aestivum puroindoline-b cdna, was isolated by inverse pcr. promoter fragments extending to -1068, -388, -210 or -124 upstream of the translation initiation atg codon and the sequence coding for the first 13 amino acids of the puroindoline-b, were translationally fused to the uida reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase and transferred to rice calli via particle bombardment-me ...	1999	10380798
water content, raffinose, and dehydrins in the induction of desiccation tolerance in immature wheat embryos	desiccation tolerance is initiated in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) embryos in planta at 22 to 24 d after anthesis, at the time that the embryo water content has decreased from about 73% fresh weight (2.7 g water/g dry weight) to about 65% fresh weight (1.8 g water/g dry weight). to determine if desiccation tolerance is fully induced by the loss of a relatively small amount of water, detached wheat grains were treated to reduce the embryo water content by just a small amount to approximately 69% ...	1999	10364397
isolation, chromosomal localization, and differential expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase and chloroplastic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase genes in wheat.	superoxide dismutase (sod) gene expression was investigated to elucidate its role in drought and freezing tolerance in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum). cdnas encoding chloroplastic cu/znsods and mitochondrial mnsods were isolated from wheat. mnsod and cu/znsod genes were mapped to the long arms of the homologous group-2 and -7 chromosomes, respectively. northern blots indicated that mnsod genes were drought inducible and decreased after rehydration. in contrast, cu/znsod mrna was not ...	1999	10364402
homologous chromosome pairing in wheat.	bread wheat is a hexaploid (aabbdd, 2n=6x=42) containing three related ancestral genomes, each having 7 chromosomes, giving 42 chromosomes in diploid cells. during meiosis true homologues are correctly associated in wild-type wheat, but a degree of association of related chromosomes (homoeologues) occurs in a mutant (ph1b). we show that the centromeres are associated in non-homologous pairs in all floral tissues studied, both in wild-type wheat and the ph1b mutant. the non-homologous centromere ...	1999	10318768
phylogenetic reconstruction based on low copy dna sequence data in an allopolyploid: the b genome of wheat.	study of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) may help to resolve several questions related to polyploid evolution. one such question regards the possibility that the component genomes of polyploids may themselves be polyphyletic, resulting from hybridization and introgression among different polyploid species sharing a single genome. we used the b genome of wheat as a model system to test hypotheses that bear on the monophyly or polyphyly of the individual constituent genomes. by using aneuploid whe ...	1999	10231966
evolution of the high molecular weight glutenin loci of the a, b, d, and g genomes of wheat.	we used pcr to obtain phylogenetically informative sequences from the high molecular weight glutenin genes of wheat. the validity of partial sequence comparisons as a means of studying glutenin phylogenetics was established by constructing neighbour-joining trees from partial alignments of 12 published glutenin allele sequences. pcr was then used to obtain 20 novel glutenin allele sequences from various triticum and aegilops species, including a 3000 year old preserved wheat. a neighbour-joining ...	1999	10231962
abscisic acid-induced secretory proteins in suspension-cultured cells of winter wheat.	in suspension-cultured cells of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chihokukomugi), the accumulation of soluble secretory proteins in the culture medium was promoted by aba treatment in comparison with non-treated cells. the total amount of secretory proteins in aba-treated cells was 1.7-fold higher than that in non-treated cells. the analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that at least twelve secretory proteins were induced by aba, and these were named was (wheat aba-induced se ...	1999	10202814
active oxygen species in blue light mediated signal transduction in coleoptile tips.	coleoptile tip is a blue-light sensitive tissue possessing a "blue light receptor" which, upon activation, elicits a signal cascade resulting in phototropic curvature of the coleoptile. in this context, the nature of the photoreceptors and the exact mechanism through which the photoreceptors transduces the signal across the membrane are not clear. in this study, we attempted to examine whether the blue light receptor perturbs redox status of the coleoptile tip and sensitizes molecular oxygen as ...	1999	10079179
in vitro cytotoxic effect of wheat gliadin-derived peptides on the caco-2 intestinal cell line is associated with intracellular oxidative imbalance: implications for coeliac disease.	coeliac disease (cd) is an inflammatory disorder of the upper small intestine in which gluten acts as an essential factor in its pathogenesis. although it is generally accepted that cereal protein activation of the immune system is involved in cd progression, a non-immunomediated cytotoxic activity of gliadin-derived peptides on the jejunal/duodenal tract cannot be excluded. in this work, considering that (a) little has been reported about the intracellular metabolic events associated with gliad ...	1999	9989255
fragmentation of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by reactive oxygen species occurs near gly-329.	the large subunit (lsu) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) in the illuminated lysates of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chloroplasts is broken down by reactive oxygen radicals into 37- and 16-kda polypeptides. analysis of the terminal amino acid residues of both fragments revealed that the c terminus of the 37-kda fragment was ser-328 and the n terminus of the 16-kda fragment was thr-330. gly-329, which links the two fragments, was missing, suggesting that the fragmentati ...	1999	9988772
biodegradation and ecotoxicity of hfcs and hcfcs.	hydrofluorocarbons (hfcs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (hcfcs) are used or developed as substitutes for fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. based on the results of closed-bottle tests, the biodegradation of hfc-32, hcfc-123, hcfc-124, hfc-125, hfc-134a, hcfc-141b, hcfc-225ca, and hcfc-225cb was less than 60% after 28 days and therefore these compounds are considered not readily biodegradable. standard acute toxicity tests with hcfc-123, hcfc-141b, and hcfc-225ca using algae, water fleas, and ...	1999	9888959
patterns of starchy endosperm acidification and protease gene expression in wheat grains following germination	cereal aleurone responses to gibberellic acid (ga3) include activation of synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes and acidification of the external medium. we have studied the effect of the ph of the incubation medium on the response of wheat (triticum aestivum) aleurone cells to ga3. de-embryonated half grains show the capacity for ga3-activated medium acidification when incubation is carried out at ph 6.0 to 7.0 but not at lower phs. in addition, the activating effect of ga3 on the expression of carbo ...	1999	9880349
occurrence and characterization of 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and indole hydroxylases in juvenile wheat.	cyclic hydroxamic acids, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and its 7-methoxy analogue (dimboa), occur transiently in high amounts in wheat and maize during the juvenile, non-autotrophic stage of growth. to elucidate the biosynthetic enzymes operating for the transient production of these compounds, we examined the hydroxylating activities for 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (hboa), the immediate precursor of diboa, and indole, the first intermediate of the biosynthetic pathway that branc ...	1999	27389648
impacts of ozone on the growth and yield of field-grown winter wheat.	seed of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv riband) was sown on 29 august 1992 in eight field plots. four plots were exposed to elevated ozone (o(3)) concentrations on 16 days between 29 august and 2 october 1992, for 6 h day(-1), and on 27 days between 29 march and 24 august 1993, for 7 h day(-1). mean daily o(3) concentrations were approximately 30 and 80 nmol mol(-1) in ambient and fumigated plots, respectively. plants were sampled on 5 november (1992), 14 january, 16 february, 1 april, 25 ...	1999	15093060
leaf rust resistance gene lr34 associated with nonsuppression of stem rust resistance in the wheat cultivar canthatch.	abstract the common wheat cultivar thatcher and the backcross derivative canthatch are moderately or fully susceptible to several races of stem rust because of a suppressor on chromosome 7dl that inhibits the expression of the relevant resistance gene(s). the incorporation of leaf rust resistance gene lr34 into 'thatcher' is known to enhance stem rust resistance. the effect of this gene in a 'canthatch' background and its relationship with the 7dl suppressor were determined by replacing chromoso ...	1999	18944724
modeling wheat harvest index as a function of date of anthesis.	a plant growth model developed by volk and colleagues was modified to partition plant mass production after anthesis into grain and inedible biomass. using data on wheat (triticum aestivum) grown in the nasa celss biomass production chamber to supply constants for the model, we showed that delaying the date of anthesis 7 days resulted in a 20% decrease in the harvest index. multiple model components were then assembled to demonstrate the effect of an environmental system failure.	1999	11543264
low irradiances affect abscisic acid, indole-3-acidic acid, and cytokinin levels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tissues.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants were grown under four irradiance levels: 1,400, 400, 200, and 100 micromol m-2 s-1. leaves and roots were sampled before, during, and after the boot stage, and levels of abscisic acid (aba), indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), zeatin, zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin, dihydrozeatin riboside, isopentenyl adenine, and isopentenyl adenosine were quantified using noncompetitive indirect elisa systems. levels of iaa in leaves and roots of plants exposed to 100 micromol m-2 s ...	1999	11543183
spatial organization of the gravitropic response in plants: applicability of the revised local curvature distribution model to triticum aestivum coleoptiles.	the revised local curvature distribution model, which provides accurate computer simulations of the gravitropic response of mushroom stems, was found to produce accurate simulations of the gravitropic reaction of wheat (triticum aestivum) coleoptiles. the key feature of the mathematical model that enables it to approach universality of application is the assumption that the stem has an autonomic straightening reaction (curvature compensation or 'autotropism'). in the model, the local bending rat ...	1999	11542912
crop biomass leaching for nutrient recycling in a celss.	leaching may be employed as a biomass conversion technique to minimize consumption of system resources in a celss. this study examined leaching rates and total leachability of triticum aestivum l. yecora rojo residue. total biomass reduction and phosphate concentration in the leachate were tested as a function of particle size, leaching time of solid, temperature, and sonication versus mechanical agitation. for modeling purposes, phosphate rate constants were determined experimentally via batch ...	1999	11542684
growing wheat in biosphere 2 under elevated co2: observations and modeling.	spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. yecora rojo) was grown in the intensive agricultural biome (iab) of biosphere 2 during the l995-l996 winter/spring season. environmental conditions were characterized by a day/night temperature regime of 27/17 degrees c, relative humidity (rh) levels around 45%, mean atmospheric co2 concentration of 450 ppmv, and natural light conditions with mean intensities about half of outside levels. weekly samples of above-ground plant matter were collected throughou ...	1999	11542248
ground-based studies with super-dwarf wheat in preparation for space flight.	several experiments were carried out to test responses of a super-dwarf cultivar of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to various environmental parameters that were anticipated to be present in our attempts to grow the wheat in a small growth chamber on the russian space station, mir, or that proved to be present in a 1995 trial space experiment. under low photosynthetic photon flux (40-400 micromoles m-2 s-1 ppf), development (e.g. anthesis) was retarded, but heads (often sterile) always formed, even ...	1998	11540590
molecular evidence on maize specific dna fragment transferred into wheat through sexual hybridization.	nearly 100 maize-specific repeated dna clones were screened from a maize random genomic library, and used for rflp analysis of two wheat dh populations from wheat and maize crosses. the result showed that a maize fragment in clone mr64 was transferred into two wheat dh lines, i.e. no. 18 in common wheat dhs and no. 15 in persicum wheat dhs, in which strong hybridization signals were detected. it is first proved at dna level that some maize-specific dna can be transferred into wheat dh progenies ...	1998	18726195
meiosis of wheat x lymegrass hybrids.	meiosis was examined in pollen mother cells of f1 hybrids made from crosses between wheat (triticum aestivum) and lymegrass (leymus arenarius and l. mollis). fluorescence genomic in situ hybridization detected pairing between wheat and lymegrass chromosomes during prophase i and metaphase i. such pairing, when resulting in bivalent formation, was likely to yield correct disjunction, and hence intergenomic recombination could be incorporated into the gametes. bivalents in these hybrids, however, ...	1998	9872662
comparison of the ability of partially n-acetylated chitosans and chitooligosaccharides to elicit resistance reactions in wheat leaves	chitin, a linear polysaccharide composed of (1-->4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranose (glcnac) residues, and chitosan, the fully or partially n-acetylated, water-soluble derivative of chitin composed of (1-->4)-linked glcnac and 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranose (glcn), have been proposed as elicitors of defense reactions in higher plants. we tested and compared the ability of purified (1-->4)-linked oligomers of glcnac (tetramer to decamer) and of glcn (pentamer and heptamer) a ...	1998	9847109
characterization of a low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from bread wheat and the corresponding protein that represents a major subunit of the glutenin polymer.	both high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) play the major role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) flour. to date there has been no clear correspondence between the amino acid sequences of lmw-gs derived from dna sequencing and those of actual lmw-gs present in the endosperm. we have characterized a particular lmw-gs from hexaploid bread wheat, a major component of the glutenin polymer, which we call the 42k lmw-gs, and have isolated and ...	1998	9847089
estimating the excess investment in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in leaves of spring wheat grown under elevated co2	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown under co2 partial pressures of 36 and 70 pa with two n-application regimes. responses of photosynthesis to varying co2 partial pressure were fitted to estimate the maximal carboxylation rate and the nonphotorespiratory respiration rate in flag and preceding leaves. the maximal carboxylation rate was proportional to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) content, and the light-saturated photosynthetic rate at 70 pa co2 was proportional to ...	1998	9808739
circadian-regulated transcription of the psbd light-responsive promoter in wheat chloroplasts.	the level of mrnas derived from the plastid-encoded psbd light-responsive promoter (lrp) is controlled by a circadian clock(s) in wheat (triticum aestivum). the circadian oscillations in the psbd lrp mrna level persisted for at least three cycles in continuous light and for one cycle in continuous dark, with maxima in subjective morning and minima in subjective early night. in vitro transcription in chloroplast extracts revealed that the circadian cycles in the psbd lrp mrna level were dominantl ...	1998	9808753
effect of the pairing gene ph1 and premeiotic colchicine treatment on intra- and interchromosome pairing of isochromosomes in common wheat.	the analysis of the pattern of isochromosome pairing allows one to distinguish factors affecting presynaptic alignment of homologous chromosomes from those affecting synapsis and crossing-over. because the two homologous arms in an isochromosome are invariably associated by a common centromere, the suppression of pairing between these arms (intrachromosome pairing) would indicate that synaptic or postsynaptic events were impaired. in contrast, the suppression of pairing between an isochromosome ...	1998	9799271
rapid up-regulation of hkt1, a high-affinity potassium transporter gene, in roots of barley and wheat following withdrawal of potassium	high-affinity k+ uptake in plant roots is rapidly up-regulated when k+ is withheld and down-regulated when k+ is resupplied. these processes make important contributions to plant k+ homeostasis. a cdna coding for a high-affinity k+ transporter, hkt1, was earlier cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots and functionally characterized. we demonstrate here that in both barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat roots, a rapid and large up-regulation of hkt1 mrna levels resulted when k+ was withdra ...	1998	9765551
does a low nitrogen supply necessarily lead to acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated co2?	long-term exposure of plants to elevated partial pressures of co2 (pco2) often depresses photosynthetic capacity. the mechanistic basis for this photosynthetic acclimation may involve accumulation of carbohydrate and may be promoted by nutrient limitation. however, our current knowledge is inadequate for making reliable predictions concerning the onset and extent of acclimation. many studies have sought to investigate the effects of n supply but the methodologies used generally do not allow sepa ...	1998	9765543
three mechanisms for the calcium alleviation of mineral toxicities	ca2+ in rooting medium is essential for root elongation, even in the absence of added toxicants. in the presence of rhizotoxic levels of al3+, h+, or na+ (or other cationic toxicants), supplementation of the medium with higher levels of ca2+ alleviates growth inhibition. experiments to determine the mechanisms of alleviation entailed measurements of root elongation in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv scout 66) seedlings in controlled medium. a gouy-chapman-stern model was used to compute the elect ...	1998	9765536
computation of surface electrical potentials of plant cell membranes . correspondence to published zeta potentials from diverse plant sources	a gouy-chapman-stern model has been developed for the computation of surface electrical potential (psi0) of plant cell membranes in response to ionic solutes. the present model is a modification of an earlier version developed to compute the sorption of ions by wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv scout 66) root plasma membranes. a single set of model parameters generates values for psi0 that correlate highly with published zeta potentials of protoplasts and plasma membrane vesicles from diverse plant ...	1998	9765535
a nonparametric bootstrap method for testing close linkage vs. pleiotropy of coincident quantitative trait loci.	a novel method using the nonparametric bootstrap is proposed for testing whether a quantitative trait locus (qtl) at one chromosomal position could explain effects on two separate traits. if the single-qtl hypothesis is accepted, pleiotropy could explain the effect on two traits. if it is rejected, then the effects on two traits are due to linked qtls. the method can be used in conjunction with several qtl mapping methods as long as they provide a straightforward estimate of the number of qtls d ...	1998	9755221
characterization of zinc uptake, binding, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars	durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) cultivars exhibit lower zn efficiency than comparable bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. to understand the physiological mechanism(s) that confers zn efficiency, this study used 65zn to investigate ionic zn2+ root uptake, binding, and translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars. time-dependent zn2+ accumulation during 90 min was greater in roots of the bread wheat cultivar. zn2+ cell wall binding was not differen ...	1998	9733541
dynamics of tandem repetitive afa-family sequences in triticeae, wheat-related species.	the afa-family sequences in wheat-related species, triticeae, are tandem repetitive sequences of 340 bp. all the analyzed triticeae species carried the sequences in their genomes, though the copy numbers varied about 100-fold among the species. the nucleotide fragments amplified by pcr were cloned and sequenced, and their behavior in the evolution of triticeae was analyzed by the neighbor-joining (nj) method. the sequences in genomes with many copies of this family clustered at independent branc ...	1998	9694667
a microsatellite map of wheat.	hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) is one of the world's most important crop plants and displays a very low level of intraspecific polymorphism. we report the development of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers using procedures optimized for the large wheat genome. the isolation of microsatellite-containing clones from hypomethylated regions of the wheat genome increased the proportion of useful markers almost twofold. the majority (80%) of primer sets developed are geno ...	1998	9691054
isolation and characterization of wheat aluminum-regulated genes: possible involvement of aluminum as a pathogenesis response elicitor.	using differential screening of a root tip cdna library prepared from an al-tolerant wheat cultivar (triticum aestivum l. cv. atlas-66) exposed to al, we have isolated and characterized several wheat aluminum-regulated (war) cdnas. sequence comparison revealed that genes up-regulated by al correspond to peroxidase (war4.2), cysteine proteinase (war5.2), phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (war7.2), and oxalate oxidase (war13.2). two wheat cultivars that differ in their level of tolerance (cv. atlas-66: ...	1998	9684357
does leaf position within a canopy affect acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated co2?. analysis of a wheat crop under free-air co2 enrichment	previous studies of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated co2 have focused on the most recently expanded, sunlit leaves in the canopy. we examined acclimation in a vertical profile of leaves through a canopy of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the crop was grown at an elevated co2 partial pressure of 55 pa within a replicated field experiment using free-air co2 enrichment. gas exchange was used to estimate in vivo carboxylation capacity and the maximum rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-limited pho ...	1998	9662547
effect of water stress on cell division and cell-division-cycle 2-like cell-cycle kinase activity in wheat leaves	in wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings subjected to a mild water stress (water potential of -0.3 mpa), the leaf-elongation rate was reduced by one-half and the mitotic activity of mesophyll cells was reduced to 42% of well-watered controls within 1 d. there was also a reduction in the length of the zone of mesophyll cell division to within 4 mm from the base compared with 8 mm in control leaves. however, the period of division continued longer in the stressed than in the control leaves, and the ...	1998	9625720
position effects of ribosomal rna multigene loci on meiotic recombination in wheat.	homeologous wheat chromosome arms that differ by the presence or absence of a nor locus or greatly differ in the numbers of copies of rrna genes per nor locus show conspicuous differences in the distribution of recombination. to assess directly the position effects of nor loci on recombination across chromosome arms, a triticum monococcum nor9 haplotype was substituted for triticum aestivum nor9 haplotypes on two t. aestivum 1a chromosomes in the isogenic background of cv chinese spring. the num ...	1998	9611218
developmentally regulated organ-, tissue-, and cell-specific expression of calmodulin genes in common wheat.	recently, we reported on the characterization of the calmodulin (cam) gene family in wheat [44]. we classified wheat cam genes into four subfamilies (sfs) designated sf-1 to sf-4, each representing a series of homoeoallelic loci on the homoeologous chromosomes of the three genomes of common wheat. here we studied the expression of these wheat cam genes in the course of wheat development. northern blot analysis using sf-specific probes revealed differences in sf expression levels in different org ...	1998	9620269
transpiration efficiency of three mediterranean annual pasture species and wheat.	attempts to improve water use efficiency in regions with mediterranean climates generally focus on increasing plant transpiration relative to evaporation from the soil and increasing transpiration efficiency. our aim was to determine if transpiration efficiency differs among key species occurring in annual pastures in southern australia. two glasshouse experiments were conducted with three key pasture species, subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum l.), capeweed [arctotheca calendula (l.) l ...	1998	28308465
wheat grain hardness results from highly conserved mutations in the friabilin components puroindoline a and b.	"soft" and "hard" are the two main market classes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and are distinguished by expression of the hardness gene. friabilin, a marker protein for grain softness (ha), consists of two proteins, puroindoline a and b (pina and pinb, respectively). we previously demonstrated that a glycine to serine mutation in pinb is linked inseparably to grain hardness. here, we report that the pinb serine mutation is present in 9 of 13 additional randomly selected hard wheats and in non ...	1998	9600953
expression and localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in developing and germinating wheat grains.	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) activity and corresponding mrna levels were investigated in developing and germinating wheat (triticum aestivum) grains. during grain development pepc activity increased to reach a maximum 15 d postanthesis. western-blot experiments detected two main pepc polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 108 and 103 kd. the most abundant 103-kd pepc subunit remained almost constant throughout the process of grain development and in the scutellum and aleurone l ...	1998	9536041
characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars	high cd content in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) grain grown in the united states and canada presents potential health and economic problems for consumers and growers. in an effort to understand the biological processes that result in excess cd accumulation, root cd uptake and xylem translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat cultivars were studied. whole-plant cd accumulation was somewhat greater in the bread wheat cultivar, but this ...	1998	9536059
wheat cultivar discrimination by capillary electrophoresis of gliadins in isoelectric buffers.	a modified method is reported for screening of wheat cultivars: capillary zone electrophoresis of gliadins in isoelectric buffers. previously published procedures recommended a 100 mm phosphate buffer, supplemented with 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and 20% acetonitrile, in uncoated capillaries. due to the very high conductivity of such a buffer (4.7 mmhos at 25 degrees c) high speed separations (10-12 min analysis time at 800 v/cm) could only be elicited in 20 microm internal diameter (id) ...	1998	9548297
effect of the pairing gene ph1 on centromere misdivision in common wheat.	the cytologically diploid-like meiotic behavior of hexaploid wheat (i.e., exclusive bivalent pairing of homologues) is largely controlled by the pairing homoeologous gene ph1. this gene suppresses pairing between homoeologous (partially homologous) chromosomes of the three closely related genomes that compose the hexaploid wheat complement. it has been previously proposed that ph1 regulates meiotic pairing by determining the pattern of premeiotic arrangement of homologous and homoeologous chromo ...	1998	9539442
development, characterization, and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the measurement of cadmium fluxes in roots of thlaspi species and wheat	a cd2+-selective vibrating microelectrode was constructed using a neutral carrier-based cd ionophore to investigate ion-transport processes along the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and two species of thlaspi, one a zn/cd hyperaccumulator and the other a related nonaccumulator. in simple cd(no3)2 solutions, the electrode exhibited a nernstian response in solutions with cd2+ activities as low as 50 nm. addition of ca2+ to the calibration solutions did not influence the slope of the calibrat ...	1998	9536057
re-aeration following hypoxia or anoxia leads to activation of the antioxidative defense system in roots of wheat seedlings	the response of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle was investigated in roots of young wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings that were deprived of oxygen either by subjecting them to root hypoxia or to entire plant anoxia and then re-aerated. although higher total levels of ascorbate and glutathione were observed under hypoxia, only the total amount of ascorbate was increased under anoxia. under both treatments a significant increase in the reduced form of ascorbate and glutathione was found, resul ...	1998	9490765
genetic diversity in australian wheat varieties and breeding material based on rflp data.	restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) have been used to characterise the genetic diversity of wheat (triticum aestivum) germplasm. one hundred and twenty-four accessions comprising all major australian wheat varieties and lines important for breeding purposes were assayed for rflps with clones of known genetic location and selected to give uniform genome coverage. the objectives of this study were to determine rflp-based genetic similarity between accessions and to derive association ...	1998	24710883
detection of ca2+-dependent transglutaminase activity in root and leaf tissue of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants	protein extracted from root and leaf tissue of the dicotyledonous plants pea (pisum sativum) and broad bean (vicia faba) and the monocotyledonous plants wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) were shown to catalyze the incorporation of biotin-labeled cadaverine into microtiter-plate-bound n', n'-dimethylcasein and the cross-linking of biotin-labeled casein to microtiter-plate-bound casein in a ca2+-dependent manner. the cross-linking of biotinylated casein and the incorporation o ...	1998	9662554
xyloglucan octasaccharide xxlgol derived from the seeds of hymenaea courbaril acts as a signaling molecule	treatment of the xyloglucan isolated from the seeds of hymenaea courbaril with humicola insolens endo-1,4-beta-d-glucanase i produced xyloglucan oligosaccharides, which were then isolated and characterized. the two most abundant compounds were the heptasaccharide (xxxg) and the octasaccharide (xxlg), which were examined by reference to the biological activity of other structurally related xyloglucan compounds. the reduced oligomer (xxlgol) was shown to promote growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) ...	1998	9501133
lr46: a gene conferring slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat.	abstract wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar pavon 76 carries slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust that has remained effective in mexico since its release in 1976. 'pavon 76' was crossed with two leaf rust-susceptible wheat cultivars, jupateco 73s and avocet s, and between 118 and 148 individual f(2) plant-derived f(3) and f(5) lines were evaluated for adult-plant leaf rust resistance at two field sites in mexico during different seasons. evaluation of f(1) plants and parents indicated that the s ...	1998	18944865
herbicide safener-binding protein of maize. purification, cloning, and expression of an encoding cdna.	dichloroacetamide safeners protect maize (zea mays l.) against injury from chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides. etiolated maize seedlings have a high-affinity cytosolic-binding site for the safener [3h](r,s)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1, 3-oxazol-idine ([3h]saf), and this safener-binding activity (safba) is competitively inhibited by the herbicides. the safener-binding protein (safbp), purified to homogeneity, has a relative molecular weight of 39,000, as shown by sodium dodecyl ...	1998	9501141
characterization of wheat thioredoxin h cdna and production of an active triticum aestivum protein in escherichia coli.	two cdna clones, ptam13.38 and ptd14.13.2, encoding a triticum aestivum and a triticum durum thioredoxin h, respectively, were isolated from mid-maturation seed cdna libraries. the t aestivum thioredoxin h has a molecular mass of 13.5 kda and that from t durum has a molecular mass of 13.8 kda. these two wheat thioredoxin h are 98.5% similar and contain the canonical wcgpc active site and the important structural and functional amino acids that are conserved in thioredoxin sequences. the recombin ...	1998	9523703
subcellular localization of beta-1,3-glucanase in puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici-infected wheat leaves.	an antiserum raised against the purified 33-kda beta-1,3-glucanase of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was employed to investigate the ultrastructural localization of the enzyme in wheat leaves infected with puccinia recondita rob. ex desm. f.sp. tritici eriks. and henn. using a post-embedding immunogold labelling technique. in both compatible and incompatible interactions, beta-1,3-glucanase was detected in the host plasmalemma and in the domain of the host cell wall near the plasmalemma of the mes ...	1998	9530876
corneal glycoconjugates: an ultrastructural lectin-gold study.	the oligosaccharide chains of cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoconjugates are essential for the biological properties of these molecules. we have, therefore, investigated carbohydrate residues in the rat cornea using biotinylated lectin-gold probes. fixed corneas were removed and embedded in lowicryl hm20 or lr white. ultrathin sections were incubated in one of the lectins: triticum vulgare (wga), canavalia ensiformis (con a), griffonia simplicifolia (gs-1), limax flavus (lfa) and allo ...	1998	9539207
regulation of gelatinase b (mmp-9) in leukocytes by plant lectins.	the stimulatory or inhibitory effects of plant lectins on the production of gelatinase a (mmp-2) and gelatinase b (mmp-9) by mononuclear white blood cells was investigated by substrate zymography. leukocyte cultures from 24-h old buffy coats were spontaneously activated and produced high levels of gelatinase b. using such cultures the suppressing activity of the datura stramonium, viscum album, bauhinia purpurea, triticum aestivum and maackia amurensis lectins on gelatinase b induction were demo ...	1998	9607327
analysis of plastid dna-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants.	a wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)dna sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous dna) was undertaken. digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and southern analysis was used to distinguish plastid and nuclear dna in order to assess the extent of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species. some species, such as gossypium hirsutum (cotton), nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these se ...	1998	9615455
structural specificities and significance for coeliac disease of wheat gliadin peptides able to agglutinate or to prevent agglutination of k562(s) cells.	two peptides corresponding to bread wheat a-gliadin fragments 31-43 and 44-55, well known for their ability to damage the coeliac disease intestinal mucosa both in vitro and in vivo, have been confirmed to be very active in inducing in vitro agglutination of k 562 (s) cells. removal of six amino acid residues from the carboxy-terminal end of the 31-43 peptide, or of five amino acid residues from the amino terminal end of the 44-55 peptide, resulted in a lower, but still very significant, cell ag ...	1998	9699797
distribution patterns of 104 kda stress-associated protein in rice.	a 104 kda protein (sap 104) accumulates in rice seedlings in response to several abiotic stress conditions and immunological homologues of rice sap 104 have been detected in several monocot and dicot species, as also neurospora crassa, a fungus. in this report, we show that the amino acid sequence of a tryptic peptide generated from purified sap 104 bears significant homology with an atp-binding domain of the hsp 100 family proteins of arabidopsis thaliana and glycine max. it is further shown th ...	1998	9700064
site directed mutagenesis reduces the na+ affinity of hkt1, an na+ energized high affinity k+ transporter.	hkt1 encodes a high affinity na+ coupled k+ transporter expressed in the cortical cells of triticum aestivum roots. to identify regions of the protein involved in the binding and transport of na+ and k+, mutations were introduced into a domain of hkt1 containing 16 amino acids that are highly conserved across a range of putative k+ transport proteins from different phyla. two mutations had a significant effect on the functional characteristics of the transporter. a yeast growth assay showed that ...	1998	9710245
in situ detection of a fungal glycoprotein-elicitor in stem rust-infected susceptible and resistant wheat using immunogold electron microscopy.	immunoelectron microscopy (iem) was used to analyze the compatible and incompatible host-pathogen interaction between the obligate, biotroph stem rust (puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici; pgt) and primary leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the investigation was focused on the subcellular localization of a fungal elicitor glycoprotein of stem rust (pgt-elicitor). uredospores as well as fungal infection structures of stem rust on wheat leaves were probed with a specific monoclonal antibody, in o ...	1998	9765056
characterization of a granule-bound starch synthase isoform found in the pericarp of wheat.	waxy wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lacks the waxy protein, which is also known as granule-bound starch synthase i (gbssi). the starch granules of waxy wheat endosperm and pollen do not contain amylose and therefore stain red-brown with iodine. however, we observed that starch from pericarp tissue of waxy wheat stained blue-black and contained amylose. significantly higher starch synthase activity was detected in pericarp starch granules than in endosperm starch granules. a granule-bound protein t ...	1998	9765530
genetic mapping of hessian fly avirulence gene vh6 using bulked segregant analysis.	the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), an important insect pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., has a gene-for-gene relationship with wheat: single genes in the insect condition avirulence to specific resistance genes in wheat. we report the discovery of the first molecular genetic marker that is tightly linked to a hessian fly avirulence gene. this dominant dna polymorphism (opg15-1) was identified using bulked segregant analysis and arbitrary primers in polymerase chain reactions. bulked ...	1998	9809439
the chromosomal organization of simple sequence repeats in wheat and rye genomes.	the physical distribution of ten simple-sequence repeated dna motifs (ssrs) was studied on chromosomes of bread wheat, rye and hexaploid triticale. oligomers with repeated di-, tri- or tetra-nucleotide motifs were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization to root-tip metaphase and anther pachytene chromosomes. all motifs showed dispersed hybridization signals of varying strengths on all chromosomes. in addition, the motifs (ag)12, (cat)5, (aag)5, (gcc)5 and, in particular, (gaca)4 hy ...	1998	9933412
evaluation of ash from some tropical plants of nigeria for the control of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. on wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	eleven ash samples, from organs of nine tropical plants, were screened for their abilities to inhibit mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of a nigerian isolate of sclerotium rolfsii on agar and in the soil. ten ash samples showed some activity against mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ash samples from delonix regia stem wood, mangifera indica leaf and vernonia amygdalina leaf were most effective as each totally inhibited mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ocimum gratissimum lea ...	1998	16284852
a major gene for powdery mildew resistance transferred to common wheat from wild einkorn wheat.	abstract a major gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici = erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) has been successfully transferred into hexaploid common wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) from wild einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides, 2n = 2x = 14, aa). nc96bgta5 is a germ plasm line with the pedigree saluda x 3/pi427662. the response patterns for powdery mildew resistance in nc96bgta5 were tested with 30 differential isolates of ...	1998	18944983
study of the refirming effect of a plant complex.	loss of skin elasticity is one of the main problems of ageing. this is a mechanical property influenced by elastin, a protein in the dermis which, together with collagen and glycosaminoglycans, makes up the connective tissue. this tissue is affected by a large number of events (such as cutaneous ageing, pregnancy, slimming processes and cellulitis) which eventually cause it to change. at the same time, the metabolism of the proteins of the connective tissue decreases and there is an ever greater ...	1998	18505506
influence of plant resistance at the third trophic level: interactions between parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi of cereal aphids.	host-plant resistance can affect herbivorous insects and their natural enemies such as parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi. this tritrophic effect acts on interspecific interactions between the two groups of natural enemies distantly related in phylogenetic terms. the intra- and extra-host aspects of the interaction between the cereal aphid parasitoid aphidius rhopalosiphi and the entomopathogenic fungus erynia neoaphidis developing on the grain aphid, sitobion avenae, on resistant and suscep ...	1998	28307923
replication of 5 s ribosomal genes precedes the appearance of early nuclear replication complexes.	the present work shows that replication of the 5 s ribosomal genes differs in time and 3'deoxyadenosine sensitivity from replication of other nuclear genes, in allium cepa l. root meristems. fluorescence in situ hybridization with the pta794 dna probe which contains a complete 410 bp 5 s gene from triticum aestivum allowed to detect four clusters of 5 s genes in these diploid cells (2n = 16), two of them in the short arm of the smallest metacentric chromosomal pair 7. replication of the 5 s ribo ...	1998	9860141
temperature-stress-induced impairment of chlorophyll biosynthetic reactions in cucumber and wheat	chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis in chill (7 degreesc)- and heat (42 degreesc)-stressed cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv poinsette) seedlings was affected by 90 and 60%, respectively. inhibition of chl biosynthesis was partly due to impairment of 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis both in chill- (78%) and heat-stress (70%) conditions. protochlorophyllide (pchlide) synthesis in chill- and heat-stressed seedlings was inhibited by 90 and 70%, respectively. severe inhibition of pchlide biosynthesis in ...	1998	9662527
identification of a novel isoform of the chloroplast-coupling factor alpha-subunit.	studies were conducted to identify a 64-kd thylakoid membrane protein of unknown function. the protein was extracted from chloroplast thylakoids under low ionic strength conditions and purified to homogeneity by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. four peptides generated from the proteolytic cleavage of the wheat 64-kd protein were sequenced and found to be identical to internal sequences of the chloroplast-coupling factor (cf1) alpha-subunit. antibodies for th ...	1998	9489017
[study on the physiological activities of the metabolites from paecilomyces arovirens].	the metabolites of paecilomyces arovirens exhibited insecticidal activities to many inscct pcsts, including cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, hawthorn ispidcr mitc, tetranychus viennensis and larvae of imported cabbage worm, pietis rapae. a comparison was made between the metabolites of p. arovirens and naphthyl acetic acid (naa) in wheat (triticum aestivum) and water melon (cucumis sativus) bioassays on their physiological effects. results demonstrated that some of the metabolites physiological act ...	1998	12549393
moderately high temperatures inhibit ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase-mediated activation of rubisco	we tested the hypothesis that light activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) is inhibited by moderately elevated temperature through an effect on rubisco activase. when cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) or wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf tissue was exposed to increasing temperatures in the light, activation of rubisco was inhibited above 35 and 30 degreesc, respectively, and the relative inhibition was greater for wheat than for cotton. the temperature-induced inhib ...	1998	9490757
nitrogen balance for wheat canopies (triticum aestivum cv. veery 10) grown under elevated and ambient co2 concentrations.	we examined the hypothesis that elevated co2 concentration would increase no3- absorption and assimilation using intact wheat canopies (triticum aestivum cv. veery 10). nitrate consumption, the sum of plant absorption and nitrogen loss, was continuously monitored for 23 d following germination under two co2 concentrations (360 and 1000 micromol mol-1 co2) and two root zone no3- concentrations (100 and 1000 mmol m3 no3-). the plants were grown at high density (1780 m-2) in a 28 m3 controlled envi ...	1998	11543217
adaptation to high co2 concentration in an optimal environment: radiation capture, canopy quantum yield and carbon use efficiency.	the effect of elevated [co2] on wheat (triticum aestivum l. veery 10) productivity was examined by analysing radiation capture, canopy quantum yield, canopy carbon use efficiency, harvest index and daily c gain. canopies were grown at either 330 or 1200 micromoles mol-1 [co2] in controlled environments, where root and shoot c fluxes were monitored continuously from emergence to harvest. a rapidly circulating hydroponic solution supplied nutrients, water and root zone oxygen. at harvest, dry mass ...	1998	11543216
photosynthetic capacity and dry mass partitioning in dwarf and semi-dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	efficient use of space and high yields are critical for long-term food production aboard the international space station. the selection of a full dwarf wheat (less than 30 cm tall) with high photosynthetic and yield potential is a necessary prerequisite for growing wheat in the controlled, volume-limited environments available aboard long-term spaceflight missions. this study evaluated the photosynthetic capacity and carbon partitioning of a full-dwarf wheat cultivar, super dwarf, which is routi ...	1998	11542674
metabolism of phenanthrene in cell suspension cultures of wheat and soybean as well as in intact plants of the water mossfontinalis antipyretica: a comparative study.	the metabolism of phenanthrene was studied both in cell suspension cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum) and soybean (glycine max), and in intact plants of the water mossfontinalis antipyretica. metabolism in cell suspension cultures strongly differed between the monocotyle and the dicotyle plant. only small amounts oftrans-phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiole and phenanthrene-9,10-dione were detectable in the wheat culture. soybean cultures, in contrast demonstrated a strong turnover resulting in a 7 ...	1998	19005815
super-optimal co2 reduces wheat yield in growth chamber and greenhouse environments.	seven growth chamber trials (six replicate trials using 0.035, 0.12, and 0.25% co2 in air and one trial using 0.12, 0.80, and 2.0% co2 in air) and three replicate greenhouse trials (0.035, 0.10, 0.18, 0.26, 0.50, and 1.0% co2 in air) compare the effects of super-optimal co2 on the seed yield, harvest index, and vegetative growth rate of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cvs. usu-apogee and veery-10). plants in the growth chamber trials were grown hydroponically under fluorescent lamps, while the green ...	1997	11542567
yield comparisons and unique characteristics of the dwarf wheat cultivar 'usu-apogee'.	extremely short, high yielding cultivars of all crop plants are needed to optimize the food production of bioregenerative life support systems in space. in the early 1980's, we examined over a thousand wheat genotypes from the world germplasm collection in search of genotypes with appropriate characteristics for food production in space. here we report the results of 12 years of hybridization and selection for the perfect wheat cultivar. 'usu-apogee' is a full-dwarf hard red spring wheat (tritic ...	1997	11542565
diffuse light and wheat radiation-use efficiency in a controlled environment.	radiation-use efficiency (dry matter produced per unit absorbed radiation) of a spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. veery-10) was 40% higher in controlled growth chamber experiments than under optimal field conditions. simulations with ceres-wheat, a field model modified to account for growth chamber conditions, suggest that the observed increase in radiation-use efficiency was due to the large fraction of diffuse light in the experimental chamber. under optimal conditions in the field, the ...	1997	11540456
cdna clones encoding 1,3-beta-glucanase and a fimbrin-like cytoskeletal protein are induced by al toxicity in wheat roots.	a cdna library made from mrna of al-treated roots of an al-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum cv victory) cultivar was screened with a degenerate oligonucleotide probe derived from the partial amino acid sequence of the al-induced protein tai-18. of seven clones that initially hybridized with the probe, one encoded a novel 1,3-beta-glucanase having a calculated molecular weight of 46.3 and an isoelectric point of 6.0. like the a6 1,3-beta-glucanase gene products from brassica napus and arabidops ...	1997	9276954
biochemical alterations of the tunica albuginea in impotence.	the objectives of this study were to quantify the immunohistochemical stainings of collagen types i, iii and iv, and investigate the value of glycohistochemical staining with 3 lectin types specific to a particular glycan structure, arachis hypogaea, triticum vulgare and concanavalin a, as a method of defining possible changes in the collagen structure of the tunica albuginea in potent and impotent patients.	1997	9334600