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ethnobotanical survey for potential anti-malarial plants in south-western nigeria.the ethnobotanical study surveyed the different types of medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in the south-western region of nigeria.201223085021
medicinal plants potential and use by pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in erer valley of babile wereda, eastern ethiopia.ethiopian plants have shown remarkably effective medicinal values for many human and livestock ailments. some research results are found on medicinal plants of the south, south west, central, north and north western parts of ethiopia. however, there is lack of data that quantitatively assesses the resource potential and the indigenous knowledge on use and management of medicinal plants in eastern ethiopia. the main thrust of the present ethnobotanical study centres around the potential and use o ...201223082858
evaluation of anti-plaque microbial activity of azadirachta indica (neem oil) in vitro: a pilot study.probably microbial plaque is the main etiology for periodontal tissue inflammation. various chemical agents have been evaluated over the years with respect to their antimicrobial effects in the oral cavity. however, all are associated with side effects that prohibit regular long-term use. therefore, the effectiveness of azadirachta indica (neem) against plaque formation is considered to be vital, with lesser side effects. the aim of the present study is to evaluate and prove the antimicrobial ac ...201223066297
antiviral activity and mode of action of extracts from neem seed kernel against duck plague virus in vitro1.four fractions obtained from alcohol extracts of neem (azadirachta indica) seed kernel by column chromatography were investigated for antivirus activity against the duck plague virus (dpv) in vitro. duck embryo fibroblasts (def) infected with dpv were treated with the neem seed kernel extracts, and the effect of antivirus was judged by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide colorimetric method assay and direct immunofluorescence assay. the mode of action was tested by th ...201223091135
induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by nimbolide through extrinsic and intrinsic pathway.we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of nimbolide, a limonoid present in leaves and flowers of the neem tree (azadirachta indica) on human breast cancer cells. the molecular mechanisms involved in the apoptotic activity exerted by nimbolide were studied on the estrogen dependent (mcf-7) and estrogen independent (mda-mb-231) human breast cancer cell lines. the growth inhibitory effect of nimbolide was assessed by mtt assay. apoptosis induction by nimbolide treatment was determined by jc- ...201223089555
strengthening of antioxidant defense by azadirachta indica in alloxan-diabetic rat tissues.azadirachta indica has been reported to correct altered glycaemia in diabetes.201223125509
observations on effects of a neem seed extract (mitestop®) on biting lice (mallophages) and bloodsucking insects parasitizing horses.the hair of 300 horses belonging to short hair and long hair races had been routinely treated during the last 3 years with a neem seed extract (mitestop®) in order to kill mallophages (e.g., specimens of the genus werneckiella). it was found that in all cases, a hidden infestation with these biting lice had existed, which became visible when the product (diluted 1:20 with tap water) was brushed onto the hair. the mallophages left the body surface and became visible as a fine "wooly looking" laye ...201221695566
neem oil (azadirachta indica) nanoemulsion--a potent larvicidal agent against culex quinquefasciatus.nanoemulsion composed of neem oil and non-ionic surfactant tween 20, with a mean droplet size ranging from 31.03 to 251.43 nm, was formulated for various concentrations of the oil and surfactant. the larvicidal effect of the formulated neem oil nanoemulsion was checked against culex quinquefasciatus.201221726037
removal of pb(ii) ions from aqueous solution and industrial effluent using natural biosorbents.the purpose of the research is to investigate the applicability of the low-cost natural biosorbents for the removal of pb(ii) ions from aqueous solution and effluent from battery industry.201222293904
use of plant residues on growth of mycorrhizal seedlings of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.).owing to its multiple uses in veterinary medicine, biofertilizers, pest control, etc., the commercial cultivation of neem (azadirachta indica) has been increasing in various countries. the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and plant by-products (composted leaves and residues of neem and sugarcane) for the propagation of seedlings can be an efficient alternative to stimulate plant growth, reducing the propagation time and conferring increased tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stre ...201225363647
strategies to overcome oxygen transfer limitations during hairy root cultivation of azadiracta indica for enhanced azadirachtin production.the vast untapped potential of hairy root cultures as a stable source of biologically active chemicals has focused the attention of scientific community toward its commercial exploitation. however, the major bottleneck remains its successful scale-up. due to branching, the roots form an interlocked matrix that exhibits resistance to oxygen transfer. thus, present work was undertaken to develop cultivation strategies like optimization of inlet gas composition (in terms of % (v/v) o(2) in air), ai ...201222246729
development of a mathematical model for growth and oxygen transfer in in vitro plant hairy root cultivations.genetically transformed, "hairy roots" once developed can serve as a stable parent culture for in vitro production of plant secondary metabolites. however, the major bottleneck in the commercial exploitation of hairy roots remains its successful scale-up due to oxygen transfer limitation in three-dimensionally growing hairy root mass. mass transfer resistances near the gas-liquid and liquid-solid boundary layer affect the oxygen delivery to the growing hairy roots. in addition, the diffusional m ...201222222429
the methanol extract of azadirachta indica a. juss leaf protects mice against lethal endotoxemia and sepsis.in the present study, the inhibitory effect of neem leaf extract (nle) on lipopolysaccaride (lps)-induced nitric oxide (no) and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) production was examined both in vitro and in vivo. in vitro study revealed that nle treatment (100 μg/ml) inhibits lps (100 ng/ml)-induced no production by 96% and tnf-α production by 32%. the reduction in no production is probably conferred by the complete suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) expression. interestingly, i ...201224116281
snails and slugs damaging the cut foliage, cordyline fruticosa and use of biorationals towards their management.snails and slugs became a serious molluscan pests and damaging leaves of purple compacta, cordyline fruticosa extensively grown for export at green farm ltd, sri lanka. the export quality of leaves of c. fruticosa is lowered due to feeding of snails, achantina fulica (bowditch), opeas pyrgula schmacker and boettgerx and helix aspersa muller and slugs incurring great loss to cut foliage industry. paucity of information is available to understand snails and slugs damage and their host range that l ...201223885439
immunomodulatory and therapeutic potentials of herbal, traditional/indigenous and ethnoveterinary medicines.herbs/botanical plants are considered as god's gift to human beings in the form of natural medicines, like the one well known "sanjeevani booti" described in hindu mythology. the traditional and ethno-veterinary practices have been in use for centuries, transferring the knowledge from generation to generation and they are accessible, easy to prepare and administer, with little or no cost at all. even though the modern developments in therapeutic field brought about a rapid decline in traditional ...201224175417
neem cake: chemical composition and larvicidal activity on asian tiger mosquito.new pesticides based on natural products are urgently needed, in consideration of their environmental care and lower collateral effects. neem oil, the main product obtained from azadiractha indica a. juss, commonly known as neem tree, is mainly used in medical devices, cosmetics and soaps, as well as important insecticide. manufacturing of neem oil first includes the collection of the neem seeds as raw material used for the extraction. neem cake is the waste by-product remaining after extraction ...201222422292
ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used by indigenous and tribal people in rangamati, bangladesh.there is very limited information regarding plants used by traditional healers in rangamati, bangladesh, for treating general ailments. current study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medical plants in rangamati.201223064284
botanicals to control soft rot bacteria of potato.extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (corchorus capsularis l.), cheerota (swertia chiraita ham.), chatim (alstonia scholaris l.), mander (erythrina variegata), bael (aegle marmelos l.), marigold (tagetes erecta), onion (allium cepa), garlic (allium sativum l.), neem (azadiracta indica), lime (citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (curcuma longa l.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria, e. carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) p-138, under in vitr ...201222701096
novel anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione against macrophage migration inhibitory factor: inhibition of tautomerase and proinflammatory activities of macrophage migration inhibitory factor.macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is responsible for proinflammatory reactions in various infectious and non-infectious diseases. we have investigated the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione, a limonoid purified from neem (azadirachta indica) fruits, against mif. epoxyazadiradione inhibited the tautomerase activity of mif of both human (humif) and malaria parasites (plasmodium falciparum (pfmif) and plasmodium yoelii (pymif)) non-competitively in a reversible ...201222645149
in vitro activity of neem (azadirachta indica) and cassava (manihot esculenta) on three pre-parasitic stages of susceptible and resistant strains of teladorsagia (ostertagia) circumcincta.anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes is considered as one of the main limiting factors causing significant economic losses to the small ruminant industry. the anthelmintic properties of some plants are among the suggested alternative solutions to control these parasitic worms. the present study investigated the anthelmintic activity of neem (azadirachta indica) and cassava (manihot esculenta) leaf extracts against the susceptible and resistant strains of one of the most importan ...201222455724
antimalarial plant remedies from burkina faso: their potential for prophylactic use.saye, a combination remedy prepared from cochlospermum planchonii hook.f. (cochlospermaceae), cassia alata l. (fabaceae) and phyllanthus amarus schumach. et thonn. (euphorbiaceae), n'dribala, a cochlospermum planchonii root decoction, and a fruit preparation of azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae) are plant remedies of the folk medicine in burkina faso and are commonly used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria.201222301449
the cytotoxic and antileishmanial activity of extracts and fractions of leaves and fruits of azadirachta indica (a juss.).the leishmaniases are severe parasitic diseases that occur worldwide, caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania. studies with medicinal plants can lead to a range of possibilities for treating and improving the patients' quality of life. research on azadirachta indica fractions and extracts has shown that they have excellent anti-leishmanial activity based on bioactivity-guided fractionation of ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds and in vitro activity against promastigotes. in this research ...201223096354
bioethanol production involving recombinant c. thermocellum hydrolytic hemicellulase and fermentative microbes.the enhancement of the biomass productivity of escherichia coli cells harbouring the truncated 903 bp gene designated as glycoside hydrolase family 43 (gh43) from clostridium thermocellum showing hemicellulase activity along with its further use in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) process is described. (phosphoric acid) h(3)po(4)-acetone treatment and ammonia fibre expansion (afex) were the pretreatment strategies employed on the leafy biomass of mango, poplar, neem and asoka ...201222383050
tertiary combination of freeze-dried urine of indian breeds of cow with plant products against snail lymnaea acuminata.snail lymnaea acuminata is the intermediate host of liver fluke fasciola gigantica, which cause endemic fasciolosis among cattle population of eastern uttar pradesh. control of snail population by molluscicides is one of the effective methods to control fasciolosis. in the present study molluscicidal activity of tertiary combination of freeze-dried urine of different indian breeds of cow sahiwal, geer and tharparkar with annona squamosa seed powder, ferula asafoetida root latex, azadirachta indi ...201224199478
the in vitro antiviral property of azadirachta indica polysaccharides for poliovirus.azadirachta indica a. juss, popularly known as neem, has been extensively used in ayurvedic medicine by indian population for over 2000 years. it is used traditionally for the healing of various diseases. natural products and their derivatives provide an excellent source for new anti-viral drugs.201222855945
treatment with a neem seed extract (mitestop®) of beetle larvae parasitizing the plumage of poultry.beetles of the species alphitobius diaperinus, dermestes bicolor, and dermestes lardarius may transmit severe agents of diseases on poultry and may in addition harm as larvae the skin and feathers thus leading to severe economic losses. the present study deals with a control measurement using a neem seed extract (mitestop®) being diluted with tap water. it was shown that spraying of a 1:33 dilution kills both larvae and adults of these part-time parasites as was previously shown for other parasi ...201221750872
potential use of neem leaf slurry as a sustainable dry season management strategy to control the malaria vector anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) in west african villages.larval management of the malaria vector, anopheles gambiae giles s.s., has been successful in reducing disease transmission. however, pesticides are not affordable to farmers in remote villages in mali, and in other material resource poor countries. insect resistance to insecticides and nontarget toxicity pose additional problems. neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) is a tree with many beneficial, insect bioactive compounds, such as azadirachtin. we tested the hypothesis that neem leaf slurry is a ...201223270164
an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in terai forest of western nepal.nepal himalayas have been known as a rich source for valuable medicinal plants since vedic periods. present work is the documentation of indigenous knowledge on plant utilization as natural remedy by the inhabitants of terai forest in western nepal.201222591592
repellency of the oily extract of neem seeds (azadirachta indica) against varroa destructor (acari: varroidae).a crude oil extract of neem seed (azadirachta indica, sapindales: meliaceae) was evaluated for repellency on varroa destructor anderson and trueman. burgerjon's tower was used to spray worker bee pupae with 0.0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.3, 2.6, 5.3, 10.6 and 21.1% neem extract concentrations. sprayed pupae were attached to observation arenas and incubated at 32 ± 2°c and 70 ± 10% rh. the ability of v. destructor to locate and feed on treated and untreated pupae was monitored from 30 min to 72 h after spray. ...201222270115
biotransformation of oral contraceptive ethynodiol diacetate with microbial and plant cell cultures. 201223021311
azadirachtin production by hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica in a modified stirred tank reactor.present investigation involves hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica in a modified stirred tank reactor under optimized culture conditions for maximum volumetric productivity of azadirachtin. the selected hairy root line (az-35) was induced via agrobacterium rhizogenes lba 920-mediated transformation of a. indica leaf explants (coimbatore variety, india). liquid culture of the hairy roots was developed in a modified murashige and skoog medium (mm2). to further enhance the productivity of ...201222580745
a novel cost-effective medium for the production of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis for mosquito control.bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) has been used for mosquito-control programmes the world-wide. indeed, the large-scale production of bti for mosquito control is very expensive due to the high cost of its culture. in the present study, we attempted to widen the scope in developing cost-effective culture medium for bti production, based on the raw materials available on the biosphere, including coconut cake powder, ccp (cocos nucifera), neem cake powder, ncp (azadirachta indica) and ...201222543607
phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates.the in vitro antibacterial activity of various solvents and water extracts of aloe vera, neem, bryophyllum, lemongrass, tulsi, oregano, rosemary and thyme was assessed on 10 multi-drug resistant clinical isolates from both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and two standard strains including staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 and escherichia coli atcc 25922. the zone of inhibition as determined by agar well diffusion method varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and ...201223716873
comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of four chewing sticks commonly used in south india: an in vitro study.the use of chewing sticks has been well documented since ancient times in india. chewing sticks are a good alternative to the toothbrush for maintaining oral hygiene. the present study was designed and conducted to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the aqueous extracts of neem, miswak, mango, and banyan chewing sticks against two bacterial species considered the most important in the initiation and progression of dental caries, namely streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidop ...201223649081
effect of neem leaf extract (azadirachta indica) on c-myc oncogene expression in 4t1 breast cancer cells of balb/c mice.breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women both worldwide and in malaysia. azadirachta indica (a. juss), commonly known as neem, is one of the most versatile medicinal plants that has gained worldwide prominence due to its medicinal properties. however, the anticancer effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract against breast cancer has not been documented. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of neem leaf extract on c-myc oncogene expression in 4 ...201223626938
the efficacy of neem extract on four microorganisms responsible for causing dental caries viz streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus mitis and streptococcus sanguis: an in vitro study.history and objectives: from the ancient time, neem used to be the traditional medicine for many diseases and was mainly used for cleaning the oral cavity. the incidence of dental caries was less a few decades ago but now the incidence of caries is very aggressive. this might be due to change in dietary habits, life style and more tendency toward processed food. the objective of this study is to find out the truth that if the neem is really efficacious against caries-inducing microorganisms, mai ...201223404001
biological activities and medicinal properties of gokhru (pedalium murex l.).bada gokhru (pedalium murex l.) is perhaps the most useful traditional medicinal plant in india. each part of the neem tree has some medicinal property and is thus commercially exploitable. during the last five decades, apart from the chemistry of the pedalium murex compounds, considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal applications of this plant. it is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against ...201223569975
toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of azadirachta indica stem bark in male wistar rats.to investigate the toxic implications of ethanolic stem bark extract of azadirachta indica (a. indica) at 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight in wistar rats.201223569852
urushiol-induced contact dermatitis caused during shodhana (purificatory measures) of bhallataka (semecarpus anacardium linn.) fruit.bhallataka (semecarpus anacardium linn.; ancardiaceae) is mentioned under upavisha group in ayurvedic classics and it is described as a poisonous medicinal plant in drugs and cosmetics act (india), 1940. fruit of bhallataka is used either as a single drug or as an ingredient in many compound formulations of indian systems of medicine to cure many diseases. tarry oil present in the pericarp of the fruit causes blisters on contact. the major constituent of the tarry oil is anacardic acid and bhila ...201223559802
Ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia, and in vivo evaluation of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei.The study documented medicinal plants that are traditionally used for treatment of malaria in Shinile District, eastern Ethiopia, and evaluated selected medicinal plants for their antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei.201222101085
biting and bloodsucking lice of dogs-treatment by means of a neem seed extract (mitestop®, wash away dog).dogs infested with lice belonging either to the group of mallophaga (hairlings, i.e., trichodectes canis) or anoplura (bloodsucking lice, e.g., linognathus setosus) were washed with the neem seed preparations mitestop® or wash away dog. it was found that a single treatment with one of these products killed both motile stages and those developing inside eggs (nits) being glued at the hair. in both cases the product had been left for 20 min onto the hair before it was washed away just with normal ...201121881947
a novel herbal formulation against dengue vector mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.the objective of this study was to develop a herbal formulation to control dengue vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel herbal formulation prepared using the oils of neem (azadirachta indica), karanj (pongamia glabra) and their extracts, was tested for larvicidal, ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus at 1, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 ppm concentrations. cent percent larvicidal and ovicidal activities were observed at 0.1 ppm in the two mosquito species unde ...201122042505
ecology and management of the woolly whitefly (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), a new invasive citrus pest in ethiopia.distribution and importance of woolly whitefly (aleurothrixus floccosus) (maskell) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), was studied in ethiopia with an evaluation of treatments against it. results showed that the pest is distributed in most citrus-growing parts of the country equally infesting all types of citrus crops. only one pupal parasitoid, amitus sp., was recorded at melkaoba. during 2006-2007, eight treatments gave better control of woolly whitefly compared with the control: endod (phytolacca dodec ...201121882700
computer aided screening and evaluation of herbal therapeutics against mrsa infections.methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), a pathogenic bacterium that causes life threatening outbreaks such as community-onset and nosocomial infections has emerged as 'superbug'. the organism developed resistance to all classes of antibiotics including the best known vancomycin (vrsa). hence, there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents. this study mainly evaluates the potential use of botanicals against mrsa infections. computer aided design is an initial platform to screen nov ...201122125390
Effects of combined leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica on hepatic morphology and hepatotoxicity markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.In this work, we studied liver morphology, markers of hepatic oxidative stress and some liver enzymes in diabetic rats treated with the combined leaf extract (CLE) of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (neem).201122152778
Inhibitory action of neem aqueous extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the vitellogenesis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks.The present study revealed unheard of data about the action of aqueous extracts of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) on the vitellogenesis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, proving that these extracts in 10 and 20% concentrations do not have the potential to kill the females; however, in lower concentrations (10%) provokes great morphological alterations in germinative cells such as the emergence of extended cytoplasmic vacuolization areas as well as the fragmentation of the germinal vesicle, ev ...201121936022
Screening of allelopathic trees for their antifungal potential against Alternaria alternata strains isolated from dying-back Eucalyptus spp.Antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of leaves of three tree species, namely Azadirachta indica L., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. and Melia azedarach L. was evaluated against two strains of Alternaria alternata, isolated from dying-back trees of two Eucalyptus spp., namely Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus globulus. All the concentrations (1,?2,?…?,?5% w/v) of the methanolic extracts of the three tree species significantly reduced the fungal biomass. There were reductions in the ranges 8 ...201122007991
Documentation and determination of consensus about phytotherapeutic veterinary practices among the Tharu tribal community of Uttar Pradesh, India.PURPOSE: The aim of the present investigation was to document the phytotherapeutic knowledge and veterinary healthcare management practices among the Tharu tribal community of Uttar Pradesh, India and to determine the consensus of such practices, in order to evaluate the potential for new veterinary drugs of herbal origin. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2000-2004 using semistructured, open-ended questionnaires, informal interviews and group discussions with farmers engaged in animal husban ...201121927989
endophytic fungal flora from roots and fruits of an indian neem plant azadirachta indica a. juss., and impact of culture media on their isolation.azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem), native to india, is well known worldwide for its insecticidal and ethanopharmacological properties. although endophytic microbes are known from this plant as only leaves and stems were the subjects of past reports. now, a variety of procedures and a number of different media were used to isolate the maximum number of endophytic fungi from unripe fruits and roots. a total of 272 isolates of 29 filamentous fungal taxa were isolated at rate of 68.0% from 400 samp ...201123024409
diversity of plant oil seed-associated fungi isolated from seven oil-bearing seeds and their potential for the production of lipolytic enzymes.commercial oil-yielding seeds (castor, coconut, neem, peanut, pongamia, rubber and sesame) were collected from different places in the state of tamil nadu (india) from which 1279 endophytic fungi were isolated. the oil-bearing seeds exhibited rich fungal diversity. high shannon-index h' was observed with pongamia seeds (2.847) while a low index occurred for coconut kernel-associated mycoflora (1.018). maximum colonization frequency (%) was observed for lasiodiplodia theobromae (176). dominance i ...201122806781
in vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity of a herbal extract.the anti-tick efficacy of combined aqueous herbal extracts of azadirachta indica leaves, nicotiana tabacum leaves, calotropis procera flowers and trachyspermum ammi seeds was evaluated using adult immersion test, larval packet test and ear bag method. the extract exhibited lethal effects on egg laying (index of egg laying=0.371404±0.00435), hatching (22.35%) and total larval mortality at 50 mg ml(-1) and reduced tick intensity on the infested calves (18 detached out of 35 at 45% (w/w) suspension ...201122305296
acaricidal activity of cymbopogon citratus and azadirachta indica against house dust mites.to examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of cymbopogon citratus leaf extract (lemongrass) and ethanolic azadirachta indica leaf extract (neem) against house dust mites dermatophagoides farinae (d. farinae) and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d. pteronyssinus).201123569794
removal of cadmium(ii) from wastewater using activated carbon prepared from agro industrial by-products.removal of cadmium from wastewater using activated carbons prepared from cocos nucifera (coconut) and azadirachta indica (neem) oilcakes-an agricultural solid by-product was investigated. batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of ph, agitation time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dose on the cadmium sorption in coconut oil cake activated carbon (cocac) and neem oil cake activated carbon (nocac). the experiments demonstrated that the adsorption process corresponds ...201123505814
extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf induces apoptosis in 4t1 breast cancer balb/c mice.azadirachta indica (neem) has been used traditionally for many centuries. some impressive therapeutic qualities have been discovered. however, the therapeutic effect of neem leaf extract in 4t1 breast cancer has not been documented. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract in an in vivo 4t1 breast cancer model in mice.201123507990
inhibitory effects of essential oils of medicinal plants from growth of plant pathogenic fungi.plant cells produce a vast amount of secondary metabolites. production of some compounds is restricted to a single species. some compounds are nearly always found only in certain specific plant organs and during a specific developmental period of the plant. some secondary metabolites of plants serve as defensive compounds against invading microorganisms. nowadays, it is attempted to substitute the biological and natural agents with chemically synthesized fungicides. in the present research, the ...201122702190
neem leaf glycoprotein inhibits cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) tregs to restrict murine tumor growth.background: the presence of tregs in tumors is associated with compromised tumor-specific immune responses and has a clear negative impact on survival of cancer patients. thus, downregulation of tregs is considered as a promising cancer immunotherapeutic approach. we have reported previously that neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp) prophylaxis restricts tumor growth in mice by immune activation. in continuation, here, involvement of nlgp in the modulation of tregs in association with tumor growth rest ...201121843083
antioxidant activity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in some medicinal plants of india.in this study, total phenolics, flavonoids and vitamin c content vis-a-vis antioxidant activities were assayed in leaves and stem bark of azadirachta indica, butea monosperma, cassia fistula, mangifera indica, syzygium cumini and tamarindus indica using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) and superoxide radical scavenging method. the dpph radical scavenging activity positively correlated with the total phenolic content in both stem bark and leaf. superoxide radical scavenging activity incre ...201121726132
impact of applying edible oils to silk channels on ear pests of sweet corn.the impact of applying edible oils to corn silks on ear-feeding insects in sweet corn, zea mays l., production was evaluated in 2006 and 2007. six edible oils used in this experiment were canola, corn, olive, peanut, sesame, and soybean. water and two commercial insecticidal oils (neemix neem oil and nc21 sunspray ultrafine, a horticultural mineral oil) were used as the controls for the experiment. six parameters evaluated in this experiment were corn earworm [helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidopte ...201121735916
documentation and quantitative analysis of the local knowledge on medicinal plants among traditional siddha healers in virudhunagar district of tamil nadu, india.india has a population with high degree of medical pluralism. siddha system of indian traditional medicine is practiced dominantly by the people in tamil nadu. the traditionally trained siddha healers still play an important role in the rural health care. their knowledge is comparatively more vulnerable than the documented traditional knowledge. thus, the present study was aimed to document and quantitatively analyze the local knowledge of the traditional siddha healers in virudhunagar district ...201121718779
impact of curcumin, raspberry extract, and neem leaf extract on rel protein-regulated cell death/radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer cells.objectives:: nuclear factor +¦b (nf-+¦b) plays an intrinsic role in promoting growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (pc) and serves as a mechanism underlying therapeutic resistance. accordingly, we investigated the efficacy of bioactive phytochemicals in inhibiting radiotherapy (rt)-induced nf-+¦b activity, signaling, and nf-+¦b-dependent regulation of cell death. methods:: panc-1, bxpc-3, and mia paca-2 cells exposed to 10 gy (single high dose [sdr]) or 2 gy/d for 5 days (fr ...201121697760
pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical evaluation of extracts from different plant parts of indigenous origin for their hypoglycemic responses in rabbits.this study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of different plant extracts in single and in combined formulation, in experimentally induced "diabetic rabbits". the extracts were obtained from seeds of syzygium jambolana, fruits of momordica charantia and leaves of azadirachta indica. treatment of diabetes with plant extracts was started at 8 days after alloxan injection. rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisting of six rabbits. each group of rabbits was ...201122125958
Azadirachta indica exhibits chemopreventive action against hepatic cancer: Studies on associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes.The present study was designed to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of Azadirachta indica against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Further, the associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes were also analyzed. Hepatic cancer model was developed by the intraperitoneal administration of NDEA to mice at weekly intervals, in successive increasing doses, for a period of 8 weeks. Aqueous A. indica leaf extract (AAILE) was administered orally at a dosage of 10 ...201121998015
aqueous extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf induces generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in rat oocytes.present study was aimed to determine whether aqueous neem leaf extract (nle) induces generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway in rat oocytes.201122089262
Spinosad and neem seed kernel extract as bio-controlling agents for malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi and non-biting midge, Chironomus circumdatus.Midge egg masses are reported to support non-pathogenic strains of the cholera pathogen, Vibrio cholera (V. cholera). Mosquito born diseases have been reported to cause millions of death worldwide. The present research reveals the toxicity effect of spinosad and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) against different larval stages of Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) and Chironomus circumdatus (Ch. circumdatus).201121914538
in vitro azadirachtin production by hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica in nutrient mist bioreactor.azadirachtin, a well-known biopesticide is a secondary metabolite conventionally extracted from the seeds of azadirachta indica. the present study involved in vitro azadirachtin production by developing hairy roots of a. indica via agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of a. indica explants. liquid culture of hairy roots was established in shake flask to study the kinetics of growth and azadirachtin production. a biomass production of 13.3 g/l dry weight (specific growth rate of 0.7 d ...201122083394
ultrastructural analysis of the oocytes of female rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) ticks subjected to the action of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem).the present study provides ultrastructural information about the acaricidal effects of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) on the ovaries of r. sanguineus engorged females. in general, the main damage caused in the oocytes was alteration in the shape of the cell and of the germinal vesicle, ring-shaped nucleolus, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and disorganization of the organelles and of the cell membranes (including the chorion), all of which indicate that these cells could be in the process of death. ...201121981820
in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic activity of azadirachtin against argulus spp. in carassius auratus (linn. 1758).argulus is one of the most common and predominant ectoparasites which cause serious parasitic disease and is a potent carrier of viruses and bacteria in the ornamental fish industry. in recent years, organic (herbs)-based medicines are widely used to cure the disease, and neem (sarbaroganibarini) medicine is very popular and effective throughout the world. the present study was conducted to find the effects of azadirachtin against argulus spp. on carassius auratus under in vitro and in vivo cond ...201122042504
ameliorative effects of ethanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica on renal histologic alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.we studied the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica (aie) on the microanatomy of the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. thirty male wistar rats (161-190 g) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups of six animals each: control, diabetic, diabetic + aie, diabetic + metformin, aie only. diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg body weight). aie and metformin were administered orally for 50 days (50 d) at 500 mg/ ...201121905281
attenuation of nonenzymatic glycation, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by chloroform leaf extract of azadirachta indica.the hypoglycemic effects of hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves of azadirachta indica (ai) were evaluated by oral administration in streptozotocin-induced severe diabetic rats (sd).201121969798
anticoccidial activity of herbal complex in broiler chickens challenged with eimeria tenella.summarythe objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of different concentrations of the herbal complex of 4 plants (leaves of azadirachta indica and nicotiana tabacum, flowers of calotropis procera and seeds of trachyspermum ammi) in broiler chickens in comparison with amprolium anticoccidial. three concentrations (2 g, 4 g and 6 g) of herbal complex were given to the experimental groups once a day and amprolium (at the dose rate of 125 ppm) was given orally in drin ...201122018334
neem leaf glycoprotein suppresses regulatory t cell mediated suppression of monocyte/macrophage functions.we have shown that neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp) inhibits the regulatory t cell (tregs) induced suppression of tumoricidal functions of cd14(+)cd68(+) monocyte/macrophages (mo/mφ) from human peripheral blood. cytotoxic efficacy of mo/mφ toward macrophage sensitive cells, u937, is decreased in presence of tregs (induced), however, it was increased further by supplementation of nlgp in culture. associated treg mediated inhibition of perforin/granzyme b expression and nitric oxide release from mo/m ...201122210373
chemopreventive activity of azadirachta indica on two-stage skin carcinogenesis in murine model.the present study reports the chemopreventive activity of aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) in a murine two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. skin tumors were induced by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) (500 nmol/100 µl for 2 weeks) followed by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) (1.7 nmol/100 µl of acetone, twice weekly) as a promoter. male laca mice were divided into four groups: control, dmba/tpa, aaile and aaile + dmba/tpa. aaile was administer ...201120734334
ethno-veterinary uses and informants consensus factor of medicinal plants of sariska region, rajasthan, india.the study was conducted in sariska region of rajasthan, india to identify the important species used for ethno-veterinary medicine; finding out methods for various ethno-veterinary medicine preparations, and calculate the informant consensus factor (icf) in relation to medicinal plant use.201120817085
biochemical changes in plant leaves as a biomarker of pollution due to anthropogenic activity.the air pollution due to anthropogenic activities seriously affected human life, vegetation, and heritage as well. the vegetation cover in and around the city mitigates the air pollution by acting as a sink for pollution. an attempt was made to evaluate biochemical changes occurred in four selected plant species, namely azadirachta indica, mangifera indica, delonix regia, and cassia fistula of residential, commercial, and industrial areas of nagpur city in india. it was observed that the correla ...201120721619
traditional herbal antimalarial therapy in kilifi district, kenya.to identify plant species used by the traditional health practitioners (thps) in treatment of malaria, carry out cytotoxicity and efficacy evaluation of the identified plants and to evaluate combination effects.201121211554
the melanogenesis-inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive effects of limonoids in n-hexane extract of azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem) seeds.seventeen limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids 1-17) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of azadirachta indica (neem) seeds. the previously unidentified compound 16 was established by spectroscopy to be 17-defurano-17-oxosalannin. the effects of six compounds, 6 and 11-15, on melanogenesis in b16 melanoma cells was evaluated; 2 compounds, salannin (13) and 3-deacetylsalannin (15), exhibited marked inhibitory effects (70-74% reduction of melanin content at 25 µg/ml) with only minor cytotoxicity ( ...201121263200
neem leaf extract induces radiosensitization in human neuroblastoma xenograft through modulation of apoptotic pathway.induction of apoptosis is directly correlated with the biological effectiveness of ionizing radiation (ir). accordingly, we investigated the efficacy of neem leaf extract (nle) on ir-associated apoptotic transcriptional modulation and cell death in neuroblastoma (nb).201121273594
anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative effects of a methanolic neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract are mediated via modulation of the nuclear factor-κb pathway.azadirachta indica (neem tree) is used in traditional indian medicine for its pharmacological properties including cancer prevention and treatment. here, we studied a neem extract's anti-inflammatory potential via the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) signaling pathway, linked to cancer, inflammation, and apoptosis. cultured human leukemia cells were treated with a methanolic neem leaf extract with or without tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α stimulation. inhibition of nf-κb activity was demonstrated by luc ...201121484152
ovicidal effects of a neem seed extract preparation on eggs of body and head lice.the eggs (nits) of head and body lice (pediculus humanus capitis, pediculus humanus corporis) were incubated for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 45 min into a neem seed extract contained in a fine shampoo formulation (e.g. wash away® louse), which is known for its significant killing effects of larvae and adults of head lice. the aim of the study was to test whether the developmental stages inside the eggs are also killed after the incubation into the shampoo. it was found that an incubation time of only 5 ...201121484346
trypanocidal potentials of azadirachta indica seeds against trypanosoma evansi.the trypanocidal potentials of azadirachta indica seeds methanolic extract (nsme) against trypanosoma evansi was examined. in vitro studies with the nsme 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml immobilized the parasites within 3min, 8min and 14min respectively. in vivo experiments in infected rats at various dosage with nsme expressed transient ability of clearing the parasites in the infected blood. thin layer chromatographic (tlc) separations of the nsme gave 4 fractions in toluene and ethyl acetate [1: ...201121524857
in vitro acaricidal activity of neem (azadirachta indica) seed extracts with known azadirachtin concentrations against rhipicephalus microplus.the effect of four extracts from neem seeds (azadirachta indica) containing 2000, 5000, 9000 and 10,000ppm of azadirachtin a (aza), quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and diluted to 1.25%; 2.5%; 5.0%; 10.0% and 12.8% was verified by in vitro tests with engorged females and larvae of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. the results from the bioassays with the engorged females showed that the main toxic effect of the extracts was reduction of the reproductive parameter ...201121536387
azadirachta indica exerts chemopreventive action against murine skin cancer: studies on histopathological, ultrastructural changes and modulation of nf-kappab, ap-1, and stat1.the present study reports the histopathological, ultrastructural changes and modulation of nf-kappab, ap-1, and stat 1 during skin carcinogenesis in laca mice and its intervention with azadirachta indica. skin tumors were induced by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) (500 nmol/100 microl for 2 weeks) followed by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) (1.7 nmol/100 microl of acetone, twice weekly) as a promoter. male laca mice were divided into four groups: control, ...201121542454
novel molecular targets of azadirachta indica associated with inhibition of tumor growth in prostate cancer.advanced prostate cancer has significant long-term morbidity, and there is a growing interest in alternative and complimentary forms of therapy that will improve the outcomes of patients. azadirachta indica (common name: neem) contains multiple active compounds that have potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. the present study investigates the novel targets of the anticancer activity of ethanol extract of neem leaves (eenl) in vitro and evaluates the in vivo efficacy in the prostate ...201121560017
formulation and comparative evaluation of poly herbal anti-acne face wash gels.context: rauvolfia serpentina (l). benth. ex kurz. (apocynaceae) possessing antibacterial properties are widely used in modern herbal medicines. curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae), a readily available antiseptic, possess antioxidant, antibacterial, blood purifying and antiinflammatory properties and used in various skin creams. azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae) possess astringent, antiviral, discutient, stimulant and antibacterial properties and works excellently well against acne and keeps ...201121609304
effect of ficus sycomorus and azadirachta indica extracts on liver state of mice infected with schistosoma mansoni.the potential role of hepatoprotective and antipathological effect of ficus sycomorus and azadirachta indica extracts was evaluated for scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ros) and reduced the oxidative damage and pathological changes in the liver of s. mansoni infected mice. the levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt), asparate aminotransferase (ast) and gamma glutamyl transferase (ggt) were evaluated in the infected mice and treated orally with each plant extract 12 weeks post infection ( ...201121634244
bio-control and plant growth promotion potential of siderophore producing endophytic streptomyces from azadirachta indica a. juss.three endophytic actinomycetes strains recovered from surface sterilized root tissues of azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae), plants were selected through tests for their potential as bio-control and plant growth promoting agents. it was also observed that the seed treated with the spore suspension of three selected strains of streptomyces, significantly promoted plant growth and antagonized the growth of alternaria alternata, causal agent of early blight disease in tomato plant. it was obse ...201121656792
efficacy of a single treatment of head lice with a neem seed extract: an in vivo and in vitro study on nits and motile stages.an anti-louse shampoo (licener-«) based on a neem seed extract was tested in vivo and in vitro on its efficacy to eliminate head louse infestation by a single treatment. the hair of 12 children being selected from a larger group due to their intense infestation with head lice were incubated for 10-ámin with the neem seed extract-containing shampoo. it was found that after this short exposition period, none of the lice had survived, when being observed for 22-áh. in all cases, more than 50-70 dea ...201121667206
bioconversion of agricultural waste to ethanol by ssf using recombinant cellulase from clostridium thermocellum.the effect of different pretreatment methods, temperature, and enzyme concentration on ethanol production from 8 lignocellulosic agrowaste by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) using recombinant cellulase and saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. recombinant cellulase was isolated from e. coli bl21 cells transformed with ctlic26a-cel5-cbm11 full-length gene from clostridium thermocellum and produced in both batch and fed-batch processes. the maximum cell od and specific activi ...201121811671
the effects of combination of methanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica and diminazene diaceturate in the treatment of experimental trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats.to investigate the effects of combination therapy of methanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica (a. indica) and diminazene diaceturate (dda) in the treatment of experimental trypanosoma brucei brucei (t. brucei brucei) infection in rats.201121771672
effects of a neem seed extract (mitestop®) on mallophages (featherlings) of chicken: in vivo and in vitro studies.mallophages of birds (featherlings) are mostly very tiny and can even as adults better be recognized by their movements than by their elongate body shape when using just the naked eye. since some species (e.g., the "shaft louse" menopon gallinae, the elongate feather louse lipeurus caponis, or columbicola sp.) may pierce the pulp of feathers or the skin by their biting or scratching mandibles and thus lick the excreted blood, they may be extremely dangerous especially to young birds, even if the ...201121744016
anticancer biology of azadirachta indica l (neem): a mini review.neem (azadirachta indica), a member of the meliaceae family, is a fast growing tropical evergreen tree with highly branched and stout solid stem. because of its tremendous therapeutic, domestic, agricultural and ethnomedicinal significance, and proximity with human culture and civilization neem has been called as "the wonder tree" and "nature's drug store". all parts of this tree, particularly leaves, bark, seed-oil and their purified products are widely used for treatment of cancer. over sixty ...201121743298
ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants commonly used by kani tribals in tirunelveli hills of western ghats, india.for thousands of years, medicinal plants have played an important role throughout the world in treating and preventing a variety of diseases. kani tribal people in tirunelveli hills still depend on medicinal plants and most of them have a general knowledge of medicinal plants which are used for first aid remedies, to treat cough, cold, fever, headache, poisonous bites and some simple ailments.201121291981
evaluation of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil in the in vitro ames salmonella/microsome assay and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test.the possible mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of neem oil (no) and its dmso extract (nde) were, examined in the ames salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay.201121315815
cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of limonoids from the seeds of azadirachta indica (neem).thirty-five limonoids, including 15 of the azadiradione type (1-15), five of the gedunin type (16-20), four of the azadirachtin type (21-24), nine of the nimbin type (25-33), and two degraded limonoids (34, 35), isolated from azadirachta indica seed extracts, were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines. seven compounds (3, 6, 7, 16, 18, 28, and 29) exhibited cytotoxic activity against one or more cell lines. among these compounds, 7-deacetyl-7-benzoylepoxya ...201121381696
comparative effect of integrated pest management and farmers' standard pest control practice for managing insect pests on cabbage (brassica spp.).studies were conducted on experimental cabbage plantings in 2009 and on experimental and commercial plantings in 2010, comparing farmers' current chemical standard pesticide practices with an integrated pest management (ipm) program based on the use of neem (aza-direct) and dipel (bacillus thuringiensis). in experimental plantings, the ipm program used six or eight applications of neem and dipel on a rotational basis. the standard-practice treatments consisted of six or eight applications of car ...201121413143
inhibition of virulence potential of vibrio cholerae by natural compounds.the rise in multi-drug resistant vibrio cholerae strains is a big problem in treatment of patients suffering from severe cholera. only a few studies have evaluated the potential of natural compounds against v. cholerae. extracts from plants like 'neem', 'guazuma', 'daio', apple, hop, green tea and elephant garlic have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth or the secreted cholera toxin (ct). however, inhibiting bacterial growth like common antimicrobial agents may also impose selective pressure ...201121415500
medical pluralism on mfangano island: use of medicinal plants among persons living with hiv/aids in suba district, kenya.given the increasing coverage of antiretroviral therapy (art) for hiv/aids treatment as well as the high utilization of herbal medicine, many persons living with hiv/aids in sub-saharan africa are thought to practice medical pluralism, or the adoption of more than one medical system for their care and treatment. using a cross-sectional study we sought to document and identify the herbal medicines used by persons living with hiv/aids on mfangano island, suba district, nyanza province, kenya.201121458556
an integrated approach for the reduction of aflatoxin contamination in chilli (capsicum annuum l.).an integrated approach for management of aflatoxin contamination in chilli was undertaken by evaluating the fungicides, bioagents and plant extracts against aspergillus flavus under both in vitro and field condition. maximum inhibition of radial growth (91.1%) was observed with 0.3% mancozeb followed by captan (85.2%). carbendazim (73%) was effective and superior over other systemic fungicides. a complete inhibition (100%) of a. flavus was observed in neem seed kernel extract (nske), nimbicidin ...201124425902
antifungal activity of different neem leaf extracts and the nimonol against some important human pathogens.this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts from neem leaves on growth of some human pathogens (aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, candida albicans and microsporum gypseum) in vitro. different concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) prepared from these extracts inhibited the growth of the test pathogens and the effect gradually increased with concentration. the 20% ethyl acetate extract gave the stron ...201124031718
a comparative study of vamana and virechana karma in the management of sthula pramehi w.s.r. to type-2 diabetes.in the present study, vamana and virechana along with palliative treatment was given to patients of sthula prameha (diabetes mellitus or dm). an attempt was made to compare and evaluate the role of shodhana therapy (vamana and virechana). total 47 patients of sthula pramehi were registered in this study, out of which 38 completed the treatment. the patients were divided into two groups, viz. vamana with shamana (group a) and virechana with shamana (group b). eighteen patients completed the treat ...201122661850
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