Publications

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smart metal-organic framework coatings: triggered antibiofilm compound release.metal-organic frameworks (mofs) have a large potential for delivery of active molecules. here, a mof coating is investigated as a smart host matrix for triggered release of antibiofilm compounds. in addition to a coating consisting of the regular fe-terephthalate mil-88b(fe), a new hydrophobic mil-88b(fe) coating is synthesized in hydrothermal conditions using palmitic acid as a lattice terminating group. these porous materials are used as a host matrix for the antibiofilm compound 5-(4-chloroph ...201728081368
molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of salmonella serovars isolated in the apulia region of italy.during the period january 2013-december 2015, 175 cases of human salmonellosis were reported in the apulia region of italy. the aim of this study was to characterize salmonella strains from the standpoints of serovars prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and clonal origin. the serological typing was performed by agglutination against antisera followed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr). the obtained results were analyzed following the kauffmann-white scheme. susceptibility to antim ...201728078872
isolation and characterization of antimutagenic components of glycyrrhiza aspera against n-methyl-n-nitrosourea.a powdered ethanolic extract of glycyrrhiza aspera root exhibits antimutagenic activity against n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (mnu) based on the ames assay with salmonella typhimurium ta1535. the aim of this study was to identify the antimutagenic components of the powdered ethanolic extract of g. aspera root.201728074112
enhancement of gastric ulcer healing and angiogenesis by hepatocyte growth factor gene mediated by attenuated salmonella in rats.the present study developed an oral hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) gene therapy strategy for gastric ulcers treatment. an attenuated salmonella typhimurium that stably expressed high hgf (named as tph) was constructed, and the antiulcerogenic effect of tph was evaluated in a rat model of gastric ulcers that created by acetic acid subserosal injection. from day 5 after injection, tph (1 × 10⁹ cfu), vehicle (tp, 1 × 10⁹ cfu), or sodium bicarbonate (model control) was administered orally every alte ...201728049228
tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r regresses an osteosarcoma in a patient-derived xenograft model resistant to a molecular-targeting drug.osteosarcoma occurs mostly in children and young adults, who are treated with multiple agents in combination with limb-salvage surgery. however, the overall 5-year survival rate for patients with recurrent or metastatic osteosarcoma is 20-30% which has not improved significantly over 30 years. refractory patients would benefit from precise individualized therapy. we report here that a patient-derived osteosarcoma growing in a subcutaneous nude-mouse model was regressed by tumor-targeting salmone ...201728030831
assessment of antimicrobial effects of food contact materials containing silver on growth of salmonella typhimurium.food contact materials containing antibacterial properties are progressively appearing in the market. items intended to provide antimicrobial effects such as increased shelf life and food safety are incorporating silver materials during the manufacture of such products. this study examined the total silver content, release capacity, and antibacterial activity of three different silver-containing food contact materials: plastic food storage containers, a plastic cutting board, and food wrapping p ...201728007453
heat survival and phenotype microarray profiling of salmonella typhimurium mutants.contamination of food products by pathogenic microorganisms continues to be a major public health and food industry concern. non-typhoidal salmonella species have led to numerous outbreaks associated with various foods. a wide variety of methods have been applied and introduced for treatment of fresh foods to eliminate pathogenic as well as spoilage microorganisms. salmonella can become exposed to elevated temperatures while associated with hosts such as poultry. in addition, heat treatment is a ...201727999939
molecular detection assay of five salmonella serotypes of public interest: typhimurium, enteritidis, newport, heidelberg, and hadar.foodborne illnesses due to salmonella represent an important public-health concern worldwide. in the united states, a majority of salmonella infections are associated with a small number of serotypes. furthermore, some serotypes that are overrepresented among human disease are also associated with multi-drug resistance phenotypes. rapid detection of serotypes of public-health concern might help reduce the burden of salmonellosis cases and limit exposure to multi-drug resistant salmonella. we dev ...201727993596
a genome-scale modeling approach to quantify biofilm component growth of salmonella typhimurium.salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is an extremely dangerous foodborne bacterium that infects both animal and human subjects, causing fatal diseases around the world. salmonella's robust virulence, antibiotic-resistant nature, and capacity to survive under harsh conditions are largely due to its ability to form resilient biofilms. multiple genome-scale metabolic models have been developed to study the complex and diverse nature of this organism's metabolism; however, none of these models fu ...201727992644
delamanid is not metabolized by salmonella or human nitroreductases: a possible mechanism for the lack of mutagenicity.nitro-containing compounds such as nitrofuran and nitroimidazole are drugs used for the treatment of infectious diseases. however, many of these nitro-containing drugs are positive in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (ames test). the recently approved anti-multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) drug, delamanid (deltyba™; opc-67683), a derivative of 4-nitroimidazole, was negative for mutagenicity in the ames assay. in salmonella typhimurium, mutagenicity of nitro compounds has been closely ...201727988333
salmonella typhimurium ptsj is a novel mocr-like transcriptional repressor involved in regulating the vitamin b6 salvage pathway.the vitamin b6 salvage pathway, involving pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase (pnpox) and pyridoxal kinase (plk), recycles b6 vitamers from nutrients and protein turnover to produce pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp), the catalytically active form of the vitamin. regulation of this pathway, widespread in living organisms including humans and many bacteria, is very important to vitamin b6 homeostasis but poorly understood. although some information is available on the enzymatic regulation of pnpox and plk, ...201727987384
optimisation of intestinal fibrosis and survival in the mouse s. typhimurium model for anti-fibrotic drug discovery and preclinical applications.intestinal fibrosis is a frequent complication in crohn's disease [cd]. the mouse salmonella typhimurium model, due to its simplicity, reproducibility, manipulability, and penetrance, is an established fibrosis model for drug discovery and preclinical trials. however, the severity of fibrosis and mortality are host- and bacterial strain-dependent, thus limiting the original model. we re-evaluated the s. typhimurium model to optimise fibrosis and survival, using commercially available mouse strai ...201727986839
prevalence, molecular and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolated from sausages in meknes, morocco.salmonella is among the most important food borne pathogens worldwide contaminating a wide range of animal products including meat products. the aims of this study go through two steps: the first step is to estimate the proportion of sausages products contaminated with salmonella in meknes city (morocco), which were collected from various shopping sites: butchery, street vendors, supermarket and souk (weekly market combines the population of the small villages around meknes city). the second one ...201728258000
differences in carbon source utilization of salmonella oranienburg and saintpaul isolated from river water.long-term exposure to river water by non-indigenous micro-organisms such as salmonella may affect metabolic adaptation to carbon sources. this study was conducted to determine differences in carbon source utilization of salmonella oranienburg and salmonella saintpaul (isolated from tropical river water) as well as the control strain salmonella typhimurium exposed to laboratory, river water, and host cells (hep-2 cell line) growth conditions. results showed that salmonella oranienburg and salmone ...201728565917
prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases ctx-m-8 and ctx-m-2-producing salmonella serotypes from clinical and nonhuman isolates in brazil.we characterized extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbl) enzymes among salmonella strains isolated in brazil from 2009 to 2014. salmonella recovered from both clinical and nonhuman (food, poultry, and environment) sources were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. β-lactamases genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction/sequencing; plasmid profiles and transferability were assessed by s1-pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). genetic diversity was evaluated by xbai-pfge. out of ...201727828759
qcm-based aptamer selection and detection of salmonella typhimurium.in this study, quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) was used to select aptamers against salmonella typhimurium. to increase the success rate of systematic evolution of ligands exponential enrichment (selex), the affinity of dna pool in each round was simultaneously tracked using qcm in order to avoid the loss of high-quality aptamers. when the frequency change reached a maximum value after several rounds of selection and counter-selection, the candidate pool was cloned and sequenced. out of three a ...201727979272
tapping into salmonella typhimurium lt2 genome in a quest to explore its therapeutic arsenal: a metabolic network modeling approach.s. typhimurium, the classical broad-host-range serovar is a widely distributed cause of food-borne illness. escalating antibiotic resistance and potential of conjugal transmission to other pathogens attributable to its broad spectrum host specificities have aided s. typhimurium to emerge as a global health threat. to keep pace with ever evolving bacterial defenses, there is dire need to restock the antibiotic pipeline. genome scale metabolic reconstructions present immense possibilities to decip ...201727939520
a novel group of incq1 plasmids conferring multidrug resistance.the incq is a group of non-conjugative but mobilisable plasmids that are found and stably maintained in a wide range of bacteria contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes and to the insurgence of multidrug resistant bacteria. here we report the identification, in clinical salmonella typhimurium strains, of an incq1 plasmid (pnuc) which confers resistance to sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline through the presence of sul2, strab and teta genes, respectively. pnuc wa ...201727916622
cx3cr1+ cell-mediated salmonella exclusion protects the intestinal mucosa during the initial stage of infection.during salmonella typhimurium infection, intestinal cx3cr1(+) cells can either extend transepithelial cellular processes to sample luminal bacteria or, very early after infection, migrate into the intestinal lumen to capture bacteria. however, until now, the biological relevance of the intraluminal migration of cx3cr1(+) cells remained to be determined. we addressed this by using a combination of mouse strains differing in their ability to carry out cx3cr1-mediated sampling and intraluminal migr ...201727895168
sonication reduces the attachment of salmonella typhimurium atcc 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material.this study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of salmonella typhimurium atcc 14028 cells to plant cell walls. s. typhimurium atcc 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 khz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct ...201727889167
application of genetically engineered salmonella typhimurium for interferon-gamma-induced therapy against melanoma.salmonella have been experimentally used as anti-cancer agents, because they show selective growth in tumours. in this study, we genetically modified attenuated salmonella typhimurium to express and secrete interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) as a tumouricidal agent to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of salmonella. ifn-γ was fused to the n-terminal region (residues 1-160) of sipb (sipb160) for secretion from bacterial cells. attenuated s. typhimurium expressing recombinant ifn-γ (s. typhimurium (ifn-γ)) i ...201727883926
evaluation of an alternative experimental infection method, which closely mimics the natural route of transmission of monophasic salmonella typhimurium in pigs.salmonella carriage in pigs is a significant food safety issue. this study describes a new protocol of salmonella infection based on exposure to an artificially contaminated environment that closely mimics natural exposure to the organism. the aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of this protocol, which could then be used as a tool in the investigation of control measures. in addition, salmonella shedding pattern and growth performance of the pigs were examined. trial p ...201727788027
salmonella typhimurium methionine sulfoxide reductase a (msra) prefers trxa in repairing methionine sulfoxide.intraphagocytic survival of salmonella typhimurium (st) depends (at least in part) upon its ability to repair oxidant-damaged macromolecules. met residues either free or in protein bound form are highly susceptible to phagocyte-generated oxidants. oxidation of mets leads to met-so formation, consequently loss of protein functions that results in cell death. methionine sulfoxide reductase (msr) reductively repairs met-so to met in the presence of thioredoxin (trx) and thioredoxin reductase (trxr) ...201727191346
adhesion, invasion, cytotoxic effect and cytokine production in response to atypical salmonella typhimurium infection.pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella have the ability to respond to a wide variety of environmental stimuli. these responses allow them to survive and withstand insults both of an external location as well as within the host. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preadaptation in stressful conditions encountered in seawater microcosms for different periods of time on salmonella typhimurium survival, antibiotic susceptibility and interactions with caco-2 cells. these results sh ...201727840222
multistate outbreak of human salmonella typhimurium infections linked to pet hedgehogs - united states, 2011-2013.zoonotic salmonella infections cause approximately 130 000 illnesses annually in the united states. of 72.9 million us households owning at least one pet, five million own small mammals; 3000 hedgehogs were documented by usda in usda-licensed breeding facilities and pet stores in 2012. state health department collaborators and pulsenet, the national bacterial subtyping network, identified human infections of a salmonella typhimurium outbreak strain, which were investigated by cdc, usda-aphis and ...201727734610
cytotoxic and chemopreventive effects of gemin d against different mutagens using in vitro and in vivo assays.gemin d (gd) is an ellagitannin found in several plant species rich in phenolic compounds. its many beneficial properties include antioxidant and antitumoral.201727600790
aptamer biosensor for salmonella typhimurium detection based on luminescence energy transfer from mn(2+)-doped nayf4:yb, tm upconverting nanoparticles to gold nanorods.a highly sensitive luminescent bioassay for the detection of salmonella typhimurium was fabricated using mn(2+)-doped nayf4:yb,tm upconversion nanoparticles (ucnps) as the donor and gold nanorods (au nrs) as the acceptor and utilizing an energy transfer (let) system. mn(2+)-doped nayf4:yb,tm ucnps with a strong emission peak at 807nm were obtained by changing the doped ion ratio. carboxyl-terminated mn(2+)-doped nayf4:yb,tm ucnps were coupled with s. typhimurium aptamers, which were employed to ...201727526340
antimutagenic components in glycyrrhiza against n-methyl-n-nitrosourea in the ames assay.antimutagenesis against n-nitroso compounds contribute to prevention of human cancer. we have found that glycyrrhiza aspera ethanolic extract exhibits antimutagenic activity against n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (mnu) using the ames assay with salmonella typhimurium ta1535. in the present study, eight purified components from glycyrrhiza, namely glabridin, glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizin, licochalcone a, licoricesaponin h2, licoricesaponin g2, liquiritigenin and liquiritin were evaluated for their an ...201727466044
long-term live-cell imaging reveals new roles for salmonella effector proteins sseg and stea.salmonella typhimurium is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that infects both epithelial cells and macrophages. salmonella effector proteins, which are translocated into the host cell and manipulate host cell components, control the ability to replicate and/or survive in host cells. due to the complexity and heterogeneity of salmonella infections, there is growing recognition of the need for single-cell and live-cell imaging approaches to identify and characterize the diversity of cellular phe ...201727376507
high-efficacy targeting of colon-cancer liver metastasis with salmonella typhimurium a1-r via intra-portal-vein injection in orthotopic nude-mouse models.liver metastasis is the main cause of colon cancer-related death and is a recalcitrant disease. we report here the efficacy and safety of intra-portal-vein (ipv) targeting of salmonella typhimurium a1-r on colon cancer liver metastasis in a nude-mouse orthotopic model. nude mice with ht29 human colon cancer cells, expressing red fluorescent protein (rfp) (ht29-rfp), growing in the liver were administered s. typhimurium a1-r by either ipv (1×104 colony forming units (cfu)/100 μl) or, for comparis ...201727683127
design and expression of peptides with antimicrobial activity against salmonella typhimurium.we showed previously that insertion of synechocystis δ(12) -desaturase in salmonella's membrane alters membrane physical state (mps), followed by the expression of stress genes causing inability to survive within murine macrophages (mφ). recently, we showed that expression of one membrane lipid domain (mld) of δ(12) -desaturase (orf200) interferes with salmonella mps, causing loss of virulence in mice and immunoprotection. here, we postulate that an α-antimicrobial peptide (α-amp) intercalates w ...201727404739
protection against uv-induced toxicity and lack of mutagenicity of antarctic sanionia uncinata.antarctica moss sanionia uncinata (hedw.) loeske is exposed in situ to damaging levels of ultraviolet (uv) radiation. this moss has the ability to respond to uv radiation exposure producing secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, and has been recommended as a potential source of photoprotective compounds and antioxidants. the aim of the present paper was to investigate the free-radical scavenging activity and mutagenic and photomutagenic properties of methanolic (me), hydroethanolic (he) and e ...201727234318
mucosal-associated invariant t-cell activation and accumulation after in vivo infection depends on microbial riboflavin synthesis and co-stimulatory signals.despite recent breakthroughs in identifying mucosal-associated invariant t (mait) cell antigens (ags), the precise requirements for in vivo mait cell responses to infection remain unclear. using major histocompatibility complex-related protein 1 (mr1) tetramers, the mait cell response was investigated in a model of bacterial lung infection employing riboflavin gene-competent and -deficient bacteria. mait cells were rapidly enriched in the lungs of c57bl/6 mice infected with salmonella typhimuriu ...201727143301
a label-free fluorescent direct detection of live salmonella typhimurium using cascade triple trigger sequences-regenerated strand displacement amplification and hairpin template-generated-scaffolded silver nanoclusters.the harm of salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) to public health mainly by the consumption of contaminated agricultural products or water stresses an urgent need for rapid detection methods to help control the spread of s. typhimurium. in this work, an intelligently designed sensor system took creative advantage of triple trigger sequences-regenerated strand displacement amplification and self-protective hairpin template-generated-scaffolded silver nanoclusters (agncs) for the first time. in ...201727716594
genotoxic evaluation of halfenprox using the human peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus assay and the ames test.the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of halfenprox, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide, was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays of the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (ames test) and in vitro micronucleus (mn) assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. in the ames test, salmonella strains ta98 and ta100 were treated with or without s9 fraction. the doses of halfenprox were 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/plate and test materials were dissolved in dmso. the concentrati ...201727387265
some newer marker phytoconstituents in methanolic extract of moringa oleifera leaves and evaluation of its immunomodulatory and splenocytes proliferation potential in rats.the present study was undertaken to unravel the newer marker phytoconstituents in methanolic extract of moringa oleifera leaves (mole) and evaluation of its immunomodulatory and splenocytes proliferation potential in rats.201726600641
survival analysis and microarray profiling identify cd40 as a candidate for the salmonella susceptibility locus, ity5.the outcome of infection with salmonella typhimurium in mouse models of human typhoid fever is dependent upon a coordinated complex immune response. a panel of recombinant congenic strains (rcs) derived from reciprocal backcross of a/j and c57bl/6j mice was screened for their susceptibility to salmonella infection and two susceptibility loci, ity4 (immunity to typhimurium locus 4) and ity5, were identified. we validated ity5 in a genetic environment free of the impact of ity4 using a cross betwe ...201726562079
salmonella typhimurium in the australian egg industry: multidisciplinary approach to addressing the public health challenge and future directions.in australia, numerous egg-related human salmonella typhimurium outbreaks have prompted significant interest among public health authorities and the egg industry to jointly address this human health concern. nationwide workshops on salmonella and eggs were conducted in australia for egg producers and regulatory authorities. state and national regulators represented primary production, communicable disease control, public health and food safety, and food standards australia and new zealand. all a ...201726558802
antioxidant, mutagenic, and antimutagenic activities of tragopogon longirostis var. longirostis, an edible wild plant in turkey.the ethanolic extract of tragopogon longirostis var. longirostis, a wild edible plant in anatolia was isolated, and its antioxidant, mutagenic, and antimutagenic properties were investigated.201726288475
in vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of ethanolic extract of clerodendrum paniculatum root.clerodendrum paniculatum l. (family verbenaceae) has been used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug in traditional thai medicine. this present study investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the ethanolic extract of c. paniculatum (cpe) dried root collected from sa kaeo province of thailand. murine macrophage j774a.1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (lps) to evaluate nitric oxide (no), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) and prostagland ...201725878973
assessment by ames test and comet assay of toxicity potential of polymer used to develop field-capable rapid-detection device to analyze environmental samples.there is need for devices that decrease detection time of food-borne pathogens from days to real-time. in this study, a rapid-detection device is being developed and assessed for potential cytotoxicity. the device is comprised of melt-spun polypropylene coupons coated via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (ocvd) with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (edot), for conductivity and 3-thiopheneethanol (3te), allowing antibody attachment. the ames test and comet assay have been used in this study to exami ...201726301164
(anti)mutagenic and immunomodulatory properties of quercetin glycosides.quercetin-3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin) and quercetin-3-o-rutinoside (rutin) are common components of a normal human diet and are increasingly used in food supplements. here their effect on mutagenesis and immunity is shown.201625960089
evaluation of usage of essential oils instead of spices in meat ball formulation for controlling salmonella spp.the purpose of this study was to show the efficacy of essential oils (eos) in meat balls instead of spices because of their high antimicrobial effect and to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of origanum onites and ocimum basilicum eos against salmonella typhimurium in minced beef (20% fat) stored at 4 ℃ for seven days. this is the first study about use of o. basilicum eo in minced beef against bacterial pathogens. both eos inhibit microorganisms in in vitro antibacterial tests. minimum inhibitor ...201625677416
determination of mutagenicity of the precipitate formed by sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine using the ames test.the aim of this study was to determine the direct mutagenic potential of any precipitate formed by combining sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and chlorhexidine (chx). the precipitates formed by naocl and chx were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide and cultured with mutant salmonella typhimurium strains. the cells were observed for reverse mutation. the numbers of positive/mutated wells were statistically compared with those in the background plates using the two-sample proportion independent t-test ...201625612244
molecular profiling of sepsis in mice using fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy.sepsis is a life threatening condition resulting from a high burden of infection. it is a major health care problem and associated with inflammation, organ dysfunction and significant mortality. however, proper understanding and delineating the changes that occur during this complex condition remains a challenge. a comparative study involving intra-peritoneal injection of balb/c mice with salmonella typhimurium (infection), lipopolysaccharide (endotoxic shock) or thioglycollate (sterile peritoni ...201625808727
in vitro and in vivo toxicological evaluations of methyl ferulate, methyl p-coumarate, and pulegone 1,2-epoxide.toxicological screening of natural compounds for medicinal purposes.201626067677
molecular level understanding of resistance to nalidixic acid in salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium associates with the s83f sequence type.nalidixic acid is an antibiotic drug used for treatment of salmonellosis, a gastrointestinal infection. dna gyrase subunit a (gyra) of salmonella typhimurium is the drug target for nalidixic acid. resistance of gyra to nalidixic acid, because of a point mutation in s. typhimurium, was recently reported. substitution of phe in place of ser at locus 83 in gyra of s. typhimurium has been experimentally associated with nalidixic acid resistance. despite recent efforts, the mechanism of this resistan ...201626329667
photodecomposition, photomutagenicity and photocytotoxicity of retinyl palmitate under he-ne laser photoirradiation and its effects on photodynamic therapy of cancer cells in vitro.our aim was to study photodecomposition, photomutagenicity and cytotoxicity of retinyl palmitate (rp), a principal storage form of vitamin a in humans and animals, under he-ne laser photoirradiation. moreover, the effect of different concentrations and timing protocol of antioxidants on photodynamic therapy (pdt) is contradictory, so the effect of rp (as antioxidant) on the pdt cytotoxicity was studied.201626365099
evaluation of the mutagenicity of simple substituted quinoxalines in salmonella typhimurium.limited information is available on the genotoxicity of simple quinoxalines, distinct from the food related carcinogenic derivatives bearing an aromatic amino group. isolated positive results, with no apparent structure-activity relationships, were reported in earlier studies on alkyl substituted quinoxalines, raising a safety concern in some regulatory authorities in view of the potential human exposure related to their use as food flavors. in order to elucidate the genotoxic hazard posed by si ...201626365056
comparative cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of 13 drinking water disinfection by-products using a microplate-based cytotoxicity assay and a developed sos/umu assay.the implications of disinfection by-products (dbps) present in drinking water are of public health concern because of their potential mutagenic, carcinogenic and other toxic effects on humans. in this study, we selected 13 main dbps found in drinking water to quantitatively analyse their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a microplate-based cytotoxicity assay and a developed sos/umu assay in salmonella typhimurium ta1535/psk1002. with the developed sos/umu test, eight dbps: 3-chloro-4-(dichloro ...201626188195
a tpl2 (map3k8) disease-risk polymorphism increases tpl2 expression thereby leading to increased pattern recognition receptor-initiated caspase-1 and caspase-8 activation, signalling and cytokine secretion.ibd is characterised by dysregulated intestinal immune homeostasis and cytokine secretion. in the intestine, properly regulating pattern recognition receptor (prr)-mediated signalling and cytokines is crucial given the ongoing host-microbial interactions. tpl2 (map3k8, cot) contributes to prr-initiated pathways, yet the mechanisms for tpl2 signalling contributions in primary human myeloid cells are incompletely understood and its role in intestinal myeloid cells is poorly defined. furthermore, f ...201626215868
polyphenols rich fraction from geoffroea decorticans fruits flour affects key enzymes involved in metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress and inflammatory process.geoffroea decorticans (chañar), is widely distributed throughout northwestern argentina. its fruit is consumed as flour, arrope or hydroalcoholic beverage. the chañar fruits flour was obtained and 39 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified by hplc-ms/ms(n). the compounds comprised caffeic acid glycosides, simple phenolics (protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid), a glycoside of vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and its phenethyl ester as well as free and glycosylated flavonoids. the polypheno ...201626212988
salmonella typhimurium outbreak associated with a contaminated food container in a school in sichuan province, china.on 13 june 2013, a fever and diarrhoea outbreak occurred in a boarding school in sichuan province. we conducted a field investigation and compared food exposure of 81 case students and 104 control students (years 7 and 8) in order to identify the source of infection. there were 401 cases identified (399 students and two cooks). the attack rates were 23-46% in nursery, primary, and secondary schools, but 0% in the high school. eighty-five percent of case students, consumed cowpea salad compared t ...201626119077
decomposition of flux distributions into metabolic pathways.genome-scale reconstructions are often used for studying relationships between fundamental components of a metabolic system. in this study, we develop a novel computational method for analyzing predicted flux distributions for metabolic reconstructions. because chemical reactions may have multiple reactants and products, a directed hypergraph where hyperarcs may have multiple tail vertices and head vertices is a more appropriate representation of the metabolic network than a conventional network ...201624334391
salmonella typhimurium detection using a surface-enhanced raman scattering-based aptasensor.surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) has been used in a variety of biological applications due to its high sensitivity and specificity. here, we report a sers-based aptasensor approach for quantitative detection of pathogenic bacteria. a sers substrate bearing au@ag core/shell nanoparticles (nps) is functionalized with aptamer 1 (apt 1) for the capture of target molecules. x-rhodamine (rox)-modified aptamer 2 (apt 2) is used as recognition element and raman reporter. salmonella typhimurium ...201626599860
preparation of engineered salmonella typhimurium-driven hyaluronic-acid-based microbeads with both chemotactic and biological targeting towards breast cancer cells for enhanced anticancer therapy.in this study, a new type of targeted bacteriobots is prepared and investigated as a therapeutic strategy against solid tumors. maleimide-functionalized hyaluronic acid (ha) polymer is synthesized and cross-linked with four-arm-thiolated polyethylene glycol (peg-sh) to form ha microbeads with diameter of 8 μm through the michael-type addition. docetaxel (dtx)-loaded nanoparticles are encapsulated in ha-peg microbeads and sustained in vitro drug-release pattern of the dtx from the ha-peg microbea ...201626584018
protective effect of moderate exercise for balb/c mice with salmonella typhimurium infection.moderate exercise enhances resistance to pathogen-associated infections. however, its influence on intestinal iga levels and resistance to salmonella typhimurium in mice has not been reported. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of moderate exercise on bacterial resistance and the intestinal-iga response in a murine typhoid model. sedentary and exercised (under a protocol of moderate swimming) balb/c mice were orally infected with salmonella typhimurium and sacrificed on days 7 or 14 ...201626528943
in vitro screening of mare's milk antimicrobial effect and antiproliverative activity.the aims of this study were to examine the effect of mare's milk on virulence gene expression of salmonella typhimurium and observe its potential activity on proliferation of adenocarcinoma caco-2 cells. different supernatants of mare's milk, raw or heat-treated at 65°c for 15 s or 30 min, were studied. the changes in hila gene expression of salmonella typhimurium in presence of mare's milk supernatants were assessed using a reporter luminescent strain. a significant decrease in hila gene expres ...201626656278
rhythm and bugs: circadian clocks, gut microbiota, and enteric infections.to highlight recent developments in understanding the dynamic relationship between circadian rhythms, the gut microbiome, and gastrointestinal infections.201626628099
changing the codon usage of hfq gene has profound effect on phenotype and pathogenicity of salmonella typhimurium.genome recoding with bias codons (synonymous rare codons) or codon pair bias is being used as a method to attenuate virulence mostly in viruses. the target gene chosen for attenuation in general in bacteria is mostly toxin or virulence gene. we have used rna chaperone hfq, a global post-transcriptional regulator of bacterial gene expression that regulates about 20 % genes in salmonella, as the target of recoding. the hfq gene was recoded by replacing the codons of hfq gene with synonymous rare c ...201626620536
protective effects of five allium derived organosulfur compounds against mutation and oxidation.in this study, we examined the ability of five allium-derived organosulfur compounds to protect cells against mutation and oxidation. the compounds tested were 1-propylmercaptan (pm), dimethyl disulfide (dmds), diallyl disulfide (dads), propyl disulfide (pds), and 2,5-dimethylthiophene (dmt). our results showed that when used at concentrations of 100-400 μmol/l, the five compounds inhibited the mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide, a direct mutagen, and benzo[a]pyrene, an indirect mutagen, t ...201626617023
gastrointestinal digested sambucus nigra l. fruit extract protects in vitro cultured human colon cells against oxidative stress.elderberry (edb) sambucus nigra l. is one of the oldest medicinal plants which is useful for therapeutic and nutritional purposes due to a large amount of biologically active constituents, including compounds with a high antioxidant capacity. the present study focused on the antioxidant potential of the colon-available edb fruit extract, derived from the artificial gastrointestinal tract, with regard to human colonic mucosa cells cultured in vitro. despite the significant loss of edb bioactive c ...201626616999
asparagine deprivation mediated by salmonella asparaginase causes suppression of activation-induced t cell metabolic reprogramming.salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that induce immunosuppression by mechanisms that remain largely unknown. previously, we showed that a putative type ii l-asparaginase produced by salmonella typhimurium inhibits t cell responses and mediates virulence in a murine model of infection. here, we report that this putative l-asparaginase exhibits l-asparagine hydrolase activity required for salmonella typhimurium to inhibit t cells. we show that l-asparagine is a nutrient important for t cell activa ...201626497246
quantitative transfer of salmonella typhimurium lt2 during mechanical slicing of tomatoes as impacted by multiple processing variables.slicing of fresh produce can readily lead to pathogen cross-contamination with pre-sliced tomatoes having been linked to multistate outbreaks of salmonellosis in the united states. this study aimed to assess the impact of multiple processing variables on quantitative transfer of salmonella during simulated commercial slicing of tomatoes. one red round tomato was inoculated with salmonella typhimurium lt2 at ~5logcfu/g and sliced using a manual or electric slicer, followed by 20 uninoculated toma ...201627382959
characterization of urban aerosol: seasonal variation of mutagenicity and genotoxicity of pm2.5, pm1 and semi-volatile organic compounds.urban particulate matter (pm) is an environmental public health concern as it has been classified by the iarc as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) and it's well known that pollutants are more associated with the finest fractions of pm. in this study we characterize urban aerosol in bologna, county town of emilia-romagna in the north of italy, collecting pm2.5, pm1 and semi-volatile organic compounds using polyurethane foam. samples were collected in three different seasons (winter, summer and aut ...201627692295
subtherapeutic tetracycline concentrations aggravate salmonella typhimurium infection by increasing bacterial virulence.antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in human and animal medicine. with antibiotic resistance being a serious threat to veterinary and public health, the prudent use of antibiotics receives much attention. less well known is that incorrect use of antimicrobial agents may also lead to increased bacterial virulence with the potential of a more severe clinical course of infection. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subtherapeutic doses of tetracy ...201627165787
contribution of protein isoaspartate methyl transferase (pimt) in the survival of salmonella typhimurium under oxidative stress and virulence.the enteric pathogen salmonella typhimurium (st) survives inside the oxidative environment of phagocytic cells. phagocyte generated oxidants primarily target proteins and modify amino acids in them. these modifications render the targeted proteins functionally inactive. conversion of asp to iso-asp is one of the several known oxidant mediated amino acids modifications. by repairing iso-asp to asp, protein-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (pimt) maintains the activities of proteins and thus helps in ...201627156953
tumor-specific cell-cycle decoy by salmonella typhimurium a1-r combined with tumor-selective cell-cycle trap by methioninase overcome tumor intrinsic chemoresistance as visualized by fucci imaging.we previously reported real-time monitoring of cell cycle dynamics of cancer cells throughout a live tumor intravitally using a fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (fucci). approximately 90% of cancer cells in the center and 80% of total cells of an established tumor are in g0/g1 phase. longitudinal real-time fucci imaging demonstrated that cytotoxic agents killed only proliferating cancer cells at the surface and, in contrast, and had little effect on the quiescent cancer cells. re ...201627152859
epitope-tagged autotransporters as single-cell reporters for gene expression by a salmonella typhimurium wbap mutant.phenotypic diversity is an important trait of bacterial populations and can enhance fitness of the existing genotype in a given environment. to characterize different subpopulations, several studies have analyzed differential gene expression using fluorescent reporters. these studies visualized either single or multiple genes within single cells using different fluorescent proteins. however, variable maturation and folding kinetics of different fluorophores complicate the study of dynamics of ge ...201627149272
solid tumors provide niche-specific conditions that lead to preferential growth of salmonella.therapeutic attenuated strains of salmonella typhimurium target and eradicate tumors in mouse models. however, the mechanism of s. typhimurium for tumor targeting is still poorly understood. we performed a high-throughput screening of single-gene deletion mutants of s. typhimurium in an orthotopic, syngeneic murine mammary model of breast cancer. the mutants under selection in this system were classified into functional categories to identify bacterial processes involved in salmonella accumulati ...201627145267
salmonella typhimurium a1-r and cell-cycle decoy therapy of cancer.cancer cells in g0/g1 are resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy agents which kill only cycling cancer cells. salmonella typhimurium a1-r (s. typhimurium a1-r) decoyed cancer cells in monolayer culture and in tumor spheres to cycle from g0/g1 to s/g2/m, as demonstrated by fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (fucci) imaging. s. typhimurium a1-r targeted fucci-expressing subcutaneous tumors, and tumors growing on the liver, growing in nude mice and also decoyed quiescent cancer cel ...201626846810
methods for tumor targeting with salmonella typhimurium a1-r.salmonella typhimurium a1-r (s. typhimurium a1-r) has shown great preclinical promise as a broad-based anti-cancer therapeutic (please see chapter 1 ). the present chapter describes materials and methods for the preclinical study of s. typhimurium a1-r in clinically-relevant mouse models. establishment of orthotopic metastatic mouse models of the major cancer types is described, as well as other useful models, for efficacy studies of s. typhimurium a1-r or other tumor-targeting bacteria, as well ...201626846809
visualization of anticancer salmonella typhimurium engineered for remote control of therapeutic proteins.tumor-targeting bacteria are studied for their ability to carry therapeutic molecules to tumors or, when designed as imaging probes, to visualize the infection pathway. the present protocol describes a method to achieve remote control of therapeutic gene expression in bacteria which are also engineered to visualize the therapeutic process. this strategy may increase the safety of bacteria used to deliver therapeutic genes to tumors in vivo.201626846808
tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r: an overview.the present chapter reviews the development of the tumor-targeting amino-acid auxotrophic strain s. typhimurium a1 and the in vivo selection and characterization of the high-tumor-targeting strain s. typhimurium a1-r. efficacy of s. typhimurium a1-r in nude-mouse models of prostate, breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer, as well as sarcoma and glioma in orthotopic mouse models is described. also reviewed is efficacy of s. typhimurium a1-r targeting of primary bone tumor and lung metastasis of h ...201626846797
flagellin encoded in gene-based vector vaccines is a route-dependent immune adjuvant.flagellin has been tested as a protein-based vaccine adjuvant, with the majority of studies focused on antibody responses. here, we evaluated the adjuvant activity of flagellin for both cellular and humoral immune responses in balb/c mice in the setting of gene-based immunization, and have made several novel observations. dna vaccines and adenovirus (ad) vectors were engineered to encode mycobacterial protein ag85b, with or without flagellin of salmonella typhimurium (flic). dna-encoded flagelli ...201626844553
aim2 contributes to the maintenance of intestinal integrity via akt and protects against salmonella mucosal infection.the mechanism regulating the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier remains poorly understood. we herein demonstrate that absent in melanoma-2 (aim2) contributes to the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and defense against bacterial infection. aim2-deficient mice displayed an increased susceptibility to mucosal but not systemic infection by salmonella typhimurium, indicating a protective role for aim2 in the gastrointestinal tract. in a salmonella colitis model, compared with wild-type mi ...201626838050
label-free impedimetric biosensor for salmonella typhimurium detection based on poly [pyrrole-co-3-carboxyl-pyrrole] copolymer supported aptamer.the gram-negative bacterium, salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a food borne pathogen responsible for numerous hospitalisations and deaths all over the world. conventional detection methods for pathogens are time consuming and labour-intensive. hence, there is considerable interest in faster and simpler detection methods. polypyrrole-based polymers, due to their intrinsic chemical and electrical properties, have been demonstrated to be valuable candidates for the fabrication of chemo/bio ...201626836649
[determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mutagenicity of mainstream smoke and heavy metals in tobacco filler of cigarettes of a brand in japan and cigarettes of the same brand imported privately from other asian countries].some japanese smokers imported japanese cigarette brands from other asian countries for personal use because of the increase in tobacco tax in 2010, which meant that privately importing the cigarettes was cheaper than purchasing them in japan. we assumed that the health hazards of locally made cigarettes were different from those of privately imported cigarettes, despite the brands being the same. in this study, we carried out a comparative toxicological analysis of domestic and privately import ...201626832621
correction: the autophagy receptor tax1bp1 and the molecular motor myosin vi are required for clearance of salmonella typhimurium by autophagy.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005174.].201626820152
a novel contribution of spvb to pathogenesis of salmonella typhimurium by inhibiting autophagy in host cells.salmonella plasmid virulence genes (spv) are highly conserved in strains of clinically important salmonella serovars. it is essential for salmonella plasmid-correlated virulence, although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. autophagy has been reported to play an important role in host immune responses limiting salmonella infection. our previous studies demonstrated that salmonella conjugative plasmid harboring spv genes could enhance bacterial cytotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy. in t ...201626811498
antibiofilm formation and anti-adhesive property of three mediterranean essential oils against a foodborne pathogen salmonella strain.plant extracts, and their essential oils (eos) are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. our aim was to determine the bioactive compound in three mediterranean essential oils belonging to lamiaceae family, satureja montana l., thymus vulgaris l. and rosmarinus officinalis l., and to assess their antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-adhesive potentials against a foodborne pathogen salmonella strain. the antibacterial activity of eos and its biofilm inhibiti ...201626802522
β-glucans from coriolus versicolor protect mice against s. typhimurium challenge by activation of macrophages.the effects of β-glucans from coriolus versicolor (cvp), which are extracted from a well-known immune stimulator c. versicolor, have been demonstrated extensively in vitro and in vivo. however, until now, the phagocytic activity has not been elucidated. hence, the objective of the present study was to identify the antibacterial activity of cvp or cvp-treated macrophages by an analysis of cell cytotoxicity, phagocytic activity, intracellular bacterial survival, macrophage activation, production o ...201626802244
intermittent fasting favored the resolution of salmonella typhimurium infection in middle-aged balb/c mice.intermittent fasting (if) reportedly increases resistance and intestinal iga response to salmonella typhimurium infection in mature mice. the aim of this study was to explore the effect of aging on the aforementioned improved immune response found with if. middle-aged male balb/c mice were submitted to if or ad libitum (al) feeding for 40 weeks and then orally infected with s. typhimurium. thereafter, infected animals were all fed al (to maximize their viability) until sacrifice on day 7 or 14 p ...201626798034
thai generic-brand dry canine foods: mutagenicity and the effects of feeding in vivo and in vitro.the commercial pet-food industry and the market value of the pet industry have increased. most owners are concerned about their pets' health, and prefer commercial pet foods as their regular diet. this study thus aimed to determine whether a selection of local generic-brand dry canine foods had any potential to promote chronic disease.201626785914
methodological considerations for using umu assay to assess photo-genotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles.in this study we investigated the feasibility of high-throughput (96-well plate) umu assay to test the genotoxic effect of tio2 engineered nanoparticles (enps) under uv light (full spectrum) and visible light (455 nm). exposure of tio2 enps to up to 60 min of uv light induced a photocatalytic production of ros. however, uv light itself caused cytotoxic damage to salmonella typhimurium at exposures >15 min and a genotoxic effect at exposures >0.5 min; and use of uv filters did not lower this effe ...201626778507
the effect of hydrophobicity upon the direct mutagenicity of n-acyloxy-n-alkoxyamides--bilinear dependence upon logp.n-acyloxy-n-alkoxyamides 1 are direct-acting mutagens for which a bilinear qsar has been established, which predicts with accuracy their activity in the ames reverse mutation assay in salmonella typhimurium ta100, based upon their hydrophobicity (logp), reactivity (pka of the carboxylic acid of the n-carboxyl group) and taft steric parameters. from activity data for 55 congeners and incorporating five mutagens bearing long-chain hydrocarbons on the alkoxyl and acyloxyl groups, designed for this ...201626774666
co-exposure of elf-magnetic fields and chemical mutagens: an investigation of genotoxicity with the sos-based vitotox test in salmonella typhimurium.it is believed that extreme low frequency magnetic fields (elf-mf) are not mutagenic, at least at exposure levels below 100 μt. synergistic or co-operative effects with environmental mutagens remain possible yet. we therefore investigated the effects of elf-mf in conjunction with 4 different well known chemical mutagens having different modes of action. for this purpose the bacterial vitotox test was used. our study confirmed previous results which showed that a 100 μt magnetic field (50 hz) doe ...201626774664
functional characterization of solute carrier (slc) 26/sulfate permease (sulp) proteins in membrane mimetic systems.solute carrier (slc) 26 or sulfate permease (sulp) anion transporters, belong to a phylogenetically ancient family of secondary active transporters. members of the family are involved in several human genetic diseases and cell physiological processes. despite their importance, the substrates for transport by this family of proteins have been poorly characterized. in this study, recombinant stmychm/daua, a sulp from salmonella typhimurium was purified to homogeneity and functionally characterized ...201626774215
protein turnover analysis in salmonella typhimurium during infection by dynamic silac, topograph, and quantitative proteomics.protein turnover affects protein abundance and phenotypes. comprehensive investigation of protein turnover dynamics has the potential to provide substantial information about gene expression. here we report a large-scale protein turnover study in salmonella typhimurium during infection by quantitative proteomics. murine macrophage-like raw 264.7 cells were infected with silac labeled salmonella. bacterial cells were extracted after 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. mass spectrometry analyses yielded ...201626773230
evaluation of 4-methylimidazole, in the ames/salmonella test using induced rodent liver and lung s9.4-methylimidazole (4-mei) is formed by the interaction of ammonia with reducing sugars and low levels have been identified as a by-product in coffee, soy sauce, wine, dark beers, soft drinks, and caramel colors. the 4-mei has been reported to induce alveolar/bronchiolar tumors in mice but not rats. its mechanism of action is unlikely to be due to genotoxicity as 4-mei does not induce mutation in salmonella typhimurium and does not induce micronuclei in rodent peripheral erythrocytes or bone marr ...201626765635
acyclic cucurbit[n]uril-type molecular container enables systemic delivery of effective doses of albendazole for treatment of sk-ov-3 xenograft tumors.approximately, 40-70% of active pharmaceutical ingredients (api) are severely limited by their extremely poor aqueous solubility, and consequently, there is a high demand for excipients that can be used to formulate clinically relevant doses of these drug candidates. here, proof-of-concept studies demonstrate the potential of our recently discovered acyclic cucurbit[n]uril-type molecular container motor1 (m1) as a solubilizing agent for insoluble drugs. m1 did not induce significant rates of mut ...201626756920
the addition of charcoals to broiler diets did not alter the recovery of salmonella typhimurium during grow-out.two experiments evaluated prebiotics added to feed on the recovery of salmonella in broilers during grow-out and processing. in experiment 1, "seeder" chicks were inoculated with salmonella typhimurium and placed with penmates. treatments were: basal control diet, added 0.3% bamboo charcoal, 0.6% bamboo charcoal, or 0.12% aromabiotic (medium chain fatty acids). the ceca from seeders and penmates were sampled to confirm salmonella colonization at 3, 4, and 6 wk, and pen litter was sampled weekly. ...201626755657
salmonella typhimurium-induced m1 macrophage polarization is dependent on the bacterial o antigen.recently, macrophages were shown to be capable of differentiating toward two phenotypes after antigen stimulation: a classically activated (m1) or an alternatively activated phenotype (m2). to investigate the effect of salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) on macrophage differentiation, we compared macrophage phenotypes after infection of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages with wild-type s. typhimurium and its isogenic rfc mutant. s. typhimurium c5 induced m1 macrophage pol ...201626745982
optimized mol-pcr for characterization of microbial pathogens.characterization of microbial pathogens is necessary for surveillance, outbreak detection, and tracing of outbreak sources. this unit describes a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr (mol-pcr) optimized for characterization of microbial pathogens. with mol-pcr, different types of markers, like unique sequences, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and indels, can be simultaneously analyzed in one assay. this assay consists of a multiplex ligation for detection of the markers, a singleplex pc ...201626742655
assessment of antimutagenic action of celtis glabrata steven ex planch. (cannabaceae) extracts against base pair exchange and frame shift mutations on salmonella typhimurium ta98 and ta100 strains by ames test.celtis glabrata is used in turkey for the treatment of various health disorders.201626739110
transcriptional analysis of porcine intestinal mucosa infected with salmonella typhimurium revealed a massive inflammatory response and disruption of bile acid absorption in ileum.infected pork meat is an important source of non-typhoidal human salmonellosis. understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis is important for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies. thus, hereby we study the transcriptional profiles along the porcine intestine during infection with salmonella typhimurium, as well as post-transcriptional gene modulation by micrornas (mirna). sixteen piglets were orally challenged with s. typhimurium. samples from jejunu ...201626738723
ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, their metabolites/transformation products and their mixtures.cyclophosphamide (cp) and ifosfamide (if) are commonly used cytostatic drugs that repress cell division by interaction with dna. the present study investigates the ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of cp, if, their human metabolites/transformation products (tps) carboxy-cyclophosphamide (cpcooh), keto-cyclophosphamide (ketocp) and n-dechloroethyl-cyclophosphamide (ndcp) as individual compounds and as mixture. the two parent compounds (cp and if), at concentrations up to 320 mg l(-1), were non-toxic t ...201626735164
development of a quantitative fluorescence single primer isothermal amplification-based method for the detection of salmonella.food-borne disease caused by salmonella has long been, and continues to be, an important global public health problem, necessitating rapid and accurate detection of salmonella in food. real time pcr is the most recently developed approach for salmonella detection. single primer isothermal amplification (spia), a novel gene amplification technique, has emerged as an attractive microbiological testing method. spia is performed under a constant temperature, eliminating the need for an expensive the ...201626704066
synergistic in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial effect of a mixture of zno nanoparticles and lactobacillus fermentation liquor.in this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of zno nanoparticles (nps) and lactobacillus-fermentation liquor (lfl) against two pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo. bactericidal tests were performed on solid agar plates and quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) techniques were used to examine the antibacterial activity of the mixture of zno nps and lfl in vivo. the results showed that the mixture exhibited higher antibacterial act ...201626695158
differential impact of ramra mutations on both rama transcription and decreased antimicrobial susceptibility in salmonella typhimurium.this study was focused on analysing the heterogeneity of mutations occurring in the regulators of efflux-mediated mdr in salmonella typhimurium. moreover, the impact of such mutations on impairing the transcription of rama, acrb, tolc and acrf was also assessed as was the impact on the resistance or decreased susceptibility phenotype.201626679248
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