Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| enterovirus a71 meningoencephalitis outbreak, rostov-on-don, russia, 2013. | seventy-eight cases of enterovirus infection, including 25 neuroinfections, occurred in rostov-on-don, russia, during may-june 2013. the outbreak was caused by an enterovirus a type 71 (ev-a71) subgenotype c4 lineage that spread to neighboring countries from china ≈3 years earlier. enterovirus associated neuroinfection may emerge in areas with a preceding background circulation of ev-a71 with apparently asymptomatic infection. | 2015 | 26196217 |
| mapping enterovirus a71 antigenic determinants from viral evolution. | human enterovirus a71 (ev-a71) belongs to the enterovirus a species in the picornaviridae family. several vaccines against ev-a71, a disease causing severe neurological complications or even death, are currently under development and being tested in clinical trials, and preventative vaccination programs are expected to start soon. to characterize the potential for antigenic change of ev-a71, we compared the sequences of two antigenically diverse genotype b4 and b5 strains of ev-a71 and identifie ... | 2015 | 26339057 |
| [analysis of seroepidemiology of enterovirus 71 diseases in children in jiangsu province]. | to analyze the dynamic pattern and the distributive characteristics of neutralizing antibody against enterovirus 71 (ev-a71 ) in children aged 6-35 months in jiangsu province from 2012 to 2014. | 2015 | 26887297 |
| antiviral effects of reduning injection against enterovirus 71 and possible mechanisms of action. | the present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of reduning injection against enterovirus 71 (ev71) in vero cells and in mice. the vero cells were infected with 100 and 50 tcid50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) of ev71, respectively. the inhibition of reduning injection on cytopathic effect (cpe) was detected. meanwhile, a mouse model produced by intraperitoneal ev71-infection (10(6) tcid50), was used to investigate the protective effects of reduning injection. the total su ... | 2015 | 26721706 |
| impact of human enterovirus 71 genotypes in meningoencephalitis in iran. | since the importance of poliovirus has diminished, as a result of its elimination in the majority of countries, non-polioviruses are emerging as causative agents of severe central nervous system (cns) involvement. outbreaks of enterovirus 71 (ev71)-associated cns infections have recently been reported in asia, australia, and europe. | 2015 | 26865943 |
| a bivalent virus-like particle based vaccine induces a balanced antibody response against both enterovirus 71 and norovirus in mice. | noroviruses are the main cause of severe viral gastroenteritis, which results in estimated 200,000 deaths each year, primarily in children in the developing world. genogroup ii.4 (gii.4) strains are responsible for the majority of norovirus outbreaks. enterovirus 71 (ev71), the leading causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease, has recently been prevalent in asia-pacific regions, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in young children. however, no vaccine is commercially availab ... | 2015 | 26424606 |
| similar protective immunity induced by an inactivated enterovirus 71 (ev71) vaccine in neonatal rhesus macaques and children. | during the development of enterovirus 71 (ev71) inactivated vaccine for preventing human hand, foot and mouth diseases (hfmd) by ev71 infection, an effective animal model is presumed to be significant and necessary. our previous study demonstrated that the vesicles in oral regions and limbs potentially associated with viremia, which are the typical manifestations of hfmd, and remarkable pathologic changes were identified in various tissues of neonatal rhesus macaque during ev71 infection. althou ... | 2015 | 26419198 |
| transmission patterns of human enterovirus 71 to, from and among european countries, 2003 to 2013. | enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is involved in epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) and has been reported to occur with severe neurological complications in eastern and south-east asia. in other geographical areas, the transmission of this virus is poorly understood. we used large sequence datasets (of the gene encoding the viral protein 1, vp1) and a bayesian phylogenetic approach to compare the molecular epidemiology and geographical spread patterns of ev-71 subgenogroups b4, b5, c1, c2, a ... | 2015 | 26530407 |
| pros and cons of vp1-specific maternal igg for the protection of enterovirus 71 infection. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) causes hand, foot, and mouth diseases and can result in severe neurological disorders when it infects the central nervous system. thus, there is a need for the development of effective vaccines against ev71 infection. here we report that viral capsid protein 1 (vp1), one of the main capsid proteins of ev71, efficiently elicited vp1-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) in the serum of mice immunized with recombinant vp1. the vp1-specific igg produced in female mice was efficientl ... | 2015 | 26529069 |
| glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enhances antiviral response through downregulation of nadph sensor hscarg and upregulation of nf-κb signaling. | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd)-deficient cells are highly susceptible to viral infection. this study examined the mechanism underlying this phenomenon by measuring the expression of antiviral genes-tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) and gtpase myxovirus resistance 1 (mx1)-in g6pd-knockdown cells upon human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) and enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection. molecular analysis revealed that the promoter activities of tnf-α and mx1 were downregulated in g6pd-knockdown cell ... | 2015 | 26694452 |
| recent progress towards novel ev71 anti-therapeutics and vaccines. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a group of viruses that belongs to the picornaviridae family, which also includes viruses such as polioviruses. ev71, together with coxsackieviruses, is widely known for its association with hand foot mouth disease (hfmd), which generally affects children age five and below. besides hfmd, ev71 can also trigger more severe and life-threatening neurological conditions such as encephalitis. considering the lack of a vaccine and antiviral drug against ev71, together with the ... | 2015 | 26670245 |
| studies on inhibition of proliferation of enterovirus-71 by compound yz-ly-0. | in recent years, hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd), which is caused by enteroviruses, has emerged as a serious illness. it affects mainly children under the age of five and results in high fatality rates. enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the main causative agent of hfmd in china and currently there are no effective anti-viral drugs available to treat hfmd. in the present study, we screened compounds for inhibition of proliferation of ev71. compound yz-ly-0 stalled the life cycle of ev71. the inhibitor ... | 2015 | 26640412 |
| host microrna mir-197 plays a negative regulatory role in the enterovirus 71 infectious cycle by targeting the ran protein. | enterovirus 71 (ev71), a member of picornaviridae, is associated with severe central nervous system complications. in this study, we identified a cellular microrna (mirna), mir-197, whose expression was downregulated by viral infection in a time-dependent manner. in mir-197 mimic-transfected cells, ev71 replication was inhibited, whereas the internal ribosome entry site (ires) activity was decreased in ev71 strains with or without predicted mir-197 target sites, indicating that mir-197 targets h ... | 2015 | 26581983 |
| identification, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel anti-ev71 agents via cyclophilin a inhibition. | in this work, the relationship between cyclophilin a (cypa) and ev71 prompted us to screen a series of small molecular cypa inhibitors which were previously reported by our group. among them, compounds 1 and 2 were discovered as non-immunosuppressive anti-ev71 agents with an ec50 values of 1.07±0.17μm and 3.36±0.45μm in virus assay, respectively, which were desirably for the further study. the subsequent chemical modifications derived a novel class of molecules, among which compound 11 demonstra ... | 2015 | 26564266 |
| antiviral activities of several oral traditional chinese medicines against influenza viruses. | influenza is still a serious threat to human health with significant morbidity and mortality. the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses poses a great challenge to existing antiviral drugs. traditional chinese medicines (tcms) may be an alternative to overcome the challenge. here, 10 oral proprietary chinese medicines were selected to evaluate their anti-influenza activities. these drugs exhibit potent inhibitory effects against influenza a h1n1, influenza a h3n2, and influenza b virus. i ... | 2015 | 26557857 |
| engineering enhanced vaccine cell lines to eradicate vaccine-preventable diseases: the polio end game. | vaccine manufacturing costs prevent a significant portion of the world's population from accessing protection from vaccine-preventable diseases. to enhance vaccine production at reduced costs, a genome-wide rna interference (rnai) screen was performed to identify gene knockdown events that enhanced poliovirus replication. primary screen hits were validated in a vero vaccine manufacturing cell line using attenuated and wild-type poliovirus strains. multiple single and dual gene silencing events i ... | 2015 | 26581994 |
| analysis on the sequence of the whole genome of an isolated enterovirus 71 strain. | an enterovirus 71 (ev71) strain query was isolated from a patient specimen in 2015. in order to known about its genetic evolution, this study amplified gene fragment of the isolated stain by rt-pct and carried out sequencing of the total genome. the homology and genetic evolution of the gene sequence of the virus strain in the study were analyzed. the results showed that the isolated ev71 strain in this study had higher homology of nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence with other virus str ... | 2015 | 26884986 |
| relationship between serologic response and clinical symptoms in children with enterovirus 71-infected hand-foot-mouth disease. | this study aimed to explore the correlation between clinical symptoms, including rash and fever, and serum antibody reaction to enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection in children hospitalized due to hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd). from may 2014 to july 2014, a total of 547 children hospitalized due to hfmd in children's hospital of fudan university were enrolled retrospectively. rna levels of ev71 and ca16 in fecal, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were measured using quantitative real-time rt- ... | 2015 | 26617898 |
| [inosine pranobex - cytotoxic activities and effect of on replication of human parainfluenza viruses (hpiv-2, hpiv-4), entroviruses (ca16, ev71) and adenoviruses (hadv-2, hadv-5) in vitro]. | there are no specific antivirals designed for many viral infections. inosine pranobex (pi) is a purine nucleoside that is involved in a wide variety of intracellular biochemical processes. the mechanism of action in human body is still unclear but numerous studies have demonstrated that this drug inhibits viral replication and exhibit pleiotropic effect. we evaluated in vitro effect of inosine pranobex (pi) on replication of human viruses: parainfluenza viruses (hpiv-2, hpiv-4), entroviruses a ( ... | 2015 | 26591662 |
| coxsackievirus a 16 infection does not interfere with the specific immune response induced by an enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccine in rhesus monkeys. | hand, foot and mouth disease is usually caused by enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a 16 (ca16), which are members of the picornaviridae family. in the present study, the characteristics of the immune response induced by an ev71 inactivated vaccine (made from human diploid cells) were explored in the presence of ca16 infection, based on the previously established neonatal rhesus monkey model. the typical clinical manifestations, including body temperature, viral viremia and virus shedding ... | 2014 | 24958699 |
| recombination strategies and evolutionary dynamics of the human enterovirus a global gene pool. | we analysed natural recombination in 79 human enterovirus a strains representing 13 serotypes by sequencing of vp1, 2c and 3d genome regions. the half-life of a non-recombinant tree node in coxsackieviruses 2, 4 and 10 was only 3.5 years, and never more than 9 years. all coxsackieviruses that differed by more than 7 % of the nucleotide sequence in any genome region were recombinants relative to each other. enterovirus 71 (ev71), on the contrary, displayed remarkable genetic stability. three majo ... | 2014 | 24425417 |
| coxsackievirus cloverleaf rna containing a 5' triphosphate triggers an antiviral response via rig-i activation. | upon viral infections, pattern recognition receptors (prrs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and stimulate an antiviral state associated with the production of type i interferons (ifns) and inflammatory markers. type i ifns play crucial roles in innate antiviral responses by inducing expression of interferon-stimulated genes and by activating components of the adaptive immune system. although pegylated ifns have been used to treat hepatitis b and c virus infections for de ... | 2014 | 24759703 |
| auf1 is recruited to the stress granules induced by coxsackievirus b3. | stress granules (sgs) are cytoplasmic granules that are formed in cells when stress occurs. in this study, we found that sgs formed in cells infected with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), evidenced with the co-localization of some accepted sg markers in the viral infection-induced granules. we further discovered that adenosine-uridine (au)-rich element rna binding factor 1 (auf1), which can bind to mrnas and regulate their translation, was recruited to the sgs in response to high dose of cvb3 by detect ... | 2014 | 25148713 |
| antiviral activity of lanatoside c against dengue virus infection. | dengue infection poses a serious threat globally due to its recent rapid spread and rise in incidence. currently, there is no approved vaccine or effective antiviral drug for dengue virus infection. in response to the urgent need for the development of an effective antiviral for dengue virus, the us drug collection library was screened in this study to identify compounds with anti-dengue activities. lanatoside c, an fda approved cardiac glycoside was identified as a candidate anti-dengue compoun ... | 2014 | 25251726 |
| [serotype distribution of non-polio enterovirus in patients with acute flaccid paralysis during 2011-2012 in hebei province, china]. | this study aims to investigate the serotype distribution of non-polio enterovirus (npev) isolated from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (afp) during 2011-2012 in hebei province, china and to analyze the relationship between these viruses and afp. npev strains were isolated from the stool specimens from afp cases in hebei using human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (rd) and the mouse cell line expressing the gene for the human cellular receptor for poliovirus (l20b) according to the who requirements. ... | 2014 | 24772895 |
| development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for universal detection of enteroviruses. | enteroviruses are found in most environments and cause several diseases in humans. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was adapted and evaluated for the rapid detection of enteroviruses. based on the highly conserved 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) of the human enteroviruses (hevs), particularly human enterovirus a (hev-a) and hev-b, a set of universal primers was designed. the lamp amplification was carried out under isothermal conditions at 61 °c, depending on the template concentrat ... | 2014 | 24426171 |
| [hand, foot and mouth disease--more than a harmless "childhood disease"]. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is a highly contagious, world-wide distributed viral illness that affects predominantly children. it is caused by several enteroviruses, such as coxsackieviruses a6, a10, a16 and enterovirus 71. in most cases, hfmd follows a benign and self-limiting course. after an incubation period of 3 to 10 days, fever and sore throat, the first symptoms of the disease, appear. a few days later, maculopapular or vesicular eruptions form on the palms and soles as well as in ... | 2014 | 24490433 |
| antiviral activity of ginsenosides against coxsackievirus b3, enterovirus 71, and human rhinovirus 3. | ginsenosides are the major components responsible for the biochemical and pharmacological actions of ginseng, and have been shown to have various biological activities. in this study, we investigated the antiviral activities of seven ginsenosides [protopanaxatriol (pt) type: re, rf, and rg2; protopanaxadiol (pd) type: rb1, rb2, rc, and rd)] against coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), enterovirus 71 (ev71), and human rhinovirus 3 (hrv3). | 2014 | 25378991 |
| induction and suppression of innate antiviral responses by picornaviruses. | the family picornaviridae comprises of small, non-enveloped, positive-strand rna viruses and contains many human and animal pathogens including enteroviruses (e.g. poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 71 and rhinovirus), cardioviruses (e.g. encephalomyocarditis virus), hepatitis a virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. picornavirus infections activate a cytosolic rna sensor, mda5, which in turn, induces a type i interferon response, a crucial component of antiviral immunity. moreover, picorn ... | 2014 | 25086453 |
| [genetic evidence for recombination and mutation in the emergence of human enterovirus 71]. | we wished to understand the genetic recombination and phylogenetic characteristics of human en- terovirus a71 (ev-a71) and to explore its potential virulence-related sites. full-length genomes of three ev-a71 strains isolated from patients in chenzhou city (china) were sequenced and analyzed. possible re- combination events and crossover sites were analyzed with recombination detection program v4. 1. 6 by comparison with the complete genome sequences of 231 strains of ev-a71. similarly, plot and ... | 2014 | 25562969 |
| prevalence and characterization of enterovirus infections among pediatric patients with hand foot mouth disease, herpangina and influenza like illness in thailand, 2012. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) and herpangina are common infectious diseases caused by several genotypes of human enterovirus species a and frequently occurring in young children. this study was aimed at analyzing enteroviruses from patients with these diseases in thailand in 2012. detection and genotype determination of enteroviruses were accomplished by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the vp1 region. enterovirus-positive samples were differentiated into ... | 2014 | 24887237 |
| combined approaches to flexible fitting and assessment in virus capsids undergoing conformational change. | fitting of atomic components into electron cryo-microscopy (cryoem) density maps is routinely used to understand the structure and function of macromolecular machines. many fitting methods have been developed, but a standard protocol for successful fitting and assessment of fitted models has yet to be agreed upon among the experts in the field. here, we created and tested a protocol that highlights important issues related to homology modelling, density map segmentation, rigid and flexible fitti ... | 2014 | 24333899 |
| binding of glutathione to enterovirus capsids is essential for virion morphogenesis. | enteroviruses (family of the picornaviridae) cover a large group of medically important human pathogens for which no antiviral treatment is approved. although these viruses have been extensively studied, some aspects of the viral life cycle, in particular morphogenesis, are yet poorly understood. we report the discovery of tp219 as a novel inhibitor of the replication of several enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus and poliovirus. we show that tp219 binds directly glutathione (gsh), thereby r ... | 2014 | 24722756 |
| emergence of enterovirus 71 c4a in denmark, 2009 to 2013. | enterovirus (ev) 71 has emerged as a primary cause of severe neurologic enterovirus infection in the aftermath of the global polio eradication effort. eleven subgenotypes of ev71 exist, the c4 subgenotype being associated with large outbreaks in asia with high mortality rates. this subgenotype has rarely been reported in europe. in the period between 1 january 2009 and 31 december 2013 a total of 1,447 ev positive samples from 1,143 individuals were sent to the statens serum institute (ssi), and ... | 2014 | 25306878 |
| coxsackievirus a6 associated hand, foot and mouth disease in adults: clinical presentation and review of the literature. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) is generally considered a rare illness in adults. classically, hfmd has been strongly associated with coxsackievirus strain a16 and enterovirus 71. the coxsackievirus a6 (cva6) strain has been linked to severe worldwide outbreaks since 2008. cva6 is associated with a more severe and profound course of disease, affecting both children and adults. | 2014 | 24932735 |
| molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus a16 and a6 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in spain. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is a childhood illness frequently caused by genotypes belonging to the enterovirus a species, including coxsackievirus (cv)-a16 and enterovirus (ev)-71. between 2010 and 2012, several outbreaks and sporadic cases of hfmd occurred in different regions of spain. the objective of the present study was to describe the enterovirus epidemiology associated with hfmd in the country. a total of 80 patients with hfmd or atypical rash were included. detection and typing ... | 2014 | 24033818 |
| changing aetiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in linyi, china, 2009-2011. | millions of hand, foot and mouth disease cases occur annually and the disease is considered a significant public health threat in china. we have focused on linyi for 3 years to analyse the aetiological spectrum and epidemic changes. the reported number of cases of hfmd in linyi declined in 2011,with the percentage of hev71 dropping to 11%. although cva16 rose to 51% in 2011, the number of cva16 cases did not change significantly compared with the previous 2 years. other types of enteroviruses we ... | 2014 | 23910234 |
| [sequence analysis of vp1 region of coxsackievirus a4 and coxsackievirus a10 in guangzhou city, 2010-2012]. | to identify the enterovirus from stool samples of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease(hfmd) in guangzhou from 2010 to 2012 and to perform phylogenetic analysis of the vp1 gene sequences of coxsackievirus a4 and coxsackievirus a10. | 2014 | 25219430 |
| prospect and challenges for the development of multivalent vaccines against hand, foot and mouth diseases. | enterovirus 71 (ev71), an emerging neurotropic virus and coxsackieviruses (cv) are the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth diseases (hfmd). these viruses have become a serious public health threat in the asia pacific region. formalin-inactivated ev71 (fi-ev71) vaccines have been developed, evaluated in human clinical trials and were found to elicit full protection against ev71. their failure to prevent cva16 infections could compromise the acceptability of monovalent ev71 vaccines. bi ... | 2014 | 25218294 |
| inhibition of enterovirus 71 infection by antisense octaguanidinium dendrimer-conjugated morpholino oligomers. | enterovirus 71 (ev-71) infections are generally manifested as mild hand, foot and mouth disease, but have been reported to cause severe neurological complications with high mortality rates. treatment options remain limited due to the lack of antivirals. octaguanidinium-conjugated morpholino oligomers (vivo-mos) are single-stranded dna-like antisense agents that can readily penetrate cells and reduce gene expression by steric blocking of complementary rna sequences. in this study, inhibitory effe ... | 2014 | 24769243 |
| [epidemiological features and pathogenic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in gansu province, china during 2008-2012]. | this study aims to analyze the epidemiological features and pathogenic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in gansu province, china and to provide a basis for the development of effective prevention and control measures. the descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyse the data of hfmd cases in gansu. the specimens collected from hospitals were subjected to rt-pcr or real-time pcr to detect human enterovirus (hev) nucleic acid, and hev strains were isolated using h ... | 2014 | 24772894 |
| differential interferon pathway gene expression patterns in rhabdomyosarcoma cells during enterovirus 71 or coxsackievirus a16 infection. | exposure of cells to type i interferon (ifn) induces an antiviral state that prevents viral infection, but viruses can utilize multiple tactics to antagonize the host immune system. enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cva16) are two major pathogens that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd), which is prevalent among children. we found that both ev71 and ca16 have different reactions to type i ifn pretreatment and induction patterns of type i ifn on rhabdomyosarcoma (rd) cells. fur ... | 2014 | 24735544 |
| coxsackievirus a6 and enterovirus 71 causing hand, foot and mouth disease in cuba, 2011-2013. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is usually caused by coxsackievirus a16 or enterovirus 71 (ev71). between 2011 and 2013, hfmd cases were reported from different cuban provinces. a total of 42 clinical specimens were obtained from 23 patients. detection, identification and phylogenetic analysis of enterovirus-associated hfmd were carried out by virus isolation, specific enterovirus pcr and partial vp1 sequences. hev was detected in 11 hfmd cases. emerging genetic variants of coxsackievirus a6 ... | 2014 | 24719197 |
| coxsackievirus a16: epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccine. | coxsackievirus 16 (ca16) is one of the major pathogens associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in infants and young children. in recent years, ca16 and human enterovirus 71 (ev71) have often circulated alternatively or together in the western pacific region, which has become an important public health problem in this region. hfmd caused by ca16 infection is generally thought to be mild and self-limiting. however, recently several severe and fatal cases involving ca16 have been repor ... | 2014 | 24231751 |
| development of a sandwich elisa for the quantification of enterovirus 71. | since 2008, enterovirus 71 (ev71) has been responsible for high-mortality seasonal epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease in china. currently many groups in the world are in the process of developing ev71 vaccines to combat this deadly disease. we have developed three ev71-specific monoclonal antibodies, and in this study we report the establishment of a fast and cost-effective sandwich elisa kit for measurement of virus concentration in ev71 vaccines using a pair of mouse anti-ev71 monoclona ... | 2014 | 23728855 |
| human enterovirus 71 uncoating captured at atomic resolution. | human enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the major causative agent of severe hand-foot-and-mouth diseases (hfmd) in young children, and structural characterization of ev71 during its life cycle can aid in the development of therapeutics against hfmd. here, we present the atomic structures of the full virion and an uncoating intermediate of a clinical ev71 c4 strain to illustrate the structural changes in the full virion that lead to the formation of the uncoating intermediate prepared for rna release. alt ... | 2014 | 24352461 |
| correlation analysis of ev71 detection and case severity in hand, foot, and mouth disease in the hunan province of china. | an increase in the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) cases has been observed in the hunan province of mainland china since 2009 with a particularly higher level of severe cases in 2010-2012. intestinal viruses of the picornaviridae family are responsible for the human syndrome associated with hfmd with enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cox a16) being the most common causative strains. hfmd cases associated with ev71 are generally more severe with an increased associati ... | 2014 | 24941257 |
| clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult hand, foot, and mouth disease in northern zhejiang, china, may 2008-november 2013. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) is an infectious disease typically caused by enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16. the incidence of hfmd appears to be increasing across the asia pacific region, with deaths occurring predominantly among children. therefore, most hfmd reports focus on children and few have studied hfmd in adults. however, more adult hfmd cases may be seen in the foreseeable future as a result of global warming, continued viral evolution, and an increase in traveling. ... | 2014 | 24885052 |
| co-circulation and genomic recombination of coxsackievirus a16 and enterovirus 71 during a large outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in central china. | a total of 1844 patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd), most of them were children of age 1-3-year-old, in central china were hospitalized from 2011 to 2012. among them, 422 were infected with coxsackievirus a16 (cva16), 334 were infected with enterovirus 71 (ev71), 38 were co-infected with ev71 and cva16, and 35 were infected with other enteroviruses. molecular epidemiology analysis revealed that ev71 and cva16 were detected year-round, but ev71 circulated mainly in july and cva16 c ... | 2014 | 24776922 |
| cryo-electron microscopy study of insect cell-expressed enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 virus-like particles provides a structural basis for vaccine development. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) are the two most common etiological agents responsible for the epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd), a childhood illness with occasional severe neurological complications. a number of vaccine candidates against ev71 or ca16 have been reported; however, no vaccine is currently available for clinical use. here, we generated a secreted version of ev71 and ca16 virus-like particles (vlps) using a baculovirus-insect cell expression syst ... | 2014 | 24672036 |
| hand, foot and mouth disease in guangdong, china, in 2013: new trends in the continuing epidemic. | millions of incidents of hand, foot and mouth disease occur annually in china, with eva71 and cva16 as two major causative pathogens. a provincial surveillance system has been implemented in guangdong for almost 5 years to analyze the aetiological spectrum and epidemic changes. an unusual enterovirus type, cva6, was identified as the predominant serotype associated with an hfmd epidemic from late 2012 to 2013. in contrast to virus strains isolated before, all cva6/chn/2012-2013 strains segregate ... | 2014 | 24428125 |
| detection and characterization of viruses causing hand, foot and mouth disease from children in seri kembangan, malaysia. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is a common viral infection among infants and children. the major causative agents of hfmd are enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cva16). recently, coxsackievirus a6 (cva6) infections were reported in neighboring countries. infected infants and children may present with fever, mouth/throat ulcers, rashes and vesicles on hands and feet. moreover, ev71 infections might cause fatal neurological complications. since 1997, ev71 caused fatalities in saraw ... | 2014 | 25776590 |
| [epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and genetic characterization of enterovirus a71: a survey from 2007 to 2012 in linyi of shandong province, china]. | to investigate the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) and the genetic characteristics of enterovirus a71 (ev-a71) in linyi of shandong province, china during 2007-2012. the number of reported hfmd cases were obtained from the national notifiable disease reporting system (nndrs) were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method; the vp1 region of ev-a71 isolated from hfmd patients in linyi was amplified and sequenced. finally, the genetic variability and phylogenecity of vp1 sequ ... | 2014 | 25118378 |
| a combination vaccine comprising of inactivated enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 elicits balanced protective immunity against both viruses. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) are the two major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), which is an infectious disease frequently occurring in children. a bivalent vaccine against both ev71 and ca16 is highly desirable. in the present study, we compare monovalent inactivated ev71, monovalent inactivated ca16, and a combination vaccine candidate comprising of both inactivated ev71 and ca16, for their immunogenicity and in vivo protective efficacy. the two mo ... | 2014 | 24657161 |
| improved detection limit in rapid detection of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 by a novel reverse transcription-isothermal multiple-self-matching-initiated amplification assay. | rapid detection of human enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cva16) is important in the early phase of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd). in this study, we developed and evaluated a novel reverse transcription-isothermal multiple-self-matching-initiated amplification (rt-imsa) assay for the rapid detection of ev71 and cva16 by use of reverse transcriptase, together with a strand displacement dna polymerase. real-time rt-imsa assays using a turbidimeter and visual rt-imsa assays to det ... | 2014 | 24648558 |
| droplet digital pcr as a useful tool for the quantitative detection of enterovirus 71. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is a contagious viral disease that frequently affects infants and children and present with blisters and flu-like symptoms. this disease is caused by a group of enteroviruses such as enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16). however, unlike other hfmd causing enteroviruses, ev71 have also been shown to be associated with more severe clinical manifestation such as aseptic meningitis, brainstem and cerebellar encephalitis which may lead to cardiopulmo ... | 2014 | 25064359 |
| association analysis of polymorphisms in oas1 with susceptibility and severity of hand, foot and mouth disease. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is a common childhood illness that mainly affects asian children under the age of 5 years. human enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) are the most common pathogens of hfmd. it is imperative that the susceptible population is screened early and that the severe illness population can be identified via genetic variation detection in children. four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) [2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase1 (oas1) rs10774671, selectin p ... | 2014 | 25059424 |
| new coxsackievirus b4 genotype circulating in inner mongolia autonomous region, china. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) surveillance was initiated in the inner mongolia autonomous region of china in 2007, a crucial scrutiny for monitoring the prevalence of enterovirus serotypes associated with hfmd patients. however, this surveillance mostly focused on enterovirus 71 (ev-a71) and coxsackievirus a16; therefore, information on other enterovirus serotypes is limited. to identify the other circulating enterovirus serotypes in the hfmd outbreaks in inner mongolia in 2010, clinical ... | 2014 | 24595311 |
| identification of luteolin as enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 inhibitors through reporter viruses and cell viability-based screening. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is a common pediatric illness mainly caused by infection with enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16). the frequent hfmd outbreaks have become a serious public health problem. currently, no vaccine or antiviral drug for ev71/ca16 infections has been approved. in this study, a two-step screening platform consisting of reporter virus-based assays and cell viability‑based assays was developed to identify potential inhibitors of ev71/ca16 infection. tw ... | 2014 | 25036464 |
| identification of specific antigenic epitope at n-terminal segment of enterovirus 71 (ev-71) vp1 protein and characterization of its use in recombinant form for early diagnosis of ev-71 infection. | human enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is the main etiologic agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). we sought to identify ev-71 specific antigens and develop serologic assays for acute-phase ev-71 infection. a series of truncated proteins within the n-terminal 100 amino acids (aa) of ev-71 vp1 was expressed in escherichia coli. western blot (wb) analysis showed that positions around 11-21 aa contain ev-71-specific antigenic sites, whereas positions 1-5 and 51-100 contain epitopes shared with human ... | 2014 | 24952304 |
| a virus-like particle based bivalent vaccine confers dual protection against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 infections in mice. | enterovirus 71(ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) are responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease which has been prevalent in asia-pacific regions, causing significant morbidity and mortality in young children. co-circulation of and co-infection by both viruses underscores the importance and urgency of developing vaccines against both viruses simultaneously. here we report the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bivalent combination vaccine comprised of ev71 and ca16 virus-like particl ... | 2014 | 24950363 |
| enterovirus infection in children attending two outpatient clinics in zhejiang province, china. | enteroviruses are responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease, and have caused many deaths in china during recent years. but the natural history of enterovirus infection in children, especially asymptomatic children, is not yet clear. from april 2011 to may 2012, 505 stool and throat swab samples of children attending outpatients clinics in two hospitals were collected weekly to test for enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus a16, and other enterovirus nucleic acids by real-time rt-pcr. two hundred si ... | 2014 | 24519430 |
| dermatological spectrum of hand, foot and mouth disease from classical to generalized exanthema. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is classically defined as a childhood fever accompanied by a rash with vesicles or erosions of the oral mucosa, hands, feet and sometimes the buttocks. severe neurological complications are associated with enterovirus 71 outbreaks in asia. recently, it has been suggested that hfmd is related to coxsackie virus a6 (cv-a6) when there is an atypical rash. the objective of the study is to determine the dermatological pattern of hfmd and to identify the virus serot ... | 2014 | 24463804 |
| prevalence of multiple enteroviruses associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in shijiazhuang city, hebei province, china: outbreaks of coxsackieviruses a10 and b3. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) has been one of the most common infectious diseases in shijiazhuang city, as is the situation in china overall. in the national hfmd surveillance system, the pathogen detection was focused on ev-a71 and cva16, and therefore, information on the other evs is very limited. in order to identify the circulating ev serotypes in the hfmd outbreaks in shijiazhuang city during 2010-2012, 4045 patients presented with hfmd were recruited in the study, and clinical sampl ... | 2014 | 24392117 |
| the role of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a strains in a large outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in 2012 in changsha, china. | during 2012, changsha experienced a large outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd), resulting in 25,438 cases, including 42 severe cases and eight deaths. | 2014 | 25236389 |
| first isolation and genomic characterization of enterovirus a71 and coxsackievirus a16 from hand foot and mouth disease patients in the lao pdr. | enterovirus a71 (ev-a71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cv-a16) are major aetiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease in asia. we established the first genomic characterization of strains isolated in 2011 from lao patients. isolates were related to ev-a71 genotype c4 and cv-a16 genotype b1a that circulated in neighbouring countries during the same period. this confirms the regional character of hand, foot and mouth disease epidemiology and makes plausible the occurrence of severe disease in the ... | 2014 | 25566395 |
| [molecular epidemiology of hfmd-associated pathogen coxsackievirus a6 in fujian province, 2011-2013]. | in order to characterize the molecular epidemiology of hfmd-associated coxsackievirus a6 (cva6) in fujian province, a total of 1340 specimens from non-ev71 non-cva16 hfmd patients were collected during 2011-2013. isolated virus strains were identified and subtyped. full-length coding regions for the vp1 gene of the predominant serotype cva6 isolates were amplified and sequenced. among the 375 non-ev71 non-cva16 hfmd cases confirmed by virus isolation and molecular subtyping, 182 (48.5%) were fou ... | 2014 | 25868276 |
| long-term immunogenicity studies of formalin-inactivated enterovirus 71 whole-virion vaccine in macaques. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) has caused epidemics of hand, foot and mouth diseases in asia during the past decades and no vaccine is available. a formalin-inactivated ev71 candidate vaccine (ev71vac) based on b4 subgenotype has previously been developed and found to elicit strong neutralizing antibody responses in mice and humans. in this study, we evaluated the long-term immunogenicity and safety of this ev71vac in a non-human primate model. juvenile macaques were immunized at 0, 3 and 6 weeks either ... | 2014 | 25197967 |
| circulation of coxsackievirus a6 in hand-foot-mouth disease in guangzhou, 2010-2012. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is usually caused by enterovirus 71(ev71), and coxsackievirus a16 (cv-a16) in guangzhou, the biggest city of south china. however, coxsackievirus a6 (cv-a6) were observed increased dramatically from 2010-2012. | 2014 | 25178398 |
| evaluation of monovalent and bivalent vaccines against lethal enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 infection in newborn mice. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cva16) have caused severe epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in the asia pacific in recent years, particularly in infants and young children. this disease has become a serious public health problem, as no vaccines or antiviral drugs have been approved for ev71 and ca16 infections. in this study, we compared four monovalent vaccines, including formalin-inactivated ev71 virus (iev71), ev71 virus-like particles (vlps) (vev71), formalin-ina ... | 2014 | 25483672 |
| [research advances in molecular epidemiology and vaccines of coxsackievirus a16]. | epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) have mainly been caused by coxsackievirus a16 (cva16) and enterovirus a 71 (ev-a71), which circulated alternatively or together in the affected area. cva16 has caused numerous outbreaks and epidemics in multiple countries and geographical regions, and has become an important public health problem. based on an analysis of the complete vp1 coding region, all cva16 strains can be divided into genotypes a, b1, and b2. furthermore, genotype b1 can be d ... | 2014 | 25272607 |
| enterovirus 71 induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation that is required for efficient replication. | redox homeostasis is an important host factor determining the outcome of infectious disease. enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection has become an important endemic disease in southeast asia and china. we have previously shown that oxidative stress promotes viral replication, and progeny virus induces oxidative stress in host cells. the detailed mechanism for reactive oxygen species (ros) generation in infected cells remains elusive. in the current study, we demonstrate that mitochondria were a major ro ... | 2014 | 25401329 |
| curcumin inhibits the replication of enterovirus 71 in vitro. | human enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the main causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in children. the epidemic of hfmd has been a public health problem in asia-pacific region for decades, and no vaccine and effective antiviral medicine are available. curcumin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries to treat a diversity of disorders including viral infections. in this study, we demonstrated that curcumin showed potent antiviral effect again ev71. in vero cells infected ... | 2014 | 26579397 |
| parallel mrna and microrna profiling of hev71-infected human neuroblastoma cells reveal the up-regulation of mir-1246 in association with dlg3 repression. | human enterovirus 71 (hev71) has emerged as the leading cause of viral encephalitis in children in most asian countries. the roles of host mirnas in the neurological pathogenesis of hev71 infection remain unknown. in the present study, comprehensive mirna expression profiling in hev71-infected human neuroblastoma sh-sy5y cells was performed using the affymetrix gene chip microarray assay and was validated using real-time rt-pcr. among the 69 differentially expressed mirnas, mir-1246 was specific ... | 2014 | 24739954 |
| enterovirus-71 virus-like particles induce the activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells through tlr4 signaling. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) causes seasonal epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and has a high mortality rate among young children. we recently demonstrated potent induction of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in monkeys immunized with ev71 virus-like particles (vlps), with a morphology resembling that of infectious ev71 virions but not containing a viral genome, which could potentially be safe as a vaccine for ev71. to elucidate the mechanisms through which ev71 vlps induce cell-med ... | 2014 | 25360749 |
| ev71 vaccine, an invaluable gift for children. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major pathogen for severe hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). development of vaccines against ev71 would be the most effective approach to prevent the ev71 outbreak. research and development (r&d) of ev71 vaccine was carried out in several asian countries. currently three companies in mainland china have completed phase iii clinical trials of inactivated ev71 whole-virus vaccines, whereas the other two companies have completed phase i clinical trials separately in tai ... | 2014 | 25505956 |
| protease 2a induces stress granule formation during coxsackievirus b3 and enterovirus 71 infections. | stress granules (sgs) are granular aggregates in the cytoplasm that are formed under a variety of stress situations including viral infection. previous studies indicate that poliovirus, a member of picornaviridae, can induce sg formation. however, the exact mechanism by which the picornaviruses induce sg formation is unknown. | 2014 | 25410318 |
| er stress, autophagy, and rna viruses. | endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress is a general term for representing the pathway by which various stimuli affect er functions. er stress induces the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, called the unfolded protein response (upr), which compromises the stimulus and then determines whether the cell survives or dies. in recent years, ongoing research has suggested that these pathways may be linked to the autophagic response, which plays a key role in the cell's response to various stressors ... | 2014 | 25140166 |
| inhibition of enterovirus 71 replication by 7-hydroxyflavone and diisopropyl-flavon7-yl phosphate. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease, which has been continuously prevalent in asia in recent years. in children, severe cases can lead to death, and no prophylactic or therapeutic measures against ev71 infection are available. the 3c proteases of ev71 play an important role in viral replication and are an ideal drug target. in previous work, we resolved the crystal structure for ev71 3cpro. in this report, we took advantage of the automated docking ... | 2014 | 24664133 |
| anti-enterovirus 71 effects of chrysin and its phosphate ester. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) can cause severe disease and even lead to death in children, and an effective antiviral drug is currently unavailable. the anti-ev71 effect of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid commonly found in many plants, was tested in this report. by using the predicting program autodock 4.0 and an in vitro protease inhibition assay, we found that chrysin could suppress viral 3cpro activity. replication of viral rna and production of viral capsid protein and the infect ... | 2014 | 24598537 |
| enterovirus 2apro targets mda5 and mavs in infected cells. | rig-i-like receptors (rlrs) mda5 and rig-i are key players in the innate antiviral response. upon recognition of viral rna, they interact with mavs, eventually inducing type i interferon production. the interferon induction pathway is commonly targeted by viruses. how enteroviruses suppress interferon production is incompletely understood. mda5 has been suggested to undergo caspase- and proteasome-mediated degradation during poliovirus infection. additionally, mavs is reported to be cleaved duri ... | 2014 | 24390337 |
| a cytoplasmic rna virus generates functional viral small rnas and regulates viral ires activity in mammalian cells. | the roles of virus-derived small rnas (vsrnas) have been studied in plants and insects. however, the generation and function of small rnas from cytoplasmic rna viruses in mammalian cells remain unexplored. this study describes four vsrnas that were detected in enterovirus 71-infected cells using next-generation sequencing and northern blots. viral infection produced substantial levels (>10(5) copy numbers per cell) of vsrna1, one of the four vsrnas. we also demonstrated that dicer is involved in ... | 2014 | 25352551 |
| in vivo time-related evaluation of a therapeutic neutralization monoclonal antibody against lethal enterovirus 71 infection in a mouse model. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a neurotropic virus capable of inducing severe neurological symptoms and death. no direct targeting antivirals are useful in the treatment of severe ev71 infection. because of low toxicity and good specificity, monoclonal antibodies (mab) are a potential candidate for the treatment of viral infections. therefore, we developed an ev71-specific conformational mab with high in vitro cross-neutralization activity to heterologous ev71 subgenotypes. the in vivo treatment exper ... | 2014 | 25279734 |
| recent developments in antiviral agents against enterovirus 71 infection. | enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is the main etiological agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). recent ev-71 outbreaks in asia-pacific were not limited to mild hfmd, but were associated with severe neurological complications such as aseptic meningitis and brainstem encephalitis, which may lead to cardiopulmonary failure and death. the absence of licensed therapeutics for clinical use has intensified research into anti-ev-71 development. this review highlights the potential antiviral agents targetin ... | 2014 | 24521134 |
| construction and characterization of a recombinant human adenovirus type 3 vector containing two foreign neutralizing epitopes in hexon. | the "antigen capsid-incorporation" strategy has been developed for adenovirus-based vaccines in the context of several diseases. exogenous antigenic peptides incorporated into the adenovirus capsid structure can induce a robust and boosted antigen-specific immune response. recently, we sought to generate a multivalent adenovirus type 3 (ad3) vaccine vector by incorporating multiple epitopes into the major adenovirus capsid protein, hexon. in the present study, a multivalent recombinant ad3 vacci ... | 2014 | 24518297 |
| polyc-binding protein 1 interacts with 5'-untranslated region of enterovirus 71 rna in membrane-associated complex to facilitate viral replication. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd), which may lead to severe neurological disorders and mortality in children. ev71 genome is a positive single-stranded rna containing a single open reading frame (orf) flanked by 5'-untranslated region (5'utr) and 3'utr. the 5'utr is fundamentally important for virus replication by interacting with cellular proteins. here, we revealed that poly(c)-binding protein 1 (pcbp1) specifically binds to the 5'utr of ev71. ... | 2014 | 24489926 |
| hand, foot, and mouth disease in china, 2008-12: an epidemiological study. | hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common childhood illness caused by enteroviruses. increasingly, the disease has a substantial burden throughout east and southeast asia. to better inform vaccine and other interventions, we characterised the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease in china on the basis of enhanced surveillance. | 2014 | 24485991 |
| development and evaluation of a real-time method of simultaneous amplification and testing of enterovirus 71 incorporating a rna internal control system. | human enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a primary etiological agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd). the associated infections have posed a serious threat to the public health. in the present study, a real-time simultaneous amplification and testing (sat) technology was developed for detecting ev71 (sat-ev71). the rna of ev71 and an internal control (ic) were amplified and analyzed simultaneously by isothermal amplification and real-time detection of fluorescence using routine real-time pcr. furt ... | 2014 | 24269796 |
| a 3c(pro)-dependent bioluminescence imaging assay for in vivo evaluation of anti-enterovirus 71 agents. | enterovirus 71 (ev71), a member of picornaviridae, is one of the major pathogens of human hand, foot and mouth disease. ev71 mainly infects children and causes severe neurological complications and even death. the pathogenesis of ev71 infection is largely unknown, and no clinically approved vaccine or effective treatment is available to date. here we described a novel bioluminescence imaging approach for ev71 detection. in this approach, a plasmid-based reporter was constructed to express the fu ... | 2014 | 24263113 |
| the enteroviruses: problems in need of treatments. | specific antiviral therapy is currently not available for enterovirus (ev) infections. poliomyelitis, ev 71 neurologic disease, and neonatal ev disease are three manifestations of ev infections that exemplify the importance of developing antivirals for ev infections. despite tremendous strides in the effort to eradicate polio through vaccination, challenges remain, including the potential for transmission of neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses which have genetically reverted from live-att ... | 2014 | 24119825 |
| clinico-radiological spectrum in enterovirus 71 infection involving the central nervous system in children. | enterovirus 71 infection causes hand, foot and mouth disease in children, and can produce diverse neurologic complications. epidemics occurring in korea between 2009 and 2012 resulted in the death of some patients. the present study aimed to clarify the correlation between clinical features and mri findings in patients presenting with acute neurologic manifestations related to enterovirus 71 infection. based on their clinical features, the patients were classified into four clinical groups: (1) ... | 2014 | 24169271 |
| chimeric virus-like particle vaccines displaying conserved enterovirus 71 epitopes elicit protective neutralizing antibodies in mice through divergent mechanisms. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major causative agent of hand, food, and mouth disease, which frequently occurs in young children. since there are 11 subgenotypes (a, b1 to b5, and c1 to c5) within ev71, an ev71 vaccine capable of protecting against all of these subgenotypes is desirable. we report here the vaccine potential and protective mechanism of two chimeric virus-like particles (vlps) presenting conserved neutralizing epitopes of ev71. we show that fusions of hepatitis b core antigen (hbc) wi ... | 2014 | 24131712 |
| epidemiology of enterovirus 71 infections in taiwan. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) was first described in usa in 1969 but retrospective studies in the netherlands further detected ev71 in the clinical specimens collected in 1963. ev71 has one single serotype measured by using hyperimmune animal antisera but can be phylogenetically classified into three genogroups (a, b, and c) including 11 genotypes (a, b1-b5, c1-c5). in taiwan, ev71 caused a large-scale nationwide epidemic in 1998. retrospective studies further detected ev71 in clinical specimens collect ... | 2014 | 24120535 |
| effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on enterovirus 71 infection in vitro. | our previous studies have shown that vitamin a (va) status is associated with antiviral immunity and pathogenic conditions in enterovirus 71 (ev71)-infected children. in the present study, we established an in vitro model to investigate the effects and potential mechanism of the antiviral activity of va. human monocytic u937 cells were cultured in vitro and infected with ev71. all-trans-retinoic acid (atra), the active metabolite of va, and ro 41-5253, a retinoic acid receptor-α (rar-α) antagoni ... | 2014 | 24495389 |
| elevation of human leukocyte antigen-g expression is associated with the severe encephalitis associated with neurogenic pulmonary edema caused by enterovirus 71. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection can develop devastating clinical outcomes such as brain stem encephalitis (be) and pulmonary edema (pe). alteration of human leukocyte antigen-g (hla-g) expression or cytokine production was considered playing important roles in virus-related pathogenesis. however, clinical relevance of hla-g in ev71 infection remains unknown. in the current study, patients were stratified by disease severity as be (n = 107) and pe (n = 18). hla-g expression on peripheral blood mo ... | 2014 | 23605689 |
| impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support on clinical outcome of pediatric patients with acute cardiopulmonary failure: a single-center experience. | conventional therapy against acute pediatric cardiopulmonary failure (apcpf) caused by a variety of disease entities remains unsatisfactory with extremely high morbidity and mortality. for refractory apcpf, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is one of the last resorts. | 2014 | 23515152 |
| epidemiology and seroepidemiology of human enterovirus 71 among thai populations. | human enterovirus 71 (ev71) is an important pathogen caused large outbreaks in asian-pacific region with severe neurological complications and may lead to death in young children. understanding of the etiological spectrum and epidemic changes of enterovirus and population's immunity against ev71 are crucial for the implementation of future therapeutic and prophylactic intervention. | 2014 | 24548776 |
| modification of picornavirus genomic rna using 'click' chemistry shows that unlinking of the vpg peptide is dispensable for translation and replication of the incoming viral rna. | picornaviruses constitute a large group of viruses comprising medically and economically important pathogens such as poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus 71 and foot-and-mouth disease virus. a unique characteristic of these viruses is the use of a viral peptide (vpg) as primer for viral rna synthesis. as a consequence, all newly formed viral rna molecules possess a covalently linked vpg peptide. it is known that vpg is enzymatically released from the incoming viral rna by a host p ... | 2014 | 24243841 |
| overall codon usage pattern of enterovirus 71. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) is a systemic illness in children and is usually caused by enterovirus 71 (ev71). to provide new insights into the genetic features of ev71 and the relationship between the overall codon usage pattern of this virus and that of humans, values for relative synonymous codon usage (rscu), effective number of codons (enc), codon adaptation index (cai), and nucleotide composition were calculated and analyzed. the relationship between enc values and (g+c)₃% suggests ... | 2014 | 24535860 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the vp1 gene of enterovirus 71 in guangzhou during the high occurrence period of 2008. | an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in guangzhou in 2008 affected over 10,000 children and resulted in high hospital admission rates. to investigate the molecular epidemiological pattern of ev71 infections in guangzhou, throat swab samples were collected from 102 children clinically diagnosed with hfmd from may to july of 2008 in guangzhou. partial vp1 (virus protein 1) fragments of enterovirus 71 (ev71) isolates were sequenced, and used alongside ev71 sequences entered in genban ... | 2014 | 24515837 |